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6 pages, 3115 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Medium Access Control Layer for Internet of Things Edge-Side Network Using Carrier-Sense Multiple Access Protocol

by Selahattin Kosunalp and Sami Acik

Eng. Proc. 2024, 70(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024070001 - 23 Jul 2024

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The Internet of Things (IoT) has recently received a great deal of research interest due to its broad range of applications. One of the important layers in IoT applications is known as edge computing where resource-constrained devices at the edge form a simple [...] Read more.

The Internet of Things (IoT) has recently received a great deal of research interest due to its broad range of applications. One of the important layers in IoT applications is known as edge computing where resource-constrained devices at the edge form a simple type of network to sense required data. A more powerful edge device is responsible for collecting all sensed data to be transferred to the upper layers. A critical focus is therefore placed on maximum rate of data collection, requiring effective and intelligent solutions to coordinate the channel access of the devices. Medium access control (MAC) protocols take this responsibility as their design mission. Carrier-sense multiple access (CSMA) has been a baseline MAC scheme and many previous traditional networks utilized a CSMA-based solution. The motivation of this paper is to study the performance of a typical network at the edge through the CSMA theme. A practical network is constructed to assess the channel throughput performance via a commercially available radio transceiver. The practical performance observations indicate the suitability of the proposed CSMA-based solution. Full article

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13 pages, 3978 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Analysis of Data Sharing Systems in the Context of Industry 4.0 via Blockchain in 5G Mobile Networks

by Teodora Hristova, Grigor Mihaylov, Peyo Hristov and Albena Taneva

Eng. Proc. 2024, 70(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024070002 - 23 Jul 2024

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Abstract

The article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of Blockchain technologies. The types of distributed networks are defined and established as open, closed, consortium, and hybrid. Due to the variety of platforms in the Industry 4.0 society, which cannot be distinguished exactly as one [...] Read more.

The article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of Blockchain technologies. The types of distributed networks are defined and established as open, closed, consortium, and hybrid. Due to the variety of platforms in the Industry 4.0 society, which cannot be distinguished exactly as one type among those listed, the advantages and disadvantages of public and private networks are analyzed. Creating a real project requires compliance with various criteria. The synergism of standard and specialized environmental factors suggests difficulty in developing a techno-economic analysis for a specific task. Therefore, a SWOT analysis is proposed through which strengths and weaknesses, threats, and challenges are determined. To reduce the impact of threats and weaknesses when implementing technology in the industry, a combination of an Enterprise Resource Planning (shortly ERP) software platform and a fast data-transfer environment (such as 5G) is proposed. For this purpose, the features of the latter, which overcome threats and weaknesses, are established. It is established that the collaborative integration of technologies fosters business growth enhances economic impact, and serves as a strong foundation for long-term development across various fronts, positioning ahead of competitors. Full article

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5 pages, 961 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Bidirectional Resonant Power Converter for Hybrid Energy Systems

by Angel Lichev, Yasen Madankov, Vasil Mihov and Dimitar Spirov

Eng. Proc. 2024, 70(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024070003 - 23 Jul 2024

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Abstract

A bidirectional series DC-DC power converter with two resonant tank components is presented. A survey of a two-bridge inverter laboratory model of the device operating above resonant frequency is realized. A control technique with frequency variation at a defined range is used and [...] Read more.

A bidirectional series DC-DC power converter with two resonant tank components is presented. A survey of a two-bridge inverter laboratory model of the device operating above resonant frequency is realized. A control technique with frequency variation at a defined range is used and by which a control characteristics linearization is achieved and the efficiency of the device is improved. The behavior of the relevant converter operating at different frequency ratios is demonstrated, and the dependencies of the current through the resonant components and the output voltage are obtained. The possibility of the converter to transfer the energy in both forward and reverse directions at different input and output loads is demonstrated, which proves the applicability of the device in the area of hybrid energy systems. Full article

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8 pages, 3186 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Water Tower Base Method for the Optimization of Expansion and Shear during Construction

by Aleksandrina Bankova, Stefan Tenev, Zoya Tsoneva and Ismail Mehmedov

Eng. Proc. 2024, 70(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024070004 - 23 Jul 2024

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Abstract

The primary purpose of the present research is to analyze and determine the impact that expansion and shear exert on the production time, expenditures on materials and consumable items, i.e., production costs, and the cost of the manufactured sheet material details. An applied [...] Read more.

The primary purpose of the present research is to analyze and determine the impact that expansion and shear exert on the production time, expenditures on materials and consumable items, i.e., production costs, and the cost of the manufactured sheet material details. An applied study was, accordingly, conducted to investigate the implications of different design features and shear on a sheet material workpiece, i.e., the base of a water tower, with respect to the shear line produced during surface segmentation. In order to determine in which direction and to what extent the dimensions of the constituent elements influence the expansion, a graphical experiment was performed with a smaller width of the elements than the surrounding surface, as well as with two different steps. Cases are presented and analyzed in which the surrounding surface is considered as composed of several composite belts in horizontal and vertical arrangements of the metal sheets. The research findings refer to the sheet material parameters (thickness, dimensions), production technology principles, and their effects on the technological process to optimize material costs and reduce waste in manufacturing. The study revealed that in order to achieve optimal shear outcomes, it is recommended to manufacture all the segments concurrently, and shorten the time of production by programming the process of shear to minimize the length of the shearing lines while segmenting the surfaces of the relevant details. This will be more suitable in the case of constructions executed along helical lines, applied with a small step, where the residual material is of more compact dimensions with a suitable cut. Full article

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9 pages, 1916 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Problems in Designing Robots with Parallel Kinematics

by Stanislav Tsolov, Reneta Dimitrova and Stiliyan Nikolov

Eng. Proc. 2024, 70(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024070005 - 23 Jul 2024

Viewed by 58

Abstract

In this article, the problems arising in the design of robots with parallel kinematics are defined. An analysis of the causes of these problems was made. Methods for solving the defined problems applied in modern robots with parallel kinematics are indicated. This article [...] Read more.

In this article, the problems arising in the design of robots with parallel kinematics are defined. An analysis of the causes of these problems was made. Methods for solving the defined problems applied in modern robots with parallel kinematics are indicated. This article summarizes and presents all these problems and analyzes each of them, with the goal of serving as an initial guide for engineers in designing new cost-effective parallel robots that meet the needs of discrete manufacturing. There are many scientific works on this topic, but they are focused only on a specific problem, presenting a method for its solution. In most cases, these methods are not generalized and only apply to a specific type of construction. Therefore, when designing, engineers must study all these methods and carefully select the appropriate ones that give maximum performance, a process that is significantly time-consuming. That is why this article can help the design process by giving an initial view of all possible problems, and for some of them, specific solutions from different authors and companies are presented. Thus, the design time for engineers who have not encountered the features of parallel robots can be drastically reduced, something that is of great importance for today’s automation. Full article

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1757 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Analysis and Synthesis of Single-Bit Adders for Multi-Bit Adders with Sequential Transfers

by Sakhybay Tynymbayev, Assel Mukasheva, Kuanyshbek Ibragimov, Adil Mukhamedgali, Gani Sergazin and Teodor Iliev

Eng. Proc. 2024, 70(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024070006 - 24 Jul 2024

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Abstract

This paper provides an analysis of existing single-digit binary adders from the point of view of their implementation on fans built based on metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor—MOSFETs. The synthesis of a single-digit adder with a conditional sum is carried out. The considered adders are [...] Read more.

This paper provides an analysis of existing single-digit binary adders from the point of view of their implementation on fans built based on metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor—MOSFETs. The synthesis of a single-digit adder with a conditional sum is carried out. The considered adders are compared in terms of speed and hardware complexity (by the number of MOSFETs). Adders perform arithmetic operations on numbers. In combination with other logical operations, adders are the core of the circuits of arithmetic logic devices that implement several different operations; they are an integral part of different processors. The most important parameters of adders are their hardware complexity and performance; therefore, many options for single-bit and multi-bit connectors with serial, parallel and combined transmissions have been developed. In the final part, a scheme of a multi-bit adder with consecutive transfers on adders with a conditional sum is given. An example of performing addition operations is given. Full article

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7 pages, 2102 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Concept for the Construction of a Universal Mobile Robot

by Vanya Georgieva and Ivailo Petrov

Eng. Proc. 2024, 70(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024070007 - 25 Jul 2024

Viewed by 23

Abstract

This paper presents a mobile robot concept. To understand what has led to the choice of this particular design, one must first understand mobile robots in general: what are the trends, where are they used, etc. Then, some of the necessary elements for [...] Read more.

This paper presents a mobile robot concept. To understand what has led to the choice of this particular design, one must first understand mobile robots in general: what are the trends, where are they used, etc. Then, some of the necessary elements for robot propulsion and navigation were considered, looking at their principle of operation, as well as their application. A description of the robot structure follows. Thanks to the software, the approximate value of the various parameters can be calculated, and an initial three-dimensional model can be built. First, the idea of the robot will be introduced in the abstract and then be outlined in detail, showing how the various components work. It will conclude by looking at the most important elements of a mobile robot, as well as what makes a robot successful. Full article

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