Nutrients

15 pages, 1465 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Vitamin D and LC-PUFA and the Presence of Fetal Heart Defects—A Further Part of a Case-Control Study

by Agnieszka Kolmaga, Elżbieta Trafalska, Ewelina Gaszyńska, Anna Gawron-Skarbek, Sławomir Witkowski, Julia Murlewska, Maria Respondek-Liberska and Iwona Strzelecka

Nutrients 2025, 17(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17010018 (registering DOI) - 24 Dec 2024

Abstract

Introduction: The relationship between diet of mothers, including supplementation of vitamin D and Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (LC-PUFA), and the prevalence of congenital heart defects (CHD) in the fetus has not been sufficiently studied. The aim of the study was to investigate [...] Read more.

Introduction: The relationship between diet of mothers, including supplementation of vitamin D and Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (LC-PUFA), and the prevalence of congenital heart defects (CHD) in the fetus has not been sufficiently studied. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the intake of vitamin D and LC-PUFA by mother (from diet and with supplementation, including its time of implementation and applied dose), and the risk of CHD in the fetus. Methods: This was a case—control study with the participation of a total of 79 women with prenatally diagnosed CHD in the fetus and 121 women without CHD in the fetus. The Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used with particular emphasis on vitamin D and DHA supplementation. A univariate logistic regression model was used to evaluate the relationship between selected dietary data and the risk of CHD in the fetus. Results: In the group of females without CHD in the fetus, the mean values of vitamin D intake, including supplementation, and dietary LC-PUFA + DHA from supplementation, were higher than in women with CHD in the fetus (41.3 ± 24.7 vs. 34.7 ± 27.8 μg; p = 0.02 and 831.0 ± 280.1 vs. 767.7 ± 287.6 mg; p = 0.008, for vitamin D and LC-PUFA + DHA respectively). No significant relationship was found between vitamin D intake (including supplementation) or between LC-PUFA + DHA supplementation by pregnant women, and the presence of CHD in their children. Conclusions: It seems that increased maternal intake of vitamin D and LC-PUFA, including DHA, through supplementation, may protect fetus against CHD, but the relationship between the occurrence of CHD and diet in this area need further studies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Pediatric Nutrition)

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Graphical abstract

17 pages, 277 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Oral Frailty and Its Relationship with Physical Frailty in Older Adults: A Longitudinal Study Using the Oral Frailty Five-Item Checklist

by Hiroshi Kusunoki, Yoko Hasegawa, Yasuyuki Nagasawa, Kensaku Shojima, Hiromitsu Yamazaki, Takara Mori, Shotaro Tsuji, Yosuke Wada, Kayoko Tamaki, Koutatsu Nagai, Ryota Matsuzawa, Hiromitsu Kishimoto, Hideo Shimizu and Ken Shinmura

Nutrients 2025, 17(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17010017 (registering DOI) - 24 Dec 2024

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Oral frailty, first identified in Japan in 2014, refers to a state between healthy oral function and severe decline, marked by minor issues, such as tooth loss and chewing difficulties. The oral frailty five-item checklist (OF-5) enables non-dental professionals to evaluate oral [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Oral frailty, first identified in Japan in 2014, refers to a state between healthy oral function and severe decline, marked by minor issues, such as tooth loss and chewing difficulties. The oral frailty five-item checklist (OF-5) enables non-dental professionals to evaluate oral frailty using five key indicators: remaining teeth count, chewing difficulties, swallowing difficulties, dry mouth, and articulatory oral skills. Limited studies exist. Methods: This study examined the relationship between oral and physical frailties in older adults and assessed the prognosis of physical frailty using the OF-5. Participants aged ≥65 years were recruited from the frail elderly in the Sasayama–Tamba area, Hyogo, Japan, and their physical function was assessed in terms of grip strength, walking speed, and skeletal muscle mass. Blood markers, such as cystatin C, an indicator of renal function, were also analyzed. Results: A cross-sectional analysis indicated that oral frailty was correlated with reduced muscle mass, walking speed, and physical function. Women had lower hemoglobin and albumin levels and a greater prevalence of frailty than men. Longitudinal analysis revealed that initial OF-5 scores predicted increased physical frailty after 2–3 years, especially in those with higher baseline scores. The OF-5 was a significant factor for frailty progression in both sexes. Conclusions: These results suggest that early detection of oral frailty via the OF-5 may be useful in preventing the progression of overall frailty in older adults. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Geriatric Nutrition)

24 pages, 2656 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Link Between Dysbiosis, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Asthma—The Role of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Antioxidants

by Paulina Kleniewska and Rafał Pawliczak

Nutrients 2025, 17(1), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17010016 - 24 Dec 2024

Abstract

Background: Asthma (a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways) is characterized by a variable course, response to treatment, and prognosis. Its incidence has increased significantly in recent decades. Unfortunately, modern lifestyle and environmental factors contribute to the further increase in the incidence of [...] Read more.

Background: Asthma (a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways) is characterized by a variable course, response to treatment, and prognosis. Its incidence has increased significantly in recent decades. Unfortunately, modern lifestyle and environmental factors contribute to the further increase in the incidence of this disease. Progressive industrialization and urbanization, widespread use of antibiotic therapy, excessive sterility and inappropriate, highly processed diets are some of the many risk factors that are relevant today. Over the years, a lot of evidence has been gathered showing the influence of microorganisms of the gut or airways on human health. Studies published in recent years indicate that dysbiosis (microbial imbalance) and oxidative stress (pro-oxidant–antioxidant imbalance) are important elements of the pathogenesis of this inflammatory disease. Scientists have attempted to counteract the effects of this process by using probiotics, prebiotics, and antioxidants. The use of probiotic microorganisms positively modulates the immune system by maintaining homeostasis between individual fractions of immune system cells. Moreover, recently conducted experiments have shown that probiotics have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and protective properties in oxidative stress (OS). The aim of this study is to present the current state of knowledge on the role of dysbiosis and OS in the pathogenesis of asthma. Conclusions: This review highlights the importance of using probiotics, prebiotics, and antioxidants as potential strategies to support the treatment and prevention of this disease. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Gut Microbiota with Chronic Disease—2nd Edition)

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11 pages, 1720 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Body Image Dissatisfaction Is Increased in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Compared to Healthy Matched Controls but Not Diseased Controls: A Case-Control Study from New Zealand

by Stephen Inns, Heidi Su, Amanda Chen, Crispin Ovenden, Joy Alcantara, Priyanka Lilic and Helen Myint

Nutrients 2025, 17(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17010015 (registering DOI) - 24 Dec 2024

Abstract

Background: Body image dissatisfaction is elevated in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as well as other chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to determine if the higher rate of body image dissatisfaction in IBD is specific to IBD or characteristic of [...] Read more.

Background: Body image dissatisfaction is elevated in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as well as other chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to determine if the higher rate of body image dissatisfaction in IBD is specific to IBD or characteristic of chronic disease in general by comparing body image dissatisfaction in IBD patients with age- and gender-matched healthy individuals and those with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods: In this New Zealand-based case-control study conducted in a secondary care hospital, consecutive IBD patients aged 16 years and older were matched 1:1 with healthy individuals and T1DM patients based on age and gender. However, availability of controls resulted in a slightly different number of pairs for each comparison between groups. Demographics were documented, and participants completed the Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire (BIDQ), RAND SF-36 Quality of Life measures, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results: Forty-five matched pairs compared IBD patients to healthy controls, while 38 compared IBD patients to T1DM patients. BIDQ scores were higher for IBD patients than healthy controls (2.05 vs. 1.58, p = 0.004) but not significantly different from T1DM patients (2.03 vs. 1.72, p = 0.09). No differences were seen in BMI, smoking, or relationship status across groups. IBD patients had higher depression scores than controls (mean 6.51 vs. 3.87, p = 0.002) but similar anxiety scores (5.51 vs. 4.89, p = 0.258). A 1-point BIDQ increase in IBD patients was associated with a 4.6-fold increase in depression (p = 0.025), after adjusting for clinical and demographic factors. Conclusions: Body image dissatisfaction is prevalent in IBD patients and may be a common feature across chronic diseases. Body image dissatisfaction strongly associates with depression, highlighting the importance of addressing it in IBD management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bidirectional Link between Eating Habits, Lifestyle, Physical Exercise and Depression and Other Mental Disorders)

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62 pages, 975 KiB

Open AccessReview

Nutraceuticals and Supplements in Management of Prediabetes and Diabetes

by Giuseppe Derosa, Angela D’Angelo, Fabrizio Angelini, Luca Belli, Arrigo F. G. Cicero, Roberto Da Ros, Giovanni De Pergola, Giovanni V. Gaudio, Alessandro Lupi, Giovanni Sartore, Federico A. Vignati and Pamela Maffioli

Nutrients 2025, 17(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17010014 - 24 Dec 2024

Abstract

Dysglycemia is a condition preceding diabetes mellitus. The two situations inherent in this condition are called impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). If one of these situations is found in the patient, after the advice of an appropriate diet and [...] Read more.

Dysglycemia is a condition preceding diabetes mellitus. The two situations inherent in this condition are called impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). If one of these situations is found in the patient, after the advice of an appropriate diet and physical activity, the addition of nutraceuticals or supplements can be considered, which can stop or delay the progression to diabetes mellitus over time. The purpose was to compile a systematic review about the use of nutraceuticals for treating diabetes and prediabetes and to offer a valuable resource for colleagues working on this crucial subject, thereby improving patient health. The added value of the paper compared to other reviews is that it was written by experts appointed by five different scientific societies dealing with diabetes, nutrition, and complications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition and Diabetes)

25 pages, 1287 KiB

Open AccessReview

Role of Abscisic Acid in the Whole-Body Regulation of Glucose Uptake and Metabolism

by Sonia Spinelli, Zelle Humma, Mirko Magnone, Elena Zocchi and Laura Sturla

Nutrients 2025, 17(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17010013 - 24 Dec 2024

Abstract

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a hormone with a long evolutionary history, dating back to the earliest living organisms, of which modern (ABA-producing) cyanobacteria are likely descendants, which existed long before the separation of the plant and animal kingdoms, with a conserved role as [...] Read more.

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a hormone with a long evolutionary history, dating back to the earliest living organisms, of which modern (ABA-producing) cyanobacteria are likely descendants, which existed long before the separation of the plant and animal kingdoms, with a conserved role as signals regulating cell responses to environmental challenges. In mammals, along with the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective function of ABA, nanomolar ABA regulates the metabolic response to glucose availability by stimulating glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue via an insulin-independent mechanism and increasing metabolic energy production and also dissipation in brown and white adipocytes. Chronic ABA intake of micrograms per Kg body weight improves blood glucose, lipids, and morphometric parameters (waist circumference and body mass index) in borderline subjects for prediabetes and metabolic syndrome. This review summarizes the most recent in vitro and in vivo data obtained with nanomolar ABA, the involvement of the receptors LANCL1 and LANCL2 in the hormone’s action, and the importance of mammals’ endowment with two distinct hormones governing the metabolic response to glucose availability. Finally, unresolved issues and future directions for the clinical use of ABA in diabetes are discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Bioactive Compounds in Blood Glucose Control)

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13 pages, 719 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Food Behavior and Lifestyle Among Students: The Influence of the University Environment

by Calin Avram, Victoria Nyulas, Danusia Onisor, Ion Mihai Georgescu, Julianna Szakacs and Florina Ruta

Nutrients 2025, 17(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17010012 - 24 Dec 2024

Abstract

Introduction: A key element for a healthy lifestyle in the formative years of a young adult is a balanced, healthy, individualized diet. Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the eating behavior and lifestyles of students at a university in Romania, [...] Read more.

Introduction: A key element for a healthy lifestyle in the formative years of a young adult is a balanced, healthy, individualized diet. Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the eating behavior and lifestyles of students at a university in Romania, as well as the extent to which the study program interferes with these factors. Methods: A retrospective study was performed, with the data being collected through an online questionnaire via the Google Forms platform; data collection for the current study was carried out in November 2024 during a student session. Results: Out of the total of 501 questionnaires collected, 416 were completed by women and 85 by men. It can be observed that 57.65% of men (49 participants) eat three meals a day compared to 53.13% of women (221 participants). The university program influenced the students’ meal schedules for 59.88% (n = 300) of participants, while 30.94% (n = 155) declared that they never have an ordered meal schedule. For 39.92% of students, the exam period has an influence on the meal schedule, including an increase the intake of sweet foods (59.88%), and some declared that they forget to eat (33.93%). Conclusions: The food and lifestyle behaviors in the studied group show health risk elements, especially an increase in tobacco consumption, a lack of regular meal schedules, and the consumption of an excess of unhealthy snacks. It was found that intensive study schedules may intensify this behavior. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Education and Physical Activities and Sports for Students, Teachers and Families: Respecting and Valuing Diversity)

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24 pages, 3754 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effectiveness of the SYNCHRONIZE + Brief Intervention in Improving Mediterranean Diet Adherence, Nutritional Quality and Intake Pattern in Persons with Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

by Noèlia Carrasco-Querol, Lorena Cabricano-Canga, Nerea Bueno Hernández, Carme Martín-Borràs, Alessandra Queiroga Gonçalves, Anna Vila-Martí, Blanca Ribot, Judit Solà, Carme Valls-Llobet, Rosa Caballol Angelats, Pilar Montesó-Curto, Elisabet Castro Blanco, Macarena Pozo Ariza, Sandra Carreres Rey, Laura Pla Pagà, Mònica Dearos Sanchís, José Fernández-Sáez, M. Rosa Dalmau Llorca and Carina Aguilar Martín

Nutrients 2025, 17(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17010011 (registering DOI) - 24 Dec 2024

Abstract

Background: Multidisciplinary lifestyle interventions are being researched to treat fibromyalgia. However, the impact of nutrition as a key treatment component is little studied. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the SYNCHRONIZE + lifestyle multidisciplinary intervention in improving adherence to the Mediterranean [...] Read more.

Background: Multidisciplinary lifestyle interventions are being researched to treat fibromyalgia. However, the impact of nutrition as a key treatment component is little studied. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the SYNCHRONIZE + lifestyle multidisciplinary intervention in improving adherence to the Mediterranean diet, nutrition quality and dietary intake pattern in persons with fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. Methods: A pragmatic randomized clinical trial was conducted in primary care. Data were collected using the 17-item energy-restricted Mediterranean Adherence Screener (er-MEDAS), the food frequency questionnaire (sFFQ) and the 24 h recall questionnaire (24 HR), in addition to chrono-nutritional, anthropometric, and body composition data, at baseline and 3-, 6-, and 12- month follow-up visits, and statistically analyzed. Results: A total of 158 participants were evaluated. Results showed the effectiveness of the intervention in improving adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The adherence depended on the group-time interaction being positive and significant at 3 and 6 months post-intervention in the INT group and on the participant age and educational level. Specifically, the intake of legumes, fruits, vegetables, nuts and blue fish was increased, while the intake of sweets and pastries, butter and cream and red and processed meat was reduced. Furthermore, the intake of chips and candies was also reduced, and the consumption of fermented food (yogurts, cheese, kefir) increased. Thus, general diet quality improved. Interestingly, the intake of key nutrients such as protein and iron increased. Furthermore, the number of night eaters was decreased significantly. Muscle mass index was also improved in the intervention group. These results were maintained in the medium to long term. Conclusion: SYNCHRONIZE + is a brief, low-cost, multidisciplinary intervention effective in improving adherence to the Mediterranean diet and improving nutritional and dietary intake patterns in persons with fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. Further evaluation of the effect on quality of life and symptoms is needed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition Methodology & Assessment)

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15 pages, 1311 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Comparison of Early Enteral Nutrition Versus Early Parenteral Nutrition in Critically Ill Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by Seung Min Baik, Mina Kim and Jae Gil Lee

Nutrients 2025, 17(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17010010 - 24 Dec 2024

Abstract

Background: Nutritional support is crucial in critically ill patients to enhance recovery, reduce infections, and improve outcomes. This meta-analysis compared early enteral nutrition (EEN) and early parenteral nutrition (EPN) to evaluate their efficacy in adult critically ill patients. Methods: A systematic review of [...] Read more.

Background: Nutritional support is crucial in critically ill patients to enhance recovery, reduce infections, and improve outcomes. This meta-analysis compared early enteral nutrition (EEN) and early parenteral nutrition (EPN) to evaluate their efficacy in adult critically ill patients. Methods: A systematic review of 14 studies involving 7618 patients was conducted, including randomized controlled trials, prospective cohorts, and retrospective analyses. The primary outcomes were mortality and infectious complications, while secondary outcomes included intensive care unit length of stay (ICU-LOS), hospital length of stay (H-LOS), mechanical ventilation days, and gastrointestinal (GI) complications. Results: The results showed no significant difference in mortality between EEN and EPN (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.93–1.14). EEN reduced bloodstream infections (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.57–0.93), ICU-LOS (MD −0.18 days, 95% CI −0.33 to −0.04), and H-LOS (MD −1.15 days, 95% CI −1.38 to −0.93). However, EEN was associated with higher GI complications, such as vomiting and diarrhea (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.97–2.58), while mechanical ventilation days showed no significant difference. Conclusions: These findings support prioritizing EEN in critically ill patients with functional gastrointestinal systems to improve infection control and recovery while emphasizing the importance of careful monitoring to mitigate gastrointestinal complications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Management in Intensive Care)

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32 pages, 455 KiB

Open AccessReview

Health-Promoting and Functional Properties of Fermented Milk Beverages with Probiotic Bacteria in the Prevention of Civilization Diseases

by Milena Alicja Stachelska, Piotr Karpiński and Bartosz Kruszewski

Nutrients 2025, 17(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17010009 - 24 Dec 2024

Abstract

Background/Objectives: There is scattered information in the scientific literature regarding the characterization of probiotic bacteria found in fermented milk beverages and the beneficial effects of probiotic bacteria on human health. Our objective was to gather the available information on the use of probiotic [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: There is scattered information in the scientific literature regarding the characterization of probiotic bacteria found in fermented milk beverages and the beneficial effects of probiotic bacteria on human health. Our objective was to gather the available information on the use of probiotic bacteria in the prevention of civilization diseases, with a special focus on the prevention of obesity, diabetes, and cancer. Methods: We carried out a literature review including the following keywords, either individually or collectively: lactic acid bacteria; probiotic bacteria; obesity; lactose intolerance; diabetes; cancer protection; civilization diseases; intestinal microbiota; intestinal pathogens. Results: This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the use of probiotic bacteria in the prevention of civilization diseases. Probiotic bacteria are a set of living microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, exert a beneficial effect on the health of the host and allow for the renewal of the correct quantitative and qualitative composition of the microbiota. Probiotic bacteria favorably modify the composition of the intestinal microbiota, inhibit the development of intestinal pathogens, prevent constipation, strengthen the immune system, and reduce symptoms of lactose intolerance. As fermented milk beverages are an excellent source of probiotic bacteria, their regular consumption can be a strong point in the prevention of various types of civilization diseases. Conclusions: The presence of lactic acid bacteria, including probiotic bacteria in fermented milk beverages, reduces the incidence of obesity and diabetes and serves as a tool in the prevention of cancer diseases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Postbiotics on Human Health)

11 pages, 1930 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Longer-Term Mixed Nut Consumption on Lipoprotein Particle Concentrations in Older Adults with Overweight or Obesity

by Kevin M. R. Nijssen, Marco A. Chavez-Alfaro, Peter J. Joris, Jogchum Plat and Ronald P. Mensink

Nutrients 2025, 17(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17010008 - 24 Dec 2024

Abstract

Background: Recently, we reported that longer-term mixed nut intake significantly reduced serum total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, but these markers may not fully capture lipoprotein-related cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Objectives: This randomized, controlled, single-blinded, crossover trial in older adults with overweight or obesity [...] Read more.

Background: Recently, we reported that longer-term mixed nut intake significantly reduced serum total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, but these markers may not fully capture lipoprotein-related cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Objectives: This randomized, controlled, single-blinded, crossover trial in older adults with overweight or obesity examined the effects of longer-term mixed nut consumption on lipoprotein particle size, number, and lipid distribution. Methods: Twenty-eight participants (aged 65 ± 3 years; BMI 27.9 ± 2.3 kg/m²) completed two 16-week periods (control [no nuts] vs. mixed nuts (60 g/day: 15 g of walnuts, pistachios, cashews, and hazelnuts), separated by an 8-week washout. Plasma lipoprotein particle numbers, sizes, and lipid distributions across subclasses were analyzed using high-throughput nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Results: Mixed nut consumption significantly reduced Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) concentrations (−0.07 g/L; p = 0.009), total cholesterol (−0.27 mmol/L; p = 0.047), non-HDL cholesterol (−0.28 mmol/L; p = 0.022), and total triacylglycerol (TAG) (−0.27 mmol/L; p = 0.008). Total very large-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particle numbers decreased by 24 nmol/L (p < 0.001), with reductions observed across all VLDL subclasses. Total LDL particle numbers (p = 0.044), specifically intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) (p = 0.002) and large LDL particles (p = 0.015), were also reduced, while HDL particle numbers and sizes were unaffected. The mixed nut intervention significantly reduced cholesterol concentrations across all VLDL subclasses and IDL (all p < 0.01), with no changes in LDL or HDL subclasses. TAG concentrations showed reductions across all lipoprotein subclasses (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: Longer-term mixed nut consumption may lower CVD risk in older adults and favorable shifts in apoB-containing lipoprotein subclasses towards a less atherogenic profile. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Manipulations: Advances in Metabolism Disease)

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13 pages, 4334 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Metabolites Derived from Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Leaf Extract Fermented by Limosilactobacillus fermentum on Hepatic Energy Metabolism via SIRT1-PGC1α Signaling in Diabetic Mice

by Sohyun Jeon, Heaji Lee, Sun-Yeou Kim, Choong-Hwan Lee and Yunsook Lim

Nutrients 2025, 17(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17010007 - 24 Dec 2024

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is considered a serious risk to public health since its prevalence is rapidly increasing worldwide despite numerous therapeutics. Insulin resistance in T2DM contributes to chronic inflammation and other metabolic abnormalities that generate fat accumulation in the liver, [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is considered a serious risk to public health since its prevalence is rapidly increasing worldwide despite numerous therapeutics. Insulin resistance in T2DM contributes to chronic inflammation and other metabolic abnormalities that generate fat accumulation in the liver, eventually leading to the progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Recently, the possibility that microbial-derived metabolites may alleviate MAFLD through enterohepatic circulation has emerged, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this research, we utilized metabolites obtained from the fermentation of guava leaf extract, which is well-known for its antidiabetic activity, to investigate their effects and mechanisms on MAFLD. Methods: Diabetes was induced by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin injection (80 mg/kg body weight) twice in mice. Subsequently, mice whose fasting blood glucose levels were measured higher than 300 mg/dL were administered with metabolites of Limosilactobacillus fermentum (LF) (50 mg/kg/day) or guava leaf extract fermented by L. fermentum (GFL) (50 mg/kg/day) by gavage for 15 weeks. Results: GFL supplementation mitigated hyperglycemia and hepatic insulin resistance. Moreover, GFL regulated abnormal hepatic histological changes and lipid profiles in diabetic mice. Furthermore, GFL enhanced energy metabolism by activating the sirtuin1 (SIRT1)/proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α pathway in diabetic mice. Meanwhile, GFL supplementation suppressed hepatic inflammation in diabetic mice. Conclusions: Taken together, the current study elucidated that GFL could be a potential therapeutic to ameliorate hyperglycemia and hepatic steatosis by improving SIRT1/PGC-1α/ PPAR-α-related energy metabolism in T2DM. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition and Diabetes)

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10 pages, 253 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of Nutritional Intervention in Nutritional Risk Screening on Hospitalised Lung Cancer Patients

by Raquel Oliveira, Bruno Cabrita, Ângela Cunha, Sónia Silva, João P. M. Lima, Diana Martins and Fernando Mendes

Nutrients 2025, 17(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17010006 - 24 Dec 2024

Abstract

Background: Lung cancer (LC) patients are prone to suffer from malnutrition. Malnutrition negatively affects patients’ response to therapy, increases the incidence of treatment-related side effects, and decreases survival. Early identification of LC patients who are malnourished or at risk of malnutrition can promote [...] Read more.

Background: Lung cancer (LC) patients are prone to suffer from malnutrition. Malnutrition negatively affects patients’ response to therapy, increases the incidence of treatment-related side effects, and decreases survival. Early identification of LC patients who are malnourished or at risk of malnutrition can promote recovery and improve prognosis. Objective: This study aimed to assess the risk and nutritional status of lung cancer patients who are hospitalised, as well as to evaluate the impact of nutritional intervention on the risk of malnutrition. Methods: From January 2022 to December 2023, 53 LC patients hospitalised in a pulmonology department had their nutritional risk (initial and final) and nutritional status (initial) assessed. All were selected for nutritional intervention. Nutrition counselling was the first intervention option, along with dietary changes with/without oral nutritional supplements. Results: At the time of hospitalisation, 90.6% of the patients were at nutritional risk, 45.3% were classified as moderately malnourished, and 35.8% were classified as severely underweight. After the hospitalisation, 73.6% were at nutritional risk at the time of discharge, suggesting a statistically significant decrease in the number of patients with nutritional risk. Conclusions: Most LC patients hospitalised presented an altered nutritional status. Our study suggests that a nutritional intervention must be implemented to reduce malnutrition risk, which may impact prognosis. The comprehensive nutritional problems experienced by LC patients require nutritional assessment and improved individually tailored nutritional support. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Status and Interventions for Patients with Cancer—2nd Edition)

18 pages, 1731 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Matricaria recutita Blossoms and Zingiber officinale Rhizome Ethanol Extracts

by Anca Elena But, Raluca Maria Pop, Georg Friedrich Binsfeld, Floricuța Ranga, Meda Sandra Orăsan, Andra Diana Cecan, Iulia Ioana Morar, Elisabeta Ioana Chera, Teodora Irina Bonci, Lia Oxana Usatiuc, Mădălina Țicolea, Florinela Adriana Cătoi, Alina Elena Pârvu and Mircea Constantin Dinu Ghergie

Nutrients 2025, 17(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17010005 - 24 Dec 2024

Abstract

Background: Inflammation-induced oxidative stress is a pathophysiological mechanism of inflammatory diseases. Treatments targeting oxidative stress can reduce inflammatory tissue damage. Objectives: This study aimed to conduct phytochemical analysis and evaluate the antioxidant effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of Matricaria recutita blossoms (M. [...] Read more.

Background: Inflammation-induced oxidative stress is a pathophysiological mechanism of inflammatory diseases. Treatments targeting oxidative stress can reduce inflammatory tissue damage. Objectives: This study aimed to conduct phytochemical analysis and evaluate the antioxidant effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of Matricaria recutita blossoms (M. recutita) and Zingiber officinale rhizomes (Z. officinale). Materials and Methods: The phytochemical analysis was carried out by measuring the total polyphenol content, total flavonoid content, and polyphenolic compounds’ HPLC-ESI MS. The antioxidant activity was evaluated in vitro through H₂O₂ DPPH, FRAP, and NO scavenging assays. An in vivo experiment was performed on rats with turpentine oil-induced acute inflammation. Treatments were administrated orally for 10 days, with three dilutions of each extract (100%, 50%, 25%), and compared to the CONTROL, inflammation, Diclofenac, and Trolox groups. In vivo, the antioxidant activity was evaluated by measuring the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidative status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), and total thiols (SH). Results: The phytochemical analysis found a high content of phenolic compounds in both extracts, and the in vitro antioxidant activity was significant. In vivo, M. recutita and Z. officinale extracts proved to be effective in increasing TAC and lowering oxidative stress markers, respectively, the TOS, OSI, MDA, and NO levels. The effects were dose-dependent, with the lower concentrations being more efficient antioxidants. Matricaria recutita and Z. officinale extract effects were as good as those of trolox and diclofenac. Conclusions: Treatment with M. recutita and Z. officinale alleviated inflammation-induced oxidative stress. These findings suggest that M. recutita and Z. officinale extracts could be a promising adjuvant antioxidant therapy in inflammatory diseases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Effect of Bioactive Compounds in Anti-inflammation)

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14 pages, 1994 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Lactobacillus plantarum L11 and Lactobacillus reuteri LR: Ameliorate Obesity via AMPK Pathway

by Shukun Liang, Jintao Sun, Xinshu Gu, Ya Zhao, Xiumin Wang, Hui Tao, Zhenlong Wang, Yougang Zhong, Jinquan Wang and Bing Han

Nutrients 2025, 17(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17010004 - 24 Dec 2024

Abstract

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to find the potential mechanism of two Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus plantarum L11 and Lactobacillus reuteri LR) on ameliorating obesity, including lipid metabolism and gut microbiota. The two isolates have been studied to have good characterization in [...] Read more.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to find the potential mechanism of two Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus plantarum L11 and Lactobacillus reuteri LR) on ameliorating obesity, including lipid metabolism and gut microbiota. The two isolates have been studied to have good characterization in vitro, but in vivo studies in modulating lipid metabolism and gut microbiota were not studied. Methods: In this study, mice with HFD supplemented with L11 or LR exhibited slower obesity progression, including reduced weight gain, abdominal fat accumulation, liver damage, inflammation, and adipose lesions. Results: Total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) in the serum were significantly reduced (p < 0.01). The inflammatory marker interleukin-6 (IL-6) notably decreased (p < 0.05). Both Lactobacillus strains altered the gut microbiota composition, increasing the relative abundance of Alistipes and Lactobacillus, while L11 also raised Lachnospiraceae abundance. Results of the Western blot analysis showed that L11 and LR influenced the PPAR and AMPK pathways. Conclusions: L11 and LR can effectively reduce obesity by modulating gut microbiota and activating the PPAR–AMPK pathway, leading to decreased liver injury and systemic inflammation in mice fed with an HFD. In the future, the two probiotics may provide a new way for clinically ameliorating obesity on human beings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition and Obesity)

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4 pages, 158 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Association Between Nutrition, Diet Quality, Dietary Patterns, and Human Health and Diseases

by Jean L. Fry and Kayla R. Anderson

Nutrients 2025, 17(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17010003 - 24 Dec 2024

Abstract

Establishing relationships between diet and human health is an active and critical area of research, and this Special Issue, “Association Between Nutrition, Diet Quality, Dietary Patterns, and Human Health and Diseases”, is a collection of research highlighting classic and emerging themes in this [...] Read more.

Establishing relationships between diet and human health is an active and critical area of research, and this Special Issue, “Association Between Nutrition, Diet Quality, Dietary Patterns, and Human Health and Diseases”, is a collection of research highlighting classic and emerging themes in this area [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Association between Nutrition, Diet Quality, Dietary Patterns, and Human Health and Diseases)

19 pages, 674 KiB

Open AccessReview

Ultra-Processed Food and Gut Microbiota: Do Additives Affect Eubiosis? A Narrative Review

by Antonio Bevilacqua, Barbara Speranza, Angela Racioppo, Antonella Santillo, Marzia Albenzio, Antonio Derossi, Rossella Caporizzi, Matteo Francavilla, Deborah Racca, Zina Flagella, Michele Andrea De Santis, Antonio Elia, Giulia Conversa, Luciana Luchetti, Milena Sinigaglia and Maria Rosaria Corbo

Nutrients 2025, 17(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17010002 - 24 Dec 2024

Abstract

The gut microbiota plays a key role in health and disease, but it could be affected by various factors (diet, lifestyle, environment, genetics, etc.). Focusing on diet, while the role of the different styles and choices (Mediterranean vs. Western diet, vegan or vegetarian [...] Read more.

The gut microbiota plays a key role in health and disease, but it could be affected by various factors (diet, lifestyle, environment, genetics, etc.). Focusing on diet, while the role of the different styles and choices (Mediterranean vs. Western diet, vegan or vegetarian diets) has been extensively studied, there are a few comprehensive papers on the effects of additives and food processing. Therefore, the main goal of this manuscript is to propose an overview of the link between ultra-processed foods and the gut microbiota based on papers and data available in the literature. The literature search was performed on PubMed and Clinicaltrials.gov, and after the selection of the most relevant articles, the paper proposes a synopsis of the effects of some classes of additives (sweeteners, preservatives, emulsifiers, glutamate, etc.), as well as of some treatments, on the gut microbiota and some pathological conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Prebiotics and Probiotics)

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11 pages, 489 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessing the Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods in People with Diabetes: Is a Specific NOVA Questionnaire Always Necessary?

by Giovanna D’Abbronzo, Cinzia Quaglia, Giuseppe Di Costanzo, Roberta Testa, Rosalba Giacco, Gabriele Riccardi, Olga Vaccaro and Marilena Vitale

Nutrients 2025, 17(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17010001 - 24 Dec 2024

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Despite the accumulating evidence on the detrimental impact of UPFs on health, a common limit of the available studies concerns the instruments used to collect information about the consumption of processed foods. Recently, a specific NOVA-FFQ was proposed for the evaluation of [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Despite the accumulating evidence on the detrimental impact of UPFs on health, a common limit of the available studies concerns the instruments used to collect information about the consumption of processed foods. Recently, a specific NOVA-FFQ was proposed for the evaluation of ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption, but it does not allow the simultaneous assessment of energy and nutrient intake. We evaluate the concordance between the NOVA-FFQ and a common questionnaire (EPIC-FFQ) when assessing (1) the intake of foods with different degrees of processing and (2) the relationship between diet composition and cardiometabolic profile. Methods: One hundred and thirty people with diabetes (70 men and 60 women) completed the NOVA-FFQ and the EPIC-FFQ in random order two weeks apart. Anthropometric and major cardiovascular risk factors were measured. Results: Non-significant differences were detected for processed culinary ingredients and processed foods; larger significant differences were observed for minimally processed foods and UPFs, which were somewhat underestimated by the EPIC-FFQ (−24% vs. −21%, respectively; p < 0.001). However, Bland–Altman plots showed intraindividual differences between the two questionnaires within an acceptable range, and the intraclass correlation showed a moderate consistency. Furthermore, the energy and nutrient composition of the diet and the metabolic parameters were comparable for people classified in the highest tertile of UPF consumption by either method. Conclusions: The NOVA-FFQ provides more detailed information on the consumption of UPF foods; however, the EPIC-FFQ is a valid alternative, particularly practical when the simultaneous assessment of the overall quality of the diet is needed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Nutritional Policies and Education for Health Promotion)

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14 pages, 583 KiB

Open AccessArticle

From Childhood Interpersonal Trauma to Binge Eating in Adults: Unraveling the Role of Personality and Maladaptive Regulation

by Lily Bellehumeur-Béchamp, Maxime Legendre and Catherine Bégin

Nutrients 2024, 16(24), 4427; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16244427 - 23 Dec 2024

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Binge eating (BE) is associated with physical and psychological consequences, such as obesity and reduced quality of life. The relationship between binge eating and childhood experiences of interpersonal trauma has been explored, yet few studies focus on the processes that may [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Binge eating (BE) is associated with physical and psychological consequences, such as obesity and reduced quality of life. The relationship between binge eating and childhood experiences of interpersonal trauma has been explored, yet few studies focus on the processes that may explain this association. In this regard, some personality traits and maladaptive cognitive-emotional regulation may help explain this relationship, as they have been associated, respectively, with BE and childhood interpersonal trauma. The purpose of this study is to explore the complex processes that link childhood interpersonal trauma and BE in a French-Canadian clinical adult population with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²). Methods: This cross-sectional study included 148 participants aged 21 to 72, predominantly women of White ethnic background with a university degree, who were seeking treatment for eating or weight-related issues. They completed self-report questionnaires assessing maltreatment and bullying, BE, maladaptive cognitive-emotional regulation, and personality. Two multiple mediation models were tested to examine the indirect effects of personality and maladaptive regulation in the relationship between bullying and BE, as well as between maltreatment and BE. Results: The results revealed a significant indirect relationship between maltreatment and binge eating (BE), with personality traits and maladaptive cognitive-emotional regulation partially explaining this association. No direct effect was found for bullying, but a significant total indirect effect indicated that personality traits and maladaptive cognitive-emotional regulation play a mediating role in the relationship between bullying and BE. Finaly, self-directedness was found as a unique and significant contributor in both mediation models. Conclusions: This study draws attention to the multiple contributing factors in the relationship between interpersonal trauma and BE in adults with obesity. Further research is needed to gain a deeper understanding of the role of personality and maladaptive cognitive-emotional regulation in this relationship by focusing on individuals’ experiences. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition and Public Health)

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