Cerebral ischemia is caused by perturbations in blood flow to the brain that trigger sequential and complex metabolic and cellular pathologies. This leads to brain tissue damage, including neuronal cell death and cerebral infarction, manifesting clin...
The study of an organism’s response to cerebral ischemia at different levels is essential to understanding the mechanism of the injury and protection. A great interest is devoted to finding the links between quantitative metabolic changes and p...
Cerebral ischemia refers to the symptom of insufficient blood supply to the brain. Cells of many different origins participate in the process of repairing damage after cerebral ischemia occurs, in which exosomes secreted by the cells play important r...
Cerebral ischemia is an acute disorder characterized by an abrupt reduction in blood flow that results in immediate deprivation of both glucose and oxygen. The main types of cerebral ischemia are ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. When a stroke occurs,...
The serine protease thrombin plays a role in signalling ischemic neuronal death in the brain. Paradoxically, endogenous neuroprotective mechanisms can be triggered by preconditioning with thrombin (thrombin preconditioning, TPC), leading to tolerance...
Progranulin (PGRN) plays a crucial role in diverse biological processes, including cell proliferation and embryonic development. PGRN can be cleaved by neutrophil elastase to release granulin (GRN). PGRN has been found to inhibit inflammation. Wherea...
Oxidative stress is a major pathological mechanism underlying ischemic stroke and contributes to neuronal injury, neuroinflammation, blood–brain barrier dysfunction, and chronic neurological sequelae. Although numerous experimental models of ce...
The temporary or permanent occlusion of cerebral blood vessels results in ischemic stroke (IS). Ischemia per se causes focal neuronal damage, and the subsequent ischemia–reperfusion injury that occurs after blood flow restoration further compro...
Cerebral ischemia impedes the functional or metabolic demands of the central nervous system (CNS), which subsequently leads to irreversible brain damage. While recanalization of blocked vessels recovers cerebral blood flow, it can also aggravate brai...
Cerebral ischemia injury, the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, initiates sequential molecular and cellular pathologies that underlie ischemic encephalopathy (IE), such as ischemic stroke, Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson’s d...
Scutellarein, the main metabolite of scutellarin in vivo, has relatively better solubility, bioavailability and bio-activity than scutellarin. However, compared with scutellarin, it is very difficult to obtain scutellarein from Nature. Therefore, the...
Caveolin is the principal protein of caveolae and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia. To investigate whether changed expression of caveolins has a pivotal role in focal cerebral ischemia, we induced middle cerebral artery oc...
The volatile anesthetic sevoflurane is capable of inducing preconditioning and postconditioning effects in the brain. In this study, we investigated the effects of sevoflurane postconditioning on antioxidant and immunity indexes in cerebral ischemia...
Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS) that mediates synaptic transmission. However, glutamate homeostasis among neural cells is broken in cerebral ischemia. Excessive glutamate triggers N-methyl-d-aspartate r...
To investigate the effect of 14,15-EET on the parthanatos in neurons induced by cerebral ischemia and reperfusion, middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) and oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) were used to simulate ce...
Isoflavones have been widely studied and have attracted extensive attention in fields ranging from chemotaxonomy and plant physiology to human nutrition and medicine. Isoflavones are often divided into three subgroups: simple O-substituted derivative...
The aim of this study was to explore the effect of picroside II on neuronal apoptosis and the expression of caspase-3 and poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) following middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion in male Wistar rats. Picroside II (10 m...
Stroke is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, with ischemic stroke accounting for the majority of these. HBA is the active ingredient in Gastrodia elata and has potential therapeutic effects on central nervous system diseases. In thi...
Progesterone (P4) is a neuroactive hormone having pleiotropic effects, supporting its pharmacological potential to treat global (cardiac-arrest-related) cerebral ischemia, a condition associated with an elevated risk of dementia. This review examines...
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a formidable obstacle for the delivery of therapeutic agents into the central nervous system. Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) has been shown to be effective in protecting cerebral ischemia. However, whether HSYA could...
Background/Objectives: Patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) experience functional impairment due to early brain injury and delayed complications. We aimed to clarify the association between cerebral edema and post-SAH infection. We...
Ischemic stroke is a common cerebrovascular disease with high mortality, high morbidity, and high disability. Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury seriously affects the quality of life of patients. Luteolin-7-O-β-d-glucuronide (LGU) is a major a...
(1) Background and Purpose: Global cerebral ischemia-induced severe hypoxic brain damage is one of the main causes of mortality and long-term neurologic disability even after receiving early blood reperfusion. This study aimed to test the hypothesis...
The air-dried aerial parts of Lavandula angustifolia Mill, a traditional Uygur herbal drug, is used as resuscitation-inducing therapy to treat neurodisfunctions, such as stroke. This study was designed to assess the neuroprotective effects of lavende...
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. The only pharmacological treatment available to date for cerebral ischemia is tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and the search for successful therapeutic strategies still remains...
Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) remains a challenging but very important condition, because DCI is preventable and treatable for improving functional outcomes after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The pathologies underlying DCI are multifac...
Ischemic stroke is a clinically common cerebrovascular disease whose main risks include necrosis, apoptosis and cerebral infarction, all caused by cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). Ischemia and reperfusion-induced injury or apoptosis inhibitio...
A disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a crucial pathophysiological change that can impact the outcome of a stroke. Ribosomal protein S6 (S6) and protein kinase B (Akt) play significant roles in early cerebral ischemia-reperfusion inj...
Ever since the hypothesis was put forward that estrogens could protect against cerebral ischemia, numerous studies have investigated the mechanisms of their effects. Despite initial studies showing ameliorating effects, later trials in both humans an...
This work evaluated the protective effects of betulinic acid (BA) in vitro cerebral ischemia/reperfusion and provides clues about its pharmacological mechanism. A rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was established to investigate the...
Inflammation and oxidative stress play an important part in the pathogenesis of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, resulting in neuronal death. The signaling pathways involved and the underlying mechanisms of these events are not fully...
This study investigated the neuroprotective effect of salvianolic acids (SA) against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, and explored whether the neuroprotection was dependent on mitochondrial connexin43 (mtCx43) via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/...
Mechanical thrombectomy has significantly improved outcomes for patients with large-vessel occlusion stroke. However, restoring the artery does not always re-establish full microvascular blood flow, tissue rescue, or a good neurological outcome. Isch...
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion is a complicated pathological process. The injury and cascade reactions caused by cerebral ischemia and reperfusion are characterized by high mortality, high recurrence, and high disability. However, only a limited numbe...
Background: Intracranial artery calcification detected on CT imaging is a recognized risk factor for ischemic cerebrovascular diseases, but the underlying etiology of this association remains unclear. Differences in objective morphometric characteris...
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a severe neurocritical condition often complicated by cerebral vasospasm (CVS), leading to delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) and significant morbidity and mortality. Despite advancements in management, thera...
Thymoquinone is one of the main components present in Nigella sativa seeds and is known to have various biological functions in inflammation, oxidative stress, tumors, aging, and in lowering blood glucose levels. Few studies have focused on its neuro...
In the pathological cascade of cerebral ischemia, the pyroptosis axis mediated by the NLRP3 inflammasome in activated microglia is a core link driving neuroinflammation and secondary brain injury. Quercetin has been proven to possess multi-target neu...
Ketone bodies (KBs), such as acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, serve as crucial alternative energy sources during glucose deficiency. KBs, generated through ketogenesis in the liver, are metabolized into acetyl-CoA in extrahepatic tissues, ent...
14 September 2023
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a type of hemorrhagic stroke resulting from the rupture of an arterial vessel within the brain. Unlike other stroke types, SAH affects both young adults (mid-40s) and the geriatric population. Patients with SAH often...
Transient global cerebral ischemia (tGCI) resulting from cardiac arrest causes selective neurodegeneration in hippocampal CA1 neurons. Although the effect is clear, the underlying mechanisms directing this process remain unclear. Previous studies hav...
Objectives: Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury is characterized by excessive oxidative stress and activation of apoptotic pathways, which play a central role in neuronal loss and poor neurological outcomes. Modulation of these mechanisms repre...
Exercise training is a neuroprotective strategy in cerebral ischemic injury, but the underlying mechanisms are not yet clear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of treadmill exercise pretreatment on the expression of mitochondrial dyna...
Glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity is a major cause of ischemic brain damage. MK-801 confers neuroprotection by attenuating the activation of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, but it failed in clinical use due to the short therapeutic window....
The activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) plays an important role in stroke outcomes. Tryptanthrin-6-oxime (TRYP-Ox) is reported to have high affinity for JNK and anti-inflammatory activity and may be of interest as a promising neuroprotective...
Oleanolic acid (OA), a bioactive ingredient of Panax ginseng, exhibits neuroprotective pharmacological effects. However, the protective role of OA in cerebral ischemia and involved mechanisms remain unclear. This study attempted to explore the therap...
Puerariae radix, the dried root of Pueraria lobata Ohwi, is one of earliest and most important edible crude herbs used for various medical purposes in Oriental medicine. The aim of the present study was to determine the anti-inflammatory effects of T...
Cerebral ischemia is a pathological condition characterized by complete blood and oxygen supply deprivation to neuronal tissue. The ischemic brain compensates for the rapid decline in ATP levels by increasing the anaerobic glycolysis rate, which lead...
Anethole (AN) is one of the major constituents of several plant oils, demonstrating plentiful pharmacological actions. Ischemic stroke is the main cause of morbidity and death worldwide, particularly since ischemic stroke therapeutic choices are inad...
Transient global cerebral ischemia causes delayed neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 region. It also induces an up regulation of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), which generates several metabolites of arachidonic acid, known as prostanoids, including Pro...
of 24