Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a small molecule currently approved and used in the treatment of psoriasis and multiple sclerosis due to its immuno-modulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. As an Nrf2 activator through Keap1 protein inhib...
Lysyl oxidases are multifunctional proteins derived from five lysyl oxidase paralogues (LOX) and lysyl oxidase-like 1 through lysyl oxidase-like 4 (LOXL1–LOXL4). All participate in the biosynthesis of and maturation of connective tissues by cat...
For the first time, mathematical models for evaluating biomedical images were obtained using fuzzy set methods on the basis of expert knowledge bases, thus making it possible to carry out complex qualitative diagnostics and increase the reliability a...
The TGF-β signaling pathway plays a crucial role in several key aspects of development and tissue homeostasis. TGF-β ligands and their mediators have been shown to be important regulators of ocular physiology and their dysregulation has bee...
The eye is a complex sensory organ that enables visual perception of the world. The dysfunction of any of these tissues can impair vision. Conduction studies on laboratory animals are essential to ensure the safety of therapeutic products directly ap...
Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) is a debilitating autoimmune condition often associated with thyroid dysfunction, leading to significant ocular and orbital morbidity. This review explores recent advancements in the management of TED, focusing on both medic...
Purpose: To investigate corneal densitometry artefacts found in Pentacam Scheimpflug scans and their potential effect on assessing keratoconic (KC) corneas compared to normal (N) corneas. Methods: The current study utilises Pentacam data of 458 N eye...
In the current study, using portable optical coherence tomography, we evaluated 46 corneas of 23 individuals in a multicenter setting during the first 17 h after death. Twenty-three eyes were kept open, and twenty three were kept closed. Furthermore,...
Glaucoma is a heterogenous, chronic, progressive group of eye diseases, which results in irreversible loss of vision. There are several types of glaucoma, whereas the primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) constitutes the most common type of glaucoma, ac...
Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disorder of the lacrimal system and ocular surface, characterized by a deficiency in the quality and/or quantity of the tear fluid. The multifactorial nature of DED encompasses a number of interconnected unde...
Objectives: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the simultaneous implantation of a monofocal capsular bag-fixated and a trifocal supplementary sulcus-fixated intraocular lens (duet procedure) in eyes with co-existing pathologies undergoing catarac...
Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides that are currently used in clinical trials due to their selectivity and specificity to bind small molecules such as proteins, peptides, viral particles, vitamins, metal ions and even whole cell...
Little is known about the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (TIMPs) in the vitreous and retinal environments. This study aimed to assess the vitreous levels of members of the MMP and TIMP families in patients who were sche...
The cellular-level visualization of retinal microstructures such as blood vessel wall components, not available with other imaging modalities, is provided with unprecedented details by dark-field imaging configurations; however, the interpretation of...
Background: Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune condition marked by significant dry eye disease (DED), leading to considerable corneal changes. These modifications, encompassing punctate epithelial erosions, chronic epithelial...
In vivo corneal confocal microscopy (IVCM) is a non-invasive ophthalmic imaging technique that provides images of the cornea at the cellular level. Despite the uses in ocular surface pathologies, in the last decades IVCM has been used to provide more...
Ocular diseases including glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration represent a growing global health burden, with current treatments often providing only symptomatic relief. Through an integrated approach combining preclini...
One of the key issues in medicine is quality assurance. It is essential to ensure the quality, consistency and validity of the various diagnostic processes performed. Today, the reproducibility and quality assurance of the analysis of digitized image...
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles ranging from 30 to 150 nm in diameter that contain proteins, nucleic acids and other molecules. Produced by virtually all cell types, they travel throughout the body until they reach their target, where they can tr...
Objective. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between thyroid pathology and visual acuity, including refraction disorders.
Material and methods. The data of visual acuity, refraction, and exophthalmos were analyzed, which were obtain...
Background/Objectives: To evaluate the clinical performance of two optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) devices, including a semi-automated device, with respect to image quality and pathology detection, with fluorescein angiography (FA) an...
Vision is one of the dominant senses in humans and eye health is essential to ensure a good quality of life. Therefore, there is an urgent necessity to identify effective therapeutic candidates to reverse the progression of different ocular pathologi...
Dry eye disease is a multifactorial pathology compromising the quality of life of patients, resulting in significant damage of the ocular surface and discomfort. The current therapeutical strategies are not able to definitively resolve the underlying...
Mechanical tissue stresses are important contributors to the increased risk of sight-threatening pathology in larger, more myopic eyes. The contribution of altered ocular vasculature to the development of this pathology is less well defined. The curr...
Circadian rhythm and the molecules involved in it, such as melanopsin and melatonin, play an important role in the eye to regulate the homeostasis and even to treat some ocular conditions. As a result, many ocular pathologies like dry eye, corneal wo...
Background: Dry eye disease (DED) is a chronic condition characterized by a decrease in tear production or an increase in tear evaporation, leading to inflammation and damage of the ocular surface. Dysfunction of ion channels, tear hyperosmolarity an...
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are known to have numerous beneficial effects, owing to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. From a metabolic standpoint, the mitochondria play a fundamental role in cellular homeostasis, and oxidativ...
The eye is a metabolically active structure, constantly exposed to solar radiations making its structure vulnerable to the high burden of reactive oxygen species (ROS), presenting many molecular interactions. The biomolecular cascade modification is...
The research on new treatments for dry eye diseases (DED) has exponentially grown over the past decades. The increased prevalence of dry eye conditions, particularly in the younger population, has received much attention. Therefore, it is of utmost i...
Sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) is a condition characterized by recurrent episodes of total or partial collapse of the upper respiratory tract associated with daytime drowsiness that cannot be explained by other factors. SAS is a pathology that can cause...
The possible interconnection between the eye and central nervous system (CNS) has been a topic of discussion for several years just based on fact that the eye is properly considered an extension of the brain. Both organs consist of neurons and derive...
Recent studies applying machine learning (ML) to saccade and vergence eye movements have demonstrated the ability to distinguish individuals with dyslexia, learning disorders, or attention disorders from healthy individuals or those with other pathol...
Given the expanding elderly population in the United States and the world, it is important to understand the processes underlying both natural and pathological age-related changes in the eye. Both the anterior and posterior segment of the eye undergo...
The technologies of ocular imaging modalities such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) have progressed remarkably. Of these in vivo imaging modalities, recently advanced OCT technology provides high-resolution images, e.g...
High myopia (HM) is defined as an axial length (AL) ≥ 26 mm that may result in various pathologies that constitute pathologic myopia (PM). The PLEX® Elite 9000 (Carl Zeiss AC, Jena, Germany) is a new swept-source optical coherence tomography (...
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Self-supervised learning (SSL) has gained significant attention in the past decade for its capacity to utilize non-annotated datasets to learn meaningful data representations. In the medical domain, the challenge of constructing large annotated datas...
The ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) is a fundamental process that regulates various biological functions, including immune response, cell cycle, oxidative stress, migration, and cellular proliferation. This system is responsible for the degra...
During development, thyroid hormones play an important role in eye development, while in adults, some pathological thyroid conditions can affect the normal functioning of the eyes. Thyroid eye disease is the most well-known eye pathology caused by a...
Autophagy is a catabolic process that ensures homeostasis in the cells of our organism. It plays a crucial role in protecting eye cells against oxidative damage and external stress factors. Ocular pathologies of high incidence, such as age-related ma...
This pilot study aims to investigate choroidal vascular status in eyes with adult-onset foveomacular vitelliform dystrophy (AOFVD), early age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and age-matched controls. In this retrospective study, choroidal thickne...
Vision is vital for daily activities, and yet the most common eye diseases—cataracts, DR, ARMD, and glaucoma—lead to blindness in aging eyes. Cataract surgery is one of the most frequently performed surgeries, and the outcome is typically...
Purpose: to investigate secondary glaucoma resulting from uveitis in a patient infected with Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) pathologically and discuss the management of glaucoma with recurrent uveitis. Clinical course: An octogenarian wo...
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are enzymes that decompose extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. MMPs are thought to play important roles in cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, migration, apoptosis, and host...
Background and Objectives: Intraretinal cysts are common pathology observed inspectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) in patients with neovascular form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The aim of the study was to determine if t...
Acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) is a rare disorder. We report a case of bilateral AMN in a young female patient, without any risk factors. She referred a positive scotoma in both eyes after flu-like symptoms. Fundus examination revealed parafove...
The world faces difficulties in terms of eye care, including treatment, quality of prevention, vision rehabilitation services, and scarcity of trained eye care experts. Early detection and diagnosis of ocular pathologies would enable forestall of vis...
The short bibliography referring to the anatomy and pathology of the eyeball of turtles poses a challenge for veterinarians and conservationists given the increasing presence of this type of turtle in veterinary and wildlife centres. Although they ne...
Uveitis refers to a broad group of inflammatory disorders of the eye that often require medical and surgical management to improve or stabilize vision and prevent vision-threatening pathological changes to the eye. Drug delivery to the eye to combat...
Primary enucleation of the eye with retinoblastoma is a widely accessible, life-saving treatment for retinoblastoma. This study evaluated the survival of patients following primary enucleation based on AJCC 8th edition staging. Included were 700 cons...
Pregnancy is a condition often characterized by changes that occur in different parts of the body. Generally, the eyes suffer several changes during pregnancy that are usually transient but may become permanent at times. This may occur due to the rel...
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