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13 pages, 446 KB

Open AccessReview

Lifestyle Interventions for the Treatment of Obesity in Workers: An Integrative Review

by Marcia Cristina Almeida Magalhães Oliveira, Julia Passo Machado Neto Viana, Sergio de Queiroz Braga and Magno Merces Weyll Pimentel

Obesities 2025, 5(4), 79; https://doi.org/10.3390/obesities5040079 - 11 Nov 2025

Abstract

Background: Obesity is a multifactorial disease with significant physical, psychological, and economic impacts on individuals and society. Workers are particularly vulnerable, as obesity is associated with reduced productivity, absenteeism, and premature mortality. Lifestyle interventions combining dietary, physical activity, and behavioural strategies have been [...] Read more.

Background: Obesity is a multifactorial disease with significant physical, psychological, and economic impacts on individuals and society. Workers are particularly vulnerable, as obesity is associated with reduced productivity, absenteeism, and premature mortality. Lifestyle interventions combining dietary, physical activity, and behavioural strategies have been investigated as therapeutic approaches in this population. Objective: We aimed to conduct an integrative review assessing the effectiveness of workplace-based obesity treatment models involving dietary interventions, physical activity, and behavioural change. Methods: A search was conducted in PubMed for studies published between 2006 and 2024, with no language restrictions. Eligible studies included experimental or quasi-experimental longitudinal designs involving adult workers. After screening 95 articles, 18 were evaluated in full, and 8 met all inclusion criteria. Data extraction covered study design, intervention type, comparators, outcomes, and methodological quality, assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Results: Half of the included studies reported no significant reduction in body mass index after 6 or 12 months, while the others showed only modest decreases. Nevertheless, all interventions demonstrated improvements in dietary habits (reduced sugar-sweetened beverage intake, increased fruit, vegetable, and fibre consumption), physical activity (increased walking, reduced sedentary behaviour), and behavioural domains (adherence to healthy routines, self-monitoring, and family or employer support). Conclusions: Lifestyle-based workplace interventions for obesity show limited long-term effectiveness in weight reduction but promote healthier lifestyle habits, cardiometabolic health, and more supportive work environments. Future research should include diverse socioeconomic settings, particularly in developing countries, and apply robust designs, longer follow-ups, and innovative strategies to enhance adherence and outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Obesity and Its Comorbidities: Prevention and Therapy)

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17 pages, 2363 KB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of Consecutive Dry Days in the MATOPIBA Region During the Rainy and Dry Seasons

by Daniele Tôrres Rodrigues, Flavia Ferreira Batista, Lara de Melo Barbosa Andrade, Helder José Farias da Silva, Jório Bezerra Cabral Júnior, Marcos Samuel Matias Ribeiro, Jean Souza dos Reis, Josiel dos Santos Silva, Fabrício Daniel dos Santos Silva and Claudio Moisés Santos e Silva

Atmosphere 2025, 16(11), 1284; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16111284 (registering DOI) - 11 Nov 2025

Abstract

Climate change and its impacts on precipitation patterns have intensified the occurrence of prolonged dry periods in agricultural regions of Brazil, particularly in the MATOPIBA region (comprising the states of Maranhão, Tocantins, Piauí, and Bahia). This study analyzes the seasonal variability and trends [...] Read more.

Climate change and its impacts on precipitation patterns have intensified the occurrence of prolonged dry periods in agricultural regions of Brazil, particularly in the MATOPIBA region (comprising the states of Maranhão, Tocantins, Piauí, and Bahia). This study analyzes the seasonal variability and trends of the Consecutive Dry Days (CDDs) index in the MATOPIBA region from 1981 to 2023. Daily precipitation data from the Brazilian Daily Weather Gridded Data (BR-DWGD) dataset were used for the analysis. The novelty of this work lies in its focus on the seasonal characterization of CDD across the entire MATOPIBA field of agriculture, addressing the following main research question: how have the frequency and persistence of dry spells evolved during the rainy and dry seasons over the past four decades? The methodology involved trend detection using the Mann–Kendall test and Sen’s Slope estimator. The results indicated that during the rainy season, the average CDD ranged from 20 to 60 days, with higher values concentrated in the states of Piauí and Bahia. In contrast, during the dry period, averages exceeded 100 days across most of the region. Trend analysis revealed a significant increase in CDD over extensive areas, particularly in Tocantins and Southern Bahia. The increasing trends were estimated at 1 to 4 days per decade during the rainy season and 4 to 14 days per decade in the dry period. Although a decreasing CDD trend was observed in small areas of Northern Maranhão, possibly associated with the influence of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, the overall scenario indicates a greater persistence of long dry spells. This pattern suggests an increase in vulnerability to water scarcity and agricultural losses. These findings highlight the need for implementing adaptation strategies, such as the use of drought-tolerant cultivars, conservation management practices, irrigation expansion, and public policies aimed at promoting climate resilience in the MATOPIBA region. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Climatology)

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32 pages, 1487 KB

Open AccessArticle

Trees, Deadwood and Tree-Related Microhabitats Explain Patterns of Alpha and Beta Saproxylic Beetle Diversity in Silver Fir-Beech Forests in Central Italy

by Francesco Parisi, Adriano Mazziotta and Davide Travaglini

Forests 2025, 16(11), 1715; https://doi.org/10.3390/f16111715 (registering DOI) - 11 Nov 2025

Abstract

Forest structure, including trees, deadwood and tree-related microhabitats, is a key determinant of forest biodiversity. Their relative contribution in shaping local (alpha) biodiversity and its variation (beta) between sites remains unclear. We assessed how forest characteristics shape alpha and beta diversity of beetle [...] Read more.

Forest structure, including trees, deadwood and tree-related microhabitats, is a key determinant of forest biodiversity. Their relative contribution in shaping local (alpha) biodiversity and its variation (beta) between sites remains unclear. We assessed how forest characteristics shape alpha and beta diversity of beetle communities in mixed silver fir–beech forests within the Vallombrosa Nature Reserve (Tuscany, Italy). We sampled 47 circular plots recording single-tree attributes, deadwood volume and decay stage, and the occurrence of tree-related microhabitats. Beetle assemblages were sur-veyed using window flight traps, yielding over 11,000 individuals belonging to 187 species, 20% of those known from central-southern Italian forests, 58% of which were listed in the Italian Red List of Saproxylic Beetles and 10% of which were threatened. Statistical models (GLMs and GDMs) revealed that alpha diversity was driven by fi-ne-scale features, including tree species composition, microhabitats (cavities, bark, ep-iphytes) and deadwood diversity. In contrast, beta diversity was shaped by stand structure and inter-stand heterogeneity. Our results highlight the need for conserva-tion strategies that simultaneously maintain tree-level heterogeneity and secure varia-tion across the landscape. Management should therefore combine retention of micro-habitats and diverse deadwood substrates with promotion of structurally diverse, mixed stands to sustain beetle diversity at multiple spatial scales. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Species Diversity and Habitat Conservation in Forest)

18 pages, 3309 KB

Open AccessArticle

C9ORF72 Is Pivotal to Maintain a Proper Protein Homeostasis in Mouse Skeletal Muscle

by Francesca Sironi, Paola Parlanti, Cassandra Margotta, Jessica Cassarà, Valentina Bonetto, Caterina Bendotti, Massimo Tortarolo and Valentina Cappello

Cells 2025, 14(22), 1765; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14221765 (registering DOI) - 11 Nov 2025

Abstract

The C9ORF72 gene mutation is a major cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Disease mechanisms involve both loss of C9ORF72 protein function and toxic effects from hexanucleotide repeat expansions. Although its role in neurons and the immune system is well studied, the impact [...] Read more.

The C9ORF72 gene mutation is a major cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Disease mechanisms involve both loss of C9ORF72 protein function and toxic effects from hexanucleotide repeat expansions. Although its role in neurons and the immune system is well studied, the impact of C9ORF72 deficiency on skeletal muscle is not yet well understood, despite muscle involvement being a key feature in ALS pathology linked to this mutation. This study examined skeletal muscle from C9ORF72 knockout mice and found a 19.5% reduction in large muscle fibers and altered fiber composition. Ultrastructural analysis revealed mitochondrial abnormalities, including smaller size, pale matrix, and disorganized cristae. Molecular assessments showed increased ex-pression of Atrogin-1, indicating elevated proteasomal degradation, and markers of enhanced autophagy, such as elevated LC3BII/LC3BI ratio, Beclin-1, and reduced p62. Mitochondrial quality control was impaired, with a 3.6-fold increase in PINK1, upreg-ulation of TOM20, reduced Parkin, and decreased PGC-1α, suggesting disrupted mi-tophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis. These changes led to the accumulation of damaged mitochondria. Overall, the study demonstrates that C9ORF72 is critical for maintaining muscle protein and mitochondrial homeostasis. While C9orf72-haploinsufficiency does not directly compromise muscle strength in mice, it may increase the vulnerability of skeletal muscle in C9ORF72-associated ALS. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Autophagy and Neurodegeneration: Unveiling Cellular Pathways in ALS and Beyond)

41 pages, 2320 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Dual-Method Analysis of P-DfMA Adoption in the AEC Industry Through the TOE Framework: Insights from Interviews and Policy Analysis

by Layla Mujahed, Gang Feng and Jianghua Wang

Buildings 2025, 15(22), 4063; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15224063 (registering DOI) - 11 Nov 2025

Abstract

The persistent fragmentation of the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry drives the pursuit of advanced and unified construction solutions. This study investigated the limited understanding and adoption of one of these solutions, the platform approach to design for manufacturing and assembly (P-DfMA) [...] Read more.

The persistent fragmentation of the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry drives the pursuit of advanced and unified construction solutions. This study investigated the limited understanding and adoption of one of these solutions, the platform approach to design for manufacturing and assembly (P-DfMA) within the AEC industry. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 design professionals from China and the UK to understand how they utilize this approach. Governmental policy documents were also analyzed to examine how they hinder or facilitate the adoption of P-DfMA. The results were mapped using the technology–organization–environment (TOE) framework. Challenges and adoption considerations were identified by a thematic analysis, supported by text-mining results from Voyant Tools, with the most frequent keywords visualized in charts. The findings indicate that P-DfMA adoption is conceptually fragmented within the AEC industry, with a gap between theory and practice. Technical limitations in organizational structuring and environmental misalignment hinder adoption. Challenges and considerations span five domains: design, digital, financial and procurement, organizational, and sustainability. This research offers novel insights gained by integrating multi-layered analyses of construction practice interviews and policy perspectives within the TOE framework, along with timely insights into the socio-technical dynamics shaping the future of the industry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Architectural Design, Urban Science, and Real Estate)

17 pages, 1732 KB

Open AccessArticle

Adaptation Mechanisms of Understory Vegetation in Subtropical Plantations: Synergistic Drivers of Stand Spatial Structure and Soil Fertility

by Fenglin Zheng, Dehao Lu, Wenyi Ou, Sha Tan, Xiongjian Xu, Shucai Zeng and Lihua Xian

Plants 2025, 14(22), 3452; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14223452 (registering DOI) - 11 Nov 2025

Abstract

Understory vegetation plays a pivotal role in enhancing forest biodiversity, and its restoration is crucial for sustainable forest development, energy flow, and nutrient cycling. However, the dynamics of the biomass, diversity, and species composition of understory vegetation in plantations in south China, along [...] Read more.

Understory vegetation plays a pivotal role in enhancing forest biodiversity, and its restoration is crucial for sustainable forest development, energy flow, and nutrient cycling. However, the dynamics of the biomass, diversity, and species composition of understory vegetation in plantations in south China, along with their key drivers, remain poorly understood. This study investigated four mature plantation types (Pinus massoniana, Pinus caribaea, Cunninghamia lanceolata, and mixed Chinese fir–broadleaf forests) in south China through plot surveys, environmental factor measurements, and structural equation modeling (SEM) to explore the diversity, biomass allocation patterns, and driving mechanisms of understory vegetation. The results demonstrated the following. (1) The introduced Caribbean pine forests exhibited higher shrub biomass than native Masson pine forests, which was driven by their high canopy openness favoring light-demanding species (e.g., Melicope pteleifolia, IV = 33.93%), but their low mingling degree limited herb diversity. (2) Masson pine forests showed superior shrub diversity due to their random spatial distribution and higher soil total potassium (TK) content. (3) Mixed Chinese fir–broadleaf forests achieved 24.50–66.06% higher herb biomass compared to coniferous monocultures, supported by high mingling degree, random spatial configuration, and phosphorus-potassium-enriched soil, with concurrently improved herb diversity. SEM revealed that stand structure (DBH, density, mingling degree) directly drove shrub diversity by regulating light availability, while herb biomass was primarily governed by soil total phosphorus (TP) and pH. Canopy-induced light suppression negatively affected herb diversity. We recommend optimizing stand density and canopy structure through thinning and pruning to enhance light heterogeneity alongside supplementing slow-release P fertilizers in P-deficient stands. This study provides theoretical support for the multi-objective management of south China plantations, emphasizing the synergistic necessity of stand structure optimization and soil amendment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Forest Environment and Ecology)

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51 pages, 33688 KB

Open AccessArticle

Multi-Strategy Improved POA for Global Optimization Problems and 3D UAV Path Planning

by Rui Zhang, Jingbo Zhan and Jianfeng Wang

Biomimetics 2025, 10(11), 760; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics10110760 (registering DOI) - 11 Nov 2025

Abstract

With the rapid development of smart manufacturing and the low-altitude economy, drone technology—as a vital component of next-generation intelligent equipment—has garnered significant attention from researchers. Path planning, one of the core challenges in drone technology advancement, directly impacts the efficiency and safety of [...] Read more.

With the rapid development of smart manufacturing and the low-altitude economy, drone technology—as a vital component of next-generation intelligent equipment—has garnered significant attention from researchers. Path planning, one of the core challenges in drone technology advancement, directly impacts the efficiency and safety of drone mission execution. However, most existing drone path planning algorithms suffer from issues such as requiring extensive interactive information or being prone to getting stuck in local optima. This study introduces a multi-strategy enhanced Pelican Optimization Algorithm (MIPOA) tailored for UAV path planning. To improve the quality of the initial population, a hybrid initialization approach combining low-discrepancy sequences with heuristic refinement is developed. The low-discrepancy component promotes a more uniform distribution across the search space, while the heuristic mechanism enhances the fitness of selected individuals and reduces redundant exploration. Furthermore, a subgroup mean-guided updating strategy is designed to accelerate convergence toward the global optimum. To maintain exploration ability, a random reinitialization boundary mechanism is incorporated, effectively preventing premature convergence. To validate the algorithm’s performance, MIPOA is compared with eleven benchmark metaheuristics on the CEC2017 test suite, and statistical analyses confirm its superior optimization capability. Finally, MIPOA is applied to 3D UAV path planning under four threat scenarios in a realistic environment, demonstrating robust adaptability and achieving successful mission completion. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploration of Bio-Inspired Computing: 2nd Edition)

14 pages, 232 KB

Open AccessArticle

Active Surveillance of Adverse Events Following Influenza Immunization in Jiangsu Province, China: A 2019–2023 Retrospective Study

by Zhiguo Wang, Sufang Wu, Xun Li, Ran Hu, Jing Yu, Borong Xu, Yuanyuan Zhu and Poning Liu

Vaccines 2025, 13(11), 1154; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13111154 (registering DOI) - 11 Nov 2025

Abstract

Background: Influenza vaccines have been administered in Jiangsu Province. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive retrospective analysis of influenza vaccine safety in the region from 2019 to 2023. Methods: Data were sourced from the Chinese National Adverse Events Following Immunization Information System [...] Read more.

Background: Influenza vaccines have been administered in Jiangsu Province. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive retrospective analysis of influenza vaccine safety in the region from 2019 to 2023. Methods: Data were sourced from the Chinese National Adverse Events Following Immunization Information System (CNAEFIS) and Jiangsu Provincial Electronic Immunization Registries System (JSEIRS) systems. A comprehensive retrospective analysis was performed to calculate the incidence rates of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) and to identify potential safety signals through disproportionality analysis. Results: Out of 4,906,905 administered doses, 2080 AEFI cases were reported, yielding an overall incidence rate of 42.39 per 1,000,000 doses. Significantly higher rates were observed in children aged 6–35 months (71.03 per 1,000,000) and among recipients of trivalent vaccines (52.79 per 1,000,000) compared to quadrivalent vaccines (36.03 per 1,000,000). The vast majority of AEFIs were mild, common adverse reactions (94.47%, predominantly fever and local reactions), occurring predominantly within one day post-vaccination, while disproportionality analysis identified expected signals for common adverse reactions and rare local purulent infections. Conclusions: Overall, the findings affirm the vaccine’s favorable safety profile, align with pre-marketing data, and underscore the critical role of continuous post-marketing surveillance in maintaining public confidence and monitoring the safety of both established and new vaccine formulations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Influenza Virus Vaccines)

18 pages, 5250 KB

Open AccessArticle

Assessment of Accuracy of COSMIC and KOMPSAT GNSS Radio Occultation Temperature and Pressure Measurements over the Philippines

by Karl Philippe A. Descalzo and Ernest P. Macalalad

Atmosphere 2025, 16(11), 1285; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16111285 (registering DOI) - 11 Nov 2025

Abstract

Radio occultation (RO) is a technique used for measuring planetary atmosphere properties by orbiting satellites, like temperature, pressure, and water vapor. Typically using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals, this technique is often assessed with atmospheric properties measured by radiosonde (RS) stations around [...] Read more.

Radio occultation (RO) is a technique used for measuring planetary atmosphere properties by orbiting satellites, like temperature, pressure, and water vapor. Typically using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals, this technique is often assessed with atmospheric properties measured by radiosonde (RS) stations around the world. The aim of this study is to assess the radio occultation temperature and pressure profiles from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate 2 (COSMIC-2) and Korean Multi-purpose Satellite 5 (KOMPSAT-5) satellites using data from collocated radiosonde stations over the Philippines. Their deviations are analyzed using their mean and standard deviations. COSMIC-2 and KOMPSAT-5 temperature and pressure from the atmPrf product are in good agreement with radiosondes above 5–10 km, where moisture is negligible. COSMIC-2 has good agreement with radiosonde stations in 2020. KOMPSAT-5 has good agreement with radiosonde stations in 2019–2020. For both satellites, the deviations are larger within the lower troposphere, compared to heights above ~5–10 km. For both years, KOMPSAT-5 deviations are higher during the summer season until 10 km. For COSMIC-2, deviations are higher during the summer and autumn seasons. The quality of these results shows COSMIC and KOMPSAT as possible high-quality applications for weather prediction. In addition to providing comparable high-precision data, radio occultation can provide more dense coverage of areas without radiosondes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Atmospheric Techniques, Instruments, and Modeling (2nd Edition))

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30 pages, 11826 KB

Open AccessArticle

Expression of Dystroglycanopathy-Related Enzymes, POMGNT2 and POMGNT1, in the Mammalian Retina and 661W Cone-like Cell Line

by Cristina Quereda, Violeta Gómez-Vicente, Mercedes Palmero and José Martín-Nieto

Biomedicines 2025, 13(11), 2759; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13112759 (registering DOI) - 11 Nov 2025

Abstract

Background. Dystroglycanopathies (DGPs) constitute a set of recessive, neuromuscular congenital dystrophies that result from impaired glycosylation of dystroglycan (DG). These disorders typically course with CNS alterations, which, alongside gradual muscular dystrophy, may include brain malformations, intellectual disability and a panoply of ocular defects. [...] Read more.

Background. Dystroglycanopathies (DGPs) constitute a set of recessive, neuromuscular congenital dystrophies that result from impaired glycosylation of dystroglycan (DG). These disorders typically course with CNS alterations, which, alongside gradual muscular dystrophy, may include brain malformations, intellectual disability and a panoply of ocular defects. In this process, the protein products of 22 genes, collectively dubbed DGP-associated genes, directly or indirectly participate sequentially along a complex, branched biosynthetic pathway. POMGNT2 and POMGNT1 are two enzymes whose catalytic activity consists of transferring the same substrate, a molecule of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) to a common substrate, the O-mannosylated α subunit of DG. Despite their presumptive role in retinal homeostasis, there are currently no reports describing their expression pattern or function in this tissue. Purpose. This work focuses on POMGNT2 and POMGNT1 expression in the mammalian retina, and on the characterization of their distribution across retinal layers, and in the 661W photoreceptor cell line. Methods. The expression of POMGNT2 protein in different mammalian species’ retinas, including those of mice, rats, cows and monkeys, was assessed by immunoblotting. Additionally, POMGNT2 and POMGNT1 distribution profiles were analyzed using immunofluorescence confocal microscopy in retinal sections of monkeys and mice, and in 661W cultured cells. Results. Expression of POMGNT2 was detected in the neural retina of all species studied, being present in both cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of the monkey and mouse, and in 661W cells. In the cytoplasm, POMGNT2 was concentrated in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and/or Golgi complex, depending on the species and cell type, whereas POMGNT1 accumulated only in the Golgi complex in both monkey and mouse retinas. Additionally, both proteins were present in the nucleus of the 661W cells, concentrating in the euchromatin and heterochromatin, as well as in nuclear PML and Cajal bodies, and nuclear speckles. Conclusions. Our results are indicative that POMGNT2 and POMGNT1 participate in the synthesis of O-mannosyl glycans added to α-dystroglycan in the ER and/or Golgi complex in the cytoplasm of mammalian retinal cells. Also, they could play a role in the modulation of gene expression at the mRNA level, which remains to be established, in a number of nuclear compartments in transformed retinal neurons. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Inherited Retinal Diseases: From Pathomolecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Strategies, 2nd Edition)

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14 pages, 2615 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Particle-Based Model of Endothelial Cell Dynamics in the Extracellular Matrix

by Kazuma Sakai, Tatsuya Hayashi, Jun Mada and Tetsuji Tokihiro

Complexities 2025, 1(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/complexities1010003 (registering DOI) - 11 Nov 2025

Abstract

Branching structures such as vascular networks are representative morphological patterns in living systems, and they often arise from collective cell migration. Angiogenesis, the sprouting of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones, is a fundamental process in development. Experimental and theoretical studies have demonstrated [...] Read more.

Branching structures such as vascular networks are representative morphological patterns in living systems, and they often arise from collective cell migration. Angiogenesis, the sprouting of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones, is a fundamental process in development. Experimental and theoretical studies have demonstrated that sprout formation depends on the collective movements and shapes of endothelial cells, as well as the remodelling of the extracellular matrix. Many discrete models have been proposed to describe cell dynamics, successfully reproducing vascular patterns and collective behaviours. In this study, we present a two-dimensional mathematical model that represents each endothelial cell as an ellipse and incorporates the effects of the extracellular matrix. We performed computer simulations under two scenarios: invasion from a pre-formed sprout and collective advancement into an extracellular matrix region. The results show that the extracellular matrix helps maintain linear sprout extension and suppresses the formation of dispersed or curved branches, while elongated cell shapes promote sprouting more effectively than round cells. The model also reproduces experimentally observed behaviours such as tip-cell replacement and the mixing of cells within sprouts. These findings highlight the importance of integrating cell shape and extracellular matrix remodelling to understand early blood vessel formation. Full article

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18 pages, 1862 KB

Open AccessArticle

An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-Based Methane Quantification Method for Oil and Gas Sites

by Degang Xu, Chen Wang, Tao Gu, Zi Long, Hui Luan, Zhihe Tang, Xuan Wang and Yinfei Liu

Drones 2025, 9(11), 785; https://doi.org/10.3390/drones9110785 (registering DOI) - 11 Nov 2025

Abstract

This study presents a novel top-down approach to quantify diffuse methane (CH₄) emissions at oil and gas well sites. It uses an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with a scanning–sampling tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) CH₄ measurement instrument. By [...] Read more.

This study presents a novel top-down approach to quantify diffuse methane (CH₄) emissions at oil and gas well sites. It uses an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with a scanning–sampling tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) CH₄ measurement instrument. By integrating the top-down emission rate retrieval algorithm (TERRA) and adopting concentric circular sampling, the method aims to overcome the limitations of traditional ground-based measurements. The UAV system was deployed at 11 oil and gas sites in the Changqing Oilfield. The results show that the average CH₄ emission rate detected by the UAV is 1.425 kg/h (excluding non-detected samples), which is larger than the 1.061 kg/h obtained from ground-based onsite direct measurement. This discrepancy may be because the UAV’s scanning–sampling capability can cover a larger area, capturing scattered or hidden diffuse emission sources that might be missed by ground-based onsite direct measurement. The study demonstrates that the UAV-based approach with a scanning–sampling TDLAS CH₄ measurement instrument, integrated with the TERRA and concentric circular sampling, is effective in capturing diffuse CH₄ emissions at oil and gas well sites, providing a viable method for large-scale and efficient monitoring of such emissions. This approach could provide an effective pathway for large-scale, efficient, and cost-effective monitoring of methane emissions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Drones in Ecology)

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24 pages, 6505 KB

Open AccessArticle

Design and Prototype of L-CADEL.v5 Elbow Assisting Device

by Sergei Kotov and Marco Ceccarelli

Designs 2025, 9(6), 126; https://doi.org/10.3390/designs9060126 (registering DOI) - 11 Nov 2025

Abstract

A new version of the L-CADEL elbow joint assisting device is presented as version v5. The design is revised based on the experience of previous versions and on the requirements that consider the application for physical exercise for the elderly people at home. [...] Read more.

A new version of the L-CADEL elbow joint assisting device is presented as version v5. The design is revised based on the experience of previous versions and on the requirements that consider the application for physical exercise for the elderly people at home. A laboratory prototype has been created with lightweight, portable and easy-to-use functionality that is confirmed by lab test results. A web interface was developed to manage the device as well as to acquire and elaborate data. Results of lab tests are discussed to validate the design feasibility and to characterize the operation performance for future clinical assessments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Bioengineering Design)

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29 pages, 685 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Geopolitical Risk on the Volatility of Wheat Futures: A Quantile ARDL Approach

by Roland Amagbo, Hélyette Geman and Ilaria Peri

Commodities 2025, 4(4), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/commodities4040028 (registering DOI) - 11 Nov 2025

Abstract

This study looks at the impact of geopolitical risk on the volatility of wheat futures returns over the period 2012–2023, while controlling for inventories, shipping rates, and speculative activity. Using the volatility of CBOT first nearby futures returns, we apply a quantile regression [...] Read more.

This study looks at the impact of geopolitical risk on the volatility of wheat futures returns over the period 2012–2023, while controlling for inventories, shipping rates, and speculative activity. Using the volatility of CBOT first nearby futures returns, we apply a quantile regression approach to assess the impact of the variables on different parts of the volatility distribution. More specifically, we adopt the Quantile Autoregressive Distributed Lag (QARDL) model, which allows for examining the dynamic short- and long-run effects. We find that geopolitical risk has a non-linear, large positive effect on the top quartile of the distribution of wheat futures returns. We also show that the response of the volatility of wheat futures to shocks in the control variables is mostly non-linear across the conditional quantiles, significant in the tails and not around the median. Full article

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18 pages, 6194 KB

Open AccessArticle

Pseudo-Partial-Power Switch-Multiplexed Resonant Converter with Wide Voltage Gain

by Xiaoying Chen, Zehong Yao, Yizhan Zhuang and Yiming Zhang

Energies 2025, 18(22), 5939; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18225939 (registering DOI) - 11 Nov 2025

Abstract

Full-bridge resonant converters have gained widespread adoption due to their excellent performance characteristics. However, these converters face limitations in terms of gain expansion. To address this issue, this paper proposes a switch-multiplexed resonant converter with wide voltage gain. By employing an auxiliary capacitor [...] Read more.

Full-bridge resonant converters have gained widespread adoption due to their excellent performance characteristics. However, these converters face limitations in terms of gain expansion. To address this issue, this paper proposes a switch-multiplexed resonant converter with wide voltage gain. By employing an auxiliary capacitor and inductor, the converter can achieve pseudo partial power processing and effectively expand its voltage gain. To regulate the voltage of the converter, the duty cycle of the switching devices is designed to be modulated, which is different from the conventional resonant converter. By optimizing the design parameters, the resonant current of converter can operate in discontinuous current mode (DCM), eliminating reverse recovery losses and/or minimizing reactive current. All switching devices achieve soft switching, thereby removing switching losses and further enhancing efficiency. Finally, a 1 kW prototype is built to validate the effectiveness of the proposed converter. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design and Control Strategies for Wide Input Range DC-DC Converters)

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12 pages, 453 KB

Open AccessReview

Placebo in Functional Neurological Disorders: Promise and Controversy

by Natalia Szejko, Ali Abusrair, Tomasz Pasierski, Simon Schmitt, Catharina Cramer, Tomasz Pietrzykowski, Anna Dunalska, Kamila Saramak, Katarzyna Śmiłowska, Tereza Serranova and Kirsten R. Müller-Vahl

Healthcare 2025, 13(22), 2863; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13222863 (registering DOI) - 11 Nov 2025

Abstract

Placebo, nocebo, and lessebo effects are very frequent in patients with both neurological and psychiatric disorders. Interestingly, the neural mechanisms underlying placebo effects have been found to be the same as or similar to mechanisms targeted by active pharmaceutical interventions for many of [...] Read more.

Placebo, nocebo, and lessebo effects are very frequent in patients with both neurological and psychiatric disorders. Interestingly, the neural mechanisms underlying placebo effects have been found to be the same as or similar to mechanisms targeted by active pharmaceutical interventions for many of these disorders. In the case of functional neurological disorders (FNDs), there are shared neural substrates between the central nervous system “placebo network” and the dysfunctional networks implicated in the pathophysiology. These networks are primarily involved in emotion regulation, stress responses, and the sense of self-agency. Therefore, placebo effects have also been discussed as therapeutic interventions in FNDs. Such an approach, however, has a variety of ethical implications evolving around informed consent, autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, and justice. In this paper, we discuss the use of placebo, nocebo, and lessebo in FNDs as well as related ethical issues. Overall, the use of placebo in FNDs is currently still considered controversial both for diagnostic as well as therapeutic purposes. Although it is a safe and almost unique intervention, its use violates the core principles of medical ethics and doctor–patient interactions involving autonomy or openness in the therapeutic relationship. Full article

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15 pages, 6108 KB

Open AccessArticle

Handheld Nonthermal Plasma Augmentation of Glass–Ceramic Spray Deposition on Zirconia Surface Characterization and MG-63/HGF-1 Cell Behavior: An In Vitro Study

by Sheng-Han Wu, Szu-Yu Lai, I-Ta Lee, Yuichi Mine, Huei-Yu Huang and Tzu-Yu Peng

J. Funct. Biomater. 2025, 16(11), 421; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb16110421 (registering DOI) - 11 Nov 2025

Abstract

Zirconia is widely used for customized implant abutments owing to its esthetics, strength, and biocompatibility; however, the optimal surface modification for soft-tissue sealing and bone metabolic remains uncertain. This study evaluated how glass–ceramic spray deposition (GCSD), with or without handheld nonthermal plasma (HNP), [...] Read more.

Zirconia is widely used for customized implant abutments owing to its esthetics, strength, and biocompatibility; however, the optimal surface modification for soft-tissue sealing and bone metabolic remains uncertain. This study evaluated how glass–ceramic spray deposition (GCSD), with or without handheld nonthermal plasma (HNP), alters zirconia surface physiochemistry and cellular responses. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, surface roughness (Ra), wettability, and surface free energy (SFE) were measured. Human osteoblast-like cells (MG-63) and human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1) were used to assess attachment and spreading, metabolic activity, cytotoxicity, and inflammatory response (tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α) (α = 0.05). GCSD produced an interlaced rod- and needle-like glass–ceramic layer, significantly increasing Ra and hydrophilicity. HNP further reduced surface contaminants, increased SFE, and enhanced wettability. The combination of GCSD and HNP yielded the greatest attachment and spreading for both cell types, without increases in cytotoxicity or TNF-α. GCSD with HNP creates a hydrophilic, micro-textured, chemically activated zirconia surface that maintains biocompatibility while promoting early attachment and bone metabolic activity, supporting its application for zirconia implant abutments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Dental Restorative Composite Materials)

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12 pages, 579 KB

Open AccessArticle

Acute Effects of Isometric Conditioning Activity with Different Rest Intervals Between Sets on Countermovement Jump Performance in Resistance-Trained Participants

by Agata Latocha, Piotr Misiak, Michał Krzysztofik and Jakub Jarosz

Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(22), 11989; https://doi.org/10.3390/app152211989 (registering DOI) - 11 Nov 2025

Abstract

This study investigated the acute effects of different rest intervals between sets of isometric conditioning activity (ICA) on countermovement jump (CMJ) performance. Fifteen resistance-trained males completed four conditions: three ICA protocols with 1, 2, or 3 min rest intervals between sets and a [...] Read more.

This study investigated the acute effects of different rest intervals between sets of isometric conditioning activity (ICA) on countermovement jump (CMJ) performance. Fifteen resistance-trained males completed four conditions: three ICA protocols with 1, 2, or 3 min rest intervals between sets and a control condition (CTRL). ICA was performed in the half-squat position at a 90° knee angle against an immovable barbell, with each protocol consisting of three sets of short maximal voluntary isometric contractions (3 × 3 s per set). CMJ performance was assessed before and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 min after ICA or CTRL. The results showed no significant effects of the ICA or rest interval on CMJ height or relative peak power. However, independent of rest duration, ICA induced transient alterations in jump mechanics, characterized by decreased stiffness at 9 min and reduced eccentric peak velocity at 6–12 min post-ICA. Similar fluctuations were observed in the CTRL condition, suggesting that these changes may reflect time-dependent variability rather than specific potentiation effects. In conclusion, the studied ICA protocols did not enhance CMJ height or power output, and the length of the rest interval did not influence the outcomes, indicating limited applicability of this approach in resistance-trained males. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Sport Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism)

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50 pages, 3321 KB

Open AccessArticle

Residents’ Acceptance of Shared Autonomous Vehicles (SAVs) and Its Impact on Community Parking Demand Under Urban Regeneration: The Case of the Qintai Community in Wuhan, China

by Yujie Zhang, Yuan Zhuang, Rui Li and Jiayue Qi

Buildings 2025, 15(22), 4064; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15224064 (registering DOI) - 11 Nov 2025

Abstract

Rapid urbanization and limited land resources have intensified parking shortages in China’s core and old urban districts, highlighting the tension between parking supply and public space. This study investigates the staged impacts of shared autonomous vehicles (SAVs) on private car ownership and parking [...] Read more.

Rapid urbanization and limited land resources have intensified parking shortages in China’s core and old urban districts, highlighting the tension between parking supply and public space. This study investigates the staged impacts of shared autonomous vehicles (SAVs) on private car ownership and parking demand within the context of urban renewal. Using a case study of Qintai Community in Wuhan, we combined resident surveys (135 valid samples), on-site parking facility assessments, and demand forecasting models to evaluate changes in parking requirements across different timeframes. Results indicate that SAVs can substantially reduce private car ownership and reshape parking demand structures, with short-term transitional pressures followed by long-term demand contractions. Furthermore, SAV adoption offers opportunities to reallocate parking land for multifunctional urban uses, alleviating land-use conflicts in high-density neighborhoods. The findings contribute to a dynamic framework for staged parking optimization, integrating technological innovation with community-level urban renewal strategies. This study underscores the importance of linking residents’ behavioral shifts with infrastructure adaptation, providing evidence-based guidance for sustainable urban transport and space management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue People-Centered Livability: Reconciling Subjective Well-Being with Urban and Rural Spatial Structures)

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19 pages, 2031 KB

Open AccessArticle

Functional and In Silico Characterization of ALPL Gene Variants Reveals Genotype–Phenotype Correlations in Italian Hypophosphatasia Patients

by Giulia Casamassima, Anna Maria Grieco, Tommaso Biagini, Giorgia Buono, Luigia Cinque, Flavia Pugliese, Francesco Pio Guerra, Francesco Petrizzelli, Mario Mastroianno, Tommaso Mazza, Marco Castori, Alfredo Scillitani and Vito Guarnieri

Cells 2025, 14(22), 1768; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14221768 (registering DOI) - 11 Nov 2025

Abstract

Background. Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare genetic disorder caused by impaired tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (ALPL/TNSALP) activity that impacts the musculoskeletal and neurological systems. It is extremely variable, with up to six forms of increasing severity. The large phenotypic variability and the still [...] Read more.

Background. Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare genetic disorder caused by impaired tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (ALPL/TNSALP) activity that impacts the musculoskeletal and neurological systems. It is extremely variable, with up to six forms of increasing severity. The large phenotypic variability and the still remaining high number of variants of uncertain significance (VUS) in the ALPL gene represent a conundrum for clinicians dealing with people suspected to be suffering from HPP. Methods. We applied a multi-faceted bench-based and high-throughput bioinformatics analysis to investigate the effect of 21 ALPL variants (18 deleterious—pathogenic or likely pathogenic—and 3 VUS) on the structure and function of the mutated encoded protein. The results were compared with available clinical and biochemical data. Results. Most variants were downregulated or not expressed by Western blot analysis. Impairment of the enzymatic activity was confirmed in vitro for all variants by a specific colorimetric enzymatic assay. In silico prediction was in line with functional data and allowed for preliminary categorization of variants based on their impact on both the overall stability of the protein complex and local structural alterations. Coherence among bioinformatics, experimental and clinical data was documented for more than 70% of the variants. Conclusions. Functional and in silico characterizations of ALPL variants in people with a suspicion of HPP offer integrative strategies to genotyping in assisting clinicians for diagnosis confirmation in doubtful cases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Cellular Metabolism)

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21 pages, 564 KB

Open AccessArticle

How Women with Endometriosis Use Social Media for Support and Self-Management: An Analysis of Reddit Content

by Alaina Loughran, Kirstie Daken, Carol du Plessis and Amy B. Mullens

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(11), 1706; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22111706 (registering DOI) - 11 Nov 2025

Abstract

Women with endometriosis often experience insufficient knowledge and support regarding their condition within the healthcare system. Women use social media to obtain information, share personal experiences, and establish connections with others. This study examined how women with endometriosis-like symptoms use Reddit to seek [...] Read more.

Women with endometriosis often experience insufficient knowledge and support regarding their condition within the healthcare system. Women use social media to obtain information, share personal experiences, and establish connections with others. This study examined how women with endometriosis-like symptoms use Reddit to seek support and acquire knowledge for self-management, with three research questions guided by the Information–Motivation–Behavioural skills model. A total of 194 threads were analysed from the r/endo subreddit, and a reflexive thematic analysis was conducted. Three overarching themes were identified (information, motivation, and behavioural skills) and six subthemes emerged from the data (endometriosis experience, endometriosis medical care, personal life impacts, social existence impacts, management strategies negative, and management strategies positive). Findings highlight that Reddit functions as a source of shared knowledge, symptom validation, emotional support, supplementing gaps in traditional healthcare services. This study provides insights into how healthcare systems and professionals can support women with endometriosis, including timely diagnosis and management strategies, in addition to a framework for an endometriosis Information–Motivation–Behavioural skills model. Future research could expand on study findings by implementing this conceptualised model in a mixed-methods context to gain insight into women’s endometriosis experiences within healthcare systems to understand how they can be empowered and supported. Full article

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22 pages, 2157 KB

Open AccessArticle

Sponges as Habitat Formers on Mesophotic, Soft-Substrate Seafloors of the Eastern Mediterranean

by Caterina Stamouli, Vasilis Gerovasileiou and Eleni Voultsiadou

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(11), 2132; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13112132 (registering DOI) - 11 Nov 2025

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the ecological role of sponges as habitat formers on soft-bottom habitats of the mesophotic zone. As habitat formers, sponges significantly enhance benthic habitat complexity and establish associations with a plethora of organisms consequently augmenting local biodiversity. This role [...] Read more.

This study aims to investigate the ecological role of sponges as habitat formers on soft-bottom habitats of the mesophotic zone. As habitat formers, sponges significantly enhance benthic habitat complexity and establish associations with a plethora of organisms consequently augmenting local biodiversity. This role becomes particularly critical in areas subjected to intensive bottom trawling, where sponges often comprise a substantial portion of the discarded material. The examination of 114 massive sponge specimens, belonging to 10 sponge species, which were collected as bycatch from bottom trawls in the Aegean and Ionian ecoregions, revealed a total of over 4600 associated individuals of 78 invertebrate taxa, with crustaceans, mollusks, and polychaetes being the dominant groups. The composition of sponge-associated communities showed strong similarities to previously reported cases from shallow water hard substrates of the eastern Mediterranean, while displaying host-specific differences likely influenced by sponge morphology. Although depth did not significantly affect species richness, Shannon diversity, or evenness, a decrease in abundance of associated invertebrates was observed in deeper samples, suggesting a depth-related pattern that deserves further investigation. By forming stable substrate “islands” in otherwise unstable soft substrate environments, sponges play a vital role in structuring benthic communities. Their removal through bottom trawling not only results in the loss of the sponges themselves, but also disrupts the diverse communities they support. We suggest that sponge-associated fauna should be recognized as part of the discarded bycatch and emphasize the need for broader assessments of sponge-mediated biodiversity across similar Mediterranean habitats to support effective management and conservation strategies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Marine Biology)

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23 pages, 973 KB

Open AccessArticle

Forecasting Electronic Waste Using a Jaya-Optimized Discrete Trigonometric Grey Model

by Zeynep Ozsut Bogar, Gazi Murat Duman, Askiner Gungor and Elif Kongar

Sustainability 2025, 17(22), 10073; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172210073 - 11 Nov 2025

Abstract

The growing use of electrical and electronic appliances, coupled with shorter product lifespans, has accelerated the rise in waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). Accurate forecasting is essential for addressing environmental challenges, conserving resources, and advancing the circular economy (CE). This research employs [...] Read more.

The growing use of electrical and electronic appliances, coupled with shorter product lifespans, has accelerated the rise in waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). Accurate forecasting is essential for addressing environmental challenges, conserving resources, and advancing the circular economy (CE). This research employs a Trigonometry-Based Discrete Grey Model (TBDGM(1,1)) that integrates the Jaya algorithm and Least Squares Estimation (LSE) for parameter estimation. By leveraging Jaya’s parameter-free robustness and LSE’s computational efficiency, the model enhances prediction accuracy for small-sample and nonlinear datasets. WEEE data from Washington State (WA) in the USA and Türkiye are utilized to validate the model, demonstrating cross-context adaptability. To evaluate performance, the model is benchmarked against five state-of-the-art discrete grey models. For the WA dataset, additional benchmarking against methods used in prior e-waste forecasting literature enables a dual-layer comparative analysis, which strengthens the validity and practical relevance of the approach. Across evaluations and multiple performance metrics, TBDGM(1,1) attains satisfactory and competitive prediction performance on the WA and Türkiye datasets relative to comparator models. Using TBDGM(1,1), Türkiye’s e-waste is forecast for 2021–2030, with the 2030 amount projected at approximately 489 kilotones. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and researchers, offering a standardized and reliable forecasting tool that supports CE-driven strategies in e-waste management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Waste and Recycling)

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21 pages, 3456 KB

Open AccessArticle

Symmetry in Stress Distribution: Elastic–Plastic Behavior of Rib Plates and Rib-to-Deck Weld Root Performance in Steel Orthotropic Bridge Decks

by Hanan Akad, Abdul Qader Melhem and George Wardeh

Symmetry 2025, 17(11), 1934; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17111934 - 11 Nov 2025

Abstract

This study investigates the mechanical behavior and fatigue performance of orthotropic steel bridge decks, with a focus on rib-to-deck welded connections and the impact of geometric symmetry on stress distribution. Two full-scale models with full-penetration butt welds were tested under static compression loads, [...] Read more.

This study investigates the mechanical behavior and fatigue performance of orthotropic steel bridge decks, with a focus on rib-to-deck welded connections and the impact of geometric symmetry on stress distribution. Two full-scale models with full-penetration butt welds were tested under static compression loads, yielding failure forces of 27 kN (experimental) and 26 kN (analytical), with only a 3% difference. Finite element simulations using ANSYS 16.1 validated these results and enabled parametric studies. Rib plate thicknesses ranging from 5 mm to 9 mm were analyzed to assess their influence on stress distribution and deformation. The geometric ratio h′/tr, which reflects the symmetry of the trapezoidal rib web, was found to be a critical factor in stress behavior. At h′/tr = 38 (tr = 7 mm), compressive and tensile stresses are balanced, demonstrating a symmetric stress field; at h′/tr = 33 (tr = 8 mm), and fatigue performance at the RDW root drops by 47%. Increasing h′/tr improves fatigue life by increasing the number of load cycles to failure. Stress contours revealed that compressive stress concentrates in the rib plate above the weld toes, while tensile stress localizes at the RDW root. The study highlights how symmetric geometric configurations contribute to balanced stress fields and improved fatigue resistance. Multiple linear regression analysis (SPSS-25) produced predictive equations linking stress values to applied load and geometry, offering a reliable tool for estimating stress without full-scale simulations. These findings underscore the importance of optimizing h′/tr and leveraging structural symmetry to enhance resilience and fatigue resistance in welded joints. This research provides practical guidance for improving the design of orthotropic steel bridge decks and contributes to safer, longer-lasting infrastructure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry, Asymmetry and Other Patterns in Structural Engineering with Its Application)

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17 pages, 2593 KB

Open AccessArticle

Management Effectiveness of Protected Areas in Mitigating Human Disturbance: A Case Study of the Qilian Mountains for 2000–2022

by Yun Li, Jian Gong and Shicheng Li

Land 2025, 14(11), 2229; https://doi.org/10.3390/land14112229 - 11 Nov 2025

Abstract

Evaluating the management effectiveness of protected areas (PAs) is critical for refining conservation strategies. One of the key components in the management of PA is the regulation of human disturbance. We evaluated the management effectiveness of the Qilian Mountain National Nature Reserve (QMNNR) [...] Read more.

Evaluating the management effectiveness of protected areas (PAs) is critical for refining conservation strategies. One of the key components in the management of PA is the regulation of human disturbance. We evaluated the management effectiveness of the Qilian Mountain National Nature Reserve (QMNNR) in mitigating human disturbance for 2000–2022. Human footprint was used as a key indicator of human disturbance. It integrates eight human disturbance factors: built environments, population density, night-time lights, cropland, pastureland, roads, railways, and navigable waterways. Evaluations are conducted across dual spatial dimensions: (1) constructing an equal-area external buffer zone to compare human footprint dynamics inside versus outside the reserve; and (2) testing the hypothesis that “stricter zonation correlates with improved control of human disturbance” by analyzing management gradients across four functional zones (core, buffer, experimental, and peripheral protection zones). Key findings include the following: (1) The increase in human footprint within the reserve was markedly lower than in surrounding areas, with the internal–external human footprint disparity expanding from 2000 to 2022. (2) Spatial analysis reveals concentrated disturbance hotspots in northern buffer zones, whereas only marginal increases occurred in Sunan County within the reserve. (3) Human footprint growth across functional zones followed a clear ascending order: core zone < buffer zone < experimental zone < peripheral protection zone, validating the efficacy of zoned management. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the QMNNR has effectively curbed human disturbance expansion—particularly in its core area—though vigilance is warranted against emerging “ecological island” risks in the northern peripheral zone. The proposed dual-dimensional human footprint assessment framework further offers a standardized evaluation methodology for large-scale PA in mitigating human disturbance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Landscape Ecology)

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12 pages, 1294 KB

Open AccessArticle

Magnetic Susceptibility of High-Purity Molybdenum: Role of Trace Impurities and Theoretical Modeling

by Chao Wang, Zheng Tan, Dan Jia, Xin Xin, Li Meng, Tao Liu, Likui Ning, Song Ma and Enze Liu

Magnetochemistry 2025, 11(11), 98; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry11110098 - 11 Nov 2025

Abstract

In this study, a modified Curie–Weiss model was established for the magnetic susceptibility of high-purity molybdenum and Mo–La alloy powders. The elemental composition was analyzed by GDMS, and combined with the M–T and M–H data measured by SQUID, the [...] Read more.

In this study, a modified Curie–Weiss model was established for the magnetic susceptibility of high-purity molybdenum and Mo–La alloy powders. The elemental composition was analyzed by GDMS, and combined with the M–T and M–H data measured by SQUID, the temperature-independent contributions of weakly magnetic elements such as La and the paramagnetic contributions of impurity ions such as Fe, Co, and Ni were distinguished. Based on the parameters obtained from the nonlinear least squares fitting, the deviation between the magnetic susceptibility at room temperature calculated by the model and the experimental value was within 5%. The results show that this model can reasonably describe the influence of trace impurities on the magnetic susceptibility of the system and provides an effective method for the magnetic prediction of high-purity metal powders. Full article

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29 pages, 6138 KB

Open AccessArticle

Addressing the Collective Action Dilemma in Resident-Led Urban Regeneration: Designing and Verifying a Multi-Dimensional Policy Lever System Through Evolutionary Game Theory

by Zhibiao Chen, Ana Bian and Zhongping Wu

Sustainability 2025, 17(22), 10065; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172210065 - 11 Nov 2025

Abstract

Against the backdrop of urban stock development worldwide, resident-led urban regeneration and in-situ demolition-and-reconstruction models are crucial for advancing sustainable urban regeneration. However, these initiatives often stall due to collective action dilemmas arising from complex interactions among governments, residents, and contractors. To address [...] Read more.

Against the backdrop of urban stock development worldwide, resident-led urban regeneration and in-situ demolition-and-reconstruction models are crucial for advancing sustainable urban regeneration. However, these initiatives often stall due to collective action dilemmas arising from complex interactions among governments, residents, and contractors. To address this, we develop a tripartite evolutionary game model that incorporates a novel multi-dimensional policy lever system. This system integrates the following: (1) resource-allocation levers (area-expansion coefficient, w; expansion benefit-sharing coefficient, v), (2) cost-sharing levers (expansion-purchase coefficient, p; original-area reconstruction payment coefficient, q), and (3) behavioral-intervention levers (cost-burden perception coefficient, e; accident-risk perception coefficient, d), the latter quantifying behavioral economics principles like loss aversion and probability weighting. Through numerical simulations, we identify the nonlinear effects, critical thresholds, and interaction mechanisms of these levers. The results demonstrate that resource-allocation and cost-sharing levers exhibit critical ranges, whereas behavioral-intervention levers are characterized by perception thresholds and saturation effects. Crucially, coordinated optimization of all parameters—rather than one-sided incentives—is essential to steer the system towards the ideal cooperative equilibrium (government guidance, contractor participation, and resident engagement). This study provides a systematic theoretical framework and practical pathway for crafting targeted urban regeneration policies, emphasizing that aligning economic incentives with behavioral interventions can simultaneously enhance compactness, feasibility, and equity, thereby contributing to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 11. Full article

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