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17 pages, 2077 KB  
Article
Hydrogel Utilization and Water Management for Annual and Perennial Herbs in an Extensive Green Roof Environment
by Stuart Alan Walters and Hunter M. Christenson
Horticulturae 2026, 12(2), 145; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae12020145 (registering DOI) - 28 Jan 2026
Abstract
Extensive green roofs can be used to provide spaces for local agriculture in urban environments, although extreme moisture and temperature conditions typically found in these systems can often be challenging for crop production. The Southern Illinois University-Carbondale extensive green roof was utilized to [...] Read more.
Extensive green roofs can be used to provide spaces for local agriculture in urban environments, although extreme moisture and temperature conditions typically found in these systems can often be challenging for crop production. The Southern Illinois University-Carbondale extensive green roof was utilized to determine the effects of a polyacrylamide hydrogel, pine bark mulch, and irrigation frequency on the growth and productivity of ‘Compact’ and ‘Italian Large Leaf’ basil (Ocimum basilicum), and the growth and overwintering ability of two perennial culinary herbs, sage (Salvia officinalis) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris). Results indicated that weekly irrigation increased late-season basil and perennial plant vigor, basil fresh and dry weight, and overwintered perennial plant vigor and height compared to bimonthly watering. Although the use of pine bark mulch improved basil fresh weight and plant vigor compared to no mulch, mulching did not influence (p > 0.05) perennial herb growth or overwintering in an extensive green roof environment. Hydrogel applications improved basil plant height compared to none, although fresh and dry plant biomass were not influenced by hydrogel applications. In comparison, hydrogels as additions to the green roof medium did not influence either early- or late-season perennial plant vigor, although the overwintered plant vigor collected the following spring was greater in the no-hydrogel treatment. For perennial herbs, sage had greater vigor, overwinter survival, and overall suitability for extensive green roof environments compared to thyme. This research indicated the importance of perennial herb selection and consistent water supply for annual and perennial herb growth and the overwintering success of perennial herbs. Thus, supplemental water and other management strategies to provide more constant medium moisture content are important considerations for sustaining culinary herb production on extensive green roofs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Urban Agriculture and Vertical Farming of Horticultural Crops)
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15 pages, 1168 KB  
Systematic Review
Comparison of Biodegradable Versus Titanium Fixation Systems in Mandibular Fractures: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Abdulaziz Zailai, Tahani Alenizi, Rakan Sbitan, Rana AlBraik, Taha Abujohar, Abdulmohsen Albraheem, Sajad Al Suliman, Raand Altayyar, Abdullah Mohammed, Abdullah Alshahrani, Ahmed Alghandour, Faisal Aldouiri and Ayman Bukhari
Surgeries 2026, 7(1), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/surgeries7010020 (registering DOI) - 28 Jan 2026
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Titanium fixation remains the gold standard for stabilizing mandibular fractures; however, associated complications often necessitate a second surgery for hardware removal. Consequently, biodegradable systems were introduced, though questions persist regarding their mechanical reliability and potential for tissue reactions. This systematic review and [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Titanium fixation remains the gold standard for stabilizing mandibular fractures; however, associated complications often necessitate a second surgery for hardware removal. Consequently, biodegradable systems were introduced, though questions persist regarding their mechanical reliability and potential for tissue reactions. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to compare the efficacy and morbidity of biodegradable versus titanium osteosynthesis systems for the treatment of mandibular fractures. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL. Comparative studies, such as randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized studies, were included. The primary outcome was the rate of hardware removal; therefore, a random-effects meta-analysis was performed to calculate a pooled Odds Ratio (OR), while the risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 and ROBINS-I tools. Results: Eight studies, including four RCTs, comprising a total of 369 patients, were included, with most studies judged to be at a high or serious risk of bias due to inadequate randomization, lack of blinding, and confounding co-interventions. The meta-analysis of four RCTs on hardware removal revealed no statistically significant difference between the biodegradable and titanium groups (pooled OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.04 to 1.90), with substantial and statistically significant heterogeneity observed (I2 = 66.1%). Qualitative synthesis indicated that biodegradable systems were associated with higher rates of intraoperative screw breakage and longer operative times, while rates of successful bone union were comparable between the two groups. Conclusions: Biodegradable osteosynthesis systems represent a viable alternative to titanium for mandibular fracture fixation, demonstrating similar efficacy in achieving bone union, which is counterbalanced by higher rates of screw breakage and longer operative times. The decision to use a biodegradable system involves a critical trade-off that should be designed for the specific clinical scenario. The high risk of bias and significant heterogeneity limit the certainty of these findings, underscoring the imperative for future high-quality, long-term RCTs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: Balance Between Innovative and Proven Procedures, Drugs and Materials, 2nd Edition)
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27 pages, 5351 KB  
Article
Coupled Mechanisms of Pore–Throat Structure Regulation and Flow Behavior in Deep-Water Tight Reservoirs Using Nanocomposite Gels
by Yuan Li, Fan Sang, Guoliang Ma and Hujun Gong
Gels 2026, 12(2), 113; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels12020113 (registering DOI) - 28 Jan 2026
Abstract
Understanding how nanocomposite gels regulate pore–throat structures and flow behavior is essential for improving profile control and flow diversion in deep-water tight reservoirs. In this study, a dual-structure-regulated nanocomposite gel (DSRC-NCG) was designed, and its structure–flow coupling behavior during gel injection, curing, and [...] Read more.
Understanding how nanocomposite gels regulate pore–throat structures and flow behavior is essential for improving profile control and flow diversion in deep-water tight reservoirs. In this study, a dual-structure-regulated nanocomposite gel (DSRC-NCG) was designed, and its structure–flow coupling behavior during gel injection, curing, and degradation was systematically investigated using multiscale flow configurations, including microfluidic models, artificial cores, and sandpack systems. Microstructural evolution and pore–throat connectivity were characterized using μCT imaging, mercury intrusion porosimetry, nitrogen adsorption, and image-based flow simulations, while macroscopic flow responses were evaluated through permeability variation, dominant-channel evolution, injectivity behavior, and quantitative indices including the structure regulation index (SRI) and pore–flow matching index (HCI). The results show that increasing SiO2 content induces a progressive optimization of pore–flow matching by refining critical throats and suppressing preferential flow channels, whereas excessive nanoparticle loading leads to aggregation and attenuation of these effects. This study proposes a multiscale structure–flow coupling framework that quantitatively connects pore–throat regulation with macroscopic flow responses during nanocomposite gel injection and degradation. These findings offer mechanistic insights and practical guidance for the design of nanocomposite gels with improved flow-regulation efficiency and reversibility in deep-water tight reservoir applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Enhanced Oil Recovery Technologies, 4th Edition)
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17 pages, 571 KB  
Article
Comparative Effects of Home-Based and Aquatic Resistance Training on Hand Tremor Severity and Manual Dexterity in Older Adults with Essential Tremor: A Preliminary Randomized Controlled Trial
by Cemal Polat, Tuba Sevil, Zarife Pancar and Luca Russo
Life 2026, 16(2), 218; https://doi.org/10.3390/life16020218 (registering DOI) - 28 Jan 2026
Abstract
Essential tremor (ET) negatively affects neuromuscular control and hand function in older adults. Resistance exercise may enhance musculoskeletal and functional capacity, yet its modality-specific effects in ET remain unclear. This study compared the effects of home-based and aquatic resistance training on tremor severity, [...] Read more.
Essential tremor (ET) negatively affects neuromuscular control and hand function in older adults. Resistance exercise may enhance musculoskeletal and functional capacity, yet its modality-specific effects in ET remain unclear. This study compared the effects of home-based and aquatic resistance training on tremor severity, manual dexterity, and handgrip strength in older adults with ET. Twenty-seven participants were randomly assigned using block randomization to a home-based resistance exercise group (HBREG; n = 9), an aquatic resistance exercise group (AREG; n = 9), or a control group (CG; n = 9). Both intervention groups completed an 18-session resistance exercise program, with initial sessions supervised and subsequent sessions performed independently under regular monitoring. Tremor severity (FTMTRS), manual dexterity (Nine-Hole Peg Test), and handgrip strength were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Within-group changes were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and between-group differences using the Kruskal–Wallis test with Bonferroni-adjusted Mann–Whitney U tests (p < 0.05). Both HBREG and AREG demonstrated significant improvements in drawing and pouring tremor tasks, manual dexterity, and handgrip strength compared with the control group, with large effect sizes across outcomes. No significant differences were observed between the two exercise modalities, and no improvement occurred in the highest-difficulty spiral-B task. These findings indicate that both home-based and aquatic resistance training are safe and effective non-pharmacological strategies for reducing tremor severity and enhancing upper-extremity function in older adults with ET. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Exercise and Functional Interventions on Musculoskeletal Health)
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14 pages, 4407 KB  
Article
Effect of Physical Control Parameters and Hydrodynamic Behavior on Copper Electrodeposition Efficiency: A Numerical Simulation Study
by Marco Bonechi, Salvatore Di Sivo, Giacomo Zambelli, Walter Giurlani, Jonathan Campeggio, Marina Macchiagodena, Fabio Biffoli, Elena Colombini, Roberto Giovanardi, Claudio Fontanesi, Massimo Innocenti and Marco Pagliai
Coatings 2026, 16(2), 162; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings16020162 (registering DOI) - 28 Jan 2026
Abstract
This study concerns the simulation of copper electrodeposition and related phenomenological and technological aspects as influenced by electrode geometry and electrolyte flow velocity. A multiphysics simulation approach was employed, integrating mathematical models accounting for electrochemical deposition and hydrodynamic behavior. Ionic transport is described [...] Read more.
This study concerns the simulation of copper electrodeposition and related phenomenological and technological aspects as influenced by electrode geometry and electrolyte flow velocity. A multiphysics simulation approach was employed, integrating mathematical models accounting for electrochemical deposition and hydrodynamic behavior. Ionic transport is described by the Nernst-Planck equations, electrode kinetics by Butler–Volmer expressions, and fluid flow by the Navier–Stokes equations. Simplified 2D and 3D models were developed to investigate industrial frame plating electrodeposition processes. The results indicate that the fluid direction of the solution in relation to the position of the substrate within the electrodeposition cell enables the distribution of the thickness of the coating to be optimized. Numerical simulation can be used to guide the choice of the orientation of cathodes to be electroplated inside the electroplating tank, to take into consideration agitation direction, and to achieve the best deposit uniformity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrodeposition, Sustainability, Characterization and Application of Metals and Alloy Coatings)
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16 pages, 14624 KB  
Article
The Study of Low-Cycle Fatigue Properties and Microstructure Along the Thickness Direction of a 460 MPa Marine Engineering Steel
by Chunyang Xue, Mengmeng Yang, Xuechong Ren, Lianqing Wang and Xianglin Zhou
Materials 2026, 19(3), 514; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19030514 (registering DOI) - 28 Jan 2026
Abstract
This study investigated a 460 MPa marine engineering steel’s microstructure and low-cycle fatigue (LCF) behavior along the thickness direction. The results showed that the low-cycle fatigue life was reduced from 9681, 4395, 2107, 1020, 829 to 7222, 1832, 1015, 630, 242 with the [...] Read more.
This study investigated a 460 MPa marine engineering steel’s microstructure and low-cycle fatigue (LCF) behavior along the thickness direction. The results showed that the low-cycle fatigue life was reduced from 9681, 4395, 2107, 1020, 829 to 7222, 1832, 1015, 630, 242 with the specimen taken from the surface to the middle of steel plate, increasing grain size and decreasing the content of high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs). All specimens showed notable cyclic hardening and softening. This was related to the dislocation movement, interaction, accumulation, annihilation, and dynamic recovery during fatigue tests. Furthermore, the crack propagation paths in the fatigue specimens were also observed and discussed. Finally, the Basquin and Coffin–Manson relationships were used to suggest a prediction model for the LCF life at strain amplitudes ranging from 0.4% to 1.2%, and the anticipated outcomes agreed well with the test results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Behavior of Advanced High-Strength Alloys)
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16 pages, 2315 KB  
Article
Comparative In Vitro Evaluation of Anti-HIV Immunotoxin, Antibody–Drug Conjugate, and Radioimmunoconjugate Targeted by the Same Antibody
by Anne-Sophie Kuhlmann, Tami Peters, Donald K. Hamlin, Yawen Li, Xinyi Wang, Megan Stackhouse, Frances M. Cole, Jasmin Martinez-Reyes, Brenda M. Sandmaier, Hans-Peter Kiem, D. Scott Wilbur, Robert D. Harrington and Seth H. Pincus
Antibodies 2026, 15(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/antib15010012 (registering DOI) - 28 Jan 2026
Abstract
Background: We are developing cytotoxic immunoconjugates (CICs) to eliminate HIV-infected cells. We investigated the efficacy and kinetics of killing by different forms of CICs targeted by the same monoclonal antibody (mAb), an immunotoxin (IT), antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), and radioimmunoconjugate (RIC). Methods: We compared [...] Read more.
Background: We are developing cytotoxic immunoconjugates (CICs) to eliminate HIV-infected cells. We investigated the efficacy and kinetics of killing by different forms of CICs targeted by the same monoclonal antibody (mAb), an immunotoxin (IT), antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), and radioimmunoconjugate (RIC). Methods: We compared in vitro effects of CICs made by conjugating anti-gp41 mAb 7B2 to deglycosylated ricin A chain (7B2-dgA), the anthracycline derivative PNU-159682 (7B2-PNU), or the α-emitting isotope actinium-225 (7B2-225Ac). Kinetic analyses of cell growth were performed measuring electrical impedance every 15 min over a 7-day period using cells stably expressing the HIV envelope and Env-negative parent cells. Results: 7B2-dgA and 7B2-225Ac were more potent and acted more rapidly to kill cells than 7B2-PNU. Both the 7B2-PNU and 7B2-225Ac induced bystander-cell killing, whereas the IT did not and consequently allowed the outgrowth of Env-negative cells. Low dose or brief exposure to 7B2-PNU resulted in an increased rate of cell growth. Conclusions: An IT, ADC, and RIC showed substantial differences in the degree of specific toxicity, kinetics, and mechanisms of killing. The results of this side-by-side comparison have implications for the development of CICs to treat HIV, as well as other conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Festschrift Celebrating Dr. Dimiter Stanchev Dimitrov: Antibodies, Innovation, and Impact on Infectious Disease and Cancer Research)
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15 pages, 523 KB  
Article
The Impact of Social Media Engagement on Adult Self-Esteem: Implications for Managing Digital Well-Being
by Ismini Chrysoula Latsi, Alexandra Anna Gasparinatou and Nikolaos Kontodimopoulos
Healthcare 2026, 14(3), 326; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14030326 (registering DOI) - 28 Jan 2026
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Social media’s impact on adult well-being varies by engagement patterns, highlighting the need for evidence to inform digital well-being strategies. This study examines the association between social media use and self-esteem, a key psychological indicator linked to adult well-being, with the aim [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Social media’s impact on adult well-being varies by engagement patterns, highlighting the need for evidence to inform digital well-being strategies. This study examines the association between social media use and self-esteem, a key psychological indicator linked to adult well-being, with the aim of identifying modifiable behavioral targets relevant to clinical, workplace, and public health contexts. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 81 Greek adults assessed daily social media use, engagement patterns, and self-esteem using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Analyses included linear and exploratory quadratic regression models, multiple regression with demographic covariates (age, gender), and descriptive group comparisons. Results: A small but statistically significant negative association was observed between daily social media use and self-esteem (R2 = 0.078), indicating limited explanatory power. Exploratory analyses did not provide strong evidence of non-linear effects. Demographic factors and usage categories were not significant predictors, likely reflecting limited statistical power. Participant self-reports highlighted potentially disruptive patterns such as intensive use at specific times/conditions, perceived sleep impact, and cognitive preoccupation with social media, as well as motivation to reduce or stop use. Conclusions: Time spent online is a weak predictor of self-esteem, underscoring the importance of engagement quality over frequency. From a management perspective, the findings support shifting attention from generic screen-time reduction to targeting specific potentially high-risk patterns of engagement in future policy and practice. This exploratory pilot study provides initial, hypothesis-generating evidence within a Greek adult sample and highlights the need for larger, population-based studies to confirm and extend these findings. Full article
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22 pages, 1424 KB  
Review
Signal Peptide-CUB-EGF-like Domain-Containing Protein 3 (SCUBE3): From Molecule to Therapy
by Ayooluwa Ilesanmi, Casey Stevens-Washington, Shelby Jones, Karina Alarcon, Anush Aryal, Panneerdoss Subbarayalu, Terry J. Shackleford, Davida Crossley and Benjamin C. Onyeagucha
Therapeutics 2026, 3(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/therapeutics3010005 (registering DOI) - 28 Jan 2026
Abstract
Background: The signal peptide-CUB-EGF-like domain-containing protein 3 (SCUBE3) is a secretory protein that plays a role in cancer, cardiovascular, and immune disorders. SCUBE1, SCUBE2, and SCUBE3 belong to the SCUBE family. They contain multiple copies of EGF-like repeats at the amino acid terminal, [...] Read more.
Background: The signal peptide-CUB-EGF-like domain-containing protein 3 (SCUBE3) is a secretory protein that plays a role in cancer, cardiovascular, and immune disorders. SCUBE1, SCUBE2, and SCUBE3 belong to the SCUBE family. They contain multiple copies of EGF-like repeats at the amino acid terminal, a spacer region, three cysteine-rich motifs, and a CUB domain at the carboxyl terminus. The SCUBE family members are multifunctional proteins that act primarily as extracellular ligands or co-receptors in various cells. Methods: In this study, we examined the expression pattern and role of SCUBE3 in various cancers, as well as other diseases such as cardiovascular disease and immune disorders, and its impact on growth and development. Results: SCUBE3 expression is upregulated and secreted by the cells of lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), melanoma, osteosarcoma, ovarian cancer, glioma, and breast cancer. Extracellular SCUBE3 protein often binds to TGFβRII or acts as a co-receptor for TGFβ and BMP2/BMP4 in regulating cellular signaling. Through the TGFβRII signaling, SCUBE3 activities promote tumor growth, metastasis, invasion, angiogenesis, and poor clinical outcomes. Conversely, in renal cell carcinoma, SCUBE3 expression suppresses growth. Altered SCUBE3 activity is associated with cardiovascular diseases, immune disorders, and hair growth. Conclusions: The review presents mechanistic evidence that SCUBE3 plays a crucial regulatory role in multiple cancers and other diseases. The evidence suggests the SCUBE3 protein could serve as a potential molecular target for various diseases and highlights its usefulness as a minimally invasive diagnostic marker, as it is a secreted protein. Full article
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11 pages, 571 KB  
Article
Randomized Clinical Study of Laser-Assisted Delivery of Exosome Boosters for Postoperative Facial Scars and Facial Rejuvenation
by Jei Youn Park and Jun Ho Park
Life 2026, 16(2), 217; https://doi.org/10.3390/life16020217 (registering DOI) - 28 Jan 2026
Abstract
Postoperative facial scars frequently remain aesthetically problematic despite advances in laser-based treatments, as residual inflammation and disorganized dermal remodeling often limit clinical outcomes. Exosome-based formulations have gained attention as biologically active adjuncts capable of influencing key wound-healing pathways, including inflammatory regulation, neovascularization, and [...] Read more.
Postoperative facial scars frequently remain aesthetically problematic despite advances in laser-based treatments, as residual inflammation and disorganized dermal remodeling often limit clinical outcomes. Exosome-based formulations have gained attention as biologically active adjuncts capable of influencing key wound-healing pathways, including inflammatory regulation, neovascularization, and extracellular matrix modulation. This randomized, controlled clinical study aimed to evaluate the short-term clinical effect of laser-assisted delivery of exosome skin boosters for postoperative facial scars and facial rejuvenation. Seventy-five patients with postoperative facial scars were randomly allocated to receive fractional non-ablative Nd:YAG laser treatment alone or in combination with either human-derived or plant-derived exosome skin boosters. All participants completed five treatment sessions at two-week intervals. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using validated scar assessment tools, including the modified Vancouver Scar Scale and the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale, along with objective imaging analyses using Mark-Vu and ImageJ software. Compared with laser monotherapy, adjunctive exosome treatment was associated with numerically greater short-term improvements in scar appearance and reductions in grayscale intensity. Improvements in additional skin quality parameters, such as pigmentation uniformity, erythema, pore size, and fine wrinkles, were also observed in the exosome-treated groups. Clinical responses were comparable between human- and plant-derived exosome formulations, and no serious adverse events were reported. These findings indicate that exosome-based skin boosters may serve as a safe and well-tolerated biological complement to laser therapy for short-term improvement of postoperative facial scars and skin quality. Larger studies with longer follow-up are warranted to determine long-term efficacy and clinical durability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Medical Research)
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11 pages, 747 KB  
Article
Association Between Cribriform Architecture and Lymphovascular Invasion in Prostate Cancer
by Jacqueline Chan, Yetkin Tuac, Okan Argun, Christina M. Breneman, Nora Seeley, Haley N. Moriarty, Keerthana Senthil Kumar, Fallon E. Chipidza, Jonathan E. Leeman and Mutlay Sayan
J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(3), 1032; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15031032 (registering DOI) - 28 Jan 2026
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Cribriform architecture is an adverse histopathologic feature in prostate cancer and has been associated with poor oncologic outcomes. Emerging evidence suggests that cribriform-positive tumors may behave as a biologically non-localized disease, raising the possibility of early occult dissemination. Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Cribriform architecture is an adverse histopathologic feature in prostate cancer and has been associated with poor oncologic outcomes. Emerging evidence suggests that cribriform-positive tumors may behave as a biologically non-localized disease, raising the possibility of early occult dissemination. Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is a key pathological marker of metastatic potential, but its relationship with cribriform architecture has not been evaluated. We examined the association between cribriform morphology and LVI to provide biological context for the aggressive clinical course of cribriform-positive prostate cancer. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with prostate adenocarcinoma who underwent radical prostatectomy and had available clinicopathologic data. Cribriform architecture was determined by a centralized pathology review, and LVI status was obtained from original pathology reports. Unadjusted associations were evaluated using contingency tables. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess whether cribriform architecture was independently associated with LVI after adjustments for Gleason score, tumor stage, and nodal status. Results: Among 338 patients, 28 (8.3%) had LVI and 123 (36.4%) had cribriform architecture. LVI was more common in cribriform-positive than cribriform-negative tumors (17.9% vs. 2.8%; p < 0.001), corresponding to a crude odds ratio (OR) of 7.6 (95% CI, 3.0–19.3). Cribriform architecture remained independently associated with LVI after adjustment (adjusted OR, 5.20; 95% CI, 2.12–1.40; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Cribriform architecture is strongly and independently associated with LVI, supporting a biological link between cribriform morphology and early metastatic dissemination. These findings support the design of prospective, biomarker-driven studies to evaluate treatment intensification strategies in this high-risk subgroup. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genitourinary Tumors and Radiation Therapy: Current Advances and Future Directions)
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17 pages, 2580 KB  
Article
Mechanical Performance and Failure Characteristics of Variable-Section Deep Cement Mixing Columns in Improved Composite Foundation
by Dahai Jiang, Tao Lei, Yuhe Zhang, Lin Li, Zhanyong Yao and Kai Yao
Appl. Sci. 2026, 16(3), 1308; https://doi.org/10.3390/app16031308 (registering DOI) - 28 Jan 2026
Abstract
Conventional deep cement mixing (DCM) columns commonly experience performance constraints and site-specific challenges arising from heterogeneous geological and loading conditions. This study investigates the vertical stress distribution, settlement behavior, and failure mechanisms of Variable-Section Deep Cement Mixing (VSDCM) columns through a series of [...] Read more.
Conventional deep cement mixing (DCM) columns commonly experience performance constraints and site-specific challenges arising from heterogeneous geological and loading conditions. This study investigates the vertical stress distribution, settlement behavior, and failure mechanisms of Variable-Section Deep Cement Mixing (VSDCM) columns through a series of finite element modeling. A comparative assessment is also conducted with two uniform-diameter columns of 0.5 m and 0.8 m. It is evident that the VSDCM columns possess 90% of the bearing capacity of the corresponding large-diameter columns. It exhibits a relative settlement 4–5 times smaller than that of the small-diameter column composite foundation, indicating a dominant role of enlarged head in stress redistribution and load sharing within the composite foundation. The stress arch exhibits a vertical influence range of approximately 0–0.4 m, within which load redistribution is significant. The VSDCM column encounter two stress peaks due to its variable cross-section, triggering failure at both, with the small-diameter section beneath the enlarged head being the most critical zone. The reduced material demands of the VSDCM column results in higher engineering economy, supporting its applicability as a sustainable and cost-effective ground improvement technique. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Pile Foundation Engineering)
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15 pages, 2407 KB  
Article
Bivalent RSVpreF Subunit Vaccine Safety and Immunogenicity in Seropositive 2–<18 Year Olds
by Julia Glanternik, Grant C. Paulsen, Shelly Senders, Michael Smith, Emma Shittu, Barbara A. Pahud, Lisa Pereira, Lesong Chen, Maria Maddalena Lino, Elena V. Kalinina, Danielle Baranova, Warren V. Kalina, Elie Needle, MaryAnn Murillo, John M. Leech, David Cooper, Kena A. Swanson, Annaliesa S. Anderson, Alejandra Gurtman and Iona Munjal
Vaccines 2026, 14(2), 128; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines14020128 (registering DOI) - 28 Jan 2026
Abstract
Background/Objectives: We aimed to determine safe and immunogenic RSVpreF vaccine dose levels for further clinical development in 2–<18 year olds. Methods: The phase 1, age-descending, open-label Picasso trial evaluated different RSVpreF dose levels in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-seropositive 2–<5 year olds and 5–<18 [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: We aimed to determine safe and immunogenic RSVpreF vaccine dose levels for further clinical development in 2–<18 year olds. Methods: The phase 1, age-descending, open-label Picasso trial evaluated different RSVpreF dose levels in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-seropositive 2–<5 year olds and 5–<18 year olds who were either healthy or had chronic medical conditions with increased RSV illness risk. Participants received a single dose of RSVpreF (60 µg or 120 µg dose level). The primary objective was to describe safety and tolerability at each dose level and age group, including frequencies of reactogenicity and adverse events (AEs). The secondary objective was to describe RSV neutralizing antibody responses at each dose level and age group 1 month after vaccination. Results: Overall, 127 participants received RSVpreF 60 µg (2–<5 year olds, n = 20; 5–<18 year olds, n = 35) or 120 µg (n = 24 and n = 48, respectively); 54% were male and 69% were White. Local reactions and systemic events were reported in 17–20% and 33–45% of 2–<5 year olds, respectively, and 49–56% and 52–60% of 5–<18 year olds; most were mild or moderate in severity. AEs were reported in 13–15% of 2–<5 year olds and 8–14% of 5–<18 year olds. No AEs leading to withdrawal or vaccine-related serious AEs were reported. RSV-A and RSV-B neutralizing titer geometric mean fold rises from before to 1 month after vaccination with RSVpreF 60 and 120 µg, which were 17.7–20.6 and 42.8–39.8, respectively, in 2–<5 year olds, and 19.0–23.5 and 20.3–20.3, respectively, in 5–<18 year olds. Conclusions: RSVpreF was safe, well tolerated, and elicited immune responses in RSV-seropositive 2–<18-year-old participants, supporting further clinical development in this pediatric population, including those with chronic conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Vaccine Advancement, Efficacy and Safety)
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18 pages, 280 KB  
Article
Evaluation of Combined Chemical Peeling and Microneedling Protocols in the Treatment of Acne-Prone Skin: A Pilot Study
by Șoimița Emiliana Măgerușan, Gabriel Hancu and Aura Rusu
Cosmetics 2026, 13(1), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics13010030 (registering DOI) - 28 Jan 2026
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a prevalent dermatological disorder characterized by excessive sebum production, impaired skin hydration, enlarged pores, and persistent lesions. Chemical peeling is a well-established procedure in cosmetic dermatology, while microneedling has emerged as a promising minimally invasive procedure; however, evidence on their [...] Read more.
Acne vulgaris is a prevalent dermatological disorder characterized by excessive sebum production, impaired skin hydration, enlarged pores, and persistent lesions. Chemical peeling is a well-established procedure in cosmetic dermatology, while microneedling has emerged as a promising minimally invasive procedure; however, evidence on their combined use remains limited. This pilot study aimed to compare the efficacy of chemical peeling, combined chemical peeling with microneedling, and a classic cosmetic protocol in patients with mild to moderate acne. Fifteen participants aged 18–45 years were divided into three groups according to the treatment protocol. Groups 1 (chemical peeling) and 3 (classic cosmetic care) each received four sessions at two-week intervals, whereas Group 2 (combined peeling with microneedling) completed seven sessions. Sebum levels, hydration, pore counts, and acne lesions were assessed using digital skin analysis and evaluated statistically by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD test (p < 0.05). Chemical peeling reduced sebum secretion (−17–18%) and acne lesions (−14%) and increased hydration (+22%), although pore counts increased (+8–18%). The combined protocol achieved the most pronounced seboregulation (−23–25%) and lesion reduction (−22%) with pore reduction (−7%), but hydration decreased (−14–19%). The classic treatment produced only modest effects, mainly a slight decrease in sebum (−10%) and lesions (−8%), accompanied by dehydration (−23–26%) and increased pore counts (+14–16%). These findings indicate the efficacy of chemical peeling and its enhancement through combination with microneedling, emphasizing the need for individualized cosmetic strategies and further validation in larger controlled trials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Cosmetic Dermatology)
9 pages, 1530 KB  
Technical Note
PRSSLY-Based Molecular Sex Determination of Syrian Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) Pups Using Placental Tissues
by Yana Kumpanenko, Lindsey Piessens, Victor Neven, Kai Dallmeier and Yeranddy A. Alpizar
Genes 2026, 17(2), 143; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes17020143 (registering DOI) - 28 Jan 2026
Abstract
Molecular sex determination in Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) has been limited by the incomplete annotation of Y-linked loci in currently available genome assemblies. Here, we evaluate the Y-linked gene PRSSLY, which encodes a testis-specific serine protease-like protein, as a molecular marker [...] Read more.
Molecular sex determination in Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) has been limited by the incomplete annotation of Y-linked loci in currently available genome assemblies. Here, we evaluate the Y-linked gene PRSSLY, which encodes a testis-specific serine protease-like protein, as a molecular marker for genetic sexing of Syrian hamster embryonic and placental tissues. Primers flanking a conserved PRSSLY coding region produced a male-specific amplicon showing 100% concordance with results from the established KDM5C/KDM5D PCR assay in E15.5 tail biopsies. SYBR Green–based qPCR enables the accurate detection of PRSSLY, characterized by a unique melt-curve profile, exclusively in male samples, allowing for efficient and sensitive mid-throughput analysis. Application of the PRSSLY assay to 417 placental samples from 39 dams demonstrated its suitability for large-scale sex genotyping, enabling sex assignment in the majority of samples despite the intrinsic complexity of placental tissue containing both maternal and embryonic genetic material. This assay provides a robust and reproducible approach for accurate sex genotyping in developmental and reproductive studies using Syrian hamsters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Animal Genetics and Genomics)
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25 pages, 536 KB  
Article
The More, the Better? Quantitative and Qualitative Aspects of the Home Literacy Environment and Their Impact on Children’s Literacy Development
by María Valcárcel Jiménez, Tina Schiele, Öykü Camligüney, Jana Schuster and Frank Niklas
Educ. Sci. 2026, 16(2), 197; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci16020197 (registering DOI) - 28 Jan 2026
Abstract
The Home Literacy Environment (HLE) plays a key role in children’s literacy development. While previous research has mainly focused on the quantity of literacy activities, the role of the quality of parent–child interactions within the HLE in children’s literacy development has been relatively [...] Read more.
The Home Literacy Environment (HLE) plays a key role in children’s literacy development. While previous research has mainly focused on the quantity of literacy activities, the role of the quality of parent–child interactions within the HLE in children’s literacy development has been relatively understudied. Using a sample of N = 500 preschoolers (Mage = 60.97; SDage = 4.61; 51% girls; 38% migration background) in Germany, this study examines the quantity and quality of the early HLE: their (1) interrelation, (2) contributions to emergent literacy skills in preschool, and (3) long-term effects on literacy outcomes by the end of Grade 2, controlling for child and family characteristics. Results from a manifest structural equation model indicate that the quantitative informal and formal HLE, as well as the quality of the HLE, were partly positively associated with children’s literacy skills (vocabulary, phonological awareness, and letter knowledge) in the penultimate year of preschool (T1) and a year later (T2). Only the quantitative formal HLE predicted spelling skills at the end of Grade 2 (T3). These findings suggest that the early HLE is mainly associated with emergent literacy skills during preschool. Sustained quantitative and qualitative literacy support throughout primary school may be necessary for long-term literacy success. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue How Aspects of the Home Environment Promote Young Children’s Academic and Social Development)
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15 pages, 1274 KB  
Article
Pathogen Profiling in Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: Virulence Traits of Clinical Isolates Before and After Intraoperative Povidone–Iodine Irrigation
by Enrico Bellato, Fabio Longo, Francesca Menotti, Rebecca Mariani, Lucrezia Massobrio, Valentina Bartolotti, Helena Villavicencio, Narcisa Mandras, Alessandro Bondi, Antonio Curtoni, Filippo Castoldi, Giuliana Banche and Valeria Allizond
Antibiotics 2026, 15(2), 129; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics15020129 (registering DOI) - 28 Jan 2026
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA), a commonly performed procedure in elderly patients with osteoarthritis, is frequently complicated by postoperative infections—primarily caused by Cutibacterium acnes and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS)—which remain a major clinical challenge. While standard antiseptic skin protocols can reduce the [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA), a commonly performed procedure in elderly patients with osteoarthritis, is frequently complicated by postoperative infections—primarily caused by Cutibacterium acnes and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS)—which remain a major clinical challenge. While standard antiseptic skin protocols can reduce the bacterial load at the surgical site, they often fail to achieve complete eradication, particularly with C. acnes, a resident species of the shoulder microbiome. Recent evidence indicates that intraoperative povidone–iodine irrigation is effective in significantly decreasing microbial burden; however, a thorough characterization of the virulence factors of the isolated strains remains essential. Methods: A total of 187 clinical strains isolated immediately after RTSA were characterized with respect to their antibiotic resistance profiles and biofilm-forming capacity, and the impact of intraoperative povidone–iodine irrigation on the reduction in bacteria that express these virulence traits was evaluated. Results: Of the 120 C. acnes isolates, 97.67% were susceptible to the tested antimicrobial agents, while only 3.33% exhibited resistance, specifically to clindamycin. In contrast, 53% of CoNS isolates were classified as susceptible, whereas the remaining 47% demonstrated multidrug resistance. Biofilm production was detected in 24% (29/120) of C. acnes and 39% (25/64) of CoNS isolates, with a statistically significant reduction observed after irrigation only for C. acnes. No association was found between biofilm formation and clindamycin resistance in C. acnes, likely due to the low number of resistant isolates. Conversely, among CoNS, a correlation was observed, with the 17.2% of biofilm-producing strains also exhibiting resistance to antimicrobial agents. Conclusions: Notwithstanding the presence of these virulence factors, povidone–iodine irrigation proved effective in substantially reducing the number of bacterial isolates recovered at the surgical site without selecting for strains with enhanced pathogenicity. Notably, the majority of resistant bacteria were detected prior to intraoperative irrigation. This intraoperative procedure may be a key approach to reducing prosthetic joint infections frequently caused by more virulent pathogens, which are unlikely to be selected following this disinfection strategy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibiotic Treatment on Surgical Infections)
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22 pages, 923 KB  
Article
Balancing Benefits and Costs: Host Community Perceptions, Personal Gains, and Support for Sustainable Tourism Development
by Amitabh Mishra and Ephrem Habtemichael Redda
Sustainability 2026, 18(3), 1295; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18031295 (registering DOI) - 28 Jan 2026
Abstract
The quality of life of a host community residing in a tourist destination is significantly influenced by the consequences of tourism development in the region. Such development generates both positive impacts, such as benefits, and negative impacts, or costs, simultaneously. The main aim [...] Read more.
The quality of life of a host community residing in a tourist destination is significantly influenced by the consequences of tourism development in the region. Such development generates both positive impacts, such as benefits, and negative impacts, or costs, simultaneously. The main aim of the study was to analyse the relationship between residents’ perception of tourism’s dual impact (positive and negative) on the host community and their attitude towards sustainable tourism development in the Krishna-Braj Tourism Circuit in the province of Uttar Pradesh of India. The study also examined the nature of the relationship between personal benefits drawn from tourism development and residents’ perception of tourism’s dual impact on the host community. The social exchange theory served as the foundation of the study. The tourism sustainability framework, which includes three pillars, viz., economic, environmental, and socio-cultural tourism impacts, was used to analyse the dual impact of tourism on residents in the region. In total, 370 residents were identified using a proportionate quota sampling technique and interviewed. Structural equation modelling was used to test the proposed theoretical model and to examine the hypothesised relationship between study variables. The study found that residents drawing personal benefits from tourism development (such as income, job, socialisation, etc.) in the region tend to perceive tourism impacts positively and show supportive attitudes toward sustainable tourism development in the region. At the same time, the influence of personal benefits from tourism development on perceived negative impacts was found not significant. Additionally, positive perceived tourism impacts significantly shaped residents’ attitudes, while the expected negative influence of negative tourism impacts on attitudes was unsupported. In a nutshell, the study supports that the bene-fits residents derive from tourism strongly shape their perceptions and support sustainable tourism development in the region. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Tourism Development and Economic Impacts: Insights into Tourist Behavior, Resident Engagement, Cultural Experiences, and Meeting, Incentive, Conference, and Exhibition Tourism)
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4 pages, 584 KB  
Editorial
Special Issue “Molecular Research in Retinal Degeneration”
by Sandra Tenreiro and Francisco J. Diaz-Corrales
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(3), 1287; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27031287 (registering DOI) - 28 Jan 2026
Abstract
Retinal diseases comprise a highly heterogeneous group of disorders that collectively represent a major cause of visual impairment and blindness worldwide [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Research in Retinal Degeneration)
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25 pages, 12730 KB  
Article
Single-Cell RNA-Seq Profiling of Transposable Element Expression in Human Peripheral Blood Cells During Viral Infections
by Oleg D. Fateev, Vasily E. Akimov, Olga V. Glushkova, Aleksandr V. Bolbat, Azat V. Abdullatypov, Olga A. Antonova, Vladimir V. Shiryagin, Nikolai A. Bugaev-Makarovsky, Vladimir S. Yudin, Anton A. Keskinov, Sergei M. Yudin, Dmitriy V. Svetlichny and Veronika I. Skvortsova
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(3), 1286; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27031286 (registering DOI) - 28 Jan 2026
Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) are key regulators of immunity in both health and disease. It has been proven that the activity and transcriptional expression levels of TEs increase during viral infections, correlating with the antiviral response. This study investigates non-LTR TE (LINE, SINE, and [...] Read more.
Transposable elements (TEs) are key regulators of immunity in both health and disease. It has been proven that the activity and transcriptional expression levels of TEs increase during viral infections, correlating with the antiviral response. This study investigates non-LTR TE (LINE, SINE, and SVA) transcriptomic signatures in human PBMCs during infections caused by influenza A virus, HIV, and SARS-CoV-2 (Delta/Omicron variants) using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from 98 patients. In the HIV and SARS-CoV-2 patient cohorts, unique cell-specific TE expression patterns were identified that allow for the differentiation of disease severity, prediction of disease progression, and assessment of the therapy’s efficacy. The expression of LINE elements was found to be more dependent on the nature and course of the disease than that of SINE elements. The most variable TE expression profile was observed in precursor cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (T CD8+ Naive cells), which depended on the virus type and the severity of the viral disease. For this cell type, a bioinformatic analysis of the co-expression regulation of TE transcriptional networks and transcription factors during viral infections was performed. This analysis identified key players among those most involved in virus-specific responses, which could serve as diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets for treating diseases caused by influenza A virus, HIV, and SARS-CoV-2. This work confirms the involvement of non-LTR TEs in mediating antiviral responses. Further research into the mechanisms of TE participation in antiviral defense is necessary to recommend them as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis, monitoring, and assessment of antiviral therapy, or as therapeutic targets for viral infections of various origins. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Biology)
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24 pages, 899 KB  
Article
Toward a Sustainable MICE Destination: A Triangulated Mixed-Methods Assessment of Quality Readiness, Tourist Perceptions, and Stakeholder Governance
by Sirikamol Kaewsaengorn, Onanong Cheablam, Kittachet Krivart, Arpaporn Sookhom and Yeamduan Narangajavana Kaosiri
Tour. Hosp. 2026, 7(2), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp7020031 (registering DOI) - 28 Jan 2026
Abstract
The Meetings, Incentives, Conventions, and Exhibitions (MICE) sector has become a strategic driver of regional economic development, yet secondary cities often lack the structural, governance, and experiential capacities required for competitive MICE positioning. This study proposes and empirically validates a triangulated analytical framework [...] Read more.
The Meetings, Incentives, Conventions, and Exhibitions (MICE) sector has become a strategic driver of regional economic development, yet secondary cities often lack the structural, governance, and experiential capacities required for competitive MICE positioning. This study proposes and empirically validates a triangulated analytical framework that integrates structural readiness, stakeholder governance capacity, and tourist perceptions to capture systemic misalignments in emerging MICE destinations, going beyond conventional applied readiness assessments. This study evaluates the preparedness of Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand, to develop as a sustainable MICE destination using a triangulated mixed-methods design comprising (1) a city readiness assessment based on TCEB’s eight criteria, (2) a survey of 400 tourists and MICE visitors, and (3) in-depth interviews with 20 key stakeholders. The weighted assessment indicated a moderate overall readiness score (3.48/5), with strengths in environmental management, safety, supporting activities, and accommodation. However, MICE venue capacity and city image remained notably weak. Tourists consistently perceived high readiness across most areas, whereas stakeholders highlighted major systemic issues, including fragmented governance, inconsistent MICE service quality, limited capacity for large events, and inadequate transportation integration. Triangulating these viewpoints reveals three analytically distinct preparation gaps—structural, policy implementation, and experience expectations—demonstrating a fundamental misalignment between experiential appeal and institutional capabilities. This study conceptualizes preparedness as a relational outcome impacted by infrastructure, governance procedures, and market perceptions, adding to the MICE destination and governance literature. The methodology can be used to examine comparable misalignments in other emerging or secondary MICE destinations. The findings guide governance-driven MICE city development plans for sustainability and competitiveness. Full article
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18 pages, 1143 KB  
Review
Current Landscape and Evolving Role of Targeted Agents in Urothelial Carcinoma
by Enrico Sammarco, Antonio Pellino, Eleonora Bona, Azzurra Farnesi, Elisa Biasco, Chiara Caparello, Andrea Marini, Irene Stasi, Gianna Musettini, Cecilia Barbara, Ermelinda De Maio, Luigi Coltelli, Samanta Cupini and Giacomo Allegrini
Cancers 2026, 18(3), 409; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers18030409 (registering DOI) - 28 Jan 2026
Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma represents one of the deadliest urological tumors, due to its biological aggressiveness and the ephemeral response to platinum-based chemotherapy of advanced-stage disease. The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors has positively impacted the prognosis of these patients, although only a proportion of [...] Read more.
Urothelial carcinoma represents one of the deadliest urological tumors, due to its biological aggressiveness and the ephemeral response to platinum-based chemotherapy of advanced-stage disease. The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors has positively impacted the prognosis of these patients, although only a proportion of them achieve long lasting disease control. As with other solid tumors, in the last decade, there has been a growing interest in the molecular characterization of urothelial carcinoma in order to identify new therapeutic targets and improve survival in these patients. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the main evidence available in the literature concerning the role of targeted therapies in urothelial carcinoma, especially focusing on related molecular targets, published data on clinical efficacy, and on future perspectives. Specifically, the effort of this review aims to strengthen the clinical impact of well-known molecular patterns and relative target treatments (such as FGFR inhibitors and Nectin-4-directed antibody–drug conjugates) and to examine the role and preliminary data of drugs targeting biomarkers that are not yet commonly used in clinical practice (such as HER2). Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Cancer Therapy)
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17 pages, 8857 KB  
Article
The Influence of Transgenic Maize on the Endophytic Microorganisms of Eisenia fetida
by Xinyao Xia, Shuke Yang, Xue Song, Chaofeng Hao, Hongwei Sun, Xiaohui Xu, Xingbo Lu and Fan Li
Microorganisms 2026, 14(2), 302; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms14020302 (registering DOI) - 28 Jan 2026
Abstract
To evaluate the comprehensive ecological risks associated with transgenic plant residues, this study examined their impact on Eisenia fetida and their endogenous microorganisms. The results indicated that transgenic plant residues did not influence the survival or weight of E. fetida, but [...] Read more.
To evaluate the comprehensive ecological risks associated with transgenic plant residues, this study examined their impact on Eisenia fetida and their endogenous microorganisms. The results indicated that transgenic plant residues did not influence the survival or weight of E. fetida, but they significantly altered the microbial community structure at specific time points. Specifically, the diversity and structure of the fungal community exhibited significant changes on the 14th and 28th days after treatment. In contrast, the bacterial response was delayed, with 22 biomarkers, including Caproiciproducens, Lachnoclostridium, and Enterococcus, being specifically enriched on the 21st day. This study confirmed that transgenic plant residues can temporally reshape the microecology within E. fetida. The practical significance of this research lies in highlighting the importance of incorporating the microbiome into safety assessment frameworks, thereby providing a scientific foundation for developing more forward-looking ecological risk assessment standards. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Veterinary Microbiology)
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14 pages, 403 KB  
Article
Mitral Valve Abnormalities as Predictors of Procedural Success in Alcohol Septal Ablation: A Pilot Study
by Raluca Coifan, Monica Mircea, Alexandru Silvius Pescariu, Oana Voinescu, Bogdan Enache, Laurentiu Pascalau, Mihai-Andrei Lazăr, Ionut Golet, Adrian Sturza, Constantin Tudor Luca, Adina Ionac and Cristian Mornos
J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(3), 1031; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15031031 (registering DOI) - 28 Jan 2026
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Alcohol septal ablation (ASA) is an established interventional therapy for patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (OHCM) who remain symptomatic despite optimal medical treatment. Nevertheless, 10–20% of patients fail to achieve a satisfactory hemodynamic or clinical response, highlighting the need for improved [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Alcohol septal ablation (ASA) is an established interventional therapy for patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (OHCM) who remain symptomatic despite optimal medical treatment. Nevertheless, 10–20% of patients fail to achieve a satisfactory hemodynamic or clinical response, highlighting the need for improved patient selection. Given that mitral valve (MV) morphology plays a central role in left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction, we aimed to evaluate the impact of MV anatomical parameters on ASA outcomes. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 38 OHCM patients who underwent ASA and had complete echocardiographic data before and at 6-month follow-up. Patients were stratified into responders (n = 32, defined as >50% reduction in LVOT pressure gradient and/or residual LVOT gradient < 50 mmHg) and non-responders (n = 6, <50% reduction or persistent gradient ≥ 50 mmHg), consistent with criteria used in previous ASA outcome studies. MV parameters—including redundant anterior mitral leaflet (AML) length, posterior mitral leaflet (PML) projection, and anterior displacement of the coaptation point (AML/PML projection ratio)—were compared between groups. Results: Non-responders demonstrated significantly greater AML redundancy (13.16 ± 1.72 vs. 9.96 ± 1.99 mm, p < 0.001), larger PML projection (18.5 ± 3.78 vs. 13.65 ± 3.8 mm, p = 0.006), and lower AML/PML projection ratio (0.80 ± 0.15 vs. 1.34 ± 0.45, p = 0.007). These parameters were associated with reduced post-procedural LVOT gradient reduction in univariate logistic regression (p = 0.01, p = 0.027, p = 0.015, respectively). Multivariate modeling was not pursued due to collinearity among MV parameters and the limited number of non-responder events, which precluded robust adjustment. Conclusions: Mitral valve morphological features—particularly redundant AML, greater PML projection, and anterior displacement of the coaptation point—were associated with suboptimal ASA outcomes in univariate analysis. These data emphasize the need for comprehensive MV imaging in pre-procedural assessment. Integrating MV morphology into current selection algorithms may refine ASA patient selection and improve long-term success rates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges and Breakthroughs)
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15 pages, 3084 KB  
Article
Widely Targeted Liver Metabolomics Reveals Potential Biomarkers in Mice with Drug-Induced Liver Injury
by Jiangning Peng, Tingting Zhao, Xuehong Zhang, Hong Wang, Hui Li and Yan Liang
Metabolites 2026, 16(2), 96; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo16020096 (registering DOI) - 28 Jan 2026
Abstract
Background: Drug-induced liver injury (DILI), a major type of adverse drug reaction, has become one of the leading causes of acute liver injury and liver failure worldwide. Its clinical significance lies not only in acute hepatocyte necrosis and functional failure but also in [...] Read more.
Background: Drug-induced liver injury (DILI), a major type of adverse drug reaction, has become one of the leading causes of acute liver injury and liver failure worldwide. Its clinical significance lies not only in acute hepatocyte necrosis and functional failure but also in its role as a key initiating factor for liver cancer progression. Therefore, early diagnosis of DILI is of great importance. Methods: This study employed ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) to perform widely targeted metabolomics analysis on acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury mice and healthy mice. Results: UPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS identified 41 differentially expressed metabolites primarily involved in glycerophospholipid metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, primary bile acid biosynthesis, and glutathione metabolism pathways. The significant elevation of serum and hepatic alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) confirmed the successful establishment of the drug-induced liver injury (DILI) model. ROC curve analysis indicated 11 metabolites with AUC values exceeding 0.90 as potential biomarkers, including (R)-2-Hydroxybutyric acid, Glu-Gln, γ-Glu-Gln, 2-Methyllactic acid, L-Serine, Hyodeoxycholic acid, 3-Epideoxycholic acid, and Glycochenodeoxycholic acid 7-sulfate. Conclusions: We propose that these differential metabolites may serve as candidate biomarkers for DILI. Our findings provide a novel metabolomic signature derived directly from the injured tissue and offer a theoretical foundation for further research into early diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Endocrinology and Clinical Metabolic Research)
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16 pages, 1114 KB  
Article
Retrieval-Based Language Model Framework for Predicting Postoperative Complications Under Class Imbalance
by Namjun Park, Seonah Kim, Jaekwang Kim and Jae-Geum Shim
Electronics 2026, 15(3), 553; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15030553 (registering DOI) - 28 Jan 2026
Abstract
Accurate prediction of postoperative complications, such as acute myocardial injury (AMI) and acute kidney injury (AKI), is essential for informed clinical decision-making and improved patient outcomes. However, conventional machine learning approaches often exhibit degraded performance in this setting due to severe class imbalance [...] Read more.
Accurate prediction of postoperative complications, such as acute myocardial injury (AMI) and acute kidney injury (AKI), is essential for informed clinical decision-making and improved patient outcomes. However, conventional machine learning approaches often exhibit degraded performance in this setting due to severe class imbalance and the need for extensive feature preprocessing. To address these challenges, we propose a retrieval-based disease prediction (RBD) framework that leverages language models for postoperative risk assessment. The proposed framework converts heterogeneous preoperative and intraoperative clinical data into textual representations and retrieves relevant disease information by comparing patient-specific descriptions with predefined disease definitions of AMI and AKI. This retrieval-based formulation reduces the dependence on complex data normalization and resampling strategies commonly required by traditional models. Experimental results demonstrate that the RBD framework consistently outperforms existing machine learning methods in predicting postoperative complications under imbalanced data conditions. These findings indicate that retrieval-based language model analytics provide a promising approach for clinical decision support in postoperative care. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Transforming Healthcare with Generative AI)
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