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23 pages, 13024 KB  
Article
Assessing Urban Flood Risk and Identifying Critical Zones in Xiamen Island Based on Supply–Demand Matching
by Lin Cheng, Guotao Li, Gong Liu and Zhi Zheng
Sustainability 2025, 17(24), 10927; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172410927 (registering DOI) - 6 Dec 2025
Abstract
The supply–demand relationship of flood regulation services (FRS) plays a vital role in mitigating urban flooding. Yet, existing studies still fall short in the comprehensiveness of FRS indicators, the accuracy of assessment scope, and the fine-scale analysis needed to delineate spatial supply–demand features [...] Read more.
The supply–demand relationship of flood regulation services (FRS) plays a vital role in mitigating urban flooding. Yet, existing studies still fall short in the comprehensiveness of FRS indicators, the accuracy of assessment scope, and the fine-scale analysis needed to delineate spatial supply–demand features and precisely identify critical areas. Using Xiamen Island as a case study, we first quantify ecosystem-based FRS supply with the InVEST model and assess socioeconomic FRS demand under the H-E-V framework; second, we perform parcel-level supply–demand matching to identify spatial patterns and typologies; then, we diagnose FRS status via the coupling–coordination degree model (CCDM); and finally, we delineate flood-risk hotspots through priority-intervention grading. The results indicate that (1) higher FRS supply clusters in the south, southwest, and northeast, whereas demand is markedly higher in the central–northern sector, yielding an overall pattern of “pronounced mismatch in the central and north, with relatively sufficient supply along the periphery.” (2) Low supply–high demand zones exhibit the highest flood risk and contain higher proportions of industrial, transportation, and residential land. (3) These low supply–high demand zones are further subdivided into five priority-intervention levels, for which we propose tiered, differentiated risk-management strategies. Collectively, the findings clarify supply–demand mechanisms and mismatch characteristics, providing decision support for urban flood safety and sustainable development. Full article
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16 pages, 226 KB  
Article
Promoting Moral Values and Improving Academic Achievement Through Sustainable Learning for University Students
by Zohra Lassoued, Amina Badidja and Kheira Lazar
Sustainability 2025, 17(24), 10925; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172410925 (registering DOI) - 6 Dec 2025
Abstract
This study aims to identify the effect of using a problem-solving-based sustainable learning model in the Educational Guidance and Counseling course, aiming to promote moral values and enhance the academic achievement of Education Sciences students at the University of El Oued in Algeria. [...] Read more.
This study aims to identify the effect of using a problem-solving-based sustainable learning model in the Educational Guidance and Counseling course, aiming to promote moral values and enhance the academic achievement of Education Sciences students at the University of El Oued in Algeria. A quasi-experimental design was used to measure the effect on (38 students) divided into two groups: an experimental group (19 students) and a control group (19 students). Data were collected through a pre-test and a post-test of the moral values scale, in addition to an achievement test administered to both groups. The results reveal that the use of the problem-based sustainable learning method has a positive impact on students of Education Sciences in terms of promoting their moral values and improving their academic achievement. Finally, this study recommends the necessity of applying sustainable learning models in university teaching as a way to contribute to the process of improving the outcomes of the higher education system. Full article
23 pages, 744 KB  
Article
Driving Sustainable Entrepreneurship Through AI and Knowledge Management: Evidence from SMEs in Emerging Economies
by Qasem Mohammed Alshammakhi and Riyaz Abdullah Sheikh
Sustainability 2025, 17(24), 10928; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172410928 (registering DOI) - 6 Dec 2025
Abstract
This study investigates how artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities shape sustainable entrepreneurship (SE) among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in emerging economies. Focusing on knowledge management (KM) as a mediator, entrepreneurial orientation (EO) as a moderator, and government policy support (GPS) as an enabler, [...] Read more.
This study investigates how artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities shape sustainable entrepreneurship (SE) among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in emerging economies. Focusing on knowledge management (KM) as a mediator, entrepreneurial orientation (EO) as a moderator, and government policy support (GPS) as an enabler, the research draws upon the Knowledge-Based View, Dynamic Capabilities Theory, and Institutional Theory. Using data from Saudi Arabian SMEs operating within the Vision 2030 agenda, the structural model demonstrates that AI primarily influences sustainability when firms possess robust KM systems capable of translating digital insights into actionable practices. Both EO and GPS strengthen the conversion of knowledge into sustainable outcomes, where EO fosters innovation and proactivity, and GPS provides essential resources and legitimacy. Nevertheless, excessive reliance on policy incentives may divert firms toward compliance rather than substantive transformation. Conceptually, this paper situates KM at the core of sustainability transformation, with policy support shaping the institutional context. The findings offer actionable guidance for SME managers and policymakers seeking to advance the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through strategic engagement with AI and KM. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue AI-Driven Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Business Innovation)
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31 pages, 8537 KB  
Review
Research Progress in Sustainable Mechanized Processing Technologies for Waste Agricultural Plastic Film in China
by Jiayong Pei, Mingzhu Cao, Hongguang Yang, Fengwei Gu, Feng Wu, Man Gu, Peng Chen, Chenxu Zhao and Peng Zhang
Sustainability 2025, 17(24), 10926; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172410926 (registering DOI) - 6 Dec 2025
Abstract
The mechanized processing of waste agricultural film is a crucial technical pathway for addressing agricultural-film pollution. Achieving resource recovery through mechanized waste-film processing—and thereby promoting the sustainable management of agricultural-film pollution—remains a major challenge for green agricultural development. This study systematically reviews the [...] Read more.
The mechanized processing of waste agricultural film is a crucial technical pathway for addressing agricultural-film pollution. Achieving resource recovery through mechanized waste-film processing—and thereby promoting the sustainable management of agricultural-film pollution—remains a major challenge for green agricultural development. This study systematically reviews the progress and limitations of shredding and film–impurity separation technologies deployed in China’s mechanized waste-film treatment. Based on multi-database searches and citation tracking of the literature published between 2000 and 2025, it comparatively evaluates key unit operations, including cutterhead/blade kinematics, specific energy-consumption (SEC) control, and airflow (air-classification) separation, complemented by engineering analyses of representative machinery. The findings indicate that integrated mechanized recovery lines have become the mainstream approach, although the recovered fraction still contains a high impurity load. Drum-type and shear-type shredding exhibit trade-offs between energy efficiency and mitigation of film wrapping/entanglement. Airflow separation and drum-screen or vibrating-screen modules show reduced separation efficiency and process stability at high moisture contents or when impurities have particle sizes comparable to the film; system complexity and maintenance burdens also warrant consideration. To address these issues, a process framework is proposed that integrates drum pre-crushing, shear fine shredding, air classification, and multi-stage screening, together with variable-frequency drive (VFD) speed control, torque monitoring, and modular design, providing a sustainable pathway for the clean separation and resource recovery of agricultural plastic film waste. Full article
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22 pages, 2885 KB  
Article
Energetic and Economic Assessment of a Solar Thermally Driven Innovative Tri-Generation Unit for Different Use Cases and Climates
by Uli Jakob, Michael Strobel and Luca Ziegele
Sustainability 2025, 17(24), 10924; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172410924 (registering DOI) - 6 Dec 2025
Abstract
The energy sector is currently under enormous transition, moving from fossil fuels to renewable energies and integrating energy efficiency measures. This transition can hold opportunities for new and innovative energy systems. This study presents an energetic and economic assessment of an innovative tri-generation [...] Read more.
The energy sector is currently under enormous transition, moving from fossil fuels to renewable energies and integrating energy efficiency measures. This transition can hold opportunities for new and innovative energy systems. This study presents an energetic and economic assessment of an innovative tri-generation unit working with a two-phase thermodynamic cycle. The tri-generation unit is driven by heat and is capable of providing heat at lower level, cold, and electricity to end users. The use cases—residential, day-use offices, commercial retail, and manufacturing industry—are integrated in a dynamic simulation model, indicating the operation mode of the unit. The results show that the tri-generation unit is able to provide heat and cold with an Energy Utilization Factor of 35% to 68%, depending on the use case. Solar thermal has a limited to potential to supply the unit with heat, due to the high temperature of 180 °C and the required unit operation at nighttime. The economic comparison indicates that the driving heat must be as low as possible and that savings through self-consumption is most relevant. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Advances in Solar Heating and Cooling, 2nd Edition)
26 pages, 1636 KB  
Article
Clinical Symptom Resolution Following PCR-Guided vs. Culture and Susceptibility-Guided Management of Complicated UTI: How Time-To-Antibiotic Start and Antibiotic Appropriateness Mediate the Benefit of Multiplex PCR—An Ad Hoc Analysis of NCT06996301
by Moustafa Kardjadj, Itoe P. Priestly, Roel Chavez, DeAndre Derrick and Thomas K. Huard
Diagnostics 2025, 15(24), 3107; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15243107 (registering DOI) - 6 Dec 2025
Abstract
Background: Rapid multiplex PCR assays promise faster and broader detection of uropathogens and resistance markers than conventional quantitative urine culture and susceptibility testing (C&S), but trial evidence linking PCR-guided management to patient-centered outcomes and the mechanisms of any benefit is limited. We performed [...] Read more.
Background: Rapid multiplex PCR assays promise faster and broader detection of uropathogens and resistance markers than conventional quantitative urine culture and susceptibility testing (C&S), but trial evidence linking PCR-guided management to patient-centered outcomes and the mechanisms of any benefit is limited. We performed an ad hoc analysis of the randomized, multicenter NCT06996301 trial to evaluate whether PCR-guided diagnostic management improves clinical symptom resolution in complicated urinary tract infection (cUTI) and to quantify mediation by time-to-antibiotic start and antibiotic appropriateness. Methods: Paired PCR and C&S were collected for all participants; treating investigators received and acted on randomized results from one diagnostic modality and remained blinded to the comparator. The modified intention-to-treat (Mod-ITT) cohort at end-of-study (EOS) included 362 participants (PCR n = 193; C&S n = 169). The primary outcome was complete clinical cure at EOS (absence of all baseline symptoms). Secondary outcomes included partial cure (≥50% symptom reduction) and per-symptom changes. We used mixed-effects logistic regression (site random intercept) to estimate associations, and causal mediation analysis with nonparametric bootstrap (B = 2000) to decompose PCR’s total effect into indirect effects via time-to-antibiotic (log-transformed) and antibiotic appropriateness (binary, adjudicated at EOS) for complete clinical cure and partial cure. Results: Median time-to-first antibiotic was substantially shorter in the PCR arm (20 h; IQR 12–36) than in the C&S arm (52 h; IQR 30–66; p < 0.001). Antibiotic appropriateness was higher after PCR-guided care (161/193; 83.4%) versus C&S (105/169; 62.1%; p < 0.001). Complete clinical cure occurred in 143/193 (74.1%) PCR versus 106/169 (62.7%) C&S (p = 0.020); partial cure in 161/193 (83.4%) versus 121/169 (71.6%; p = 0.014). In a total-effect mixed model (no mediators), PCR assignment was associated with higher odds of cure (adjusted OR 1.95; 95% CI 1.12–3.39; p = 0.018). In the mechanistic model including mediators, antibiotic appropriateness (OR 2.48; 95% CI 1.45–4.24; p = 0.001), and time-to-antibiotic (per 1 h, OR 0.95; 95% CI 0.926–0.975; p < 0.001) were independently predictive, while the direct arm effect was attenuated (OR 1.10; 95% CI 0.33–3.71). Mediation analysis estimated a statistically significant combined indirect effect (ACME) of 0.0648 (95% CI 0.0343–0.0977), ADE 0.0207 (95% CI −0.0282–0.0784), total effect 0.0796 (95% CI 0.0419–0.1225), and proportion mediated ≈ 74%. Both time-to-antibiotic and appropriateness contributed, with ACME_time ≈ 0.046 and ACME_appropriateness ≈ 0.019. Exploratory analysis using partial cure as the outcome confirmed the robustness and internal validity of the complete-cure findings. Conclusions: In this ad hoc analysis of a randomized trial, PCR-guided management of cUTI improved patient-centered symptom outcomes compared with culture-guided care. Most of the benefit was mediated through faster initiation of antibiotics and, to a lesser extent, increased probability of an appropriate initial antibiotic. These results support stewardship-integrated, rapid molecular diagnostics (used alongside culture) to shorten time-to-effective therapy and improve clinical outcomes in cUTI. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urinary Tract Infections: Advances in Diagnosis and Management)
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21 pages, 1094 KB  
Article
Efficacy of Large Language Models in Providing Evidence-Based Patient Education for Celiac Disease: A Comparative Analysis
by Luisa Bertin, Federica Branchi, Carolina Ciacci, Anne R. Lee, David S. Sanders, Nick Trott and Fabiana Zingone
Nutrients 2025, 17(24), 3828; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17243828 (registering DOI) - 6 Dec 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Large language models (LLMs) show promise for patient education, yet their safety and efficacy for chronic diseases requiring lifelong management remain unclear. This study presents the first comprehensive comparative evaluation of three leading LLMs for celiac disease patient education. Methods: [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Large language models (LLMs) show promise for patient education, yet their safety and efficacy for chronic diseases requiring lifelong management remain unclear. This study presents the first comprehensive comparative evaluation of three leading LLMs for celiac disease patient education. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional evaluation comparing ChatGPT-4, Claude 3.7, and Gemini 2.0 using six blinded clinical specialists (four gastroenterologists and two dietitians). Twenty questions spanning four domains (general understanding, symptoms/diagnosis, diet/nutrition, lifestyle management) were evaluated for scientific accuracy, clarity (5-point Likert scales), misinformation presence, and readability using validated computational metrics (Flesch Reading Ease, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, SMOG index). Results: Gemini 2.0 demonstrated superior performance across multiple dimensions. Gemini 2.0 achieved the highest scientific accuracy ratings (median 4.5 [IQR: 4.5–5.0] vs. 4.0 [IQR: 4.0–4.5] for both competitors, p = 0.015) and clarity scores (median 5.0 [IQR: 4.5–5.0] vs. 4.0 [IQR: 4.0–4.5], p = 0.011). While Gemini 2.0 showed numerically lower misinformation rates (13.3% vs. 23.3% for ChatGPT–4 and 24.2% for Claude 3.7), differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.778). Gemini 2.0 achieved significantly superior readability, requiring approximately 2–3 fewer years of education for comprehension (median Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level 9.8 [IQR: 8.8–10.3] vs. 12.5 for both competitors, p < 0.001). However, all models exceeded recommended 6th–8th grade health literacy targets. Conclusions: While Gemini 2.0 demonstrated statistically significant advantages in accuracy, clarity, and readability, misinformation rates of 13.3–24.2% across all models represent concerning risk levels for direct patient applications. AI offers valuable educational support but requires healthcare provider supervision until misinformation rates improve. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition Methodology & Assessment)
19 pages, 70686 KB  
Article
An Agricultural Hybrid Carbon Model for National-Scale SOC Stock Spatial Estimation
by Nikiforos Samarinas, Nikolaos L. Tsakiridis, Eleni Kalopesa and Nikolaos Tziolas
Environments 2025, 12(12), 477; https://doi.org/10.3390/environments12120477 (registering DOI) - 6 Dec 2025
Abstract
Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) stocks in croplands play a key role for climate change mitigation and soil sustainability, with proper management techniques enhancing carbon storage to support these goals. This study focuses on the development of a hybrid carbon modeling approach for the [...] Read more.
Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) stocks in croplands play a key role for climate change mitigation and soil sustainability, with proper management techniques enhancing carbon storage to support these goals. This study focuses on the development of a hybrid carbon modeling approach for the simulation of topsoil SOC stocks across the entire agricultural area of Lithuania. In essence, the proposed hybrid approach combines a custom cloud-based Soil Data Cube (SDC) and the RothC process-based model. High-resolution annual soil layers produced via the SDC (developed using Earth Observation and Copernicus datasets processed through AI-based methodologies) were incorporated into the RothC model to achieve reliable and detailed spatial estimations of SOC stocks. Moreover, 20-year projections into the future were conducted for (i) the business as usual scenario, and (ii) two different IPCC climate change scenarios (RCP 4.5 and 8.5) for the estimation of the SOC stock changes. The initial SOC stock varies from 15 to over 80 tC/ha while the projections present an average SOC loss of −0.14tC/ha/yr f or the business-as-usual scenario and an average SOC sequestration of −0.24 and −0.34tC/ha/yr under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, respectively. The framework aims to provide a robust and cost-effective solution for estimating SOC stocks under climate pressures, supporting EU policies such as the Common Agricultural Policy. Full article
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23 pages, 10814 KB  
Article
An Intelligent Identification Method for Coal Mining Subsidence Basins Based on Deformable DETR and InSAR
by Shenshen Chi, Dexian An, Lei Wang, Sen Du, Jiajia Yuan, Meinan Zheng and Qingbiao Guo
Remote Sens. 2025, 17(24), 3953; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17243953 (registering DOI) - 6 Dec 2025
Abstract
Underground coal mines are widely distributed across China, and underground mining is highly concealed. The rapid and accurate identification of the spatial distribution of coal mining subsidence over large areas is of significant importance for the reuse of land resources in mining areas [...] Read more.
Underground coal mines are widely distributed across China, and underground mining is highly concealed. The rapid and accurate identification of the spatial distribution of coal mining subsidence over large areas is of significant importance for the reuse of land resources in mining areas and the detection of illegal mining activities. The traditional method of monitoring subsidence basins has limitations in terms of monitoring range and timeliness. The development of synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technology has provided a valuable tool for monitoring mining subsidence areas. However, this method faces challenges in quickly and effectively monitoring subsidence basins using wide-swath SAR images. With the rapid development of deep learning and computer vision technologies, leveraging advanced deep learning models in combination with InSAR technology has become a crucial research direction to enhance the monitoring efficiency of surface subsidence in mining areas. Therefore, this paper proposes a new method for the rapid identification of mining subsidence basins in mining areas, which integrates Deformable Detection Transformer (Deformable DETR) and InSAR technology. First, the real deformation sample set of the mining area, obtained through interference processing, is combined with simulated deformation samples generated using the dynamic probability integral method, elastic transformation, and various noise synthesis techniques to construct a mixed InSAR sample set. This mixed sample set is then used to train the Deformable DETR model and compared with common deep learning methods. The experimental results show that the monitoring accuracy is significantly improved, with the model achieving a Precision of 0.926, Recall of 0.886, F1-score of 0.905, and mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) of 0.828. The detection model was applied to monitor the dynamically updated mining subsidence in the Huainan mining area from 2023 to 2024, detecting 402 subsidence basins. Further training demonstrates that the model exhibits strong robustness. Therefore, this method reduces the construction cost of the target detection training set and holds significant application potential for monitoring geological disasters in large-scale mining areas. Full article
15 pages, 551 KB  
Article
Does Government Embedment Enhance Villagers’ Willingness to Mutually Supervise Rural Residential Land Utilization?
by Sirui Chen, Hong Tang and Zhongjian Yang
Land 2025, 14(12), 2387; https://doi.org/10.3390/land14122387 (registering DOI) - 6 Dec 2025
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to clarify the impact of government embedment on villagers’ willingness to engage in mutual supervision of rural residential land utilization. It also examines the role of local elders’ involvement in this process, with the goal of improving [...] Read more.
The purpose of this study is to clarify the impact of government embedment on villagers’ willingness to engage in mutual supervision of rural residential land utilization. It also examines the role of local elders’ involvement in this process, with the goal of improving the regulatory framework for rural residential land utilization. The data used in this study are sourced from a field survey of 450 rural households in Sichuan Province, China. Data analysis was conducted using Logit, Probit, and moderation effect models, among others. The results show the following: (1) Organizational Embedment significantly enhances villagers’ willingness to participate in mutual supervision, with government-established regulatory bodies and dedicated management personnel effectively incentivizing oversight participation. (2) Due to social risks in actual supervision, Ideological Embedment fails to effectively stimulate supervisory behavior. (3) The effects of Government Embedment vary significantly across villages in different geographic locations. (4) The involvement of local elders enhances the effectiveness of Government Organizational Embedment, with their role in rural residential land governance leaning more toward practical implementation than conceptual dissemination. The findings of this study are as follows: Against the backdrop of government administrative embedment in rural residential land governance, the involvement of local elders has played a significant role in enhancing effectiveness. Efforts should continue to focus on strengthening organizational oversight of rural residential land utilization, reinforcing communication between the government and villagers, and deepening collaboration with local elders to encourage active villager participation in the supervision and management of rural residential land use. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Governance Technology and Institutional Reform for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals with Environmental and Social Aspects (Second Edition))
14 pages, 994 KB  
Article
Effects of Mixing Ratios on Branch Development in Young Mixed Plantations of Betula alnoides and Castanopsis hystrix
by Yangdong Zou, Chunsheng Wang, Yuhan Chang, Haifeng Yin, Qiong Dong and Jie Zeng
Plants 2025, 14(24), 3730; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14243730 (registering DOI) - 6 Dec 2025
Abstract
Branch characteristics (quantity, morphology, and distribution) are critical determinants of tree growth and wood quality. However, the influence of species mixing, particularly mixing ratios, on branch development remains poorly understood. This study examined the branch attributes of Betula alnoides and Castanopsis hystrix in [...] Read more.
Branch characteristics (quantity, morphology, and distribution) are critical determinants of tree growth and wood quality. However, the influence of species mixing, particularly mixing ratios, on branch development remains poorly understood. This study examined the branch attributes of Betula alnoides and Castanopsis hystrix in a six-year-old mixed-species trial plantation including monoculture of each species, and three mixtures at ratios of 1:1, 1:3, and 1:5 (B. alnoides–C. hystrix) in Pingxiang, Guangxi, China. Branch quantity (number, proportion, and density), morphology (diameter, length, and angle), and distribution (vertical and horizontal) were measured or recorded from 40 sampled dominant or codominant trees (20 B. alnoides and 20 C. hystrix). The results showed that mixing significantly increased the number and density of branches over 124.2% and 53.2%, respectively, in the lower crown (below 10 m) of B. alnoides, with these metrics positively correlated to the proportion of C. hystrix, while mixing exerted limited effects on branch quantity and size of C. hystrix. The 1:3 and 1:5 mixtures yielded more small branches (diameter < 10 mm) as well as more large branches (>25 mm) for B. alnoides. Branch distribution was almost uniform in different horizontal directions for both species, while variations in branch quantity and morphology along the stem were primarily species-specific; and both aspects remained consistent across the different mixing ratios. In conclusion, mixing B. alnoides with a low proportion of C. hystrix is proposed to produce high-quality solid wood for both species. Future studies should investigate alternative mixing patterns and higher proportions of B. alnoides in mixture with C. hystrix to optimize large-size and high-quality timber production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Plant Structural Biology)
22 pages, 6880 KB  
Article
Comparison of Broadband Surface Albedo from MODIS and Ground-Based Measurements at the Thule High Arctic Atmospheric Observatory in Pituffik, Greenland, During 2016–2024
by Monica Tosco, Filippo Calì Quaglia, Virginia Ciardini, Tatiana Di Iorio, Antonio Iaccarino, Daniela Meloni, Giovanni Muscari, Giandomenico Pace, Claudio Scarchilli and Alcide Giorgio di Sarra
Remote Sens. 2025, 17(24), 3952; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17243952 (registering DOI) - 6 Dec 2025
Abstract
The surface albedo, α, is one of the key climate parameters since it regulates the shortwave radiation absorbed by the Earth’s surface. An accurate determination of the albedo is crucial in the polar regions due to its variations associated with climate change [...] Read more.
The surface albedo, α, is one of the key climate parameters since it regulates the shortwave radiation absorbed by the Earth’s surface. An accurate determination of the albedo is crucial in the polar regions due to its variations associated with climate change and its role in the strong feedback mechanisms. In this work, satellite and in situ measurements of broadband surface albedo at the Thule High Arctic Atmospheric Observatory (THAAO) on the northwestern coast of Greenland (76.5° N, 68.8° W) are compared. Measurements of surface albedo were started at THAAO in 2016. They show a large variability mainly in the transition seasons, suggesting that THAAO is a very interesting site for verifying the satellite capabilities in challenging conditions. The comparison of daily ground-based and MODIS-derived albedo covers the period July 2016–October 2024. The analysis has been conducted for all-sky and cloud-free conditions. The mean bias and mean squared difference between the two datasets are −0.02 and 0.09, respectively, for all sky conditions and −0.03 and 0.06 for cloud-free conditions. Very good agreement is found in summer in snow-free conditions, when the mean albedo is 0.17 in both datasets under cloud-free conditions. On the contrary, the capability to determine the surface albedo from space is largely reduced in the transition seasons, when significant differences between ground- and satellite-based albedo estimates are found. Differences for all-sky conditions may be as large as 0.3 in spring and autumn. These maximum differences are significantly reduced for cloud-free conditions, although a negative bias of MODIS data with respect to measurements at THAAO is generally found in spring. The combined analysis of the albedo, cloudiness, air temperature, and precipitation characteristics during two periods in 2023 and 2024 shows that, although satellite observations provide a reasonable picture of the long-term albedo evolution, they are not capable of following fast changes in albedo values induced by precipitation of snow/rain or temperature variations. Moreover, as expected, cloudiness plays a large role in affecting the satellite capabilities. The use of MODIS albedo data with the best value of the quality assurance flag (equal to 0) is recommended for studies aimed at determining the daily evolution of the surface radiation and energy budget. Full article
33 pages, 7725 KB  
Review
Self-Powered Strain Sensing System: A Cutting-Edge Review Paving the Way for Autonomous Wearable Electronics
by Hui Song
Polymers 2025, 17(24), 3256; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17243256 (registering DOI) - 6 Dec 2025
Abstract
Self-powered strain sensing technology represents a pivotal frontier in overcoming the energy constraints of wearable electronics, thereby enabling their long-term intelligence and operational autonomy. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in integrated strain sensing systems, with a particular focus on three primary strategies [...] Read more.
Self-powered strain sensing technology represents a pivotal frontier in overcoming the energy constraints of wearable electronics, thereby enabling their long-term intelligence and operational autonomy. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in integrated strain sensing systems, with a particular focus on three primary strategies for achieving self-powered functionality: integration with energy storage devices (e.g., flexible supercapacitors and microbatteries); integration with energy harvesters (e.g., triboelectric and piezoelectric nanogenerators); and advanced systems that synergistically combine energy harvesting, storage, and management modules. The article begins by outlining the fundamental working mechanisms and key performance parameters of strain sensors. It then provides a detailed analysis of the material systems, innovative structural designs, operational mechanisms, and applications in health monitoring and human-computer interaction associated with the different self-powered strategies. Finally, the review critically examines the persistent challenges in this field, including energy balance, mechanical robustness, and environmental stability, and offers perspectives on future research directions such as multimodal energy harvesting, intelligent data processing, and the development of biocompatible materials. This work aims to serve as a valuable reference for advancing the practical implementation of truly autonomous and wearable strain sensing systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymeric Materials for Flexible Electronics)
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19 pages, 408 KB  
Article
The Impact of Work–Family Conflict on Job and Life Satisfaction Among Construction Workers: The Mediating Role of Self-Control Ability
by Chun Fu and Fei Li
Sustainability 2025, 17(24), 10923; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172410923 (registering DOI) - 6 Dec 2025
Abstract
Characterized by excessively long working hours, high personnel turnover, and frequent off-site work, the construction industry renders construction workers highly vulnerable to Work–Family Conflict (WFC). This conflict not only exacerbates role tension but also depletes their self-control resources. However, existing studies focusing on [...] Read more.
Characterized by excessively long working hours, high personnel turnover, and frequent off-site work, the construction industry renders construction workers highly vulnerable to Work–Family Conflict (WFC). This conflict not only exacerbates role tension but also depletes their self-control resources. However, existing studies focusing on WFC among construction workers remain scarce, with insufficient exploration into the underlying psychological mechanisms governing this phenomenon. Grounded in the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, this study develops a theoretical model that identifies Self-Control Ability (SC) as the core mediator in the relationships between WFC and construction workers’ Job Satisfaction (JS) as well as Life Satisfaction (LS). By establishing a Structural Equation Model (SEM), we analyzed questionnaire data from 407 construction workers in Hunan Province, China. The results demonstrate that WFC exerts a direct negative effect on both JS and LS, while self-control ability plays a partial mediating role in these associations. These findings extend the application of Boundary Theory and Self-Control Theory to the context of specialized labor. Practically, they offer evidence-based insights for organizations to enhance worker well-being, including the design of psychological resource replenishment programs and the optimization of shift schedules, thereby contributing to the sustainable development of the construction industry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Health, Well-Being and Sustainability)
20 pages, 434 KB  
Article
Age-Related Differences in How Fear, Disgust, and Sadness Influence Strategic Aspects of Arithmetic Performance
by Camille Lallement and Patrick Lemaire
Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(12), 1695; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15121695 (registering DOI) - 6 Dec 2025
Abstract
How different negative emotions influence cognitive processes in general, and arithmetic in particular, remains poorly understood, and even less is known about how these effects change with aging in adulthood. The present study investigated whether disgust, fear, and sadness exert distinct effects on [...] Read more.
How different negative emotions influence cognitive processes in general, and arithmetic in particular, remains poorly understood, and even less is known about how these effects change with aging in adulthood. The present study investigated whether disgust, fear, and sadness exert distinct effects on strategy selection and execution in arithmetic, and whether these effects vary across the adult lifespan. Young and older participants were asked to choose between two strategies (Experiment 1) and to execute instructed strategies (Experiment 2) to estimate the products of two-digit multiplication problems. Interestingly, how fear, disgust, and sadness influence strategy selection and strategy execution differed in young and older adults. Discrete negative emotions differentially influenced strategic aspects of arithmetic performance in young adults, whereas none modulated strategy selection or execution in older adults. These findings have important implications for furthering our understanding of emotion–cognition interactions as well as age-related changes in these interactions. Full article
19 pages, 2947 KB  
Article
Taking Care: A GloCal Service-Learning Experience with Teacher and Parent Education in Northeast Brazil
by Nicola Andrian, Eloisa Valenza and Alice Zucchi
Educ. Sci. 2025, 15(12), 1652; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15121652 (registering DOI) - 6 Dec 2025
Abstract
(1) Background: This article analyses a GloCal Service-Learning experience conducted by a student from the University of Padova, during a 5-month mobility period in Brazil. The experience involved conducting educational meetings for in-service teachers and parents of children in conditions of high social [...] Read more.
(1) Background: This article analyses a GloCal Service-Learning experience conducted by a student from the University of Padova, during a 5-month mobility period in Brazil. The experience involved conducting educational meetings for in-service teachers and parents of children in conditions of high social vulnerability in the city of Juazeiro, Bahia. The meetings aimed to raise awareness about the importance of fostering healthy and psychologically stimulating environments during early infancy development. (2) Methods: As part of a case study, the research focuses on teachers’ and parents’ evaluations of the meetings and the learning outcomes of the student involved. Qualitative data were analyzed using descriptive coding. (3) Results: Data analysis revealed, on the one hand, that both teachers and parents evaluated the meetings very positively and, on the other hand, the need to give the community a greater voice. With respect to student learning, the research highlighted that contextual immersion, language, and contextualized education—dimensions of the GloCal framework—emerged as interconnected and indispensable to translating care into practice. (4) Conclusions: Despite its limitations, this experience offers valuable insights into how International Service-Learning can evolve into a truly intercultural and ethical practice, bringing care and GloCal responsibility to the heart of education. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Addressing Challenges in Teacher Preparation for Transformative Education)
9 pages, 330 KB  
Article
Anemia Profile in Elite Israeli Olympic-Level Athletes—Is Screening Necessary?
by Ori Abulafia, Alon Eliakim, Tahel Shilat, Yoram Epstein and Dan Nemet
Nutrients 2025, 17(24), 3827; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17243827 (registering DOI) - 6 Dec 2025
Abstract
Background: Screening blood tests are often collected from elite athletes in an effort to optimize performance. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the yield of screening for anemia and anemia-related factors in elite athletes entering the Israeli Olympic team. Methods: [...] Read more.
Background: Screening blood tests are often collected from elite athletes in an effort to optimize performance. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the yield of screening for anemia and anemia-related factors in elite athletes entering the Israeli Olympic team. Methods: We investigated hemoglobin levels, red blood cell count and indices and serum levels of iron, transferrin, ferritin, B12 and folic acid in 407 members of the Israeli Olympic team (179 females, 228 males) upon joining the team. Results: Forty-four (10.8%) athletes had abnormally lower Hb level (8.9% females and 12.3% males). Forty-two athletes (10.3%) had low RBC concentration (9.5% females and 11% males). Twenty-one athletes (5.2%) had low iron levels (7.9% in males and 1.7% in females) and only 14 athletes (7 males) had low ferritin levels (3.4%). Fourteen female athletes (7.8%) had ferritin levels of less than 20ng/mL, and 43 (24%) had levels of less than 30 ng/mL. There were no cases of both anemia and low ferritin levels together. Twenty-five athletes (6.1%) had low levels of folic acid with higher prevalence (7%) in males. Only five athletes (1.2%) had low levels of vitamin B12, while 29 (7.1%) had levels higher than normal. None of them had abnormal Hb. In a multiple regression analysis, combat sports had significantly lower Hb levels. Conclusions: The yield of anemia screening and especially anemia-related biochemical abnormalities in adult elite athletes may be relatively low. Clearly, anemia should not be missed in the elite athlete, yet, if there are no signs or symptoms, Hb levels are close to normal and dilution is diagnosed, further frequent biochemical evaluation may be unnecessary. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sports Nutrition)
16 pages, 752 KB  
Review
A Comprehensive Review: The Bidirectional Role of Sebum in Skin Health
by Dan Li, Ziyan Zhou, Xiaobin Yang, Qirong Zhang, Jiaming Xu, Christos C. Zouboulis, Qi Xiang and Shu Zhang
Bioengineering 2025, 12(12), 1333; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12121333 (registering DOI) - 6 Dec 2025
Abstract
Sebum plays a dual role in skin homeostasis, maintaining barrier function and providing antimicrobial defense. However, its dysregulation drives the pathophysiology of common skin diseases. This review explains that abnormal sebum secretion promotes acne vulgaris by inducing follicular occlusion and Cutibacterium acnes ( [...] Read more.
Sebum plays a dual role in skin homeostasis, maintaining barrier function and providing antimicrobial defense. However, its dysregulation drives the pathophysiology of common skin diseases. This review explains that abnormal sebum secretion promotes acne vulgaris by inducing follicular occlusion and Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) proliferation, while altered composition impairs the epidermal barrier. Key factors such as high-glycemic diets, androgen fluctuations, and environmental conditions significantly influence sebaceous gland activity. The underlying molecular mechanisms involve inflammatory and hormonal pathways, including dysregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling. We conducted a systematic literature search using keywords related to sebum physiology and pathology. This review also discusses emerging therapeutic targets and the potential of advanced sebaceous gland models for future research. This synthesis provides a theoretical foundation for developing targeted interventions in dermatology and cosmetics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Biochemical Engineering)
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6 pages, 305 KB  
Editorial
Editorial for the Special Issue “Processes in 2023”
by Alina Pyka-Pająk
Processes 2025, 13(12), 3952; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13123952 (registering DOI) - 6 Dec 2025
Abstract
Scientific research is essential because it is a fundamental way to learn about the world, develop knowledge, and solve problems faced by individuals and society [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Processes in 2023)
17 pages, 364 KB  
Article
The Relationship Between Gamification Experience, Fitness Performance and Physical Activity Patterns—Gender Differences
by Gheorghe Adrian Onea
Educ. Sci. 2025, 15(12), 1651; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15121651 (registering DOI) - 6 Dec 2025
Abstract
Background: This study examined the relationship between gamification experience, fitness performance, and physical activity patterns according to gender. Methods: A total of 622 students aged 13–14 years (52.1% boys, 47.9% girls) completed a six-week gamified PE program via the Sworkit platform, integrating progress [...] Read more.
Background: This study examined the relationship between gamification experience, fitness performance, and physical activity patterns according to gender. Methods: A total of 622 students aged 13–14 years (52.1% boys, 47.9% girls) completed a six-week gamified PE program via the Sworkit platform, integrating progress tracking, digital rewards, and challenge-based progression into three weekly instructor-led sessions. Fitness was measured pre- and post-intervention using the Youth Fitness International Test (YFIT) battery—BMI, 20 m shuttle run, handgrip strength, and standing long jump. Gamification experience was assessed with the Gamification User Experience Scale (GAMEX), and the Y-PATHS framework was applied to classify physical activity patterns. Results: Significant improvements were observed across all physical fitness indicators following the six-week gamified intervention. The largest gains occurred in the 20 m shuttle run (Δ = +4.3; F = 48.22; p < 0.001; η2 = 0.60) and handgrip strength (Δ = +2.6; F = 39.74; p < 0.001; η2 = 0.51), indicating substantial improvements in aerobic and muscular fitness. Standing long jump also showed notable progress (Δ = +7.7 cm; F = 35.12; p < 0.001; η2 = 0.48), while BMI decreased modestly but significantly (Δ = −0.3; F = 7.85; p < 0.001; η2 = 0.55). Overall, the ANOVA confirmed significant pre–post changes across all domains (p < 0.01; η2 = 0.41–0.62). Higher GAMEX scores correlated strongly with total fitness gains (r = 0.54; p < 0.001) and predicted performance improvement (R2 = 0.29). Conclusions: Gamified PE can enhance both fitness performance and physical activity patterns, with clear gender-specific trends. Integrating YFIT, GAMEX, and Y-PATHS offers a comprehensive framework for designing targeted, effective PE programs for adolescents. Full article
31 pages, 2086 KB  
Article
Evaluating the Operation Mechanism of the Agricultural Industry–University–Research Collaborative Innovation Network: A B-Z Reaction-Based Approach
by Xiangwei Zhang, Xiangyu Guo, Nazeer Ahmed and Dan Wang
Agriculture 2025, 15(24), 2533; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15242533 (registering DOI) - 6 Dec 2025
Abstract
This study is based on the data from co-authored papers, collaborative patents, and jointly authored varieties involving Chinese agricultural enterprises, universities, and research institutions from 2011 to 2023. We construct a three-dimensional dynamic equation system to model the agricultural industry–university–research (I-U-R) collaborative innovation [...] Read more.
This study is based on the data from co-authored papers, collaborative patents, and jointly authored varieties involving Chinese agricultural enterprises, universities, and research institutions from 2011 to 2023. We construct a three-dimensional dynamic equation system to model the agricultural industry–university–research (I-U-R) collaborative innovation network operation mechanism. Inspired by the Belousov–Zhabotinsky (B-Z) reaction, we model a three-variable oscillator with the state variables (network structure embeddedness, partner heterogeneity, and collaborative innovation output) to represent three primary substances in the chemical oscillators. This study investigates the network’s operational patterns and its determinants. Findings reveal that the patent network operates more efficiently than the paper and variety networks. Dependence on external government support increases with innovation complexity, coordination difficulty, and social value. Although a “structural optimization–resource agglomeration–output explosion” state is theoretically attainable under threshold conditions, the observed reality reflects “marginal structural optimization–continuous resource depletion–zero output growth”. Among the entities, eighteen are active leaders, forty-two constitute a stable but low-dynamism backbone, and ninety are general participants with limited innovation capacity. Significant structural contradictions highlight the need for targeted policy interventions to guide the network toward a more advanced and orderly state. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Agricultural Economics, Policies and Rural Management)
33 pages, 375 KB  
Article
Mechanical Design Competition as a Strategy for Skill Development in Engineering: Integrating Artificial Intelligence and the SDGs and Its Educational Impact
by Abel Navarro-Arcas, Juan Llorca-Schenk, Irene Sentana-Gadea, Nuria Campillo-Davo and Emilio Velasco-Sánchez
Educ. Sci. 2025, 15(12), 1650; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15121650 (registering DOI) - 6 Dec 2025
Abstract
Engineering education continues to grapple with the shift from lecture-centered instruction to approaches that connect theory with practice and strengthen transferable competencies. This study examines an educational intervention in the Bachelor’s Degree in Mechanical Engineering at Miguel Hernández University of Elche. Our objective [...] Read more.
Engineering education continues to grapple with the shift from lecture-centered instruction to approaches that connect theory with practice and strengthen transferable competencies. This study examines an educational intervention in the Bachelor’s Degree in Mechanical Engineering at Miguel Hernández University of Elche. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of a challenge-based learning (CBL) strategy, supported by optional artificial intelligence (AI) tools and aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The intervention took the form of a design challenge in which 48 students, working in teams, developed a mechanical artifact using laboratory resources, prepared a technical report, and justified design, material, and process decisions. Data were collected through student surveys to assess perceptions of skill development, AI use, and SDG awareness. Findings indicate improved understanding of manufacturing processes, more critical and selective use of AI, stronger sustainability awareness, and gains in transferable competencies such as creativity, decision-making, and technical communication. These results suggest that integrating CBL with emerging technologies can enhance learning outcomes and motivation in technical degree programs, while offering a practical model that other engineering courses can adapt. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Technology-Enhanced Education for Engineering Students)
20 pages, 3071 KB  
Article
Reliable Gene Expression Normalization in Cucumber Leaves: Identifying Stable Reference Genes Under Drought Stress
by Wojciech Szczechura, Urszula Kłosińska, Marzena Nowakowska, Katarzyna Nowak and Marcin Nowicki
Agronomy 2025, 15(12), 2811; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15122811 (registering DOI) - 6 Dec 2025
Abstract
Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is extensively used to quantify gene expression under drought conditions; however, its reliability depends on the validation of the reference genes under specific conditions. In cucumber, reference genes have rarely been validated under drought conditions. This study identified [...] Read more.
Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is extensively used to quantify gene expression under drought conditions; however, its reliability depends on the validation of the reference genes under specific conditions. In cucumber, reference genes have rarely been validated under drought conditions. This study identified stable housekeeping genes for RT-qPCR normalization in the leaves of two inbred lines with contrasting drought responses. Plants underwent a 7-day drought period, with leaf samples collected at multiple points along with watered controls. The expression stability of 13 candidate genes was evaluated using four algorithms: geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and the comparative ΔCt method, with the results integrated using RefFinder. Ten genes producing specific and efficient amplicons were analyzed for stability. CACS and UBI-1 consistently ranked among the most stable genes, with TIP41-like as an additional reliable option, whereas GAPDH and HEL were unstable. GeNorm pairwise variation analysis showed that the two reference genes were sufficient for accurate normalization. Functional validation with three drought-responsive targets (LOX, HsfC1, and CYP72A219) and comparison with RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) fold changes confirmed that normalization using CACS and UBI-1 yielded the most biologically credible expression profiles. These reference genes will facilitate robust RT-qPCR analyses of drought response in cucumber leaves and provide a starting point for validating suitable normalizers in other cucumber organs and related cucurbits. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Crop Molecular Breeding and Genetics—2nd Edition)
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20 pages, 762 KB  
Article
Potentially Zoonotic Bacteria in Exotic Freshwater Turtles from the Canary Islands (Spain)
by Román Pino-Vera, Néstor Abreu-Acosta, Oscar Afonso and Pilar Foronda
Biology 2025, 14(12), 1753; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14121753 (registering DOI) - 6 Dec 2025
Abstract
The pond slider (Trachemys scripta) is native to the southeastern United States but has been introduced all around the world, including to the Canary Islands (Spain), along with other less-common exotic freshwater turtles such as Graptemys pseudogeographica, Mauremys spp., and [...] Read more.
The pond slider (Trachemys scripta) is native to the southeastern United States but has been introduced all around the world, including to the Canary Islands (Spain), along with other less-common exotic freshwater turtles such as Graptemys pseudogeographica, Mauremys spp., and Pseudemys peninsularis. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of pathogenic bacteria in these animals and to evaluate the associated health risks for humans and local fauna. For this purpose, cloacal samples from 42 specimens collected on the islands of Tenerife and Gran Canaria (Canary Islands) were analyzed for potentially zoonotic bacteria using selective culture media and PCR. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria were the most isolated pathogen (57.9%), followed by Yersinia enterocolitica (42.1%) and Escherichia coli carrying stx and/or eae genes (33.3%). Salmonella spp. was detected in 31.0% of the chelonians, identifying Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Typhimurium serotypes. Staphylococcus spp. showed a prevalence of 21%, mainly Staphylococcus aureus along with one antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus hominis isolate. Pseudomonas spp. were found in 10.1% of samples, although only one isolate corresponded to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Campylobacter spp. and Vibrio spp. were detected at low frequencies (<10%), and Listeria monocytogenes was not identified. Overall, the results indicate that aquatic turtle populations in the Canary Islands pose notable health risks, especially for animal handlers and people with compromised immune systems. Full article
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14 pages, 284 KB  
Article
Integrating Formal and Non-Formal Learning: A Qualitative and Quantitative Study of Innovative Teaching Strategies in Secondary Schools
by Gianluca Gravino, Davide Di Palma, Fabiola Palmiero, Generoso Romano and Maria Giovanna Tafuri
Educ. Sci. 2025, 15(12), 1649; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15121649 (registering DOI) - 6 Dec 2025
Abstract
This study explores the impact of integrating formal and non-formal learning in secondary school education through a mixed-methods experimental design. A total of 120 students (aged 14–16) from two secondary schools were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 60) and a [...] Read more.
This study explores the impact of integrating formal and non-formal learning in secondary school education through a mixed-methods experimental design. A total of 120 students (aged 14–16) from two secondary schools were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 60) and a control group (n = 60). The experimental group participated in a twelve-week interdisciplinary programme that combined traditional curricular subjects with non-formal educational practices such as sports, theatre, art, and community engagement, supported by digital learning platforms. Quantitative data were collected through validated instruments, while qualitative data were gathered through observations, focus groups, and semi-structured interviews with students, teachers, and parents. Statistical analyses (t-tests and ANOVA) revealed significant improvements in intrinsic motivation, psychological well-being, and sense of belonging among students in the experimental group compared to the control group. Thematic analysis of qualitative data confirmed these findings, highlighting increased collaboration, engagement, and inclusion. The results indicate that integrating formal and non-formal education fosters holistic learning, strengthens community ties, and promotes emotional and cognitive development. These findings provide empirical support for policies and pedagogical practices aimed at developing flexible, participatory, and sustainable educational models. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Formal and Non-Formal Learning Contexts: Interdisciplinary Perspectives in Educational Sciences)
12 pages, 227 KB  
Article
Charisma, Harmony, Unity Building, and Respect: Lessons from the Leadership of Sukarno, Indonesia
by Izhar Oplatka
Educ. Sci. 2025, 15(12), 1648; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15121648 (registering DOI) - 6 Dec 2025
Abstract
The leadership of Sukarno, the first President of post-colonialized Indonesia, stands at the center of this paper. It is commonly accepted that Sukarno played an important role in liberating Indonesia from Dutch colonialism. He was distinguished statesman and respected leader, a “magical verbalizer” [...] Read more.
The leadership of Sukarno, the first President of post-colonialized Indonesia, stands at the center of this paper. It is commonly accepted that Sukarno played an important role in liberating Indonesia from Dutch colonialism. He was distinguished statesman and respected leader, a “magical verbalizer” and a modern millenarian figure in the Indonesian political cultural context. My purpose in this paper, then, is to analyze Sukarno’s major elements of leadership in order to learn from his biography how educational leaders could manage their educational institution more effectively, particularly in traditional developing nations. A biographical analysis of Sukarno’s leadership reveals four major elements in his leadership: charisma, harmony, and an open-minded view of reality, unity building, guided democracy, and respect. Practical implications for leadership development programs in education are suggested at the end of the paper. Full article
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