MDPI - Publisher of Open Access Journals

26 pages, 407 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Al-Hajj Umar Taal or El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz (Malcolm X)? Case Studies on Islam and Interreligious Pan-African Unity

by Jimmy Earl Butts

Religions 2025, 16(5), 542; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16050542 (registering DOI) - 24 Apr 2025

A comparison between the function of Islam in the lives of Al-Hajj Umar Taal and El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz (Malcolm X) suggests that Shabazz’s example of translating his Islamic obligations into the secular philosophy of Pan-Africanism reflects more promise toward the interest of interreligious [...] Read more.

A comparison between the function of Islam in the lives of Al-Hajj Umar Taal and El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz (Malcolm X) suggests that Shabazz’s example of translating his Islamic obligations into the secular philosophy of Pan-Africanism reflects more promise toward the interest of interreligious Pan-African unity. During the nineteenth century, figures like Edward Blyden and Duse Muhammad Ali both presented the compatibility of Islam with Pan-Africanism. However, the practical examples of the steps needed to obtain interreligious unity require continued exploration. The author begins with an examination of the question of jihad and the “religious other” in Islam as understood by some. Secondly, the author focuses on Umar Taal to explore the way his understanding of Islam affected his relationship with both Muslim and non-Muslim Africans he encountered in nineteenth-century West Africa. Subsequently, the author analyzes how Malik El-Shabazz understood Islam to relate to the quest for Pan-Africanism. Using concepts from the critical theory of religion, the author will argue that Shabazz’s determinate negation of elements of his religious commitments that might hinder unity among people of African descent is instructive for the construction of an interreligious Pan-African unity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Roots, Religion and Resistance: Unpacking the Spectrum of Black Nationalist Movements)

33 pages, 2465 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Unified Size-Dependent Theory for Analyzing the Free Vibration Behavior of an FG Microplate Under Fully Simply Supported Conditions and Magneto-Electro-Thermo-Mechanical Loads Considering Couple Stress and Thickness Stretching Effects

by Chih-Ping Wu and Cheng-Dao Hsu

J. Compos. Sci. 2025, 9(5), 201; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs9050201 (registering DOI) - 24 Apr 2025

Abstract

This work develops a unified size-dependent shear deformation theory (SDSDT) to analyze the free vibration behavior of a functionally graded (FG) magneto-electro-elastic (MEE) microplate under fully simply supported conditions, open- or closed-circuit surface conditions, biaxial compression, magnetic and electric potentials, and uniform temperature [...] Read more.

This work develops a unified size-dependent shear deformation theory (SDSDT) to analyze the free vibration behavior of a functionally graded (FG) magneto-electro-elastic (MEE) microplate under fully simply supported conditions, open- or closed-circuit surface conditions, biaxial compression, magnetic and electric potentials, and uniform temperature changes based on consistent couple stress theory (CCST). The FG-MEE microplate is composed of BaTiO₃ (a piezoelectric material) and CoFe₂O₄ (a magnetostrictive material). Various CCST-based SDSDTs, considering couple stress and thickness stretching effects, can be reproduced by employing a generalized shape function that characterizes shear deformation distributions along the thickness direction within the unified SDSDT. These CCST-based SDSDTs encompass the size-dependent classical plate theory (CPT), first-order shear deformation theory (SDT), Reddy’s refined SDT, exponential SDT, sinusoidal SDT, and hyperbolic SDT. The unified SDSDT is validated by comparing its solutions with relevant three-dimensional solutions available in the literature. After validation and comparison studies, we conduct a parametric study, whose results indicate that the effects of thickness stretching, material length-scale parameter, inhomogeneity index, and length-to-thickness ratio, as well as the magnitude of biaxial compressive forces, electric potential, magnetic potential, and uniform temperature changes significantly impact the microplate’s natural frequency. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Editorial Board Members' Collection Series: Mechanical Analysis of Composite Materials)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 897 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Influence of Phenylalanine Fluctuations and Intake on a 24 h Sapropterin Responsiveness Test in Patients with Phenylketonuria

by Ana Jaqueline Nunes, Bianca Fasolo Franceschetto, Lisiane da Gama, Soraia Poloni, Lilia Farret Refosco, Tassia Tonon, Vaneisse Monteiro, Rafael Hencke Tresbach, Fernanda Sperb-Ludwig, François Maillot and Ida Vanessa Doederlein Schwartz

Children 2025, 12(5), 541; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12050541 (registering DOI) - 24 Apr 2025

Abstract

Patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) who retain residual phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) activity may benefit from sapropterin dihydrochloride (sapropterin) administration. Objective: To characterize sapropterin responsiveness in patients with PKU and investigate the impact of natural fluctuations in phenylalanine (PHE) levels and variations in PHE intake [...] Read more.

Patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) who retain residual phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) activity may benefit from sapropterin dihydrochloride (sapropterin) administration. Objective: To characterize sapropterin responsiveness in patients with PKU and investigate the impact of natural fluctuations in phenylalanine (PHE) levels and variations in PHE intake on sapropterin responsiveness. Methods: Retrospective chart review study. Patients with PKU who underwent the 24 h responsiveness test, including correction for natural PHE fluctuations, were included. Responders were defined as those who exhibited a >30% reduction in PHE levels within 8 h and/or 24 h after intake of 20 mg/kg sapropterin, correcting for the natural fluctuation in plasma PHE levels on day 1. Patients with a 28–30% reduction in PHE were considered sapropterin-responsive only if they had a concordant genotype. Results: Fifteen patients completed the test; however, three were excluded due to non-compliance. Additionally, one patient with mild PKU exhibited a borderline response, but the genotype agreement could not be assessed, rendering the test inconclusive. The rate of responsiveness could be assessed for eleven patients (six mild and five classical PKU). Among the patients with mild PKU, four were classified as responders: three at both 8 h and 24 h (reduction in plasma PHE: −75.9 ± 20.2% at 8 h and −75.7 ± 37.0% at 24 h) and one at 8 h only (reduction in plasma PHE: −28.7%). All patients with classic PKU (n = 5) were non-responders. Conclusions: A 24 h sapropterin responsiveness test incorporating correction for natural fluctuations in PHE levels identified a proportion of sapropterin-responsive patients with mild PKU similar to that described in the literature. PHE consumption should be objectively controlled during the protocol to avoid bias in determining responsiveness. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Phenylketonuria in Children)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 842 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Risk Index for Predicting Supplemental Oxygen Requirement upon Discharge from Postanesthetic Care in Adult Spinal Surgery Patients: A Single-Center Study

by Edel Rafael Rodea-Montero, Magali Yuyitzi Linarte-Guerra, Ricardo Garcia-Mora, Paulina Millán-Ramos and Sergio Manuel Orozco-Ramírez

Anesth. Res. 2025, 2(2), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/anesthres2020010 (registering DOI) - 24 Apr 2025

Abstract

Introduction: In recent years, a greater number of adults have been undergoing spinal surgery. The main complications in the postanesthetic care unit (PACU) include respiratory and cardiovascular problems, pain, and nausea or vomiting. The aim of this study was to describe the preoperative [...] Read more.

Introduction: In recent years, a greater number of adults have been undergoing spinal surgery. The main complications in the postanesthetic care unit (PACU) include respiratory and cardiovascular problems, pain, and nausea or vomiting. The aim of this study was to describe the preoperative characteristics and intra-anesthetic management of adult patients who underwent elective spinal surgery with balanced general anesthesia and to identify the predictive factors associated with supplemental oxygen requirement upon discharge from the PACU. In addition, we sought to develop a risk index on the basis of multivariable analysis allowing stratification of the probability of supplemental oxygen requirement upon discharge from the PACU. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional, retrospective, observational study, the pre- and intra-anesthetic characteristics of adult patients who underwent spinal surgery at any vertebral level under balanced general anesthesia in a tertiary hospital were retrieved. Descriptive statistics are provided, and comparison (Kruskal–Wallis) or correlation analyses (chi-square) were conducted between the characteristics of the patients grouped according to the need for supplemental oxygen upon discharge from the PACU. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and a multivariate logistic regression model were generated. All tests were performed at the α = 0.05 level. Results: Among 349 patients initially considered, only 211 were included in the analysis. A total of 45.50% of the patients who underwent spinal surgery under balanced general anesthesia required supplemental oxygen upon discharge from the PACU; these patients had significantly greater age, body mass index (BMI), surgery time, and anesthesia time. In addition, the use of norepinephrine and the use of fentanyl were associated with the need for supplemental oxygen. Our proposed risk index for predicting the need for supplemental oxygen upon discharge from the PACU, according to the implementation of a multivariable logistic model based on three simple variables (age ≥ 48 years, BMI ≥ 26.5, and use of fentanyl infusion), achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.740. Conclusions: Age, BMI, and the use of fentanyl can be used to predict the need for supplemental oxygen upon discharge from the PACU. Multicenter and/or longitudinal studies with large sample sizes are needed to confirm the results of this study and improve the prediction of the need for supplemental oxygen upon discharge from the PACU. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 5743 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Optimized Intelligent Segmentation Algorithm for Concrete Cracks Based on Transformer

by Tianhao Ye, Min He, Yexuan Wang, Jiaying Wang, Lei Zhu and Jie Zhang

Electronics 2025, 14(9), 1720; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14091720 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

The accurate detection and segmentation of concrete cracks are crucial for maintaining the integrity and safety of infrastructure. Traditional manual inspection methods are often constrained by background complexity and environmental noise, while deep learning models face challenges related to data dependency and poor [...] Read more.

The accurate detection and segmentation of concrete cracks are crucial for maintaining the integrity and safety of infrastructure. Traditional manual inspection methods are often constrained by background complexity and environmental noise, while deep learning models face challenges related to data dependency and poor generalization in complex scenarios. To address these issues, this paper proposes an enhanced transFissNet model that integrates a ResNet101 backbone with Transformer modules for self-attention and multi-scale feature extraction. The model improves the robustness of crack detection under varying lighting conditions and irregular crack morphologies. Experimental results on multiple benchmark datasets demonstrate that transFissNet achieves an accuracy of 96.8%, outperforming existing mainstream methods. The proposed approach provides a reliable and scalable solution for automated crack segmentation and contributes to the advancement of intelligent structural health monitoring. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 1080 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Hardware-Centric Exploration of the Discrete Design Space in Transformer–LSTM Models for Wind Speed Prediction on Memory-Constrained Devices

by Laeeq Aslam, Runmin Zou, Ebrahim Shahzad Awan, Sayyed Shahid Hussain, Kashish Ara Shakil, Mudasir Ahmad Wani and Muhammad Asim

Energies 2025, 18(9), 2153; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18092153 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

Wind is one of the most important resources in the renewable energy basket. However, there are questions regarding wind as a sustainable solution, especially concerning its upfront costs, visual impact, noise pollution, and bird collisions. These challenges arise in commercial windmills, whereas for [...] Read more.

Wind is one of the most important resources in the renewable energy basket. However, there are questions regarding wind as a sustainable solution, especially concerning its upfront costs, visual impact, noise pollution, and bird collisions. These challenges arise in commercial windmills, whereas for domestic small-scale windmills, these challenges are limited. On the other hand, accurate wind speed prediction (WSP) is crucial for optimizing power management in renewable energy systems. Existing research focuses on proposing model architectures and optimizing hyperparameters to improve model performance. This approach often results in larger models, which are hosted on cloud servers. Such models face challenges, including bandwidth utilization leading to data delays, increased costs, security risks, concerns about data privacy, and the necessity of continuous internet connectivity. Such resources are not available for domestic windmills. To overcome these obstacles, this work proposes a transformer model integrated with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) units, optimized for memory-constrained devices (MCDs). A contribution of this research is the development of a novel cost function that balances the reduction of mean squared error with the constraints of model size. This approach enables model deployment on low-power devices, avoiding the challenges of cloud-based deployment. The model, with its tuned hyperparameters, outperforms recent methodologies in terms of mean squared error, mean absolute error, model size, and R-squared scores across three different datasets. This advancement paves the way for more dynamic and secure on-device wind speed prediction (WSP) applications, representing a step forward in renewable energy management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Developments of Wind Energy)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 4292 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Purge Characteristics and Strategy in a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell with a Linear Segmentation-Based Anode Recirculation System

by Weihao Guo, Xiaoxuan Mu, Weida Shen, Chaoqi Ma, Jie Yu, Fu Wang and Jinliang Yuan

Energies 2025, 18(9), 2156; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18092156 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

This study introduces a novel linear segmentation method to optimize the nitrogen purge strategy for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) operating in an anode recirculation mode. The method simplifies the design of purge cycles by eliminating the need for complex mathematical modeling [...] Read more.

This study introduces a novel linear segmentation method to optimize the nitrogen purge strategy for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) operating in an anode recirculation mode. The method simplifies the design of purge cycles by eliminating the need for complex mathematical modeling and multivariable optimization, making it more suitable for industrial applications while avoiding the need for lengthy orthogonal experiments. By experimentally determining the maximum tolerable nitrogen accumulation time and leveraging the linear relationship between nitrogen accumulation and purge duration, the traditional long-cycle purge process is divided into multiple short cycles, establishing an optimal nitrogen discharge strategy. Experimental results demonstrate that the segmented purge cycles significantly reduce voltage fluctuations and improve voltage uniformity across cells. Notably, using a purge threshold with a 30 s closing time and a 2 s opening time resulted in a 19.8% improvement in voltage uniformity. In addition, a detailed analysis of the hydrogen consumption during the purge cycle reveals that an excessive purge frequency leads to significant hydrogen losses, whereas prolonged purge cycles may allow nitrogen accumulation to adversely affect voltage stability. By balancing these effects, the proposed strategy maintains the operational efficiency within the ideal range of 50–60%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section A5: Hydrogen Energy)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

9 pages, 9246 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Predation of Sympatric Owl Species by Eurasian Eagle Owls

by Ezra Hadad and Reuven Yosef

Birds 2025, 6(2), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/birds6020021 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

Our study investigates predation among sympatric owl species in the Judea Region, specifically focusing on the predation by Eurasian Eagle Owls (Bubo bubo) on smaller owl species. Field observations conducted between 2006 and 2009 revealed recurrent predation events, with 172 individuals [...] Read more.

Our study investigates predation among sympatric owl species in the Judea Region, specifically focusing on the predation by Eurasian Eagle Owls (Bubo bubo) on smaller owl species. Field observations conducted between 2006 and 2009 revealed recurrent predation events, with 172 individuals documented as preyed upon by Eurasian Eagle Owls. These results align with previous studies, demonstrating the role of larger owl species as intraguild predators that affect the survival and reproduction of smaller owls. Our findings emphasize the need for further research on intraguild predation and its ecological consequences. This study contributes to a broader understanding of the complex interactions within nocturnal raptor communities and underscores the importance of incorporating such dynamics into conservation strategies to safeguard owl biodiversity in fragmented landscapes. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 2996 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bacterial Inactivation and Organic Pollutant Degradation in Slaughterhouse Wastewater Using Ag₂O/Ba/TiO₂ Nanocomposite

by Habib Ullah, Izhar Elahi, Sahar Saleem, Rab Nawaz, Shafi Ullah, Samia Qadeer, Bilal Kabeer, Muzammil Anjum, Yi Liu, Asfandyar Shahab, Abubakr M. Idris and Zepeng Rao

Catalysts 2025, 15(5), 411; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15050411 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

Slaughterhouses generate a huge amount of highly polluted wastewater; if left untreated, this effluent could seriously threaten the environment and human health. In the present study, Ag₂O/Ba/TiO₂ nanocomposite was synthesized using the precipitation method, and its efficacy was investigated for [...] Read more.

Slaughterhouses generate a huge amount of highly polluted wastewater; if left untreated, this effluent could seriously threaten the environment and human health. In the present study, Ag₂O/Ba/TiO₂ nanocomposite was synthesized using the precipitation method, and its efficacy was investigated for the remediation of real slaughterhouse wastewater (SWW) under visible light. Its performance was assessed for the inactivation of bacterial strains identified in SWW and for the degradation of total organic solids, volatile solids, fixed solids, and heavy metals. The results indicated an excellent photocatalytic performance of the synthesized Ag₂O/Ba/TiO₂ nanocomposites, confirmed by 87.3% volatile solids, 30% total organic solids, and 40% fixed solids removal from SWW. The zone of inhibition runs from 4 to 9 mm, and the nanocomposites have demonstrated outstanding bacterial inactivation activity in this range. It has been shown that the synthetic Ag₂O/Ba/TiO₂ nanocomposites can function as an effective photocatalyst for the remediation of SWW and other waste products produced by various industries worldwide. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Enhancement of Catalytic Performance for Wastewater Treatment)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 2272 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Advancement of In Vitro Lipolysis: Two-Step Flow-Through Method for the Evaluation of Lipid-Based Drug Delivery Systems

by Katarina Rede, Mirjana Gašperlin, Marija Bogataj and Katarina Bolko Seljak

Pharmaceutics 2025, 17(5), 545; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17050545 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

Objectives: A novel two-step flow-through in vitro lipolysis model was developed for the evaluation of drug release from a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS). Methods: Firstly, the SMEDDS was dispersed in an acidic medium. Subsequently, the pH was increased, and a [...] Read more.

Objectives: A novel two-step flow-through in vitro lipolysis model was developed for the evaluation of drug release from a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS). Methods: Firstly, the SMEDDS was dispersed in an acidic medium. Subsequently, the pH was increased, and a lipolytic reaction was immediately initiated, accompanied by medium flow onset. The latter enabled increase of the initial low pH of the medium, improving the physiological relevance of the method by simulating dosage form retainment in the stomach and transfer to the duodenum, which is very important for a weakly basic active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) incorporated in an SMEDDS. Results: Conversely to the traditional pH-stat in vitro lipolysis, the developed method is not established on titration, as the reaction vessel pH is regulated by a medium flow and buffer capacity. Individual parameters, such as pancreatin activity, buffer capacity, and medium shift, were researched using traditional pH-stat in vitro lipolysis prior to their implementation in the flow-through setup. Conclusions: The concentration of the solubilized model API, carvedilol, was increased as pancreatin activity decreased and as buffer capacity increased. The ratios between release profiles obtained under different conditions utilizing the pH-stat and novel two-step flow-through in vitro lipolysis were comparable; however, the differences were more pronounced in the flow-through method. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials Science and Technology in Drug Delivery)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 2020 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Berry Fruit Extracts as Topical Cosmeceuticals for Skin Health Applications: A Systematic Review

by Filipe Silveira Azevedo, Allan Rodrigues Pires, Mary Ann Lila, Giuseppe Valacchi, Roberta Targino Hoskin, Mariaurea Matias Sarandy, Rômulo Dias Novaes and Reggiani Vilela Goncalves

Cosmetics 2025, 12(3), 87; https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics12030087 (registering DOI) - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

Berries are a popular source of natural bioactive compounds with distinctive aspects and sensory attributes. In this review, the term “berry” refers to generally round, small, colorful, and juicy fruits with English common names ending in “berry”. They have high phenolic content, which [...] Read more.

Berries are a popular source of natural bioactive compounds with distinctive aspects and sensory attributes. In this review, the term “berry” refers to generally round, small, colorful, and juicy fruits with English common names ending in “berry”. They have high phenolic content, which has been linked to their health-relevant properties. To gather information on the potential of berries for treating skin inflammatory diseases, this systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO registration number CRD 42024549567), based on studies from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase. It focused on preclinical murine model studies, with bias and methodological quality assessed using SYRCLE’s RoB tool. Studies showed evidence that berries have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties due to compounds like anthocyanins, cyanidins, polyphenols, and catechins. Berry exposure reduced oxidative stress markers, such as malondialdehyde, carbonylated proteins, nitric oxide, 8-OHdG, and pyrimidine dimers. This stress reduction was associated with NF-κB and COX-2 pathway downregulation, lower IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and MAPK, and increased IL-10. Morphological outcomes included increased collagen, elastin, glycosaminoglycans, and proteoglycans and reduced metalloproteinases. Bias analysis revealed a low risk, suggesting reliable studies. Berry treatments improved wound healing and extracellular matrix (ECM) production, supporting their potential in pharmaceutical topical formulation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Cosmetics in 2025)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

18 pages, 3316 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Transcriptomic Identification of Core Regulatory Genes for Higher Alcohol Production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae at Different Sugar Concentrations in Wine Fermentation

by Lu Chen, Xiaona Ren, Yanan Wang, Dongshu Hao, Yanying Liang and Yi Qin

Foods 2025, 14(9), 1476; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14091476 (registering DOI) - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

Higher alcohols are significant flavor compounds in wine, and the elevated sugar content in grape raw materials has a substantial impact on wine quality. This study investigates the effect of high sugar content on the production of higher alcohols in wine and elucidates [...] Read more.

Higher alcohols are significant flavor compounds in wine, and the elevated sugar content in grape raw materials has a substantial impact on wine quality. This study investigates the effect of high sugar content on the production of higher alcohols in wine and elucidates the underlying mechanisms through transcriptome analysis. The results indicate that sugar concentrations of 240 g/L and 280 g/L lead to increases in higher alcohol content of 17% and 24%, respectively. Transcriptome sequencing was employed to analyze differentially expressed genes at various fermentation stages, which resulted in the identification of the GRE3 gene. It was determined that the expression level of GRE3 significantly influences higher alcohol content. Knocking out GRE3 using molecular methods led to a notable 17.76% decrease in higher alcohol yield at a sugar concentration of 240 g/L, representing a novel finding not previously documented in the literature. This research provides valuable insights into the influence of high-sugar grape materials on the production of higher alcohols by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the associated mechanisms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Drinks and Liquid Nutrition)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 1358 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Learning Self-Supervised Representations of Powder-Diffraction Patterns

by Shubhayu Das, Markus Vorholt, Andreas Houben and Richard Dronskowski

Crystals 2025, 15(5), 393; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst15050393 (registering DOI) - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

The potential of machine learning (ML) models for predicting crystallographic symmetry information from single-phase powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns is investigated. Given the scarcity of large, labeled experimental datasets, we train our models using simulated XRD patterns generated from crystallographic databases. A key [...] Read more.

The potential of machine learning (ML) models for predicting crystallographic symmetry information from single-phase powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns is investigated. Given the scarcity of large, labeled experimental datasets, we train our models using simulated XRD patterns generated from crystallographic databases. A key challenge in developing reliable diffraction-based structure-solution tools lies in the limited availability of training data and the presence of natural adversarial examples, which hinder model generalization. To address these issues, we explore multiple training pipelines and testing strategies, including evaluations on experimental XRD data. We introduce a contrastive representation learning approach that significantly outperforms previous supervised learning models in terms of robustness and generalizability, demonstrating improved invariance to experimental effects. These results highlight the potential of self-supervised learning in advancing ML-driven crystallographic analysis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Inorganic Crystalline Materials)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 994 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Tick Dispersal and Borrelia Species in Ticks from Migratory Birds: Insights from the Asinara National Park, Sardinia, Italy

by Valentina Chisu, Laura Giua, Piera Bianco, Cipriano Foxi, Giovanna Chessa, Giovanna Masala and Ivana Piredda

Microbiol. Res. 2025, 16(5), 88; https://doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres16050088 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

Rapid environmental changes driven by human activities are contributing to a significant decline in global biodiversity, with avian species being particularly affected due to their migratory behavior. As highly mobile hosts, birds facilitate the geographic dispersal of ectoparasites, including ticks, which serve as [...] Read more.

Rapid environmental changes driven by human activities are contributing to a significant decline in global biodiversity, with avian species being particularly affected due to their migratory behavior. As highly mobile hosts, birds facilitate the geographic dispersal of ectoparasites, including ticks, which serve as vectors for numerous zoonotic pathogens. This study, conducted in collaboration with the Faunistic Observatory of the Asinara National Park between 2021 and 2023, aimed to investigate the potential role of migratory birds in tick dispersal and the presence of Borrelia spp. DNA. Birds were captured using mist nets during pre-breeding (April–May) and post-breeding (October–November) migration periods. Ticks were systematically collected and identified at the species level, and molecular analyses were performed using real-time and conventional PCR to detect the presence of Borrelia spp. DNA. Results showed a distinct seasonal variation in tick species composition. In autumn, Ixodes ricinus was predominant (99%), whereas Hyalomma species were more frequently observed in spring (78%). Molecular screening revealed Borrelia spp. DNA in 26.1% of the collected ticks, with Borrelia garinii being the most prevalent species. These findings underscore the ecological significance of migratory birds in the dissemination of ticks and tick-borne pathogens, highlighting their potential role in shaping disease transmission dynamics across different geographic regions. This study provides valuable insights into the seasonal fluctuations in tick populations associated with migratory avifauna and the epidemiological risks posed by these interactions. Continued surveillance of migratory birds as vectors of zoonotic pathogens is essential for informing public health strategies and mitigating the risks of emerging infectious diseases, but further investigation is needed to clarify the actual role of migratory birds in the transmission of Borrelia spp. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

38 pages, 5716 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Machine Learning Approach for Assessment of Compressive Strength of Soil for Use as Construction Materials

by Yassir M. H. Mustafa, Yakubu Sani Wudil, Mohammad Sharif Zami and Mohammed A. Al-Osta

Eng 2025, 6(5), 84; https://doi.org/10.3390/eng6050084 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

This study investigates the use of machine learning techniques to predict the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of both stabilized and unstabilized soils. This research focuses on analyzing key soil parameters that significantly impact the strength of earth materials, such as grain size distribution [...] Read more.

This study investigates the use of machine learning techniques to predict the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of both stabilized and unstabilized soils. This research focuses on analyzing key soil parameters that significantly impact the strength of earth materials, such as grain size distribution and Atterberg limits. Machine learning models, specifically Support Vector Regression (SVR) and Decision Trees (DT), were employed to predict UCS. Model performance was evaluated using key metrics, including the Pearson coefficient of correlation (r²), coefficient of determination (R²), mean absolute error, and root mean square error. The findings reveal that, for unstabilized soils, both SVR and DT models exhibit remarkable performance with r² values of 0.9948 and 0.9947, respectively, with the DT model surpassing the SVR model in estimating UCS. Validation was conducted using data from four types of locally available soils in the Najd region of Saudi Arabia, although some disparities were noted between actual and predicted results due to limitations in the training data. The analysis indicates that, for unstabilized soil, grain size distribution and moisture content during testing are primary influencers of strength, whereas, for stabilized soil, factors such as stabilizer type and content, as well as density and moisture during testing, are pivotal. This research demonstrates the potential of machine learning for developing a robust classification system to enhance earth material utilization. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Chemical, Civil and Environmental Engineering)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 567 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Association of Systemic Inflammatory Response Index and Prognostic Nutritional Index Scores with Sarcopenia in Patients with Metastatic Gastric Cancer

by Busra Kanbur, Ilkay Tugba Unek, Mehmet Uzun, Caner Ozturk, Raif Can Yarol and Ali Balci

Medicina 2025, 61(5), 785; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61050785 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Sarcopenia is frequently observed in cancer patients and is associated with short survival. In this study, the aim was to research the sarcopenia risk factors, the correlation of sarcopenia with inflammatory biomarkers, and the prognostic significance of sarcopenia and inflammation [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Sarcopenia is frequently observed in cancer patients and is associated with short survival. In this study, the aim was to research the sarcopenia risk factors, the correlation of sarcopenia with inflammatory biomarkers, and the prognostic significance of sarcopenia and inflammation markers in patients with metastatic gastric cancer. Material and Method: The study included 177 patients diagnosed with metastatic gastric cancer attending Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine (DEUFM) Medical Oncology clinic from 2016 to 2022. The skeletal muscle area at L3 vertebral level was identified on abdominal computed tomography (CT) images, and the skeletal muscle index (SMI, cm²/m²) was calculated. Additionally, PLR, MLR, NLR, dNLR, SIRI, SII, PIV, PNI, CAR, and LAR were assessed among systemic inflammatory biomarkers. Cut-off values were determined with ROC curve analysis. Survival analyses were performed with the Kaplan–Meier method, and risk factors were investigated with Cox regression analysis. For all statistical analyses, p < 0.05 was accepted as significant. Results: Among patients, 71.8% were identified to have sarcopenia. Significant levels of difference were identified for median SIRI, NLR, MLR, PLR, SII, PNI, and dNLR values between patients with and without sarcopenia (p < 0.05). The sarcopenia risk was assessed between groups created according to the cut-off values for inflammation markers. Univariate regression analysis found that SIRI, PIV, NLR, MLR, PLR, SII, PNI, and dNLR were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis identified SIRI and PNI as independent risk factors. For all patients, median overall survival was identified to be 12.4 ± 0.8 months (CI 95%, 10.8–13.9). For patients with sarcopenia, overall survival duration was 11.5 ± 0.8 months, while survival duration for patients without sarcopenia was 17.5 ± 4.6 months (p = 0.010). Elevation in the inflammatory biomarkers of SIRI, NLR, SII, LAR, and CAR and low PNI values appear to be associated with short survival (p < 0.05). Conclusions: In this study, sarcopenia was frequently observed in patients with metastatic gastric cancer and sarcopenia was associated with shorter survival. A significant correlation was observed between sarcopenia and inflammatory biomarkers, with SIRI and PNI identified to be independent risk factors for sarcopenia. Our study emphasizes the prognostic importance of sarcopenia and inflammatory markers for the management of patients with metastatic gastric cancer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Oncology)

25 pages, 2343 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of the Intersection Sight Distance at Stop-Controlled Intersections in a Mixed Vehicle Environment

by Jana Sarran and Sean Sarran

World Electr. Veh. J. 2025, 16(5), 245; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj16050245 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

The introduction of autonomous vehicles (AVs) on roadways will result in a mixed vehicle environment consisting of these vehicles and manual vehicles (MVs). This vehicular environment will impact intersection sight distances (ISDs) due to differences in the driving behaviors of AVs and MVs. [...] Read more.

The introduction of autonomous vehicles (AVs) on roadways will result in a mixed vehicle environment consisting of these vehicles and manual vehicles (MVs). This vehicular environment will impact intersection sight distances (ISDs) due to differences in the driving behaviors of AVs and MVs. Currently, ISD design values for stop-controlled intersections are based on AASHTO’s guidelines, which account only for human driver behaviors. However, with AVs in the traffic stream, it is important to assess whether the existing MV-based ISDs are compliant when an AV is present at an intersecting roadway. Hence, this study utilizes the Monte Carlo Simulation method to compute the PNC of various object locations on the major and minor roadways for possible vehicle interaction types in a mixed vehicle environment at a stop-controlled intersection. Scenarios generated considered these variables and the major roadway speed limits and sight distance triangles (SDTs). ISD non-compliance was determined by examining the PNC metric, which occurred when the demand exceeded the supply. The results indicated that when AV–MV interaction was present at the intersection, the MV-based ISD design was non-compliant. However, it is possible to correct this non-compliance issue by reducing the AV speed limit. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Autonomous Vehicles)

13 pages, 950 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Results of the Hungarian Newborn Screening Pilot Program for Spinal Muscular Atrophy

by Krisztina Hegedűs, István Lénárt, Andrea Xue, Péter Béla Monostori, Ákos Baráth, Borbála Mikos, Szabolcs Udvari, Adrienn Géresi, Attila József Szabó, Csaba Bereczki, Mária Judit Molnár and Ildikó Szatmári

Int. J. Neonatal Screen. 2025, 11(2), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijns11020029 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

The growing need to identify spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) patients as early as possible has shifted attention to newborn screening (NBS). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possibility of including the SMA-NBS in the Hungarian screening panel. As the [...] Read more.

The growing need to identify spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) patients as early as possible has shifted attention to newborn screening (NBS). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possibility of including the SMA-NBS in the Hungarian screening panel. As the first step, a government-funded pilot program started in November 2022 and continued until the end of 2023. Evaluation of the first 14 months was followed by the decision to lengthen the program until the end of 2024, which was further supported by the needs of society. Screening tests were performed in both Hungarian national screening laboratories uniformly using the combined EONIS SCID-SMA real-time PCR assay kit by Revvity, for the newborns whose parents gave written consent for the analysis. Altogether, 155,985 newborns were screened during the 26 months of the program, which was 87% of all newborns involved in the national neonatal screens of the same period. All 19 newborns identified on the screen were diagnosed with SMA, confirmed by a multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification assay (MLPA). The favorable results of the pilot study support the inclusion of the SMA in the national screening panel at the earliest possible date. Full article

27 pages, 7504 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Modular Multifunctional Composite Structure for CubeSat Applications: Embedded Battery Prototype Thermal Analysis

by Giorgio Capovilla, Enrico Cestino, Leonardo Reyneri and Federico Valpiani

Batteries 2025, 11(5), 172; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries11050172 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

The present work aims to develop the current CubeSats architecture. Starting from the framework of project ARAMIS (an Italian acronym for a highly modular architecture for satellite infrastructures), a new concept of smart tiles has been developed, employing multifunctional structures and lightweight, composite [...] Read more.

The present work aims to develop the current CubeSats architecture. Starting from the framework of project ARAMIS (an Italian acronym for a highly modular architecture for satellite infrastructures), a new concept of smart tiles has been developed, employing multifunctional structures and lightweight, composite materials. This enables increased CubeSat mass efficiency and payload volume. An embedded battery tile has been designed, built, and tested from a vibration point of view. In the present work, the LiPo batteries selected for the prototype have been tested with the HPPC testing procedure, to extract their equivalent Randles circuit parameters. Thus, the thermal power dissipation from the batteries can be estimated. With these data, Thermal Desktop simulations of a representative ARAMIS CubeSat are performed, considering LEO orbit and hot/cold cases. Firstly, a parametric analysis was conducted to evaluate the thermal behaviors of various design alternatives. A suitable configuration for the CubeSat was then found, enabling the validation of the embedded battery tile from a thermal point of view. The final configuration includes heaters for the LiPo batteries, a commercial CubeSat skeleton made in aluminum alloy, and a top coating for smart tiles with proper solar absorptivity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rechargeable Batteries)

14 pages, 3165 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Molecularly Imprinted Fluorescence Sensor for theSimultaneous and Rapid Detection of Histamine and Tyramine in Cheese

by Xinpei Li, Zhiwei Wu, Hui Cao, Tai Ye, Liling Hao, Jinsong Yu, Min Yuan and Fei Xu

Foods 2025, 14(9), 1475; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14091475 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

Based on dual-template molecular imprinting polymerization technology, a fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymer doped with CdSe/ZnS quantum dots was developed to construct a “Turn-on” fluorescence sensor for the rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of two biogenic amines. The biogenic amines bind to the quantum [...] Read more.

Based on dual-template molecular imprinting polymerization technology, a fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymer doped with CdSe/ZnS quantum dots was developed to construct a “Turn-on” fluorescence sensor for the rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of two biogenic amines. The biogenic amines bind to the quantum dots, which eliminates surface defects and enhances the fluorescence emission intensity of the quantum dots. By optimizing both the polymerization and detection processes, the results demonstrate that the sensor can detect biogenic amines within the range of 0.01–10 mmol/L, with a low detection limit of 14.57 μmol/L and a detection time of only ten minutes. Moreover, the sensor is cost-effective and does not require specialized instrument operation, offering a practical approach for the rapid detection of biogenic amines in complex food matrices. This study advances the development of simultaneous recognition and rapid detection technologies for multiple target molecules. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Biosensors on the Detection of Food Contaminants and Toxins)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 822 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Modification of a Two-Part Cancellous Locking Screw: A Pilot Study on Increasing Resistance to Axial Pullout Strength

by Chia-Hao Hsu, Nin-Chieh Hsu, Sung-Yen Lin, Cheng-Chang Lu, Yin-Chih Fu, Hsuan-Ti Huang, Chung-Hwan Chen and Pei-Hsi Chou

Bioengineering 2025, 12(5), 444; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12050444 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

Background/Objectives: The pullout failure of conventional locking screws (LSs, screws with a locking mechanism) may occur in patients with osteoporosis, particularly when inserted near joints or across periarticular fractures (e.g., proximal humerus). The two-part locking cancellous screw modification (TP-LCS, screws composed of two [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: The pullout failure of conventional locking screws (LSs, screws with a locking mechanism) may occur in patients with osteoporosis, particularly when inserted near joints or across periarticular fractures (e.g., proximal humerus). The two-part locking cancellous screw modification (TP-LCS, screws composed of two parts) in metaphyseal cancellous bone is hypothesized to increase bone purchase and holding power. This study aimed to test the hypothesized advantages of TP-LCS over LSs. Methods: An MTS 370 series frame with an axial/torsional load cell was used to test driving torque and axial pullout strength, following ASTM F543-07 standards. The TP-LCS group featured a newly modified screw design made from titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V), while conventional LSs (Synthes) were used for the control group. Statistical significance was assessed for selected comparisons relevant to the research objectives, including driving torque and axial pullout strength. Results: The driving torque test showed that TP-LCS had a significantly higher maximum insertion torque (4.9 ± 0.4 N·cm) compared to LSs (4.2 ± 0.4 N·cm) (p = 0.0269), although no significant difference was found in maximum removal torque (p = 0.1046). The axial pullout test revealed that TP-LCS had significantly higher pullout strength (223.5 ± 12.2 N) compared to LSs (203.5 ± 11.5 N) (p = 0.0284). Failure during the axial pullout test often involved cracking of the test block material around the screw threads, causing the screw to pull out. Conclusions: These results support the hypothesis that TP-LCS may offer improved axial pullout resistance compared to LSs, making it a potentially beneficial modification for LSs in osteoporotic metaphyseal regions or near joints. This study provides biomechanical insights into the advantages of the modified screw design over conventional LSs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Medical Devices and Implants, 2nd Edition)

23 pages, 488 KiB

Open AccessPerspective

The Impact of Brexit on UK Food Standards and Food Security: Perspectives on the Repositioning of Neoliberal Food Policy

by Sophia Lingham, Aleksandra Kowalska, Jarosław Kowalski, Damian Maye and Louise Manning

Foods 2025, 14(9), 1474; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14091474 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

Brexit, the exiting of the United Kingdom (UK) from the European Union (EU), has impacted socio-political relationships, both internally, and externally with other countries and economic groups. This has been especially true regarding international trade, and legal and market standards for food and [...] Read more.

Brexit, the exiting of the United Kingdom (UK) from the European Union (EU), has impacted socio-political relationships, both internally, and externally with other countries and economic groups. This has been especially true regarding international trade, and legal and market standards for food and food security. This paper examines how the enacting of Brexit has framed and underlined contemporary perceptions of the UK neoliberal food system, the relative importance of food standards, and the impact of policy transition on food security. Using a positional approach, perspectives and narratives within the literature are critiqued and synthesized, including academic sources, parliamentary debates, economic reports, and media analysis. The politico-economic effects of Brexit have altered food-related relationships, recalibrating trade interactions and changing the public funding that UK farmers receive. Through realigning extractive economic models, the pre-Brexit UK food system has been reset, and new perspectives about neoliberalism have emerged. Government intervention has steered away from traditional neoliberal framings towards neo-developmentalism. A dichotomy thus exists between recognizing the intrinsic right to adequate and nutritious food and maintaining existing cultural dynamics of food supply, and the use of agri-food policy as a politico-economic tool to drive higher economic growth. The implications of this policy change are stark for UK agri-food actors within food system transition post-Brexit. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Agriculture for Food and Nutrition Security)

15 pages, 795 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Textural Properties of Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO)-Hydrocolloid Beads and the Quality Parameters of Bosana EVOO as a Preservation Liquid During Bead Shelf Life

by Maria Grazia Farbo, Elisabetta Avitabile, Costantino Fadda and Roberto Cabizza

Foods 2025, 14(9), 1472; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14091472 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

The use of edible food packaging by hydrocolloid encapsulation has gained interest as an approach to preserve the physicochemical and sensory properties of food. In this study, pectin (PE) and xanthan gum (XG), naturally occurring hydrocolloids, were utilized with calcium chloride (CaCl₂ [...] Read more.

The use of edible food packaging by hydrocolloid encapsulation has gained interest as an approach to preserve the physicochemical and sensory properties of food. In this study, pectin (PE) and xanthan gum (XG), naturally occurring hydrocolloids, were utilized with calcium chloride (CaCl₂) as a bead-forming agent to develop an extra virgin olive oil-hydrocolloid emulsion encapsulating Bosana extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), a Sardinian monovarietal oil rich in polyphenols and sensory properties. This study investigated the textural evolution of EVOO-beads immersed in Bosana EVOO as a preservative liquid (PL) during 180 days of storage at 20 °C (room temperature) and 40 °C (accelerated shelf-life test). The bead texture was assessed at 30-day intervals along with selected oil quality parameters. Its hardness remained stable, while its springiness, cohesiveness and chewiness significantly decreased with time. Temperature and the interaction time x temperature were significant for cohesiveness. PL showed the expected degradation of polyphenols and α-tocopherol influenced by storage time and temperature. At 20 °C, free acidity and peroxide levels remained within EVOO quality standards, confirming the protective role of encapsulation. Between the PL and oil controls, no effect of the beads was observed. These results highlight the potential of hydrocolloid-based encapsulation to produce EVOO-beads, offering innovative applications as functional food coatings and in preservation technologies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Food Packaging and Preservation)

16 pages, 1463 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Interaction Between Lactic Acid Bacteria and Acetic Acid Bacteria in Sichuan Bran Vinegar: Impact on Their Growth and Metabolites

by Jianlong Li, Jie Wu, Meiling Tu, Xue Xiao, Kaidi Hu, Qin Li, Ning Zhao, Aiping Liu, Xiaolin Ao, Xinjie Hu and Shuliang Liu

Foods 2025, 14(9), 1471; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14091471 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

Microbial interactions are essential for maintaining the stability and functionality of microbiota in fermented foods. In this study, representative strains of predominant lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria in Sichuan bran vinegar were selected, and their interactions in a simulated solid-state fermentation [...] Read more.

Microbial interactions are essential for maintaining the stability and functionality of microbiota in fermented foods. In this study, representative strains of predominant lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria in Sichuan bran vinegar were selected, and their interactions in a simulated solid-state fermentation system were investigated. The results reveal that the biomass of A. pasteurianus LA10 significantly increased in both the co-culture and the pure culture, whereas the biomass of L. amylovorus LL34 in the co-culture (6.44 ± 0.30 lg CFU/g) was significantly lower than that in the pure culture (7.28 ± 0.30 lg CFU/g) (p < 0.05), indicating a partially harmful symbiosis between these two strains. The metabolic analysis shows that total acid (21.82 mg/g) and acetic acid (9.53 mg/g) contents in the co-culture were lower than those in the pure culture of LA10, suggesting that LL34 inhibited the acid-producing activity of LA10 to some extent. The interaction between the two bacteria also influenced the production of volatile compounds and non-volatile compounds, as revealed by GC-MS and untargeted UHPLC-MS/MS, respectively. Significant enrichment of acid and amino acid metabolism pathways was observed in the co-culture, revealing the impact of bacterial interactions on flavor development. This study provides valuable insights into the advancement of vinegar brewing technology. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Traditional Fermented Food: Physicochemical, Sensory, Flavor, and Microbial Characteristics)

16 pages, 3323 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of the Desugarization Process on the Physiochemical Properties of Duck Egg Mélange Powders

by Svetlana Kamanova, Bakhyt Shaimenova, Linara Murat, Saule Saduakhasova, Dina Khamitova, Marat Muratkhan, Baltash Tarabayev and Gulnazym Ospankulova

Foods 2025, 14(9), 1469; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14091469 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

Duck eggs are rich in essential nutrients, such as amino acids, vitamins, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, their application in the food industry is hindered by glucose, which contributes to undesirable darkening during the Maillard reaction in processing. The present study examined the [...] Read more.

Duck eggs are rich in essential nutrients, such as amino acids, vitamins, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, their application in the food industry is hindered by glucose, which contributes to undesirable darkening during the Maillard reaction in processing. The present study examined the effect of the desugarization of duck eggs using baker’s yeast on their chemical composition. The results showed that the desugarization process reduces the content of glucose and minerals (Cu, Fe, and Zn) and alters the vitamin composition depending on the treatment conditions. Changes were also observed in the fatty acid profile, including increased levels of oleic acid (C18:1), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), and linoleic acid (C18:2, ω − 6). A high intragroup correlation among saturated fatty acids indicates the stability of their distribution. An increase in the content of essential amino acids—glycine, leucine, valine, and phenylalanine—was also recorded. Correlation analysis of the amino acid composition revealed significant relationships among both essential and non-essential amino acids. Overall, the desugarization process using baker’s yeast not only improves the nutritional profile of duck egg powder but also enhances its functional properties, positioning it as a promising ingredient for the food processing industry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Food Physics and (Bio)Chemistry)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Recent Articles

Open Access Journals

Highly Accessed Articles

Latest Books

News

Blog Posts

Topics

Selected Special Issues

Selected Collections

Journals by Subject

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI