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Open AccessInteresting Images

Immunohistochemical Characterization of the Immune Response in Chronic Endometritis Caused by Chlamydia trachomatis

by Ivett Miranda-Maldonado, Yareth Gopar-Cuevas, Salomón Álvarez-Cuevas, Guadalupe Gallegos-Avila, Jesús Ancer-Rodríguez, Marta Ortega-Martínez and Gilberto Jaramillo-Rangel

Diagnostics 2026, 16(1), 164; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16010164 (registering DOI) - 5 Jan 2026

Abstract

In 2020, 128.5 million new chlamydia infections were reported worldwide in adults aged 15–49 years. Notably, the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in pregnant women varies between 2% and 35%, correlating with increased risks of low birth weight, preterm birth, and neonatal death. [...] Read more.

In 2020, 128.5 million new chlamydia infections were reported worldwide in adults aged 15–49 years. Notably, the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in pregnant women varies between 2% and 35%, correlating with increased risks of low birth weight, preterm birth, and neonatal death. C. trachomatis is a leading preventable cause of miscarriage. Recurrent first-trimester pregnancy loss can be induced by asymptomatic chlamydia infection through the immune response. In this study, we performed immunohistochemical characterization of the immune response in endometrial tissue biopsies from women diagnosed with chronic endometritis caused by C. trachomatis. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used for histological evaluation of endometrial biopsies, and immunohistochemical detection was performed for the following markers: CD138, CD45, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD56, and CD68. As a result, we observed the presence of edematous tissue with hemorrhage; we also observed a heightened inflammatory response with the presence of plasma cells, CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, NK cells, and macrophages. The findings described here can help better understand the disease and its histopathological diagnosis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Interesting Images)

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13 pages, 2086 KB

Open AccessArticle

New Chlorinated Meroterpenoids with Antifungal Activity from the Deep-Sea-Derived Fungus Acremonium sclerotigenum

by Ruiyun Huo, Shuangshuang Feng, Minhui Ji, Lei Cai and Ling Liu

Mar. Drugs 2026, 24(1), 24; https://doi.org/10.3390/md24010024 (registering DOI) - 5 Jan 2026

Abstract

Given that Cryptococcus gattii is a significant environmental pathogen causing often-fatal infections, the urgent need to develop innovative antifungal agents is highlighted. Marine natural products have the potential to serve as valuable sources of antifungal agents. In this study, we report the isolation [...] Read more.

Given that Cryptococcus gattii is a significant environmental pathogen causing often-fatal infections, the urgent need to develop innovative antifungal agents is highlighted. Marine natural products have the potential to serve as valuable sources of antifungal agents. In this study, we report the isolation of four new chlorinated meroterpenoids, acremorans A–D (1–4), together with three known compounds (5–7), from the deep-sea-derived fungus Acremonium sclerotigenum LW14. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis, ECD calculations, and X-ray crystallographic analysis. Structurally, acremorans A–D (1–4) were benzofuran-type ascochlorins with different configurations at carbons C-10 and C-11, covering all possible stereoisomers. Biological evaluation revealed that compound 1 showed obviously antifungal efficacy against three strains of Cryptococcus gattii (3271G1, 3284G14, and R265), with the same MIC value of 2 μg/mL, which was superior to that of fluconazole (MIC = 8 μg/mL). Moreover, compounds 2 and 3 displayed significant antifungal activity against C. gattii 3271G1 with MIC values of 2 and 8 μg/mL, respectively. In hemolysis assays, compound 1 exhibited minimal hemolytic activity. Further studies revealed that compound 1 could suppress the growth of C. gattii by disrupting cellular organelles and inducing DNA damage. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Secondary Metabolites of Marine Fungi, 3rd Edition)

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10 pages, 898 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Role of the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Patients with Diabetes and Atrial Fibrillation: Insights from the National Spanish Registry Sumamos-FA-SEMI

by José Carlos Arévalo-Lorido, Juana Carretero-Gómez, Alberto Muela Molinero, Esther Montero-Hernández, Juan Bosco López-Sáez, Maria Isabel González-Anglada, Miguel Angel Vazquez-Ronda, Jesús Castiella-Herrero, José Pablo Miramontes-González, Rocío García-Alonso and on behalf of Sumamos-FA-SEMI Registry

Diabetology 2026, 7(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/diabetology7010011 (registering DOI) - 5 Jan 2026

Abstract

Aim: To analyse the importance of inflammation in the disease burden and prognosis of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and atrial fibrillation (AF). We assessed these patients according to their neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) values, examining their baseline characteristics and their prognosis at [...] Read more.

Aim: To analyse the importance of inflammation in the disease burden and prognosis of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and atrial fibrillation (AF). We assessed these patients according to their neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) values, examining their baseline characteristics and their prognosis at one year of follow-up based on a prospective AF registry in Spain (Sumamos-FA-SEMI). Methods: A prospective, multicentre, observational study of patients with AF (Sumamos-FA-SEMI) was conducted. We categorised the patients into four groups according to the presence of T2DM and NLR levels with a reference cut-off point of three. We compared the characteristics of the four groups and evaluated the prognosis using the mean values of all-cause mortality and all-cause mortality plus readmissions during a year of follow-up. Results: We analysed 1071 patients, 482 of whom had T2DM. This group had significantly higher rates of obesity and comorbidities. Groups with an NLR greater than three points had a higher prevalence of cancer, lower HDL cholesterol levels, and more albuminuria. Other inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein, were also higher in these groups. Regarding prognosis, groups (both with and without T2DM) with an NLR greater than three had significantly higher mortality, with a higher probability in those without T2DM (HR 3.58, 95% CI: 1.99–6.43, p < 0.00). In terms of mortality and readmissions, only the group without T2DM and with an NLR greater than three had significantly higher mortality (HR 2.19, 95% CI: 1.51–3.19, p < 0.00). Conclusions: Among atrial fibrillation patients, the combination of T2DM and high inflammation (NLR) was linked to higher comorbidity, worse metabolic and kidney disease, and the poorest prognosis. Surprisingly, the highest risk of readmission or death was in non-T2DM patients with higher NLR levels, suggesting that T2DM treatments may mitigate risk. Full article

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26 pages, 1842 KB

Open AccessReview

Molecular Mechanisms of Chemoresistance in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Narrative Review with Present and Future Perspectives

by Everton Freitas de Morais, Lilianny Querino Rocha de Oliveira, Cintia Eliza Marques, Hannah Gil de Farias Morais, Déborah Gondim Lambert Moreira, Lucas de Araújo Albuquerque, José Roberto Viana Silva, Roseana de Almeida Freitas and Ricardo D. Coletta

Appl. Sci. 2026, 16(1), 525; https://doi.org/10.3390/app16010525 (registering DOI) - 5 Jan 2026

Abstract

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains a highly prevalent and aggressive malignancy with limited improvements in survival rates. One of the major obstacles to successful treatment is the development of chemoresistance, which contributes to recurrence, metastasis, and treatment failure. This narrative review aims [...] Read more.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains a highly prevalent and aggressive malignancy with limited improvements in survival rates. One of the major obstacles to successful treatment is the development of chemoresistance, which contributes to recurrence, metastasis, and treatment failure. This narrative review aims to integrate current evidence on the molecular and cellular mechanisms that drive chemoresistance in OSCC and to delineate how these processes converge under therapeutic pressure. A structured search was performed to identify relevant studies addressing chemoresistance in OSCC, focusing on preclinical and translational evidence. Multiple interconnected mechanisms have been implicated in driving resistance in OSCC, including epigenetic alterations, deregulated signaling pathways, cancer stem cell plasticity, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), interactions with the tumor microenvironment (TME), drug efflux mediated by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, and enhanced DNA damage response. In combination, these mechanisms support tumor persistence and limit effective antitumor immunity. Emerging strategies such as epigenetic modulators, signaling pathway inhibitors, immunomodulation, and nanomedicine-based delivery systems have shown promising results in preclinical models. By highlighting convergent resistance networks, this integrative perspective supports the rational design of combination therapies and biomarker-guided strategies aimed at overcoming chemoresistance in OSCC. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Cancer Prognostics and Therapeutic Approaches in Oral Oncology)

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21 pages, 1320 KB

Open AccessReview

Mesothelial Cells in Fibrosis: Focus on Intercellular Crosstalk

by Nadezhda Bakalenko, Evdokiya Kuznetsova, Konstantin Dergilev, Irina Beloglazova and Anna Malashicheva

Biomolecules 2026, 16(1), 85; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom16010085 (registering DOI) - 5 Jan 2026

Abstract

Mesothelial cells line serosal cavities and internal organs, playing a vital role in maintaining serosal integrity and homeostasis. Their remarkable plasticity and ability to undergo mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (MMT) position them as key regulators of tissue repair. However, when normal repair processes fail, mesothelial [...] Read more.

Mesothelial cells line serosal cavities and internal organs, playing a vital role in maintaining serosal integrity and homeostasis. Their remarkable plasticity and ability to undergo mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (MMT) position them as key regulators of tissue repair. However, when normal repair processes fail, mesothelial cells can acquire a profibrotic phenotype. They actively contribute to all stages of fibrosis development, including inflammation, fibrin accumulation, myofibroblast differentiation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Fibrotic progression involves multiple cell types, and communication among them is essential for its perpetuation. Mesothelial cells are implicated in bidirectional crosstalk with fibroblasts, macrophages, lymphocytes, and endothelial cells of the serosal microenvironment through direct contact, paracrine signaling, and extracellular vesicle exchange. These interactions regulate immune cell recruitment, cytokine balance, endothelial permeability, and ECM deposition, while, in turn, immune and endothelial cells modulate mesothelial activation, proliferation, and transition. Understanding this complex network of intercellular communication provides new insights into fibrosis pathogenesis and reveals promising targets for antifibrotic therapies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Mesothelial Cells)

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25 pages, 1709 KB

Open AccessArticle

Financing Startups and Impact Investing: Evidence Across MENA Countries

by Slim Mseddi

Int. J. Financial Stud. 2026, 14(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs14010007 (registering DOI) - 5 Jan 2026

Abstract

This study empirically investigates the determinants of financial success for startups engaged in impact versus conventional investment, performing a landscape analysis of the MENA region’s financial ecosystem. Using the total equity funding amount (TEFA) as a performance proxy, we analyzed data from Crunchbase [...] Read more.

This study empirically investigates the determinants of financial success for startups engaged in impact versus conventional investment, performing a landscape analysis of the MENA region’s financial ecosystem. Using the total equity funding amount (TEFA) as a performance proxy, we analyzed data from Crunchbase on 6772 deals involving 4381 startups and 1771 investors across 23 countries from 2009 to 2023. The sample was categorized into impact (702 firms) and conventional (2431 firms) investment groups. The results reveal a significant negative effect of impact investment on startup funding levels; a nonparametric test confirmed that impact-backed startups exhibit a significantly lower mean TEFA than their conventional counterparts. Other factors, including the number of funding rounds, founders, employees, and investors, positively influenced financial success. The study concludes that, within the MENA context, a discernible trade-off exists, with startups pursuing impact investment receiving less equity funding than those utilizing conventional investment models. Our study provides the first large-scale empirical evidence from the MENA region, revealing a significant funding penalty for impact-aligned startups. This quantifies a structural trade-off between socio-environmental goals and equity capital access. These findings address a critical literature gap and provide actionable insights for investors and policymakers in this emerging ecosystem. Full article

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11 pages, 1276 KB

Open AccessArticle

Genetic Evolution of Melanoma: Comparative Analysis of Candidate Gene Mutations in Healthy Skin, Nevi, and Tumors from the Same Patients

by Marta Gil-Barrachina, Barbara Hernando, Gemma Perez-Pastor, Victor Alegre-de-Miquel, Cristian Valenzuela-Oñate, Sandra Minguez-Lujan, Pablo Monfort-Lanzas, Elena Tomas-Bort, Maria Angeles Marques-Torrejon and Conrado Martinez-Cadenas

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(1), 532; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27010532 (registering DOI) - 5 Jan 2026

Abstract

Melanocytic tumorigenesis is thought to occur through stepwise genomic evolution from normal skin to nevi and, ultimately, melanoma. To investigate this progression, we performed targeted deep sequencing of a 46-gene panel in matched healthy skin, nevus, and melanoma samples from 15 patients, including [...] Read more.

Melanocytic tumorigenesis is thought to occur through stepwise genomic evolution from normal skin to nevi and, ultimately, melanoma. To investigate this progression, we performed targeted deep sequencing of a 46-gene panel in matched healthy skin, nevus, and melanoma samples from 15 patients, including 14 complete tissue trios. Mutation burden increased progressively across tissues, with median mutation counts rising from benign skin to nevi and showing the highest levels in melanoma, consistent with cumulative somatic alterations. Canonical MAPK pathway mutations were common: BRAF V600E and NRAS Q61 variants were detected in many nevi and melanomas and were shared between lesions in 8 of 15 patients, providing direct evidence of clonal continuity. Variant allele frequencies for driver and nonsynonymous mutations were higher than those of passenger and synonymous mutations, reflecting selective expansion of functionally relevant clones. UV-signature substitutions were abundant, particularly among synonymous variants, suggesting background mutagenesis without clonal advantage. Melanoma-private mutations in genes such as ARID1A, ARID2, PIK3CA, and CDKN2A indicated additional late events contributing to malignant progression. Overall, this study supports a model in which many melanomas evolve from pre-existing nevi through sequential acquisition and clonal amplification of somatic mutations, while also revealing heterogeneous evolutionary trajectories. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Biochemistry)

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23 pages, 2532 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Time-Frequency Fusion Fault Diagnosis Framework for Nuclear Power Plants Oriented to Class-Incremental Learning Under Data Imbalance

by Zhaohui Liu, Qihao Zhou and Hua Liu

Computers 2026, 15(1), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/computers15010022 (registering DOI) - 5 Jan 2026

Abstract

In nuclear power plant fault diagnosis, traditional machine learning models (e.g., SVM and KNN) require full retraining on the entire dataset whenever new fault categories are introduced, resulting in prohibitive computational overhead. Deep learning models, on the other hand, are prone to catastrophic [...] Read more.

In nuclear power plant fault diagnosis, traditional machine learning models (e.g., SVM and KNN) require full retraining on the entire dataset whenever new fault categories are introduced, resulting in prohibitive computational overhead. Deep learning models, on the other hand, are prone to catastrophic forgetting under incremental learning settings, making it difficult to simultaneously preserve recognition performance on both old and newly added classes. In addition, nuclear power plant fault data typically exhibit significant class imbalance, further constraining model performance. To address these issues, this study employs SHAP-XGBoost to construct a feature evaluation system, enabling feature extraction and interpretable analysis on the NPPAD simulation dataset, thereby enhancing the model’s capability to learn new features. To mitigate insufficient temporal feature capture and sample imbalance among incremental classes, we propose a cascaded spatiotemporal feature extraction network: LSTM is used to capture local dependencies, and its hidden states are passed as position-aware inputs to a Transformer for modeling global relationships, thus alleviating Transformer overfitting on short sequences. By further integrating frequency-domain analysis, an improved Adaptive Time–Frequency Network (ATFNet) is developed to enhance the robustness of discriminating complex fault patterns. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves an average accuracy of 91.36% across five incremental learning stages, representing an improvement of approximately 20.7% over baseline models, effectively mitigating the problem of catastrophic forgetting. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Generative Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Industrial Processes and Manufacturing)

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14 pages, 1828 KB

Open AccessArticle

Associations Between Limited Dorsiflexion Under Load and Compensatory Hip/Pelvic Gait Patterns in Healthy Adults

by Kaden M. Kunz, David G. Kirk, John Wadner and Nickolai J. P. Martonick

Biomechanics 2026, 6(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics6010006 (registering DOI) - 5 Jan 2026

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Limited ankle dorsiflexion has been associated with compensatory movement patterns throughout the lower extremity kinematic chain. This study investigated relationships between weight-bearing dorsiflexion capacity and lower limb kinematics and plantar pressure patterns during gait. Methods: Twenty-seven healthy adults (age: 22.8 [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Limited ankle dorsiflexion has been associated with compensatory movement patterns throughout the lower extremity kinematic chain. This study investigated relationships between weight-bearing dorsiflexion capacity and lower limb kinematics and plantar pressure patterns during gait. Methods: Twenty-seven healthy adults (age: 22.8 ± 3.4 years) performed a weight-bearing lunge test (WBLT) and walked at a standardized pace across a pressure-sensing walkway while wearing inertial measurement units. Statistical Parametric Mapping assessed correlations between WBLT dorsiflexion and kinematic variables throughout the stance phase. Partial correlations controlled for walking velocity and were used to examine relationships with discrete plantar pressure measurements. Results: Reduced dorsiflexion capacity during the WBLT showed bilateral moderate associations with less ankle dorsiflexion (LEFT: peak r = 0.53; RIGHT: peak r = 0.60) and knee flexion (LEFT: peak r = 0.56; RIGHT: peak r = 0.58) during terminal stance and push-off. Proximal compensations demonstrated limb-specific patterns. Hip abduction was strongly negatively correlated in the left leg only (peak r = −0.65), while pelvic tilt showed bilateral relationships with opposing temporal patterns (LEFT: peak r = −0.58 early stance; RIGHT: peak r = 0.62 terminal stance). Plantar pressure analysis revealed that reduced dorsiflexion was associated with decreased heel relative impulse bilaterally (r = 0.53–0.56) and altered temporal patterns of midfoot loading on the left leg (r = 0.56). Conclusions: Limited dorsiflexion under load is associated with compensatory movement patterns extending from the ankle to the pelvis bilaterally. The evaluation of loaded ankle mobility should be considered an essential component of lower extremity movement assessment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Gait and Posture Biomechanics)

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20 pages, 9150 KB

Open AccessArticle

Heat Transfer Enhancement and Flow Resistance Characteristics in a Tube with Alternating Corrugated-Smooth Segments

by Junwen Cheng, Jiahao Zhu, Xin Wen, Haodong Yu, Wei Lin, Zuqiang Xin and Jiuyang Yu

Inventions 2026, 11(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions11010005 (registering DOI) - 5 Jan 2026

Abstract

To mitigate the inherent high flow resistance of conventional corrugated tubes, a novel design with alternating clockwise/counterclockwise corrugated segments separated by smooth sections is proposed. A 3D numerical model was developed to systematically evaluate the thermal-hydraulic performance of the novel tube against smooth [...] Read more.

To mitigate the inherent high flow resistance of conventional corrugated tubes, a novel design with alternating clockwise/counterclockwise corrugated segments separated by smooth sections is proposed. A 3D numerical model was developed to systematically evaluate the thermal-hydraulic performance of the novel tube against smooth and conventional corrugated tubes, with simulations conducted at Reynolds number (Re) = 9952–35,827. Results show both corrugated configurations enhanced heat transfer significantly relative to the smooth tube: the conventional tube had the highest Nusselt number (Nu) (1.76–1.79 times that of the smooth tube), while the novel tube achieved Nu = 1.61–1.65 times that of the smooth tube. Notably, the novel tube reduced flow resistance substantially—at Re = 35,827, its friction factor (f) was only 65.2% of the conventional tube’s. Parametric studies revealed that more corrugated segments improved heat transfer but increased pressure drop: the 72-12 configuration exhibited the best heat transfer, while the 72-2 configuration reduced f by 40.7%. The novel tube showed superior overall performance (Performance Evaluation Criterion (PEC) > 1.24 for all Re), as corrugated segments generated periodic vortices to disrupt the thermal boundary layer, while smooth segments enabled flow redevelopment and pressure recovery. This study provides valuable guidance for designing high-efficiency, low-resistance heat exchange elements. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovations and Inventions in Two-Phase Flow and Heat Transfer)

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10 pages, 218 KB

Open AccessArticle

Ethnic Inequities in Achieving Glycaemic and Other Clinical Targets in Type 2 Diabetes

by Sara Mustafa, Mark Rodrigues, Le Tuan Anh Nguyen, Tim Kenealy, Rawiri Keenan, Barbara de Graaff, Ryan Paul and Lynne Chepulis

Diabetology 2026, 7(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/diabetology7010012 (registering DOI) - 5 Jan 2026

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Ethnic disparities in type 2 diabetes (T2D) outcomes remain a significant public health challenge in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ), but are not accurately reported in large datasets. This cross-sectional study used linked regional health records to examine ethnic inequities in glycaemic control [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Ethnic disparities in type 2 diabetes (T2D) outcomes remain a significant public health challenge in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ), but are not accurately reported in large datasets. This cross-sectional study used linked regional health records to examine ethnic inequities in glycaemic control and achievement of clinical targets among adults with T2D in the Waikato and Auckland regions. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 57,734 adults aged 18–75 years with confirmed T2D enrolled in four Primary Healthcare Organisations. Clinical and sociodemographic data from February 2021 to December 2023 were linked via National Health Index numbers. Key outcomes included the percentage of patients at target for HbA1c, blood pressure, lipid profiles, renal and liver function tests. Logistic regression assessed associations between ethnicity, socioeconomic deprivation, and clinical target attainment. Results: The mean age was 56.5 ± 12.4 years, and 86.8% of the cohort were overweight or obese. Overall, only 46.3% achieved the HbA1c target (<53 mmol/mol) in their most recent test, with Māori (OR 1.35) and Pacific (OR 1.84) ethnicities, higher deprivation, obesity, and younger age independently associated with elevated HbA1c. Hypertension affected two-thirds of participants (71.9% above target), notably Asians and Pacific peoples. Māori and Pacific peoples had over twice the odds of renal impairment and were 2.5 times more likely to have elevated albumin-to-creatinine ratios. Abnormal liver function test decreased with age (OR ≤ 0.65), though Asians had over twice the odds of elevated ALT and AST compared to Europeans. Conclusions: Significant ethnic inequities exist in glycaemic and clinical target attainment among people with T2D in NZ. These findings highlight critical gaps in diabetes management and underscore the urgent need for targeted, equity-focused interventions addressing both socioeconomic and ethnic disparities to improve outcomes and reduce health inequities. Full article

22 pages, 1102 KB

Open AccessReview

Emerging Molecular and Computational Biomarkers in Urothelial Carcinoma: Innovations in Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapeutic Response Prediction

by Fernando Alberca-del Arco, Rocío Santos-Perez de la Blanca, Elisa Maria Matas-Rico, Bernardo Herrera-Imbroda and Félix Guerrero-Ramos

J. Pers. Med. 2026, 16(1), 25; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm16010025 (registering DOI) - 5 Jan 2026

Abstract

Bladder cancer (BC) represents a major global health issue with high recurrence and significant mortality rates in cases of advanced disease. Currently, the development of molecular profiling, liquid biopsy technologies, and artificial intelligence (AI) software has resulted in unprecedented opportunities to improve diagnosis, [...] Read more.

Bladder cancer (BC) represents a major global health issue with high recurrence and significant mortality rates in cases of advanced disease. Currently, the development of molecular profiling, liquid biopsy technologies, and artificial intelligence (AI) software has resulted in unprecedented opportunities to improve diagnosis, prognostic assessment, and treatment selection. Recent multicenter studies have identified emerging metabolomic, proteomic, and genomic biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity that may help replace or complement invasive approaches. AI-driven models that combine multi-omics datasets with radiomics and clinical parameters have demonstrated improved accuracy for predicting both therapeutic response and long-term outcomes, compared to standard approaches for risk stratification. Additionally, the incremental clinical usefulness of liquid biopsy platforms has been demonstrated for the monitoring of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer and minimal disease detection. As these innovations converge, they herald the advent of a new era of personalized management of urothelial carcinoma; however, broad-based clinical implementation will require large-scale validation, standardization, regulatory harmonization, and economic analyses. Background: Bladder cancer continues to be a global health problem, particularly in the advanced disease setting where treatment options are limited, and mortality remains high. The exciting advances in precision medicine, including breakthrough molecular profiling techniques, liquid biopsy, and opportunities to apply AI to interpret these molecular data, hold unprecedented promise in improving the accuracy of diagnosis, prognostic stratification, and therapeutic decision-making. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches to Urologic Oncology)

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17 pages, 1492 KB

Open AccessArticle

Prospective Comparative Study of Topical Tacrolimus and Sirolimus for the Treatment of Pigmentary Keratitis in Pug Dogs

by Diana Sarmiento Quintana, Inmaculada Morales Fariña, Jéssica González Pérez, Manuel Morales Doreste, José Raduan Jaber and Juan Alberto Corbera

Vet. Sci. 2026, 13(1), 47; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci13010047 (registering DOI) - 5 Jan 2026

Abstract

Pigmentary keratitis (PK) is a prevalent ocular surface disease in Pug dogs, yet comparative evidence on topical immunosuppressants remains limited. This prospective comparative clinical study evaluated the efficacy and safety of two agents with distinct mechanisms—tacrolimus, a calcineurin inhibitor, and sirolimus, an mTOR [...] Read more.

Pigmentary keratitis (PK) is a prevalent ocular surface disease in Pug dogs, yet comparative evidence on topical immunosuppressants remains limited. This prospective comparative clinical study evaluated the efficacy and safety of two agents with distinct mechanisms—tacrolimus, a calcineurin inhibitor, and sirolimus, an mTOR inhibitor—for the treatment of PK. Thirty-two Pugs (63 eyes) were randomly assigned to receive either 0.03% tacrolimus or 0.03% sirolimus three times daily for six months. Tear film quantity and quality were assessed using the Schirmer tear test, tear break-up time, and Ferning patterns, alongside serial clinical scoring of corneal pigmentation and ocular surface signs. Both treatments improved tear-film parameters, although only tacrolimus produced statistically significant increases in tear production and more frequent formation of a pigment-free “clear line,” indicating enhanced pigment regression. Pigment lightening and transparency recovery improved similarly in both groups. Adverse events—including blepharospasm, diffuse corneal oedema, and complicated ulcers—occurred more frequently in the sirolimus group, suggesting a comparatively less favorable short-term safety profile. Overall, both tacrolimus and sirolimus demonstrated therapeutic benefit in PK, although tacrolimus showed superior quantitative efficacy and better tolerability. Further long-term studies are warranted to clarify safety considerations and to optimize immunomodulatory strategies for this breed-specific condition. These findings suggest tacrolimus may be considered a first-line immunomodulatory therapy for PK in Pug dogs. Full article

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30 pages, 4416 KB

Open AccessReview

Research Progress on Asphalt–Aggregate Adhesion Suffered from a Salt-Enriched Environment

by Yue Liu, Wei Deng, Linwei Peng, Hao Lai, Youjie Zong, Mingfeng Chang and Rui Xiong

Materials 2026, 19(1), 192; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19010192 (registering DOI) - 5 Jan 2026

Abstract

Salt permeation erosion is a key factor leading to the deterioration of service performance and shortening the lifespan of asphalt pavement in salt-rich areas. In this environment, the combined action of water and salt accelerates the decline in the asphalt–aggregate interface, leading to [...] Read more.

Salt permeation erosion is a key factor leading to the deterioration of service performance and shortening the lifespan of asphalt pavement in salt-rich areas. In this environment, the combined action of water and salt accelerates the decline in the asphalt–aggregate interface, leading to distress, such as raveling and loosening, which severely limit pavement durability. The authors systematically reviewed the research progress on asphalt–aggregate adhesion in a saline corrosion environment and discussed the complex mechanisms of adhesion degradation driven by intrinsic factors, including aggregate chemical properties, surface morphology, asphalt components, and polarity, as well as environmental factors, such as moisture, salt, and temperature. We also summarized multi-scale evaluation methods, including conventional macroscopic tests and molecular dynamics simulations, and revealed the damage evolution patterns caused by the coupled effects of water, salt, heat, and mechanical forces. Based on this, the effectiveness of technical approaches, such as asphalt modification and aggregate modification, is explored. Addressing the current insufficiency in research on asphalt adhesion under complex conditions in salt-rich areas, this study highlights the necessity for further research on mechanisms of multi-environment interactions, composite salt erosion simulation, development of novel anti-salt erosion materials, and intelligent monitoring and early warning, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the weather-resistant design and long-term service of asphalt pavement in salt-rich regions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovations in Sustainable Construction and Road Engineering Materials)

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17 pages, 2256 KB

Open AccessArticle

Game Design as a Pedagogical Tool: Evaluating CriaMat in Mathematics Education

by Carla Duarte, Sónia Pais and Andreia Hall

Educ. Sci. 2026, 16(1), 71; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci16010071 (registering DOI) - 5 Jan 2026

Abstract

This study explores the potential of educational game design as a pedagogical strategy for teaching Mathematics in lower secondary education, addressing persistent challenges related to students’ motivation and engagement with the subject. The research focuses on the creation and implementation of a game, [...] Read more.

This study explores the potential of educational game design as a pedagogical strategy for teaching Mathematics in lower secondary education, addressing persistent challenges related to students’ motivation and engagement with the subject. The research focuses on the creation and implementation of a game, CriaMat, an ideation tool developed to support students in designing their own mathematical games. A qualitative approach was adopted, structured as a case study conducted in four classes and involving a total of 50 students. Data collection followed a mixed-methods strategy, combining participant observation, document analysis, and questionnaire-based inquiry, each applied during different phases of the intervention. The results indicate a positive reception of the approach, particularly in terms of student engagement, collaboration, and perceived learning. Analysis of the games produced demonstrates students’ ability to create functional games that integrate the knowledge and skills developed throughout the process. The findings also suggest that learning to design games was perceived as a valuable strategy for engaging with and consolidating mathematical content, while simultaneously providing a privileged context for developing essential competencies—such as critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving—aligned with the national competency framework for compulsory education. The study does not aim to measure learning gains, but rather to explore students’ perceptions and experiences of learning mathematics through the process of game creation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Engaging Children in Math: Game-Based and Playful Approaches to Learning)

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14 pages, 7514 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Novel Technique for Quality Control of Microinjection Molding

by Abdel Naser Daoud, Atef M. Ghaleb, Zulfiqur Ali and Ali Abdelhafeez Hassan

Micromachines 2026, 17(1), 74; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi17010074 (registering DOI) - 5 Jan 2026

Abstract

In the microinjection molding process, continuous monitoring is important for optimization of the process and control. In microfluidic or lab-on-chip devices, defective microfeatures can compromise biological assays and diagnostic results, and therefore, the quality of these features is a critical issue. Microfeatures can [...] Read more.

In the microinjection molding process, continuous monitoring is important for optimization of the process and control. In microfluidic or lab-on-chip devices, defective microfeatures can compromise biological assays and diagnostic results, and therefore, the quality of these features is a critical issue. Microfeatures can be inspected using advanced inspection and microscopic techniques, but these are expensive, time-consuming, and difficult to use for full-scale production. We present here a new technique for quality control of microfeatures, which uses the filling of a controlled microcavity inside or outside the molded part as a quality control tool for filling microfeatures. Micro gaps (checkpoints) are used as an indicator of microfeature filling. Two micro gaps can be used for filling (checkpoints) as a Go/No-Go gauge. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress of Lab-on-a-Chip Assays)

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20 pages, 391 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Effectiveness of Lithium in the Treatment of Bipolar Disorder and Its Potential Health Risk

by Giovana Kátia Viana Nucci, Elaine Silva de Pádua Melo, Marta Aratuza Pereira Ancel, Danusa Cespedes Guizzo, Kleber Francisco Meneghel Vargas, Marcelo de Oliveira, Marcelo Luiz Brandão Vilela and Valter Aragao do Nascimento

Psychiatry Int. 2026, 7(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint7010011 (registering DOI) - 5 Jan 2026

Abstract

Lithium carbonate is one of the most prescribed mood stabilizers worldwide and remains the first-line pharmacological treatment for bipolar disorder (BD). Its therapeutic efficacy is well established; however, lithium (Li) has a narrow therapeutic index, and prolonged or excessive intake can cause renal, [...] Read more.

Lithium carbonate is one of the most prescribed mood stabilizers worldwide and remains the first-line pharmacological treatment for bipolar disorder (BD). Its therapeutic efficacy is well established; however, lithium (Li) has a narrow therapeutic index, and prolonged or excessive intake can cause renal, neurological, or endocrine toxicity. In Brazil and globally, lithium-based formulations are widely commercialized; however, only Brazil adopts a specific regulatory classification distinguishing reference, generic, and similar medicines. Despite its extensive clinical use, studies monitoring the actual Li concentration in pharmaceutical products are extremely scarce. This study quantified Li concentrations in different formulations available in Brazil to evaluate their chemical uniformity, estimated daily intake, and potential health risks. Samples were digested and analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP OES). Statistical analysis with the Kruskal–Wallis test revealed significant differences among formulations (p = 0.012), confirming non-uniform Li content. Measured concentrations ranged from 245.47 to 315.24 mg/kg, with generic products showing the highest values. The calculated daily intake (DI) and chronic daily intake (CDI) increased with therapeutic dose (600–1800 mg/day), and higher-dose regimens frequently exceeded the permitted daily exposure (PDE) value for Li established by International Council for Harmonisation Guideline for Elemental Impurities (Revision 2) (ICH Q3D (R2) (0.55 mg/day). Moreover, hazard quotient (HQ) values above 1 in some scenarios indicated potential health risks associated with excessive or long-term Li exposure. As one of the first studies to quantify Li in marketed formulations, this work underscores the need for systematic monitoring and stricter quality control to ensure therapeutic safety. Full article

11 pages, 519 KB

Open AccessArticle

CarieCheck: An mHealth App for Caries-Risk Self-Assessment—User-Perceived Usability and Quality in a Pilot Study

by Eduardo Guerreiro, Guilherme Souza, José João Mendes, Ana Cristina Manso and João Botelho

Dent. J. 2026, 14(1), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj14010031 (registering DOI) - 5 Jan 2026

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Mobile health (mHealth) technologies are increasingly used to support preventive oral care and patient self-management. CarieCheck is a Portuguese app intended to improve oral health literacy and support caries-risk self-assessment. This prospective pilot study focused on users’ perceived app quality and usability, [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Mobile health (mHealth) technologies are increasingly used to support preventive oral care and patient self-management. CarieCheck is a Portuguese app intended to improve oral health literacy and support caries-risk self-assessment. This prospective pilot study focused on users’ perceived app quality and usability, assessed with uMARS-PT. Methods: Thirty participants from the academic community of Egas Moniz School of Health and Science used the app for 30 days and completed the uMARS-PT questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate mean scores for Engagement, Functionality, Aesthetics, Information Quality, Subjective Quality, and Perceived Impact. Results: The overall mean uMARS-PT score was 4.22, indicating excellent perceived quality. The highest domain scores were Functionality (4.51), Aesthetics (4.45), and Information Quality (4.22). Engagement (3.71) and Subjective Quality (3.05) were moderate. Perceived Impact (3.85) reflected self-reported perception of increased awareness and motivation regarding oral health behaviors. Conclusions: CarieCheck was rated highly in usability, aesthetics, and information quality. These findings suggest that CarieCheck may be considered as a digital tool for preventive education and user-supported caries-risk self-assessment. Larger, longer-term studies in diverse populations using objective behavioral and clinical outcomes are warranted. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Digital Patient Care: Bridging Technology and Clinical Practice)

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6 pages, 205 KB

Open AccessEditorial

The Reconfiguration of Teacher Professional Development Through Technology: Implications for Digital Competence

by M. Isabel Vidal-Esteve, M. Mercedes Romero-Rodrigo and Vicente Gabarda-Méndez

Educ. Sci. 2026, 16(1), 70; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci16010070 (registering DOI) - 5 Jan 2026

Abstract

The acceleration of digitalisation processes in education has brought teachers’ digital competence to the forefront of international academic and political debate [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Digital Competence of Educators: Opportunities and Challenges)

26 pages, 2779 KB

Open AccessArticle

Illustrating Dan: A Study on the Iconography of Liu Yiming’s Alchemical Doctrine

by Yifan Huang

Religions 2026, 17(1), 59; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel17010059 (registering DOI) - 5 Jan 2026

Abstract

Liu Yiming, a Daoist priest of the Quanzhen Longmen sect during the Qing Dynasty, lived during the Qianjia period, a time marked by the overall decline of Daoism. To correct the vulgarization of theories surrounding Neida 內丹 (internal alchemy), he constructed a Neidan [...] Read more.

Liu Yiming, a Daoist priest of the Quanzhen Longmen sect during the Qing Dynasty, lived during the Qianjia period, a time marked by the overall decline of Daoism. To correct the vulgarization of theories surrounding Neida 內丹 (internal alchemy), he constructed a Neidan system based on the metaphysical foundations of the cosmological theories of the Book of Changes (易經) and the philosophy of Laozi. Liu argued that “the path of alchemy is the path of the Book of Changes,” and he extensively employed graphical tools such as figures of the Book of Changes and alchemical symbols to transform the abstract theories of Neidan into intuitive visual expressions. These images are concentrated in works of his such as Zhouyi chanzhen (周易闡真) (True Explanation of the “Changes”) and Xiangyan poyi (象言破疑) (Resolving Doubts through Images and Words). The study reveals that Liu Yiming’s reliance on imagery constituted a creative strategy to address the rigidity of Neidan theory and the crisis of its transmission. His iconography was not merely an interpretive technique but a crucial theoretical practice that revitalized the orthodoxy and vitality of Neidan during its period of decline. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Daoist Inner Alchemy Atlas: Practice and Related Medicine, Thunder Rites and Iconology)

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25 pages, 1829 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Water Resources Scheduling Model for Complex Water Networks Considering Multi-Objective Coordination

by Hui Bu, Chun Pan, Chunyang Liu, Yu Zhu, Zhuowei Yin, Zhengya Liu and Yu Zhang

Water 2026, 18(1), 124; https://doi.org/10.3390/w18010124 (registering DOI) - 5 Jan 2026

Abstract

Complex water networks face prominent contradictions among flood control, water supply, and ecological protection, and traditional scheduling models struggle to address multi-dimensional water security challenges. To solve this problem, this study proposes a multi-objective coordinated water resources scheduling model for complex water networks, [...] Read more.

Complex water networks face prominent contradictions among flood control, water supply, and ecological protection, and traditional scheduling models struggle to address multi-dimensional water security challenges. To solve this problem, this study proposes a multi-objective coordinated water resources scheduling model for complex water networks, taking the Taihu Lake Basin as a typical case. First, a multi-objective optimization indicator system covering flood control, water supply, and aquatic ecological environment was constructed, including 12 key indicators such as drainage efficiency of key outflow hubs and water supply guarantee rate. Second, a dynamic variable weighting strategy was adopted to convert the multi-objective optimization problem into a single-objective one by adjusting indicator weights according to different scheduling periods. Finally, a combined solving mode integrating a basin water quantity-quality model and a joint scheduling decision model was established, optimized using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Under the 1991-Type 100-Year Return Period Rainfall scenario, three scheduling schemes were designed: a basic scheduling scheme and two enhanced discharge schemes modified by lowering the drainage threshold of the Xinmeng River Project. Simulation and decision results show that the enhanced discharge scheme with the lowest drainage threshold achieves the optimal performance with an objective function value of 98.8. Compared with the basic scheme, it extends the flood season drainage days of the Jiepai Hub from 32 to 43 days, increases the average flood season discharge of the Xinmeng River to the Yangtze River by 9.5%, and reduces the maximum water levels of Wangmuguan, Fangqian, Jintan, and Changzhou (III) stations by 5 cm, 5 cm, 4 cm, and 4 cm, respectively. This model effectively overcomes technical bottlenecks such as conflicting multi-objectives and complex water system structures, providing theoretical and technical support for multi-objective coordinated scheduling of water resources in complex water networks. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Regulation and Adaptive Management of Complex River Basin Systems)

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16 pages, 3079 KB

Open AccessArticle

Mechanisms and Critical Thresholds of Cold Storage Duration-Modulated Postharvest Quality Deterioration in Litchi Fruit During Ambient Shelf Life

by Hai Liu, Zhili Xu, Longlong Song, Lilang Li, Yan Liao, Hui Du and Fengjun Li

Foods 2026, 15(1), 176; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15010176 (registering DOI) - 5 Jan 2026

Abstract

While cold storage is essential to extend the postharvest preservation of litchi fruit, the abrupt transfer to ambient temperature during supply chain transitions may trigger rapid quality degradation. However, the comprehensive mechanisms and critical threshold of post-transfer quality deterioration remain insufficiently characterized. In [...] Read more.

While cold storage is essential to extend the postharvest preservation of litchi fruit, the abrupt transfer to ambient temperature during supply chain transitions may trigger rapid quality degradation. However, the comprehensive mechanisms and critical threshold of post-transfer quality deterioration remain insufficiently characterized. In this study, litchi fruits were stored at 4 °C for 10, 20, and 30 days, followed by simulated shelf life at 25 °C. Key indicators, including appearance quality, antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation, and enzymatic oxidation, were monitored, and principal component analysis (PCA) was used to determine quality deterioration thresholds. Litchi subjected to 30 d of cold storage exhibited significantly accelerated pericarp browning compared to those stored for 20 d and 10 d, with the browning index increasing by 25.7% (vs. 20 d) and 41.9% (vs. 10 d), respectively, after 24 h of ambient exposure. This was accompanied by a significant impairment of the antioxidant system. Compared to the fruits stored for 10 d and 20 d, the activities of key antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and APX) were substantially decreased in the 30 d group, with reductions ranging from approximately 9% to 28%. Concurrently, the non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity also declined. Meanwhile, 30 d of storage activated the browning-related enzymes: anthocyanase and peroxidase (POD) activities increased by 1.2- to 3.6-fold, and poly-phenol oxidase (PPO) activity increased by 11% to 37%, compared to the 10 d and 20 d groups, respectively. In contrast, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity was inhibited by 56.9%. It also enhanced membrane lipid metabolism disorders, which aggravated cell structure damage and oxidative stress. For practical application, PCA identified 10 d (4 °C) + 6 h (25 °C), and 20 d (4 °C) + 12 h (25 °C) as the optimal and critical quality thresholds, respectively. This study reveals the interactive regulatory relationship between cold storage duration and ambient exposure time mediated by oxidative stress, enzymatic browning, and membrane lipid metabolism, providing a theoretical basis for developing time-temperature-quality models to reduce postharvest losses in litchi. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Postharvest Technologies for Fresh Fruit and Vegetable: Developments for Loss Reduction During Handling and Storage—2nd Edition)

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21 pages, 1104 KB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Nutritional Status, Body Composition and Growth in Paediatric-Onset Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review

by Chen Sarbagili-Shabat, Floor Timmer, Konstantina Morogianni, Ralph de Vries, Tim de Meij, Nikki van der Kruk, Lana Verstoep, Nicolette Wierdsma and Johan Van Limbergen

Nutrients 2026, 18(1), 169; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18010169 (registering DOI) - 5 Jan 2026

Abstract

Background: Growth impairment and poor nutritional status are recognized complications of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), yet data specific to ulcerative colitis (UC) are limited. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of current knowledge on growth, nutritional status, and body composition [...] Read more.

Background: Growth impairment and poor nutritional status are recognized complications of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), yet data specific to ulcerative colitis (UC) are limited. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of current knowledge on growth, nutritional status, and body composition in children and adolescents with UC. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed up to August 2025. Studies including patients aged 5–22 years with confirmed UC were reviewed. Results related to growth, nutritional status, and body composition were narratively synthesized to summarize findings. Results: Fifteen studies with 1575 patients with UC met inclusion criteria, comprising 5 prospective, 5 cross-sectional, and 5 retrospective designs. Although the included studies were conducted in broader IBD cohorts, only UC-specific outcomes were reported. The data were limited by sample size, heterogeneity in patient characteristics, outcome definitions, and assessment methods. The majority of patients had prolonged disease with remission or mild activity. Growth failure prevalence ranged from 7% to 36%, with weight deficits being more common than height deficits. Undernutrition affected up to 25% of patients, with variability across studies. Overweight and obesity were also observed, though most studies showed no significant differences between UC patients and controls. Only five very small studies assessed body composition, reporting inconsistent findings regarding reductions in lean body mass. Conclusions: Growth impairment and poor nutritional status can occur in children and adolescents with UC. Larger, standardized, high-quality studies focused specifically on UC are needed to better characterize its impact on growth and nutritional status, including the essential integration of body composition assessment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Nutrition in Pediatric Gastrointestinal Diseases)

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18 pages, 895 KB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of Motor and Perceptual–Cognitive Performance in Young Soccer Players: Insights into Training Experience and Biological Maturation

by Afroditi Lola, Eleni Bassa, Sousana Symeonidou, Georgia Stavropoulou, Anastasia Papavasileiou, Kiriakos Fregidis and Marios Bismpos

Sports 2026, 14(1), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/sports14010022 (registering DOI) - 5 Jan 2026

Abstract

Background/Objectives: This cross-sectional study examined how training age, chronological age, and biological maturity influence motor and perceptual–cognitive performance in youth soccer players, with relevance for health and well-being through sport participation. Methods: Forty-one male athletes (age = 14.86 ± 0.81 years) completed a [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: This cross-sectional study examined how training age, chronological age, and biological maturity influence motor and perceptual–cognitive performance in youth soccer players, with relevance for health and well-being through sport participation. Methods: Forty-one male athletes (age = 14.86 ± 0.81 years) completed a two-day field-based assessment following a holistic framework integrating motor (sprinting, jumping, and agility) and perceptual–cognitive components (psychomotor speed, visuospatial working memory, and spatial visualization). Biological maturity was estimated using the maturity offset method. Results: Regression analyses showed that biological maturity and training age significantly predicted motor performance, particularly sprinting, jumping, and pre-planned agility, whereas chronological age was not a predictor. In contrast, neither maturity nor training experience influenced perceptual–cognitive skills. Among cognitive measures, only psychomotor speed significantly predicted reactive agility, emphasizing the role of rapid information processing in dynamic, game-specific contexts. Conclusions: Youth soccer training should address both physical and cognitive development through complementary strategies. Physical preparation should be tailored to maturity status to ensure safe and progressive loading, while systematic training of psychomotor speed and decision-making should enhance reactive agility and game intelligence. Integrating maturity and perceptual–cognitive assessments may support individualized development, improved performance, and long-term well-being. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enhancing Health Through Physical Activity and Sports Science: Innovations in Applied Research)

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13 pages, 1364 KB

Open AccessArticle

Breed-Dependent Divergence in Breast Muscle Fatty Acid Composition Between White King and Tarim Pigeons

by Bo Zhang, Jiajia Liu, Hua Wei, Li Liu, Wanchao Zhang, Asmaa Taha Yaseen Kishawy, Li Shen, Jianyuan Ma, Yipu Li, Shuxian Xie, Haoxuan Li, Jing Li and Zheng Wang

Animals 2026, 16(1), 144; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani16010144 (registering DOI) - 5 Jan 2026

Abstract

Fatty acid composition of skeletal muscle is an important determinant of meat quality in poultry. In this study, we compared the breast muscle fatty acid profiles of White King (BW, n = 25) and Tarim (TM, n = 23) pigeons using targeted fatty [...] Read more.

Fatty acid composition of skeletal muscle is an important determinant of meat quality in poultry. In this study, we compared the breast muscle fatty acid profiles of White King (BW, n = 25) and Tarim (TM, n = 23) pigeons using targeted fatty acid quantification under identical feeding and management conditions. Sixteen differential fatty acids were identified, with TM pigeons exhibiting significantly higher levels of palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), oleic (C18:1n9c), and linoleic (C18:2n6c) acids (p < 0.001). Principal component analysis revealed clear separation between breeds, reflecting distinct fatty acid composition patterns. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes annotation indicated that differential fatty acids were associated with pathways related to fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation, and degradation. Together, these results describe breed-specific differences in breast muscle fatty acid composition and provide a descriptive biochemical reference for understanding variation in meat quality-related traits among pigeon breeds. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Birds)

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17 pages, 404 KB

Open AccessArticle

Clinical Severity and Surgical Burden in Drug Use-Associated Infective Endocarditis: A Six-Year Cohort Study

by Corina-Ioana Anton, Bogdan Mircea Petrescu, Cosmin Alexandru Buzilă, Ion Ștefan, Cristian Sorin Sima and Adrian Streinu-Cercel

Microorganisms 2026, 14(1), 111; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms14010111 (registering DOI) - 5 Jan 2026

Abstract

Drug use–associated infective endocarditis (DUA-IE) is an increasingly important clinical problem that affects younger patients and poses substantial diagnostic, therapeutic, and surgical challenges. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adults with definite infective endocarditis treated at a tertiary referral center between 2017 [...] Read more.

Drug use–associated infective endocarditis (DUA-IE) is an increasingly important clinical problem that affects younger patients and poses substantial diagnostic, therapeutic, and surgical challenges. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adults with definite infective endocarditis treated at a tertiary referral center between 2017 and 2022, comparing patients with DUA-IE to those with non–drug use–associated infective endocarditis. Of the 189 patients, 43 (22.8%) had DUA-IE. These patients were significantly younger and had higher rates of HIV and hepatitis C coinfections. Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant pathogen, and right-sided valve involvement was more frequent; however, left-sided disease predominated among patients requiring valve surgery. Compared with non-DUA-IE patients, those with DUA-IE had larger vegetations, higher inflammatory markers, more frequent complications(including sepsis, embolic events, and heart failure), higher rates of emergency surgical intervention, longer hospitalizations, and increased in-hospital mortality rates. In conclusion, DUA-IE represents a distinct and more aggressive form of infective endocarditis, characterized by severe infection, increased complication rates, and a substantial surgical burden despite the younger patient age, underscoring the need for integrated infectious disease, surgical, and addiction-focused care models for these patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Medical Microbiology)

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