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Recent Articles  

14 pages, 406 KB  
Review
When Families Choose Sons: Parental Gender Norms and Girls’ Education in Ghana
by Portia Buernarkie Nartey, Proscovia Nabunya, Peace Mamle Tetteh and Fred M. Ssewamala
Populations 2025, 1(4), 25; https://doi.org/10.3390/populations1040025 (registering DOI) - 28 Nov 2025
Abstract
Despite global progress toward gender parity in education, Ghanaian girls continue to face systemic barriers rooted in entrenched parental gender norms. This paper explores how parental gender norm beliefs and attitudes perpetuate disparities among school-aged, particularly disadvantaging girls in access to and retention [...] Read more.
Despite global progress toward gender parity in education, Ghanaian girls continue to face systemic barriers rooted in entrenched parental gender norms. This paper explores how parental gender norm beliefs and attitudes perpetuate disparities among school-aged, particularly disadvantaging girls in access to and retention in education. Using a desk review methodology, we analyzed peer-reviewed social science and development literature, legal documents, and international reports from organizations such as the United Nations and the World Bank to explore the structural and cultural dynamics affecting girls’ education in Ghana. Anchored in Social Impact Theory, Parental Ethnotheories, and Expectation States Theory, the study provides a multi-theoretical lens to understand how gender norms, cultural expectations, and parental beliefs converge to influence educational outcomes for girls. Analysis of sociocultural norms, economic trade-offs, and safety concerns reveals how parents—often guided by love and pragmatism—prioritize sons’ education while withdrawing daughters for caregiving, early marriages, or income-generating labor. The study highlights three critical dimensions: (1) the economic reasoning behind gendered investments in children’s schooling, (2) sociocultural gender norms limiting girls’ retention in school, and (3) the transformative potential of educated women as community leaders challenging these patterns. Evidence shows that educating girls yields broad benefits, from improved health outcomes to economic growth, yet systemic inequities remain. Findings underscore the need for interventions to move beyond school access to address the familial and cultural ecosystems shaping parental decisions. By disrupting entrenched gender norms, Ghana can advance SDGs 4 and 5 and promote long-term societal change. Full article
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11 pages, 1728 KB  
Article
A Symmetric Deep Learning Approach for Dynamic Reserve Evaluation of Tight Sandstone Gas Wells
by Yi Zhang, Bin Zhang, Banghua Liu, Haikun Zeng, Junhui Bai, Xijun Tian, Peng Liu, Jiahui Wu and Chaoqiang Feng
Symmetry 2025, 17(12), 2033; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17122033 (registering DOI) - 28 Nov 2025
Abstract
Traditional dynamic storage calculation methods face challenges such as difficult data acquisition and prolonged testing periods. To address the industry’s need for rapid yet accurate estimation of single-well dynamic reserves in tight sandstone gas formations, a deep learning architecture combining convolutional neural network [...] Read more.
Traditional dynamic storage calculation methods face challenges such as difficult data acquisition and prolonged testing periods. To address the industry’s need for rapid yet accurate estimation of single-well dynamic reserves in tight sandstone gas formations, a deep learning architecture combining convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) network is proposed. This model enables fast and accurate reserve evaluation, outperforming other machine learning methods in overall capability while achieving a symmetric improvement in both training efficiency and prediction accuracy—reaching up to 95.9%. Based on this model, dynamic reserves of gas wells in the Sulige Gas Field were predicted. The single-well dynamic reserve test showed a relative error of less than 10%, and the method demonstrated strong stability and high precision in localized multi-well group tests, with errors distributed symmetrically within a narrow margin. All results satisfy engineering standards. The feasibility of the method has been verified, proving it can deliver fast and accurate gas well dynamic reserve predictions, greatly reduce evaluation costs, and enhance work efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Computer)
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18 pages, 3880 KB  
Article
Role of Açaí (Euterpe oleracea) in Modulating the Immune Response During Experimental Oral Infection with Trypanosoma cruzi
by Flávia de Souza Marques, Thays Helena Chaves Duarte, Viviane Flores Xavier, Aline Coelho das Mercês, Thaís Vieira de Carvalho Silva, Luciana da Fonseca Medeiros, Camilo Elber Vital, Cláudia Martins Carneiro, William de Castro Borges and Paula Melo de Abreu Vieira
Microorganisms 2025, 13(12), 2711; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13122711 (registering DOI) - 28 Nov 2025
Abstract
Oral infection is now the main route of Chagas disease transmission in endemic countries, with açaí (Euterpe oleracea) being the primary food involved in Brazil. However, the role of açaí in parasite–host interaction remains largely unexplored. This study assessed the effect of açaí [...] Read more.
Oral infection is now the main route of Chagas disease transmission in endemic countries, with açaí (Euterpe oleracea) being the primary food involved in Brazil. However, the role of açaí in parasite–host interaction remains largely unexplored. This study assessed the effect of açaí inoculum on experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection. BALB/c mice were orally infected with metacyclic trypomastigotes in RPMI or açaí. No difference in survival was observed. Tissue parasite load showed higher gastric parasitism in the RPMI group on day 5 after infection. Proteomic analysis of the açaí group revealed increased levels of cytoskeletal keratins and mucins, along with decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines and markers of tissue repair, indicating modulation of gastric inflammation. Both infected groups exhibited higher levels of gastrointestinal proteins (acid chitinase, gastrocin 1, trefoil) associated with mucosal protection and parasite clearance. These findings suggest that oral infection with açaí occurs more subtly, possibly due to decreased gastric inflammation, and highlight potential biomarkers for oral Chagas disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathobiology, Infection Biology and Control of Protozoan Parasites—the ONE HEALTH Approach)
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11 pages, 783 KB  
Article
Factors Associated with the Presence of Post-COVID Syndrome in Older Patients with Arterial Hypertension
by Venera Kudabaeva, Timur Tastaibek, Almagul Mansharipova, Arystan Seidalin and Nargiza Nassyrova
COVID 2025, 5(12), 197; https://doi.org/10.3390/covid5120197 (registering DOI) - 28 Nov 2025
Abstract
Background: Diagnosing post-COVID syndrome (PCS) in older adults with hypertension is difficult due to heterogeneity and multimorbidity. We aimed to identify factors associated with PCS. Methods: An observational study was conducted from June 2024 to April 2025. Patients aged 60–89 years with arterial [...] Read more.
Background: Diagnosing post-COVID syndrome (PCS) in older adults with hypertension is difficult due to heterogeneity and multimorbidity. We aimed to identify factors associated with PCS. Methods: An observational study was conducted from June 2024 to April 2025. Patients aged 60–89 years with arterial hypertension were enrolled; PCS was verified according to the national protocol. Between-group comparisons used standard tests. Multivariable logistic regression with pre-specified clinical predictors estimated independent associations. Results: A total of 291 patients with arterial hypertension were included in the study. Patients were grouped by PCS status (PCS = 101; controls = 190). In multivariable analysis, female sex (OR 3.64; 95% CI 1.22–10.82), younger age (OR 0.93; 95% CI 0.89–0.98), lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) (OR 0.98; 95% CI 0.96–1.00), and rhythm disturbances (OR 2.63; 95% CI 1.07–6.49) were associated with PCS; other predictors were not significant. Model discrimination was moderate (AUC 0.728; 95% CI 0.668–0.787; Brier score 0.193) with positive net benefit across thresholds ~0.10–0.65. Conclusions: In older hypertensive adults, female sex, younger age, lower SBP, and rhythm disturbances indicate higher PCS likelihood, supporting risk-stratified monitoring and management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Long COVID: Pathophysiology, Symptoms, Treatment, and Management)
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5 pages, 156 KB  
Editorial
Tuberculosis Vaccines: Multidimensional Exploration and Breakthroughs from Innovative Design to Evaluation Systems
by Wenping Gong and Ashok Aspatwar
Vaccines 2025, 13(12), 1199; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13121199 (registering DOI) - 28 Nov 2025
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and remains a major global public health challenge [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Progress of New Tuberculosis Vaccines and Vaccine Design)
17 pages, 2301 KB  
Article
Biomechanical Differences in Bilateral Lower Limb Movement During the Back Kick Technique of Outstanding Taekwondo Athletes
by Qinjian Xu, Hongwei Yan, Junli Yang and Wei Shan
Life 2025, 15(12), 1822; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15121822 (registering DOI) - 28 Nov 2025
Abstract
Background: The back kick is a key scoring technique in taekwondo, often exhibiting bilateral asymmetry in lower limb function. Understanding these differences is crucial for optimizing training and minimizing injury risk. Methods: This study recruited twelve elite taekwondo athletes to perform back kicks [...] Read more.
Background: The back kick is a key scoring technique in taekwondo, often exhibiting bilateral asymmetry in lower limb function. Understanding these differences is crucial for optimizing training and minimizing injury risk. Methods: This study recruited twelve elite taekwondo athletes to perform back kicks using both their dominant and non-dominant legs under standardized conditions. Kinematic, kinetic, and surface electromyographic data were synchronously collected using a 3D motion capture system, force plate, and sEMG sensors. Paired t-tests and effect sizes assessed bilateral differences. Results: During the leg-lifting phase (P1), attacking leg peak hip power was significantly greater on the non-dominant side (p < 0.01); knee flexion angle was greater on the dominant side (p < 0.01), yet peak knee power was higher on the non-dominant side (p < 0.01). Support leg knee flexion angle was greater on the dominant side (p < 0.01), while knee flexion torque was higher on the non-dominant side (p < 0.05); ankle extension moment (p < 0.05) and plantar flexion power (p < 0.01) favored the dominant side. In the kicking phase (P2), dominant knee power was significantly higher (p < 0.01). The biceps femoris on the non-dominant side showed significantly higher iEMG and RMS values (p < 0.05), and dominant striking speed was faster (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These findings confirm marked functional asymmetry, suggesting training should emphasize non-dominant leg development to improve performance and reduce injury risk. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sports Biomechanics, Injury, and Physiotherapy)
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10 pages, 1290 KB  
Case Report
Craniofacial and Dental Complications Following Total Glossectomy Without Multidisciplinary Follow-Up: A Case Report
by Fatima Salek, Loubna Bahije and Fatima Zaoui
Dent. J. 2025, 13(12), 559; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13120559 (registering DOI) - 28 Nov 2025
Abstract
Background: Lymphangiomas are rare benign malformations of the lymphatic system, most frequently affecting the head and neck region. Oral involvement is uncommon, and when the tongue is affected, particularly its anterior two-thirds, it can cause major functional and esthetic disturbances. Case Presentation [...] Read more.
Background: Lymphangiomas are rare benign malformations of the lymphatic system, most frequently affecting the head and neck region. Oral involvement is uncommon, and when the tongue is affected, particularly its anterior two-thirds, it can cause major functional and esthetic disturbances. Case Presentation: We report the case of a 13-year-old boy who had undergone total glossectomy at the age of 4 for cystic lymphangioma. During follow-up, the patient presented marked dental and craniofacial alterations, including severe maxillary and mandibular crowding and a skeletal Class III pattern. This case highlights the significant morphological and functional consequences resulting from the absence of the tongue during growth. Conclusions: This case underscores the crucial role of the tongue in craniofacial growth and occlusal development. Early total glossectomy can result in long-term dental and skeletal disturbances, emphasizing the importance of early multidisciplinary follow-up combining surgical, orthodontic, and functional rehabilitation. Further studies are needed to establish appropriate management and rehabilitation protocols for such rare cases. Full article
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39 pages, 1506 KB  
Article
Permissionless Blockchain Recent Trends, Privacy Concerns, Potential Solutions and Secure Development Lifecycle
by Talgar Bayan, Adnan Yazici and Richard Banach
Future Internet 2025, 17(12), 547; https://doi.org/10.3390/fi17120547 (registering DOI) - 28 Nov 2025
Abstract
Permissionless blockchains have evolved beyond cryptocurrency into foundations for Web3 applications, decentralized finance (DeFi), and digital asset ownership, yet this rapid expansion has intensified privacy vulnerabilities. This study provides a comprehensive review of recent trends, emerging privacy threats, and mitigation strategies in permissionless [...] Read more.
Permissionless blockchains have evolved beyond cryptocurrency into foundations for Web3 applications, decentralized finance (DeFi), and digital asset ownership, yet this rapid expansion has intensified privacy vulnerabilities. This study provides a comprehensive review of recent trends, emerging privacy threats, and mitigation strategies in permissionless blockchain ecosystems. We examine six developments reshaping the landscape: meme coin proliferation on high-throughput networks, real-world asset tokenization linking on-chain activity to regulated identities, perpetual derivatives exposing trading strategies, institutional adoption concentrating holdings under regulatory oversight, prediction markets creating permanent records of beliefs, and blockchain–AI integration enabling both privacy-preserving analytics and advanced deanonymization. Through this work and forensic analysis of documented incidents, we analyze seven critical privacy threats grounded in verifiable 2024–2025 transaction data: dust attacks, private key management failures, transaction linking, remote procedure call exposure, maximal extractable value extraction, signature hijacking, and smart contract vulnerabilities. Blockchain exploits reached $2.36 billion in 2024 and $2.47 billion in the first half of 2025, with over 80% attributed to compromised private keys and signature vulnerabilities. We evaluate privacy-enhancing technologies, including zero-knowledge proofs, ring signatures, and stealth addresses, identifying the gap between academic proposals and production deployment. We further propose a Secure Development Lifecycle framework incorporating measurable security controls validated against incident data. This work bridges the disconnect between privacy research and industrial practice by synthesizing current trends, providing insights, documenting real-world threats with forensic evidence, and providing actionable insights for both researchers advancing privacy-preserving techniques and developers building secure blockchain applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Security and Privacy in Blockchains and the IoT—3rd Edition)
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18 pages, 1811 KB  
Article
Refining CO2 Infiltration Models for Pipeline Release Scenarios
by Ben Wetenhall, Richard S. Graham, Julia M. Race, Batuhan Aktas, Chris J. Lyons and Nikolaos Reppas
Fluids 2025, 10(12), 310; https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids10120310 (registering DOI) - 28 Nov 2025
Abstract
Accurate modelling of carbon dioxide (CO2) dispersion and infiltration into buildings is essential for assessing the risks associated with accidental releases from carbon capture, utilisation, and storage (CCUS) infrastructure. This study presents an integrated analytical and computational framework for evaluating CO [...] Read more.
Accurate modelling of carbon dioxide (CO2) dispersion and infiltration into buildings is essential for assessing the risks associated with accidental releases from carbon capture, utilisation, and storage (CCUS) infrastructure. This study presents an integrated analytical and computational framework for evaluating CO2 infiltration, incorporating a modified equation of state (EOS) to account for non-ideal gas behaviour. The original infiltration model, based on wind- and buoyancy-driven ventilation, is extended using a virial EOS. Key performance metrics are used to validate the model against experimental data and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. A comprehensive set of 30 case studies is used to assess model performance across a range of building geometries and environmental conditions. Results show that the modified EOS has minimal impact on far-field predictions, confirming the robustness of the ideal gas assumption under ambient conditions. Importantly, the study finds that CO2 impurities do not significantly affect far-field dispersion once ambient pressure is reached, though they may influence near-field behaviour at the release point. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Mathematical and Computational Fluid Mechanics)
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16 pages, 241 KB  
Article
Interpersonal Communication in Intensive Care Units: A Qualitative Study on Family Members’ Experiences in a Turkish Public Hospital
by Asu Ozgultekin, Elgiz Yilmaz Altuntas and Deniz Birtan
Healthcare 2025, 13(23), 3100; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13233100 (registering DOI) - 28 Nov 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Studies on the satisfaction of patients’ relatives in intensive care units are quite limited both in our country and worldwide. In intensive care units, particularly in adult settings, communication is known to be one of the most important factors influencing patient [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Studies on the satisfaction of patients’ relatives in intensive care units are quite limited both in our country and worldwide. In intensive care units, particularly in adult settings, communication is known to be one of the most important factors influencing patient and family satisfaction. From a communication theory perspective, there are very few qualitative descriptive studies that reveal how this issue is perceived. This research aims to examine the information needs of relatives of patients receiving treatment in intensive care units and their satisfaction levels with regard to regular information provision practices carried out by healthcare professionals working in intensive care units in Turkey. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 patients’ family members in two adult ICUs at a university-affiliated training and research hospital in Turkey. In the data collection process, the ‘Critical Care Family Needs Inventory’ was used to establish the family needs, as well as a sociodemographic questionnaire that included: age, gender, educational level, patient relationship and previous ICU experience. The unstructured texts obtained from the interviews were analyzed using the Atlas.ti qualitative data analysis software for the thematic analysis method. Results: The findings revealed that while face-to-face information provided by healthcare professionals is generally perceived as comprehensive, regular, and confidence-building, the experience of obtaining information by telephone varies greatly depending on hospital and family circumstances. Inconsistencies in telephone-based information access can create significant communication barriers for some families, yet in certain situations (e.g., chronic illnesses), it can serve as a vital adaptation and information flow tool. Conclusions: The ‘Uncertainty Management Theory’ and the ‘Information Management Theory’ are critical for understanding the effects of communication quality in the intensive care unit (ICU) environment on the psychological state of family members and their decision-making processes. Healthcare professionals should recognize that their communication serves not only an informative function but also has profound effects on family members’ psychological well-being and participation in the healthcare process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physician–Patient Communication, Nursing and Health Outcomes)
17 pages, 2637 KB  
Review
Advances and Future Prospects of Temperature and Salt-Resistant Gel Materials for Downhole Plugging Applications
by Junwei Fang, Peng Xue, Biao Wang, Jinsheng Sun, Yingrui Bai, Kaihe Lv and Yi Zhang
Gels 2025, 11(12), 955; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11120955 (registering DOI) - 28 Nov 2025
Abstract
The exploitation of deep hydrocarbon resources in extreme environments, particularly high-temperature and high-salinity (HTHS) carbonate reservoirs, poses unprecedented challenges for downhole plugging operations. This review provides a critical analysis of the development of gel-based plugging materials designed to withstand these harsh conditions. It [...] Read more.
The exploitation of deep hydrocarbon resources in extreme environments, particularly high-temperature and high-salinity (HTHS) carbonate reservoirs, poses unprecedented challenges for downhole plugging operations. This review provides a critical analysis of the development of gel-based plugging materials designed to withstand these harsh conditions. It systematically examines three primary material categories—polymers, inorganic composites, and nanocomposites—dissecting the fundamental relationships between their molecular architectures and their resulting performance, including the pervasive trade-offs between mechanical strength, stability, and controllable degradation. While highlighting promising advances, such as bio-derived polymers and self-healing mechanisms, the review explicitly identifies the limitations of current technologies, most notably their inadequate long-term durability under synergistic HTHS stress and lack of industrial scalability. This forward-looking perspective emphasizes the integration of nano-reinforcements and stimuli-responsive chemistries as a critical pathway toward achieving the next generation of high-performance, deployable, and environmentally considerate plugging materials, thereby ensuring the efficient and sustainable development of challenging oil and gas assets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gels for Oil and Gas Industry Applications (3rd Edition))
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22 pages, 1705 KB  
Article
Distributed Energy Sharing Network Equilibrium in Industrial Parks Under Carbon Emissions Trading Mechanism
by Haoyan Fu, Xiaochan Wu, Yuzhuo Zhang and Weidong Yan
Mathematics 2025, 13(23), 3816; https://doi.org/10.3390/math13233816 (registering DOI) - 28 Nov 2025
Abstract
In order to study how the production network, energy network, and carbon trading network interact with each other in the process of distributed energy sharing in industrial parks under the carbon emissions trading mechanism, this paper constructs a supernetwork model of distributed energy [...] Read more.
In order to study how the production network, energy network, and carbon trading network interact with each other in the process of distributed energy sharing in industrial parks under the carbon emissions trading mechanism, this paper constructs a supernetwork model of distributed energy sharing in industrial parks by using variational inequality, analyzes the behavioral patterns of each participant in the pursuit of their own interests and their impact on the equilibrium state of the network, and obtains the conditions for the network to reach an equilibrium state. Then, the projection correction algorithm is applied to solve the model in equilibrium, and the optimal decisions of product trading volume, distributed energy low carbon level, and carbon trading are obtained. Finally, through numerical examples, the influence of the carbon cap and carbon trading price on the network equilibrium decision is analyzed. The results show that the government’s elevation of the carbon emission cap for enterprises will reduce the enthusiasm for distributed energy sharing in industrial parks and expand the polarization of enterprise profits. A higher carbon trading price will increase the carbon trading cost of enterprises, which has a negative impact on distributed energy sharing in industrial parks. Full article
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23 pages, 848 KB  
Review
Gender-Based Violence and the Politics of Sex Education in the United States: Expanding Medically Accurate and Comprehensive Policy and Programming
by Melinda Lemke, Joyce Jekayinoluwa, Danielle Petko, Vandana Sharma and Kelsey LiPuma
Youth 2025, 5(4), 127; https://doi.org/10.3390/youth5040127 (registering DOI) - 28 Nov 2025
Abstract
Comprehensive sex education (CSE) is recognized globally as a key strategy for promoting adolescent well-being and preventing gender-based violence (GBV). Yet, in the United States, the absence of a federal mandate and deep political division results in inconsistent and often inadequate CSE within [...] Read more.
Comprehensive sex education (CSE) is recognized globally as a key strategy for promoting adolescent well-being and preventing gender-based violence (GBV). Yet, in the United States, the absence of a federal mandate and deep political division results in inconsistent and often inadequate CSE within and across the 50 states. Our review critically examined U.S. sex education policy and programming research literature in relation to GBV prevention. We also conducted a 50-state policy content analysis of sex education requirements, alongside related political trends and overlapping conservative policies. Discussed as, the “politics of sex education,” our findings reveal that states lacking medically accurate CSE also are more likely to support abstinence-only education, restrict discussions of race and gender in secondary educational settings, and adopt laws limiting reproductive and LGBTQ+ rights. We also found that CSE, when culturally responsive, trauma-informed, and medically accurate, can reduce GBV and equip youth with essential skills necessary to understand consent in intimate relationships. Overall, our literature review and policy clustering underscores how educational content is shaped by broader ideological agendas. Findings point to a dearth of research, particularly concerning educational practice in more conservative political contexts. We conclude with recommendations around the need for coordinated policy reform, educator training, and community collaboration to address GBV through evidenced-based CSE. Full article
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39 pages, 6955 KB  
Article
Architecture for Managing Autonomous Virtual Organizations in the Industry 4.0 Context
by Cindy Pamela López, Marco Santórum and Jose Aguilar
Computers 2025, 14(12), 519; https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14120519 (registering DOI) - 28 Nov 2025
Abstract
A Virtual Organization (VO) unites companies or independent individuals to achieve a shared, short-term objective by leveraging information technologies for communication and coordination in personalized product creation. Despite extensive research, existing VO management architectures lack alignment with Industry 4.0 standards, do not incorporate [...] Read more.
A Virtual Organization (VO) unites companies or independent individuals to achieve a shared, short-term objective by leveraging information technologies for communication and coordination in personalized product creation. Despite extensive research, existing VO management architectures lack alignment with Industry 4.0 standards, do not incorporate intelligent requirement-gathering mechanisms, and are not based on the RAMI 4.0 framework. These limitations hinder support for Autonomous Virtual Organizations (AVOs) in evaluation, risk management, and continuity, often excluding small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) during the partner selection process. This study proposes a comprehensive architecture for AVO management, grounded in ACODAT (Autonomous Cycle of Data Analysis Tasks) and RAMI 4.0 principles. The methodology includes a literature review, an architectural design, and a detailed specification of the ACODAT for the digital supply chain design. A prototype was developed and applied in a case study involving a virtual organization within an editorial consortium. Evaluation addressed core service performance, scalability of the batch selection algorithm, resource-use efficiency, and accessibility/SEO compliance. Benchmarking demonstrated that the prototype met or exceeded thresholds for scalability, efficiency, and accessibility, with minor performance deviations attributed to the testing environment. The results highlight significant time savings and improved automation in requirement identification, partner selection, and supply chain configuration, underscoring the architecture’s effectiveness and inclusivity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Trends in Intelligent Connectivity and Digital Transformation)
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26 pages, 1122 KB  
Article
Emotional Sequencing as a Marker of Manipulation in Social Media Disinformation
by Renatha Souza Vieira and Álvaro Figueira
Future Internet 2025, 17(12), 546; https://doi.org/10.3390/fi17120546 (registering DOI) - 28 Nov 2025
Abstract
The proliferation of disinformation on social media platforms poses a significant challenge to the reliability of online information ecosystems and the protection of public discourse. This study investigates the role of emotional sequences in detecting intentionally misleading messages disseminated on social networks. To [...] Read more.
The proliferation of disinformation on social media platforms poses a significant challenge to the reliability of online information ecosystems and the protection of public discourse. This study investigates the role of emotional sequences in detecting intentionally misleading messages disseminated on social networks. To this end, we apply a methodological pipeline that combines semantic segmentation, automatic emotion recognition, and sequential pattern mining. Emotional sequences are extracted at the subsentence level, preserving each message’s temporal order of emotional cues. Comparative analyses reveal that disinformation messages exhibit a higher prevalence of negative emotions, particularly fear, anger, and sadness, interspersed with neutral segments. Moreover, false messages frequently employ complex emotional progressions—alternating between high-intensity negative emotions and emotionally neutral passages—designed to capture attention and maximize engagement. In contrast, messages from reliable sources tend to follow simpler, more linear emotional trajectories, with a greater prevalence of positive emotions such as joy. Our dataset encompasses multiple categories of disinformation, enabling a fine-grained analysis of how emotional sequencing varies across different types of misleading content. Furthermore, we validate our approach by comparing it against a publicly available disinformation dataset, demonstrating the generalizability of our findings. The results highlight the importance of analyzing temporal emotional patterns to distinguish disinformation from verified content, reinforcing the value of integrating emotional sequences into machine learning pipelines to enhance disinformation detection. This work contributes to the growing body of research emphasizing the relationship between emotional manipulation and the virality of misleading content online. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Information Communication Technologies and Social Media)
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22 pages, 10012 KB  
Article
Quantitative Integration of Audio-Magnetotelluric Sounding and Resistivity Well Logs for Groundwater Studies
by Hernán Alvarado, Juan Pescador, Juan Landinez, Adriana Piña and Leonardo David Donado
Water 2025, 17(23), 3389; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17233389 (registering DOI) - 28 Nov 2025
Abstract
In this study, we develop a methodology to quantitatively integrate well resistivity logs and audio-magnetotelluric (AMT) sounding in the context of groundwater investigations. The experiments were conducted in a complex Quaternary depositional environment within a region of intensive groundwater use. A synthetic resistivity [...] Read more.
In this study, we develop a methodology to quantitatively integrate well resistivity logs and audio-magnetotelluric (AMT) sounding in the context of groundwater investigations. The experiments were conducted in a complex Quaternary depositional environment within a region of intensive groundwater use. A synthetic resistivity model was constructed from well resistivity log data and used for forward modelling to generate synthetic AMT responses, which were then inverted using Occam’s algorithm. The AMT-derived resistivity model was subsequently compared with the model obtained from the inversion of the field AMT sounding using the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) and the root mean square error (RMSE). A scalar shift factor (k) was introduced to optimize the match between both models. The comparison between the AMT-derived resistivity model and the well resistivity logs yielded a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.669 and an RMSE of 0.1911. The optimal scalar shift factor was k = 1.1854, with a 95% confidence interval of [1.1470, 1.2246], indicating only a minor discrepancy. These results demonstrate that AMT can successfully recover a resistivity structure consistent with well resistivity logs. The proposed quantitative integration and validation workflow provides a robust framework to reduce the inherent ambiguity in AMT interpretation and highlights its potential as a direct hydrogeophysical tool for groundwater studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogeophysical Methods and Hydrogeological Models)
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20 pages, 6720 KB  
Article
Gold and Silver Recovery from a Refractory Pyritic Concentrate by Roasting and Alkaline Pressure Oxidation
by Ana María Espinoza-Martínez, Jesús Leobardo Valenzuela-García, María Mercedes Salazar-Campoy, Martín Antonio Encinas-Romero, Guadalupe Martínez-Ballesteros and José Refugio Parga Torres
Minerals 2025, 15(12), 1260; https://doi.org/10.3390/min15121260 (registering DOI) - 28 Nov 2025
Abstract
Refractory gold and silver ores present significant challenges because precious metals are encapsulated within sulfide matrices, severely limiting extraction by conventional cyanidation. In this study, a pyritic concentrate from the Bacis Mine (Durango, Mexico) was characterized and subjected to two oxidative pretreatments—roasting and [...] Read more.
Refractory gold and silver ores present significant challenges because precious metals are encapsulated within sulfide matrices, severely limiting extraction by conventional cyanidation. In this study, a pyritic concentrate from the Bacis Mine (Durango, Mexico) was characterized and subjected to two oxidative pretreatments—roasting and alkaline pressure oxidation—before cyanidation. X-ray diffraction confirmed pyrite to be the dominant phase, with quartz and minor carbonates contributing to the material’s refractory character. Roasting at 550 °C achieved gold and silver extraction of 80% and 70%, respectively, which improved to 89% Au and 74% Ag with the addition of hydrogen peroxide. In contrast, alkaline pressure oxidation at 150 °C and 1 MPa O2 yielded the highest extraction of 92% for Au and 76% for Ag at 1 h. Thermodynamic analysis using the Fe–S Pourbaix diagram at 80 °C supported these experimental results, showing the destabilization of FeS2 under oxidizing and moderately alkaline conditions. Overall, this study demonstrates that alkaline pressure oxidation is a technically efficient and environmentally favorable pretreatment for refractory gold ores. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy)
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49 pages, 1583 KB  
Review
Federated Learning for Smart Cities: A Thematic Review of Challenges and Approaches
by Laila Alterkawi and Fadi K. Dib
Future Internet 2025, 17(12), 545; https://doi.org/10.3390/fi17120545 (registering DOI) - 28 Nov 2025
Abstract
Federated Learning (FL) offers a promising way to train machine learning models collaboratively on decentralized edge devices, addressing key privacy, communication, and regulatory challenges in smart city environments. This survey adopts a narrative approach, guided by systematic review principles such as PRISMA and [...] Read more.
Federated Learning (FL) offers a promising way to train machine learning models collaboratively on decentralized edge devices, addressing key privacy, communication, and regulatory challenges in smart city environments. This survey adopts a narrative approach, guided by systematic review principles such as PRISMA and Kitchenham, to synthesize current FL research in urban contexts. Unlike prior domain-focused surveys, this work introduces a challenge-oriented taxonomy and integrates an explicit analysis of reproducibility, including datasets and deployment artifacts, to assess real-world readiness. The review begins by examining how FL supports the privacy-preserving analysis of environmental and mobility data. It then explores strategies for resource optimization, including load balancing, model compression, and hierarchical aggregation. Applications in anomaly and event detection across power grids, water infrastructure, and surveillance systems are also discussed. In the energy sector, the survey emphasizes the role of FL in demand forecasting, renewable integration, and sustainable logistics. Particular attention is given to security issues, including defenses against poisoning attacks, Byzantine faults, and inference threats. The study identifies ongoing challenges such as data heterogeneity, scalability, resource limitations at the edge, privacy–utility trade-offs, and lack of standardization. Finally, it outlines a structured roadmap to guide the development of reliable, scalable, and sustainable FL solutions for smart cities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Distributed Machine Learning and Federated Edge Computing for IoT)
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16 pages, 1216 KB  
Article
Efficacy of Stromal Vascular Fraction Treatment for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Single-Arm Experimental Trial
by Anna Boada-Pladellorens, Merce Avellanet, Anna Veiga and Esther Pages-Bolibar
Biomedicines 2025, 13(12), 2913; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13122913 (registering DOI) - 28 Nov 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common pathology characterized by impaired joint cartilage. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based treatments, such as stromal vascular fraction (SVF), are increasingly being used for their potential cartilage-generating capabilities; however, there is still insufficient evidence to confirm their effectiveness. [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common pathology characterized by impaired joint cartilage. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based treatments, such as stromal vascular fraction (SVF), are increasingly being used for their potential cartilage-generating capabilities; however, there is still insufficient evidence to confirm their effectiveness. The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of SVF treatment in KOA in terms of pain relief. Methods: An experimental clinical trial was performed. We included adults with symptomatic KOA who attended Celular Clinic (Andorra). A laboratory-manufactured and standardized SVF product (Celstem®) was applied to selected patients. Clinical, functional, and radiological assessments using the visual analog scale, KOOS (Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score), SF-36 scale, and MOCART classification (Magnetic Resonance Observation of Cartilage Repair Tissue) were performed. Variables were compared before treatment and at one, six, and twelve months after treatment. Adverse effects were reported. Results: In total, 184 patients were included in the clinical trial, 78 of whom were finally analyzed. There were statistically significant differences in both resting and activity-related pain and in all KOOS subscales after SVF treatment (p < 0.001). The quality of life also showed significant changes (p = 0.021). No significant changes were observed in MOCART values. However, a positive association was found between MOCART and cell yield. Few adverse effects were reported. Conclusions: Our nonrandomized uncontrolled clinical trial showed that SVF treatment has promise to reduce pain in patients with KOA. Improvements in functionality and quality of life were also observed. Future randomized controlled trials regarding SVF versus placebo therapies will further clarify this potential. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Biomedical Engineering and Materials)
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15 pages, 2520 KB  
Article
Impact of Professional Hygiene Instruments on the Roughness of Implant Surfaces: An In Vitro Analysis
by Jacopo Colombo, Francesca Baldi, Paola Gavoglio, Giulia Marchisio and Domenico Baldi
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(23), 12598; https://doi.org/10.3390/app152312598 (registering DOI) - 28 Nov 2025
Abstract
Introduction: This study highlights the importance of maintaining dental implants, particularly in the context of peri-implantitis. It emphasizes the need for dental hygienists to choose appropriate instruments that will not damage implant surfaces while effectively cleaning them. Materials and Methods: The research involved [...] Read more.
Introduction: This study highlights the importance of maintaining dental implants, particularly in the context of peri-implantitis. It emphasizes the need for dental hygienists to choose appropriate instruments that will not damage implant surfaces while effectively cleaning them. Materials and Methods: The research involved in vitro tests using 4 ultrasonic inserts for peri-implant mechanical instrumentation on one machined and one etched healing abutment, with a focus on how these instruments affect surface roughness. For each insert, four surface roughness measurements were recorded on each abutment. The data were then analyzed in two separate designs, one for the machined abutments and one for the etched abutments. The significance of the factors was determined by analyzing them using an ANOVA test. Results: The study found significant effects of surface treatment and instrument type on surface roughness parameters. Instrumentation tended to alter the roughness of machined surfaces more than etched ones, with notable differences in performance among the various inserts. Discussion: The results suggest that surface treatment has a more substantial impact on roughness than the choice of instrument. Future studies are encouraged to explore other parameters related to bacterial biofilm retention and the potential release of material from non-metallic inserts. Conclusions: Key findings include that surface treatment significantly influences surface roughness and that specific instruments can either increase or decrease roughness based on the type of surface. Full article
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33 pages, 6328 KB  
Article
Assessment of Relationship Between Temperature and Selected Technical Parameters of High-Strength, Fine-Grained Ordinary and Polypropylene Fibre-Modified Building Mortars Subjected to Conditions Simulating Fire
by Tomasz Drzymała, Bartosz Zegardło and Krzysztof Przystupa
Materials 2025, 18(23), 5358; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18235358 (registering DOI) - 28 Nov 2025
Abstract
Cement composites are non-flammable, and their resistance to high temperatures is only apparent. This article presents extensive research on the strength parameters of building mortars exposed to fire-simulating conditions. The analyses included assessment of the mortars’ tensile, compressive and flexural strength, as well [...] Read more.
Cement composites are non-flammable, and their resistance to high temperatures is only apparent. This article presents extensive research on the strength parameters of building mortars exposed to fire-simulating conditions. The analyses included assessment of the mortars’ tensile, compressive and flexural strength, as well as their flexural modulus of elasticity. Microscopic analysis of the samples was performed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results of optimisation studies, particularly tensile strength tests conducted for various types of additives (fibres), showed that the addition of polypropylene fibres had a beneficial effect across the entire temperature range. Based on the research, relationships between temperature and the tested parameters were developed. Polynomial models were applied for their approximation, with the selection justified both by the high consistency with the experimental results and by the nature of the physical changes occurring in the cement mortar during subsequent stages of heating. These models allow an approximate assessment of the condition of mortar after a fire. Based on the conducted microstructural analyses of mortars and their correlation with the strength test results, graphical models were presented to illustrate the phenomena governing the changes in the examined parameters at various fire temperatures. On the basis of conclusions drawn from the analyses, recommendations were formulated regarding the use of polypropylene fibres in selected structural elements that may be exposed to fire, and the limitations of their applicability were indicated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Construction and Building Materials)
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17 pages, 3422 KB  
Article
Anti-Weightlessness Physiological Protection for the Lower Limb Muscle System Based on Biomimetic Adhesive Force Stimulation
by Yuanming Ji, Zhili Li, Peng Zou, Chengyang Li, Xipeng Wang, Xiyue Yang, Zhendong Dai and Keju Ji
Biomimetics 2025, 10(12), 800; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics10120800 (registering DOI) - 28 Nov 2025
Abstract
With the advancement of crewed spaceflight, mitigating the physiological effects of microgravity, such as bone–muscle deterioration and movement instability, has become increasingly vital. Inspired by reptilian climbing mechanisms, this study presents a novel bio-inspired adhesive footwear characterized by low pre-load, strong adhesion, and [...] Read more.
With the advancement of crewed spaceflight, mitigating the physiological effects of microgravity, such as bone–muscle deterioration and movement instability, has become increasingly vital. Inspired by reptilian climbing mechanisms, this study presents a novel bio-inspired adhesive footwear characterized by low pre-load, strong adhesion, and controllable attachment–detachment capability. This study analyzes the adaptability of a multi-level variable modulus design to surfaces with varying curvatures and roughness. Experimental investigations were conducted to analyze the contact mechanics and interfacial mechanisms of biomimetic adhesive materials featuring microstructure arrays. Moreover, stepping exercises were performed by volunteers wearing the proposed footwear under simulated weightlessness to assess biomechanical performance. Interface contact stresses were measured using force-sensing array plates, enabling characterization of plantar adhesion under different detachment speeds and angles. Electromyographic signals from lower limb muscle groups during stepping exercises were analyzed to elucidate the mechanical stimulation patterns and effects induced by plantar adhesion forces. Results indicate that plantar adhesion forces ranging between 50 and 105 N effectively stimulate primary flexor muscles, including the biceps femoris and gastrocnemius. This biomimetic solution offers a flexible and convenient approach for stabilizing foot positioning and promoting musculoskeletal engagement in microgravity, improving astronauts’ mobility and operational performance in orbit. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adhesion and Friction in Biological and Bioinspired Systems)
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154 KB  
Editorial
The 18th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications (AITA 2025)
by Takahide Sakagami, Gianluca Cadelano, Mario D’Acunto, Giovanni Ferrarini, Xavier Maldague, Piotr Martyniuk, Davide Moroni, Valentina Raimondi, Marija Strojnik, Ikuo Ihara, Hirotsugu Inoue, Norikazu Ooka and Takamasa Ogata
Proceedings 2025, 129(1), 78; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2025129078 (registering DOI) - 27 Nov 2025
Abstract
First held in 1992, AITA is an international conference that aims to present state-of-the-art research and recent applications in the field of infrared spectral range technology [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 18th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)
23 pages, 4010 KB  
Article
A Multi-Sensor Fusion Approach for the Assessment of Water Stress in Woody Plants
by Jun Zhu, Shihao Qin, Yanyi Liu, Qiang Fu and Yin Wu
Forests 2025, 16(12), 1785; https://doi.org/10.3390/f16121785 (registering DOI) - 27 Nov 2025
Abstract
Climate change poses significant threats to forest ecosystems, with drought stress being a major factor affecting tree growth and survival. The accurate and early diagnosis of plant water status is, therefore, critical for advancing climate-smart forestry. However, traditional monitoring approaches often rely on [...] Read more.
Climate change poses significant threats to forest ecosystems, with drought stress being a major factor affecting tree growth and survival. The accurate and early diagnosis of plant water status is, therefore, critical for advancing climate-smart forestry. However, traditional monitoring approaches often rely on single-sensor data or manual field surveys, limiting their capacity to comprehensively capture the complex physiological and structural dynamics of plants under water deficit. To address this gap, this study developed an indoor multi-sensor phenotyping platform, based on a three-axis mobile truss system, which integrates a hyperspectral camera, a thermal infrared imager, and a LiDAR scanner for coordinated high-throughput data acquisition. We further propose a novel hybrid model, the Whale Optimization Algorithm-based Multi-Kernel Extreme Learning Machine (WOA-MK-ELM), which enhances classification robustness by adaptively fusing hyperspectral and thermal features within a dual Gaussian kernel space. We use Perilla frutescens as a model species, achieving an accuracy of 93.03%, an average precision of 93.11%, an average recall of 94.04%, and an F1-score of 0.94 in water stress degree classification. The results demonstrate that the proposed framework not only achieves high prediction accuracy but also provides a powerful prototype and a robust analytical approach for smart forestry and early warning systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate-Smart Forestry: Forest Monitoring in a Multi-Sensor Approach)
20 pages, 1156 KB  
Review
Establishing a Salvage Endoscopic Electroporation (SEE) Service for Colorectal Cancer: The King’s Protocol for Clinical Implementation
by Ademola Adeyeye and Amyn Haji
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(23), 8436; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14238436 (registering DOI) - 27 Nov 2025
Abstract
Background: Endoscopic Electroporation (EE) is an innovative minimally invasive therapy that utilises short electrical pulses combined with intratumoural (IT) calcium or IT/intravenous (IV) chemotherapy to induce tumour cell death in colorectal cancer (CRC). Based on electrochemotherapy protocols developed for the treatment of skin [...] Read more.
Background: Endoscopic Electroporation (EE) is an innovative minimally invasive therapy that utilises short electrical pulses combined with intratumoural (IT) calcium or IT/intravenous (IV) chemotherapy to induce tumour cell death in colorectal cancer (CRC). Based on electrochemotherapy protocols developed for the treatment of skin cancers, EE has shown promising results in salvage therapy, local tumour control, and symptom palliation, particularly in patients who are unsuitable for surgery or standard treatments. Objective: To establish, for the first time, a comprehensive and standardised protocol for setting up a Salvage Endoscopic Electroporation (SEE) service in CRC clinical practice, covering multidisciplinary patient selection, procedural steps, equipment needs, and follow-up care. Methods: Drawing from the European Standard Operating Procedures of Electrochemotherapy (ESOPE) and emerging clinical evidence on EE from King’s College London, we detail infrastructure, treatment delivery, and monitoring for CRC. Key procedural elements, safety considerations, and patient management strategies are outlined. Electroporation pulses were delivered using the Conformité Européenne (CE) approved ePORE® electroporation generator and single-use CE-marked EndoVE® probe (Mirai Medical, Galway, Ireland). Results: Tumour assessment involves both clinical evaluation and endoscopic imaging, with radiological correlation. EE treatment has been safely carried out under sedation using specialised endoscopic probes, leading to effective local tumour response, symptomatic relief, and improved quality of life. Follow-up schedules allow for timely assessment of treatment response and enable repeat treatments if needed. Conclusions: This novel protocol provides a practical framework for centres aiming to implement SEE services, promoting consistency, safety, and better patient outcomes. Future prospective studies will refine indications and improve integration of this approach into colorectal cancer management pathways. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Gastroenterology & Hepatopancreatobiliary Medicine)
35 pages, 599 KB  
Review
Utilization of Non-Saccharomyces to Address Contemporary Winemaking Challenges: Species Characteristics and Strain Diversity
by Spiros Paramithiotis, Jayanta Kumar Patra, Yorgos Kotseridis and Maria Dimopoulou
Fermentation 2025, 11(12), 665; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation11120665 (registering DOI) - 27 Nov 2025
Abstract
Winemaking is facing significant challenges caused by industrialization of the process, climate change, and increased consumer awareness regarding the use of chemical preservatives. Although several solutions have been proposed, the utilization of non-Saccharomyces species seems to be the most efficient one. Several [...] Read more.
Winemaking is facing significant challenges caused by industrialization of the process, climate change, and increased consumer awareness regarding the use of chemical preservatives. Although several solutions have been proposed, the utilization of non-Saccharomyces species seems to be the most efficient one. Several non-Saccharomyces species have been employed for this purpose, with Hanseniaspora uvarum, H. vineae, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Lachancea thermotolerans, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Pichia fermentans, P. kluyveri, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Starmerella bacillaris, Torulaspora delbrueckii, and Wickerhamomyces anomalus being the most promising ones. However, only a restricted amount of metabolic activities can be reliably attributed to the species level, while most of them are characterized by strain variability and are also affected by the Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains used to carry out alcoholic fermentation, as well as the efficient supply of precursor molecules by the grape varieties and the conditions for their effective bioconversion. This variability necessitates the application of optimization strategies, taking into consideration all these parameters. This review article aims to assist in this direction by collecting the data referring to the winemaking practice of the most interesting non-Saccharomyces species, presenting clearly and comprehensively their most relevant features, and highlighting the effect of strain diversity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic The Biotechnological Potential of Non-Saccharomyces Yeasts)
17 pages, 2374 KB  
Article
Comparison of the Regulatory Effects of Host Factors on Viral Internal Ribosomal Entry Sites
by Rupaly Akhter, Kazi Anowar Hossain, Bouchra Kitab, Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh and Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara
Vet. Sci. 2025, 12(12), 1128; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12121128 (registering DOI) - 27 Nov 2025
Abstract
Host factors play critical roles in viral IRES-mediated translation by modulating the efficiency and specificity of viral protein synthesis. In this study, we used small interfering RNA (siRNA) treatment to silence and plasmid-based expression to overexpress PKD1L3 and USP31. Silencing PKD1L3 and USP31 [...] Read more.
Host factors play critical roles in viral IRES-mediated translation by modulating the efficiency and specificity of viral protein synthesis. In this study, we used small interfering RNA (siRNA) treatment to silence and plasmid-based expression to overexpress PKD1L3 and USP31. Silencing PKD1L3 and USP31 suppressed IRES activity in FMDV and CSFV RNAs, whereas the overexpression of PKD1L3 did not have a significant effect, and USP31 overexpression resulted in only a modest increase in CSFV-IRES activity. Silencing PKD1L3 significantly reduced EMCV-IRES activity but had no significant effect on HCV- or DENV-IRES activity, and silencing USP31 had no significant effect on the activities of these three IRESs. Notably, the combined overexpression of PKD1L3 and USP31 significantly suppressed HCV-IRES activity, suggesting potential context-dependent interactions. These findings indicated that PKD1L3 and USP31 contribute more prominently to CSFV-, FMDV-, and EMCV-IRES-mediated translation than to HCV- or DENV-IRES-driven translation. Collectively, our results provide new insights into the host factors involved in IRES-mediated viral translation, establish a foundation for future in vivo studies to elucidate the specific roles of PKD1L3 and USP31 during viral infection, and indicate potential strategies for mitigating these viruses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology)
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