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11 pages, 5419 KB

Open AccessArticle

Radiosensitization by Docetaxel Prodrug-Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles in Pancreatic Cancer Xenografts

by Abdulaziz Alhussan, Nolan Jackson, Nancy Dos Santos, Sam Chen, Yuen Yi C. Tam and Devika B. Chithrani

Nanomaterials 2025, 15(19), 1521; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15191521 (registering DOI) - 5 Oct 2025

Abstract

Cancer treatments are limited by poor tumor specificity and toxicity. We tested a radiosensitizing approach using PEG/RGD-functionalized gold nanoparticles (GNPs), a lipid-nanoparticle–encapsulated docetaxel prodrug (LNP_DTX–P), and external-beam radiotherapy (RT). In MIA PaCa-2 xenografts, intravenous GNPs (2 mg/kg) and LNP_DTX–P (6 [...] Read more.

Cancer treatments are limited by poor tumor specificity and toxicity. We tested a radiosensitizing approach using PEG/RGD-functionalized gold nanoparticles (GNPs), a lipid-nanoparticle–encapsulated docetaxel prodrug (LNP_DTX–P), and external-beam radiotherapy (RT). In MIA PaCa-2 xenografts, intravenous GNPs (2 mg/kg) and LNP_DTX–P (6 mg/kg) were given before 5 Gy RT. Both LNP_DTX–P + RT and GNPs + LNP_DTX–P + RT reduced tumor volume by ~40% and significantly prolonged survival versus RT alone (p < 0.001). Adding GNPs did not enhance efficacy, indicating LNP_DTX–P was the main driver under this regimen. These results demonstrate nanocarrier-enabled radiosensitization in vivo and support further studies toward clinical translation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Roadmaps for Nanomaterials in Radiation Therapy)

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7 pages, 457 KB

Open AccessCase Report

Functional Magnetic Stimulation in the Management of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction in Children with Asperger Syndrome: A Case Report

by Edva Anna Frunda, Orsolya Katalyn Ilona Mártha, András Kiss, Árpád Olivér Vida, Tibor Lóránd Reman, Raul-Dumitru Gherasim, Veronica Maria Ghirca, Bogdan Călin Chibelean, Daniel Porav-Hodade and Carmen Viorica Muntean

Children 2025, 12(10), 1340; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12101340 (registering DOI) - 5 Oct 2025

Abstract

Background/Objectives: A variant of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) known as Asperger syndrome (AS) shows increasing incidence worldwide, affecting between 0.02% and 0.03% of children. Patients display abnormal conduct, are limited in social interaction and communication, and are more often affected by micturition disorders, [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: A variant of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) known as Asperger syndrome (AS) shows increasing incidence worldwide, affecting between 0.02% and 0.03% of children. Patients display abnormal conduct, are limited in social interaction and communication, and are more often affected by micturition disorders, incontinence, and voiding symptoms than typically developing children. Methods: The present study aimed to review the literature related to the current management of lower urinary tract conditions in children with Asperger syndrome and to present a case of a 14-year-old girl with ASD, with characteristic impairments, including communication challenges, stereotyped, repetitive behaviors, and chronic constipation with concomitant bladder dysfunction, presenting recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), including voiding and filling storage symptoms. For the AS, she was treated with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (Sertraline). An abdominal ultrasound, PLUTTS—pediatric lower urinary symptoms scoring (21); QL-quality of life (3); voiding diary; and uroflowmetry were performed, revealing an incomplete urinary retention (incomplete bladder emptying of 120 mL), a prolonged and interrupted curve, a maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) 7 mL/s, and a UTI with Enterococcus. Results: Besides psychiatric reevaluation and antibiotic therapy, functional magnetic stimulation (FMS) sessions were performed. After eight sessions (20 min, 35 MHz, every second day), the ultrasound control and the uroflowmetry showed no residual urine, and the Qmax was 17 mL/s. The curve continued to be interrupted: PLUTSS-11, QL-1. FMS was continued at two sessions per week. At the 3-month follow-up, no residual urine was detected, and Qmax reached 24 mL/s. Conclusions: ASD is an incapacitating/debilitating condition that significantly impairs social functioning. In many cases, in addition to psychological symptoms, other conditions such as LUTS and constipation may coexist. Antipsychotics and antidepressants are frequently prescribed for these patients, often leading to various side effects, including micturition disorders. Therefore, screening for LUTS is recommended, and, if indicated, treatment—especially non-pharmacological and non-invasive approaches, such as FMS—should be considered. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Pediatric Neurology & Neurodevelopmental Disorders)

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13 pages, 388 KB

Open AccessReview

Does Vancomycin as the First-Choice Therapy for Antibiotic Prophylaxis Increase the Risk of Surgical Site Infections Following Spine Surgery?

by Vojislav Bogosavljevic, Dusan Spasic, Lidija Stanic, Marija Kukuric and Milica Bajcetic

Antibiotics 2025, 14(10), 996; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14100996 (registering DOI) - 5 Oct 2025

Abstract

Surgical site infections (SSIs) remain a significant complication in spine surgery, especially in instrumented procedures with long operative times. Although guidelines recommend cefazolin as the first-line agent due to its efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus, predictable pharmacokinetics, and safety, its real-world practice is highly [...] Read more.

Surgical site infections (SSIs) remain a significant complication in spine surgery, especially in instrumented procedures with long operative times. Although guidelines recommend cefazolin as the first-line agent due to its efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus, predictable pharmacokinetics, and safety, its real-world practice is highly variable, with inappropriate and prolonged regimens reported across Europe. Vancomycin is often used as the first choice of therapy empirically and without screening, exposing patients to risks such as delayed infusion, nephrotoxicity, and the emergence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE).This review assesses the present function of vancomycin in relation to cefazolin for spinal prophylaxis and examines wider trends in the misuse of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis, which were identified through PubMed and Scopus searches. Evidence from randomized and prospective studies consistently supports cefazolin as the preferred prophylactic agent in clean spinal surgery. Observational data suggest that adjunctive or topical vancomycin may reduce infection rates in selected high-risk or revision cases, though the results are inconsistent and frequently limited by retrospective designs and heterogeneous outcome reporting. Importantly, the most rigorous randomized controlled trial found no benefit of intrawound vancomycin over the placebo. A small number of available investigations in vancomycin use with major design limitations have resulted in no significant VRE emergency. Unexpectedly, widespread use of vancomycin was followed by a notable transition toward Gram-negative and opportunistic organisms. In summary, vancomycin may only be considered in patients with documented MRSA colonization, β-lactam allergy, or selected revision procedures, but its widespread empirical use as a first-choice therapy is not supported. Full article

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15 pages, 643 KB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Determinants of Atherogenic Dyslipidemia and Lipid Ratios: Associations with Sociodemographic Profile, Lifestyle, and Social Isolation in Spanish Workers

by Pere Riutord-Sbert, Pedro Juan Tárraga López, Ángel Arturo López-González, Irene Coll Campayo, Carla Busquets-Cortés and José Ignacio Ramírez Manent

J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(19), 7039; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14197039 (registering DOI) - 5 Oct 2025

Abstract

Background: Atherogenic dyslipidemia is defined by the coexistence of high triglyceride concentrations, low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and an excess of small, dense particles of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). This lipid profile is strongly associated with an increased burden of cardiovascular [...] Read more.

Background: Atherogenic dyslipidemia is defined by the coexistence of high triglyceride concentrations, low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and an excess of small, dense particles of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). This lipid profile is strongly associated with an increased burden of cardiovascular disease and represents a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. To better capture this risk, composite lipid ratios—including total cholesterol to HDL-C (TC/HDL-C), LDL-C to HDL-C (LDL-C/HDL-C), triglycerides to HDL-C (TG/HDL-C), and the atherogenic dyslipidemia index (AD)—have emerged as robust markers of cardiometabolic health, frequently demonstrating superior predictive capacity compared with isolated lipid measures. Despite extensive evidence linking these ratios to cardiovascular disease, few large-scale studies have examined their association with sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle behaviors, and social isolation in working populations. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of a large occupational cohort of Spanish workers evaluated between January 2021 and December 2024. Anthropometric, biochemical, and sociodemographic data were collected through standardized clinical protocols. Indices of atherogenic risk—namely the ratios TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, and the atherogenic dyslipidemia index (AD)—were derived from fasting lipid measurements. The assessment of lifestyle factors included tobacco use, physical activity evaluated through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern using the MEDAS questionnaire, and perceived social isolation measured by the Lubben Social Network Scale. Socioeconomic classification was established following the criteria proposed by the Spanish Society of Epidemiology. Logistic regression models were fitted to identify factors independently associated with moderate-to-high risk for each lipid indicator, adjusting for potential confounders. Results: A total of 117,298 workers (71,384 men and 45,914 women) were included. Men showed significantly higher odds of elevated TG/HDL-C (OR 4.22, 95% CI 3.70–4.75) and AD (OR 2.95, 95% CI 2.70–3.21) compared with women, whereas LDL-C/HDL-C ratios were lower (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.83–0.89). Advancing age was positively associated with all lipid ratios, with the highest risk observed in participants aged 60–69 years. Lower social class, smoking, physical inactivity, poor adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and low social isolation scores were consistently linked to higher atherogenic risk. Physical inactivity showed the strongest associations across all indicators, with ORs ranging from 3.54 for TC/HDL-C to 7.12 for AD. Conclusions: Atherogenic dyslipidemia and elevated lipid ratios are strongly associated with male sex, older age, lower socioeconomic status, unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, and reduced social integration among Spanish workers. These findings highlight the importance of workplace-based cardiovascular risk screening and targeted prevention strategies, particularly in high-risk subgroups. Interventions to promote physical activity, healthy dietary patterns, and social connectedness may contribute to lowering atherogenic risk in occupational settings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Cardiovascular Medicine)

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15 pages, 764 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Combined Effect of Acute Interval and Cognitive Training on Visual-Spatial Abilities in Women: Preliminary Insights for Health Promotion

by Christel Galvani, Sabrina Demarie, Ester Tommasini, Alessandro Antonietti, Thomas Zandonai and Paolo Bruseghini

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(10), 1524; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22101524 (registering DOI) - 5 Oct 2025

Abstract

Different sports require elevated visual-spatial and related cognitive abilities, which are increasingly recognized as crucial not only for athletic performance but also for broader public health implications. Sex-related differences in these abilities have often been explained through both biological and sociocultural factors, with [...] Read more.

Different sports require elevated visual-spatial and related cognitive abilities, which are increasingly recognized as crucial not only for athletic performance but also for broader public health implications. Sex-related differences in these abilities have often been explained through both biological and sociocultural factors, with males traditionally described as having superior visual-spatial skills. However, fewer studies have investigated how targeted physical training can enhance these abilities in women. This study aimed to analyze the influence of two different cycling interval training exercises on visual-spatial ability in women. Seventy-two healthy, active, and young women engaged in (1) a High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) session followed by a cognitive training (CT); or (2) a Low-Volume Interval Training (LVIT) session followed by a CT; or (3) a cognitive (COG) session, consisting of listening to music followed by a CT; or (4) a control (CTRL) session, consisting of solely listening to music. Cognitive performance was assessed at baseline and after the training sessions using the Metzler and Shepard Test (MS), the Paper Folding and Cutting Test (PFC), and the Mental Rotation Test (MRT). No significant between-group differences were observed. However, in all groups the time to complete the PFC and MRT tests was significantly lower and the number of errors was significantly smaller for the PFC test in the post-test compared with the pre-test. These findings expand the current literature by demonstrating that interval training, whether high intensity or low volume, when combined with cognitive training, may improve certain aspects of visual-spatial cognitive performance in healthy, active, young women. These findings highlight the potential of combining structured exercise with cognitive challenges. Such interventions may promote cognitive health in women and contribute to long-term public health outcomes. Full article

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10 pages, 1320 KB

Open AccessCommunication

Chemical Constituents from the Vietnamese Mangrove Avicennia marina: Two New Iridoid Glycosides and Their Cytotoxicity Against Cancer Cell Lines

by Ngo Van Hieu, Le Ba Vinh, Pham Thi Mai, Le Ngoc Hung, Nguyen Tien Dat, Lai Ha Phuong, Tran Phương Anh, Do Thanh Tuan, Nguyen Viet Phong, Truong Thi Thu Hien and Hoang Le Tuan Anh

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(19), 9694; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26199694 (registering DOI) - 5 Oct 2025

Abstract

Avicennia marina, commonly known as the grey mangrove, is a salt-tolerant species widely distributed in coastal and estuarine ecosystems. Traditionally, it has been used in folk medicine to treat skin diseases, rheumatism, and ulcers due to its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. However, [...] Read more.

Avicennia marina, commonly known as the grey mangrove, is a salt-tolerant species widely distributed in coastal and estuarine ecosystems. Traditionally, it has been used in folk medicine to treat skin diseases, rheumatism, and ulcers due to its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. However, comprehensive studies on the chemical constituents and their pharmacological effects remain limited. The dried powder of the aerial parts of A. marina (3.6 kg) was successfully extracted three times with methanol (20 L × 3, each for 2 h) using a multifunctional ultrasonic cleaner operated at 25 °C with a 50% amplitude setting. In this study, the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of A. marina led to the isolation of eight compounds, including two previously unreported iridoid glycosides—avicenosides A and B (1 and 2)—and six known compounds: techtochrysin (3), 7,4′-di-O-methyl-apigenin (4), luteolin (5), kaempferol (6), trans-caffeic acid (7), and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (8). Their chemical structures were elucidated using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS) and compared with previously published data. Moreover, the absolute configuration of the sugar moieties in the new compounds was also identified. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against HepG2 and A549 cancer cell lines. The results indicate potential cytotoxicity of the secondary metabolites from A. marina and provide evidence of their promising role as lead compounds for the development of novel anticancer agents. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Significance and Challenges of Plant-Derived Natural Compounds in Cancers)

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14 pages, 900 KB

Open AccessReview

New Antibiotics for Treating Infections Caused by Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria

by Elisabete Machado and João Carlos Sousa

Antibiotics 2025, 14(10), 997; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14100997 (registering DOI) - 5 Oct 2025

Abstract

Infections caused by antibiotic resistant bacteria pose a serious threat to global health, leading to higher medical costs, longer hospital stays, and increased morbidity and mortality. An increasing number of bacteria have been implicated in untreatable infections due to multiple resistance mechanisms. In [...] Read more.

Infections caused by antibiotic resistant bacteria pose a serious threat to global health, leading to higher medical costs, longer hospital stays, and increased morbidity and mortality. An increasing number of bacteria have been implicated in untreatable infections due to multiple resistance mechanisms. In 2017, the World Health Organization published a list of the most important antibiotic resistant bacteria worldwide, for which there is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic options. In recent years, fortunately, new antibiotics have been approved for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. The purpose of this review is to present the most impactful new antibiotics that are currently available for the treatment of these infections. The discovery of new therapeutic strategies will help to limit the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria, but careful prescribing, appropriate use and monitoring of resistant strains will be crucial to ensure that they remain effective in the future. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hospital-Associated Infectious Diseases and Antibiotic Therapy)

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12 pages, 601 KB

Open AccessArticle

Oncotype DX Recurrence Score Predicts Survival in Invasive Micropapillary Breast Carcinoma: A National Cancer Database Analysis

by Ali J. Haider, Mohummad Kazmi, Kyle Chang, Waqar M. Haque, Efstathia Polychronopoulou, Jonathon S. Cummock, Sandra S. Hatch, Andrew M. Farach, Upendra Parvathaneni, E. Brian Butler and Bin S. Teh

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(10), 559; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32100559 (registering DOI) - 5 Oct 2025

Abstract

(1) Background: Invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) is a rare, aggressive breast cancer subtype marked by high lymph node metastasis rates. While Oncotype DX recurrence score (RS) offers prognostic information for patients with hormone-receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer, its utility in IMPC—a histology with distinct [...] Read more.

(1) Background: Invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) is a rare, aggressive breast cancer subtype marked by high lymph node metastasis rates. While Oncotype DX recurrence score (RS) offers prognostic information for patients with hormone-receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer, its utility in IMPC—a histology with distinct biologic behavior—remains unvalidated. This study evaluates whether Oncotype DX offers prognostic information with respect to overall survival (OS) in non-metastatic, early-stage patients with IMPC of the breast. (2) Methods: The National Cancer Database (2004–2020) was queried to select for women with ER+/HER2−, T1-T2N0-N1 IMPC who underwent Oncotype DX testing and received no neoadjuvant therapy. Patients were stratified by RS: low (≤11), intermediate (12–25), and high (>25). Kaplan–Meier survival curves and log-rank tests compared 5-year OS between groups. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models assessed RS as an independent predictor, adjusting for age, race, comorbidities, grade, radiation, and insurance status. (3) Results: A total of 1325 women met the selection criteria. The cohort demonstrated significant survival disparities by RS (log-rank p = 0.017). Five-year OS rates were 97.5%, 97.5%, and 93.7% for low, intermediate, and high-risk patients, respectively. Adjusted multivariate analysis confirmed RS as an independent prognosticator: low (HR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.15–0.75) and intermediate (HR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.15–0.75) scores correlated with reduced mortality versus high RS. Omission of radiation therapy (HR = 2.68, 95% CI: 1.05–6.86) and higher comorbidity burden (0 comorbidities vs. ≥2: HR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.10–0.61) were significantly associated with worse survival. (4) Conclusions: Oncotype DX is predictive for OS in IMPC, with high RS (>25) portending poorer outcomes. The survival detriment associated with RT omission aligns with prior studies demonstrating RT benefit in higher-risk cohorts. These findings validate RS as a prognostic tool in IMPC and underscore its potential to refine adjuvant therapy, particularly RT utilization. Future studies should explore RS-driven treatment personalization in IMPC, including comorbidity management and adjuvant radiation to improve outcomes in this distinct patient population. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Breast Cancer)

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13 pages, 261 KB

Open AccessArticle

Age Differences in the Relationship Between Outdoor Physical Activity and School Emotional Well-Being in Pre-Adolescents: A Stratified Correlation Analysis

by Josivaldo de Souza-Lima, Gerson Ferrari, Rodrigo Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Frano Giakoni-Ramírez, Catalina Muñoz-Strale, Javiera Alarcon-Aguilar, Maribel Parra-Saldias, Daniel Duclos-Bastias, Andrés Godoy-Cumillaf, Eugenio Merellano-Navarro, José Bruneau-Chávez and Pedro Valdivia-Moral

Children 2025, 12(10), 1339; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12101339 (registering DOI) - 5 Oct 2025

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Subjective well-being (SWB) in pre-adolescents declines with age due to rising school-related stress and boredom. Outdoor physical activity (PA) may mitigate these effects, yet age-specific associations remain understudied. This study investigated age differences in relationships between outdoor PA and school emotional well-being [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Subjective well-being (SWB) in pre-adolescents declines with age due to rising school-related stress and boredom. Outdoor physical activity (PA) may mitigate these effects, yet age-specific associations remain understudied. This study investigated age differences in relationships between outdoor PA and school emotional well-being (stress and arguments) using multinational data. Methods: Cross-sectional secondary analysis of the International Survey of Children’s Well-Being (ISCWeB) third wave (2017–2019) involved 128,184 pre-adolescents (mean age 10.24 years, SD 1.70; 49.56% boys) from 35 countries, stratified by age (8, 10, 12 years). Outdoor PA was assessed on a 0–6 frequency scale; stress and arguments on 0–10 scales, with 8-year-olds’ responses harmonized from 5-point emoticons. Descriptive statistics and stratified Spearman correlations were calculated (p < 0.05). Results: Outdoor PA peaked at age 10 (mean 3.17, SD 1.62), while stress varied with age (mean 3.99, SD 0.50 at 8 years; 4.20, SD 2.50 at 12 years). Very small associations emerged: Weak negative stress correlations (r = −0.02 to −0.07, p ≤ 0.045; r² < 0.005) across ages, alongside positive argument associations (r = 0.03–0.08, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Outdoor PA modestly associates with lower stress in older pre-adolescents but may be associated with elevated peer conflicts. This dual effect adds nuance to interventions, highlighting supervision needs. Age-tailored, supervised school interventions could optimize emotional benefits during late pre-adolescence. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lifestyle and Children's Health Development)

57 pages, 5274 KB

Open AccessArticle

Aerospace Bionic Robotics: BEAM-D Technical Standard of Biomimetic Engineering Design Methodology Applied to Mechatronics Systems

by Jose Cornejo, Alfredo Weitzenfeld, José Baca and Cecilia E. García Cena

Biomimetics 2025, 10(10), 668; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics10100668 (registering DOI) - 5 Oct 2025

Abstract

The origin of life initiated an evolutionary continuum yielding biologically optimized systems capable of operating under extreme environmental constraints. Biomimetics, defined as the systematic abstraction and transfer of biological principles into engineering domains, has become a strategic design paradigm for addressing the multifactorial [...] Read more.

The origin of life initiated an evolutionary continuum yielding biologically optimized systems capable of operating under extreme environmental constraints. Biomimetics, defined as the systematic abstraction and transfer of biological principles into engineering domains, has become a strategic design paradigm for addressing the multifactorial challenges of space systems. This study introduces two core contributions to formally establish the discipline of Aerospace Bionic Robotics (ABR): First, it elucidates the relevance of biologically derived functionalities such as autonomy, adaptability, and multifunctionality to enhance the efficiency of space robotic platforms operating in microgravity environments. Second, it proposed the BEAM-D (Biomimetic Engineering and Aerospace Mechatronics Design), a standard for the development of Aerospace Bionic Robotics. By integrating biological abstraction levels (morphological, functional, and behavioral) with engineering protocols including ISO, VDI, and NASA’s TRL, BEAM-D enables a structured design pathway encompassing subsystem specification, cyber–physical integration, in situ testing, and full-scale mission deployment. It is implemented through a modular BEAM-DX framework and reinforced by iterative BIOX design steps. This study thus establishes formalized bio-inspired design tools for advanced orbital and planetary robotic systems capable of sustained autonomous operations in deep space exploration scenarios. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bio-Inspired Robotics and Applications 2025)

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19 pages, 2624 KB

Open AccessArticle

Research on Feature Variable Set Optimization Method for Data-Driven Building Cooling Load Prediction Model

by Di Bai, Shuo Ma, Liwen Wu, Kexun Wang and Zhipeng Zhou

Buildings 2025, 15(19), 3583; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15193583 (registering DOI) - 5 Oct 2025

Abstract

Short-term building cooling load prediction is crucial for optimizing building energy management and promoting sustainability. While data-driven models excel in this task, their performance heavily depends on the input feature set. Feature selection must balance predictive accuracy (relevance) and model simplicity (minimal redundancy), [...] Read more.

Short-term building cooling load prediction is crucial for optimizing building energy management and promoting sustainability. While data-driven models excel in this task, their performance heavily depends on the input feature set. Feature selection must balance predictive accuracy (relevance) and model simplicity (minimal redundancy), a challenge that existing methods often address incompletely. This study proposes a novel feature optimization framework that integrates the Maximum Information Coefficient (MIC) to measure non-linear relevance and the Maximum Relevance Minimum Redundancy (MRMR) principle to control redundancy. The proposed MRMR-MIC method was evaluated against four benchmark feature selection methods using three predictive models in a simulated office building case study. The results demonstrate that MRMR-MIC significantly outperforms other methods: it reduces the feature dimensionality from over 170 to merely 40 variables while maintaining a prediction error below 5%. This represents a substantial reduction in model complexity without sacrificing accuracy. Furthermore, the selected features cover a more comprehensive and physically meaningful set of attributes compared to other redundancy-control methods. The study concludes that the MRMR-MIC framework provides a robust, systematic methodology for identifying essential feature variables, which can not only enhance the performance of prediction models, but also offer practical guidance for designing cost-effective data acquisition systems in real-building applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Building Energy, Physics, Environment, and Systems)

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8 pages, 570 KB

Open AccessReview

Genetic and Molecular Insights into the Links Between Heat Stroke, Alzheimer’s Disease, and Down Syndrome: A Mini-Review

by Hisahide Nishio, Hirokuni Negishi, Hiroyuki Awano and Jumpei Oba

Genes 2025, 16(10), 1171; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes16101171 (registering DOI) - 5 Oct 2025

Abstract

Both epidemiological and animal model studies have revealed that heat stroke is closely related to the development or exacerbation of dementia disorders. The most common form of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease, which is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β protein in the central [...] Read more.

Both epidemiological and animal model studies have revealed that heat stroke is closely related to the development or exacerbation of dementia disorders. The most common form of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease, which is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β protein in the central nervous system. Notably, a whole-genome transcriptome analysis of heat stroke patients has identified the increased expression of amyloid-β precursor protein gene and the activation of amyloid processing pathways. This finding provides a molecular basis for the theory that heat stroke is a risk factor for dementia disorders. Down syndrome—a common chromosomal abnormality—is also a dementia disorder that is characterized by the overexpression of amyloid-β precursor protein gene and the accumulation of amyloid-β protein. Thus, heat stroke may also develop or exacerbate Alzheimer’s disease-like dementia in Down syndrome. For individuals with Down syndrome, heat stroke is therefore not only a life-threatening risk factor but may also be a risk factor for accelerating intellectual decline. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetic and Genomic Mechanisms of Heat Stress in Disease Modulation: From Molecular Pathways to Clinical Manifestations)

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16 pages, 1897 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Logical Characterization for Approximate Matching of Pattern Graphs with Regular Expressions

by Xinfei Liao, Zuoli Zhang, Xinyu Cui, Jin Wang, Yu Zhang and Xuelei Chen

Symmetry 2025, 17(10), 1659; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17101659 (registering DOI) - 5 Oct 2025

Abstract

A graph simulation and its variants are widely used in graph pattern matching. Among them, there have been related works involving the addition of regular expressions to graph patterns, which can discover more meaningful data and solve problems in polynomial time. In this [...] Read more.

A graph simulation and its variants are widely used in graph pattern matching. Among them, there have been related works involving the addition of regular expressions to graph patterns, which can discover more meaningful data and solve problems in polynomial time. In this research, which is based on Fan’s investigations, we first propose an approximation of graph simulation using the concept of metric and formal verification techniques, and then give the definition of approximate matching between pattern graphs with regular expressions and data graphs, which introduces a symmetric tolerance for errors, bridging exact and approximate matching. Finally, we present a logical characterization of the approximate graph simulation by extending Hennessy–Milner logic. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications Based on Symmetry in Applied Cryptography)

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2 pages, 148 KB

Open AccessEditorial

Editorial for “Diagnosis, Classification, and Monitoring of Pulmonary Diseases”

by Paola Confalonieri, Francesco Salton and Barbara Ruaro

Diagnostics 2025, 15(19), 2520; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15192520 (registering DOI) - 5 Oct 2025

Abstract

This Special Issue offers a comprehensive overview of recent advances and innovative approaches in the field of lung disease research, emphasizing the importance of technological and conceptual innovations that are shaping our understanding of respiratory conditions [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis, Classification, and Monitoring of Pulmonary Diseases)

15 pages, 2535 KB

Open AccessArticle

Chemical Characterization of Red Pigments Used in Funerary Practices in Northeastern Patagonia (Chubut, Argentina) During the Late Holocene

by Celeste Gurin, Marcia Mazzuca, Julieta Gómez Otero and Marta S. Maier

Minerals 2025, 15(10), 1055; https://doi.org/10.3390/min15101055 (registering DOI) - 5 Oct 2025

Abstract

In this study, we present the chemical characterization of red pigment samples and their associated sediments that were collected from three human burial sites in Northeastern Patagonia. Regarding their chronology, the La Azucena 1 site (880 ¹⁴C years BP) corresponds to the [...] Read more.

In this study, we present the chemical characterization of red pigment samples and their associated sediments that were collected from three human burial sites in Northeastern Patagonia. Regarding their chronology, the La Azucena 1 site (880 ¹⁴C years BP) corresponds to the period prior to European contact while the Loma Torta and Rawson sites date to periods following contact. These burials were discovered fortuitously. In the case of the La Azucena 1 site it was due to the impact of environmental conditions typical of this region, such as sparse vegetation and the effects of rain and wind, while for the Rawson and Loma Torta sites the burials suffered severe anthropic impact. Analysis of the red pigments and their sediments by a combination of analytical techniques using XRF, XRD, and ATR-FTIR revealed hematite as the chromophore responsible for the red color, together with large amounts of quartz in all the samples. The diffractogram of the red pigment from the La Azucena I site showed notable differences compared to those from the Loma Torta and Rawson sites, with calcite (CaCO₃) and anorthite (Na_0.45Ca_0.56)(Al_1.55Si_21.5O₈) as accompanying minerals and the presence of cristobalite, a high-temperature polymorph of silica (SiO₂), which were not identified in the sediment sample. This suggests that minerals identified in this sample are characteristic of the pigment material rather than of the sediment where the bone remains were found. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mineralogical and Geochemical Insights into Cultural Heritage Materials)

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13 pages, 3165 KB

Open AccessArticle

Thermal Conductivity of Suspended Graphene at High Temperature Based on Raman Spectroscopy

by Junyi Wang, Zhiyu Guo, Zhilong Shang and Fang Luo

Nanomaterials 2025, 15(19), 1520; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15191520 (registering DOI) - 5 Oct 2025

Abstract

With the development of technology, many fields have put forward higher requirements for the thermal conductivity of materials in high-temperature environments, for instance, in fields such as heat dissipation of electronic devices, high-temperature sensors, and thermal management. As a potential high-performance thermal management [...] Read more.

With the development of technology, many fields have put forward higher requirements for the thermal conductivity of materials in high-temperature environments, for instance, in fields such as heat dissipation of electronic devices, high-temperature sensors, and thermal management. As a potential high-performance thermal management material, studying the thermal conductivity of graphene at high temperatures is of great significance for expanding its application range. In this study, high-quality suspended graphene was prepared through PDMS dry transfer, which can effectively avoid the binding and influence of the substrate. Based on the calculation model of the thermal conductivity of suspended graphene, the model was modified accordingly by measuring the attenuation coefficient of laser power. Combined with the temperature variation coefficient of suspended graphene measured experimentally and the influence of laser power on the Raman characteristic peak positions of graphene, the thermal conductance of suspended graphene with different layers under high-temperature conditions was calculated. It is conducive to a further in-depth understanding of the phonon scattering mechanism and heat conduction process of graphene at high temperatures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section 2D and Carbon Nanomaterials)

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17 pages, 1159 KB

Open AccessArticle

Assessing Voluntary Guardianship and Personal Autonomy Using a Circular q-Rung Orthopair Fuzzy CoCoFISo Decision Framework

by Xin Li

Symmetry 2025, 17(10), 1658; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17101658 (registering DOI) - 5 Oct 2025

Abstract

A balance between support and independence in guardianship systems is of high concern, especially with those who need help in making decisions. The research presents a novel approach to evaluating voluntary models of guardianship, focusing on the preservation of individual autonomy and examining [...] Read more.

A balance between support and independence in guardianship systems is of high concern, especially with those who need help in making decisions. The research presents a novel approach to evaluating voluntary models of guardianship, focusing on the preservation of individual autonomy and examining the underlying decision symmetry in assessing diverse guardianship options. The ultimate solution to the inherent uncertainty and lack of objectivity in expert evaluations is to apply the circular q-rung orthopair fuzzy (Cq-ROF) combined compromise for ideal solution (CoCoFISo) approach, an effective multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model that integrates ranking and sorting views using a Cq-ROF framework within a symmetry-oriented analytical perspective. These are five major assessment factors: how well autonomy is preserved, legal and ethical adherence, psychological health, social integration aid, and risk prevention. It explores ten alternative approaches to guardianship, ranging from complete legal guardianship to community-based self-management solutions, and the use of technology as an element of support. The suggested approach can facilitate more sophisticated modelling of expert opinions, rather than relying on simplistic and straightforward distinctions and diverse evaluations. The case study results indicate that the hybrid and supported forms of decision-making could offer opportunities to preserve a high degree of personal autonomy while ensuring safety and compliance. The research gives a coherent, adaptable, and explainable approach to managing ethical and policy-level judgment concerning voluntary guardianship systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Mathematics)

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23 pages, 5434 KB

Open AccessArticle

Deep Reinforcement Learning for Sim-to-Real Robot Navigation with a Minimal Sensor Suite for Beach-Cleaning Applications

by Guillermo Cid Ampuero, Gabriel Hermosilla, Germán Varas and Matías Toribio Clark

Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(19), 10719; https://doi.org/10.3390/app151910719 (registering DOI) - 5 Oct 2025

Abstract

Autonomous beach-cleaning robots require reliable, low-cost navigation on sand. We study Sim-to-Real transfer of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) policies using a minimal sensor suite—wheel-encoder odometry and a single 2-D LiDAR—on a 30 kg differential-drive platform (Raspberry Pi 4). Two policies, Proximal Policy Optimization [...] Read more.

Autonomous beach-cleaning robots require reliable, low-cost navigation on sand. We study Sim-to-Real transfer of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) policies using a minimal sensor suite—wheel-encoder odometry and a single 2-D LiDAR—on a 30 kg differential-drive platform (Raspberry Pi 4). Two policies, Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) and a masked-action variant (PPO-Mask), were trained in Gazebo + Gymnasium and deployed on the physical robot without hyperparameter retuning. Field trials on firm sand and on a natural loose-sand beach show that PPO-Mask reduces tracking error versus PPO on firm ground (16.6% ISE reduction; 5.2% IAE reduction) and executes multi-waypoint paths faster (square path: 112.48 s vs. 103.46 s). On beach sand, all waypoints were reached within a 1 m tolerance, with mission times of 115.72 s (square) and 81.77 s (triangle). These results indicate that DRL-based navigation with minimal sensing and low-cost compute is feasible in beach settings. Full article

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18 pages, 1738 KB

Open AccessArticle

Analyzing Physiological Characteristics of Running Performance Using Real-World Data

by Zheng Zhu, Changda Lu, Wei Cui, Yanfei Shen and Bingyu Pan

Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(19), 10720; https://doi.org/10.3390/app151910720 (registering DOI) - 5 Oct 2025

Abstract

This study compared two physiological modeling approaches, the Peronnet-Thibault (P-T) model and the Minimal Power (MP) model, to identify key parameters representing individual physiological characteristics and to explore their applications in running training. Model parameters were estimated using nonlinear least squares fitting, and [...] Read more.

This study compared two physiological modeling approaches, the Peronnet-Thibault (P-T) model and the Minimal Power (MP) model, to identify key parameters representing individual physiological characteristics and to explore their applications in running training. Model parameters were estimated using nonlinear least squares fitting, and predictive performance was evaluated by the mean absolute error (MAE). Results from the World Running Records (WRR) indicated that the MP model generally outperformed the P-T model in linking running performance with physiological variables, demonstrating greater capability in extracting physiological parameters. Further validation using the British Runner Records (BRR) showed that the MP model achieved MAE values of 3.02% for males and 3.47% for females, reflecting strong generalization to real running performance. Furthermore, descriptive analyses of the relationships between MP model parameters and running performance further support its potential value in personalized training and performance prediction. Full article

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24 pages, 4745 KB

Open AccessReview

Recent Progress on the Characterization of Polymer Crystallization by Atomic Force Microscopy

by Shen Chen, Min Chen and Hanying Li

Polymers 2025, 17(19), 2692; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17192692 (registering DOI) - 5 Oct 2025

Abstract

The crystallization behavior of polymers affects the structure of aggregated states, which influences the properties of materials. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a helpful characterization tool with high spatial resolution at the nanometer-to-micrometer scale and low-destruction imaging capabilities, making it an important means [...] Read more.

The crystallization behavior of polymers affects the structure of aggregated states, which influences the properties of materials. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a helpful characterization tool with high spatial resolution at the nanometer-to-micrometer scale and low-destruction imaging capabilities, making it an important means of studying polymer crystallography. This review is intended for scientists in polymer materials and physics, aiming to inspire how the rich applications of AFM can be harnessed to address fundamental scientific questions in polymer crystallization. This paper reviews recent advances in polymer crystallization characterization based on AFM, focusing on its applications in visualizing hierarchical polymer crystal structures (single crystals, spherulites, dendritic crystals, and shish kebab crystals), investigating crystallization kinetics (in situ monitoring of crystal growth), and analyzing structure–property relationships (structural changes under temperature and stress). Finally, we introduce the application of the latest AFM technology in addressing key issues in polymer crystallization, such as single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) and atomic force microscopy–infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR). As AFM technology advances toward higher precision, greater efficiency, and increased functionality, it is expected to deliver more exciting developments in the field of polymer crystallization. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Polymer Physics and Theory)

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15 pages, 2593 KB

Open AccessCase Report

Successful Experience of Managing Resistant Antibody-Mediated Cardiac Allograft Rejection with Extracorporeal Photopheresis

by Lubov Korneva, Yulia Sazonova, Maria Bortsova, Maria Simonenko, Georgii Baratashvili, Olga Kalinina, Ekaterina Zaikova, Darina Sambur, Alexey Golovkin and Petr Fedotov

Transplantology 2025, 6(4), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/transplantology6040029 (registering DOI) - 5 Oct 2025

Abstract

Background/Clinical Significance: Development of acute antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) of allograft is one of the leading causes of mortality in heart-transplant recipients; however, the standard therapy does not always resolve severe forms of rejection. Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is a method of immunomodulatory therapy [...] Read more.

Background/Clinical Significance: Development of acute antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) of allograft is one of the leading causes of mortality in heart-transplant recipients; however, the standard therapy does not always resolve severe forms of rejection. Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is a method of immunomodulatory therapy that involves separating a patient’s white blood cells and treating them with a photosensitizer and ultraviolet A irradiation. Case Presentation: An 18-year-old female patient was urgently hospitalized with complaints of shortness of breath. She had undergone heart-transplant surgery 9 months before due to congenital heart disease restrictive cardiomyopathy, complicated with end-stage chronic heart failure. During the admission she admitted that for 3 weeks she discontinued tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil. AMR3 and CAV were verified. Conclusions: The use of standard approaches in the treatment of acute AMR is not always able to suppress an expressed immune reaction against the cardiac allograft, which leads to disruption of its function and rejection in the early or long-term follow-up. The inclusion of ECP in the treatment regimen allowed us to stabilize the patient’s condition and achieve regression in the severity of the AMR. It is believed that an important role in this was played by the activity of the immune system, which we assessed by changing the profile of cytokines, chemokines, and other growth factors. Thus, ECP demonstrated its effectiveness in the treatment of AMR of the cardiac allograft, with a change in the severity of the cytokine storm, as well as with an increase in the contribution of cytokines associated with the Th17 response. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Transplant Immunology and Immunosuppressive Drugs)

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16 pages, 280 KB

Open AccessArticle

Multiplicatively Trigonometric Convex Functions for Hermite–Hadamard-Type Inequalities

by Serap Özcan, Sina Etemad, Sotiris K. Ntouyas and Jessada Tariboon

Symmetry 2025, 17(10), 1657; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17101657 (registering DOI) - 5 Oct 2025

Abstract

A novel category of convex functions, termed multiplicatively trigonometric convex functions, are introduced in this paper. We explore their algebraic characteristics and establish connections between such functions and other forms of convex functions. We even show that these functions are symmetric with respect [...] Read more.

A novel category of convex functions, termed multiplicatively trigonometric convex functions, are introduced in this paper. We explore their algebraic characteristics and establish connections between such functions and other forms of convex functions. We even show that these functions are symmetric with respect to their components. Furthermore, we prove the Hermite–Hadamard inequality for the mentioned category of functions. In addition, we present new structures of the Hermite–Hadamard inequality within the framework of multiplicative integrals. By broadening these inequalities, the purpose is to reveal some properties and relations that help the advancement of more robust mathematical techniques. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry in Mathematical Analysis and Functional Analysis: 3rd Edition)

12 pages, 258 KB

Open AccessArticle

Enhancing Research Visibility: A Comparative Study on the Implementation of CRIS Systems at Universidad Católica de Santa María and Its Contrast with Other Universities

by Javier Fernando Angulo-Osorio, César Daniel Valdivia-Portugal and Karina Rosas-Paredes

Publications 2025, 13(4), 51; https://doi.org/10.3390/publications13040051 (registering DOI) - 5 Oct 2025

Abstract

Research visibility has become a critical issue for universities, yet the institutional conditions that shape it remain underexplored. While Current Research Information Systems (CRISs) provide essential infrastructure for managing publications and researcher profiles, their impact depends on broader governance and cultural factors. This [...] Read more.

Research visibility has become a critical issue for universities, yet the institutional conditions that shape it remain underexplored. While Current Research Information Systems (CRISs) provide essential infrastructure for managing publications and researcher profiles, their impact depends on broader governance and cultural factors. This study compares four universities—two in Peru, one in Chile, and one in Spain—that have adopted the Pure CRIS platform. Data were manually extracted from institutional portals and analyzed descriptively, using normalized indicators such as publications per researcher, Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) alignment, and collaboration networks. Although based on a limited sample, the analysis highlights substantial contrasts: European institutions show consolidated integration of CRIS into national evaluation systems, while Latin American universities remain at earlier stages of adoption, with fragmented policies and limited international reach. The findings suggest that technological platforms alone are insufficient; institutional commitment, coherent policies, and academic cultures that value dissemination are decisive. These insights contribute a comparative framework to guide universities, particularly in Latin America, seeking to strengthen their global research visibility. Full article

18 pages, 1399 KB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of the SmartACT Intervention on Motor and Psychological Variables in Adolescent Athletes: A Controlled Trial Using BlazePod and Microgate

by Barabási Madár Timea, Costea-Bărluţiu Carmen, Ordean Mircea Nicolae, Mancini Nicola, Grosu Vlad Teodor, Sabău Anca Maria, Popovici Cornelia, Carlos Hervás-Gómez, Grosu Emilia Florina and Monea Dan

Children 2025, 12(10), 1338; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12101338 (registering DOI) - 5 Oct 2025

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Agility and reaction speed are critical components of sports performance and are influenced by both physical conditioning and psychological state. Interventions such as SmartACT, which integrate mindfulness, acceptance, and commitment, guided imagery and hypnosis techniques are still underexplored in high-performance sport, [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Agility and reaction speed are critical components of sports performance and are influenced by both physical conditioning and psychological state. Interventions such as SmartACT, which integrate mindfulness, acceptance, and commitment, guided imagery and hypnosis techniques are still underexplored in high-performance sport, despite their potential to affect both psychological and motor dimensions. Methods: This 7-week controlled trial investigated the effectiveness of SmartACT in reducing psychological and somatic symptoms and enhancing motor performance in adolescent athletes. A total of 193 athletes aged 15–18 years were assigned to three groups: SmartACT (n = 69), MAC (Mindfulness–Acceptance–Commitment, the standardized Gardner & Moore protocol; n = 65), and a control group (n = 59). Agility was measured using the T-Drill Agility Test with Microgate electronic timing, and reaction speed was assessed using BlazePod devices. Psychological and somatic symptoms were evaluated using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and the Ghent Multidimensional Somatic Complaints Scale (GMSCS). Results: The SmartACT group showed significantly improved agility (MD = −1.07 s, p < 0.001, d = 2.50, 95% CI [1.79, 3.35]), faster reaction times (MD = −643.75 ms, p < 0.001, d = 0.85, 95% CI [0.35, 1.41]), and a higher number of BlazePod touches (MD = +2.53, p < 0.001, d = 1.43, 95% CI [0.87, 2.07]). Psychological symptoms (DASS-21) and somatic complaints (GMSCS) decreased significantly more than in the MAC and control groups. Conclusions: SmartACT appears to be an effective hybrid psychological intervention to simultaneously improve physical performance and reduce psychological and psychosomatic distress in adolescent athletes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Children’s Motor Development: From Birth to Adolescence)

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16 pages, 3880 KB

Open AccessArticle

Boronic Derivatives of Thiosemicarbazones as Tyrosinase Inhibitors

by Michał Jewgiński, Msanif Msanif, Honorata Zachary, Mateusz Psurski and Rafał Latajka

Pharmaceutics 2025, 17(10), 1300; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17101300 (registering DOI) - 5 Oct 2025

Abstract

Background: Tyrosinase is a copper-dependent oxyreductase capable of catalyzing the oxidation of mono- and diphenols. Its activity is crucial in the biosynthetic pathway of melanin, the pigment responsible for the pigmentation of mammalian skin and fur, and protecting their skin from harmful UV [...] Read more.

Background: Tyrosinase is a copper-dependent oxyreductase capable of catalyzing the oxidation of mono- and diphenols. Its activity is crucial in the biosynthetic pathway of melanin, the pigment responsible for the pigmentation of mammalian skin and fur, and protecting their skin from harmful UV radiation. Overproduction of this pigment leads to numerous pathological conditions, including the most severe form of skin cancer—malignant melanoma. Furthermore, tyrosinase produced in plant tissues leads to the browning of damaged vegetables and fruits. Therefore, the search for compounds that effectively and efficiently control tyrosinase activity is desirable for both pharmaceutical and food applications. Methods: A group of six boronate derivatives of thiosemicarbazones was synthesized, and their inhibitory properties against tyrosinase were determined. Furthermore, their ability to inhibit melanogenesis and proliferation in SK-MEL-3 and Hs294T cells was investigated. Docking simulations were performed to determine the nature of the inhibitor–protein interactions. Results: The tested inhibitors exhibited half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC₅₀) in the micromolar range. The best inhibitor, compound 6, had an IC₅₀ of 1.4 µM. The tested compounds exhibited poor selectivity for cell lines capable of high and low tyrosinase overexpression, with inhibitor 4 proving to be the most selective compound among those tested. Molecular modeling results indicate that the compounds with the highest activity against tyrosinase interact with the active cavity and the copper ions present within it via a boron moiety substituted on the aromatic ring of the thiosemicarbazones. Cell-based experiments indicated limited antiproliferative effects up to 100 µM across the tested lines. The compounds demonstrated weak antiproliferative effects in SK-MEL-3 and Hs-294T up to 100 µM. Conclusions: Our results show that the introduction of a boronic acid moiety is an alternative to carboxylic acid derivatives, improving the inhibitory activity of boron analogs (by fourfold) against fungal tyrosinase. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Inhibitors for Targeted Therapies)

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17 pages, 9077 KB

Open AccessArticle

Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Plasma-Sprayed Al₂O₃-TiO₂-CeO₂/YSZ Composite Coatings

by Sijie Li, Junsheng Meng, Baisen Chen, Zhifu Xu, Bei Jiang and Xiaoping Shi

Coatings 2025, 15(10), 1164; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15101164 (registering DOI) - 5 Oct 2025

Abstract

Yttria-stabilized zirconia(YSZ) was introduced into the Al₂O₃-TiO₂-CeO₂ coating prepared by plasma spraying to improve the wear resistance of the coating and prolong the service life of the weathering steel. The nano-agglomerated powder was prepared by mechanical [...] Read more.

Yttria-stabilized zirconia(YSZ) was introduced into the Al₂O₃-TiO₂-CeO₂ coating prepared by plasma spraying to improve the wear resistance of the coating and prolong the service life of the weathering steel. The nano-agglomerated powder was prepared by mechanical ball milling and spray-drying technology, powder was sprayed on the surface of Q355 steel substrate by atmospheric plasma sparing (APS), the Al₂O₃-TiO₂-CeO₂/YSZ composite coating was prepared, and the effects of YSZ on the phase, microstructure, and tribological properties of the composite coating were studied. The results show that nano-agglomerated powders with micron size (average size 55 μm) can be prepared by spray-drying technology, and after high-temperature sintering, the nano-agglomerated powders are denser and form the α-Al₂O₃ phase. The composite coating prepared by plasma spraying has a bimodal structure, and after adding YSZ, the phases in the coating are mainly α-Al₂O₃, γ-Al₂O₃, and t-ZrO₂, the grain size is fine, and the porosity is reduced. The specific wear rate is only 4.4 × 10⁻⁵ mm³ N⁻¹·m⁻¹, the relative wear resistance is 6.3 times higher than that of the substrate, and the wear mechanism of the coating is mainly slight adhesive wear and abrasive wear, which shows excellent friction and wear properties at room temperature. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Corrosion, Wear and Erosion)

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20 pages, 1177 KB

Open AccessArticle

In Vitro Three-Step Technique Assessment of a Microencapsulated Phytosynbiotic from Yanang (Tiliacora triandra) Leaf Extract Fermented with P. acidilactici V202 on Nutrient Digestibility, Cecal Fermentation, and Microbial Communities of Broilers

by Manatsanun Nopparatmaitree, Noraphat Hwanhlem, Atichat Thongnum, Juan J. Loor and Tossaporn Incharoen

Vet. Sci. 2025, 12(10), 956; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12100956 (registering DOI) - 5 Oct 2025

Abstract

The poultry industry requires sustainable strategies to improve gut health and nutrient utilization while reducing antibiotic use. This study assessed the effects of dietary supplementation with a microencapsulated phytosynbiotic from Yanang (Tiliacora triandra) leaf extract fermented with Pediococcus acidilactici V202 (YEP) [...] Read more.

The poultry industry requires sustainable strategies to improve gut health and nutrient utilization while reducing antibiotic use. This study assessed the effects of dietary supplementation with a microencapsulated phytosynbiotic from Yanang (Tiliacora triandra) leaf extract fermented with Pediococcus acidilactici V202 (YEP) on broiler ileal digestibility, microbial viability, and cecal fermentation using an in vitro gastrointestinal simulation model. Six YEP inclusion levels (0–2.5%) were tested. Results revealed significant improvements in ileal dry matter and gross energy digestibility and enhanced survival and proliferation of beneficial lactic acid bacteria in the ileum. Increased gas production, lactic acid, and volatile fatty acid concentrations, including acetate, propionate, and butyrate, indicated that cecal fermentation was enhanced in a dose-dependent manner. Moderate YEP levels optimized fermentation speed and butyrate synthesis, while higher levels enhanced total gas and acetate production. YEP also shifted the cecal microbiota toward a healthier profile, enhancing Lactobacillaceae counts and the Lactobacillaceae-to-Enterobacteriaceae ratio. Overall, protective microencapsulation, synergistic phytochemical interactions, and balanced nutrient supply had positive effects at the gut level. Thus, the data highlight YEP as a promising synbiotic feed additive that can enhance nutrient utilization, microbial balance, and gut health in broilers, warranting future in vivo validation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases in Veterinary Medicine)

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