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19 pages, 259 KB  
Article
Wartime Experiences of Single Parents by Choice
by Dorit Segal-Engelchin, Maya Tsfati and Alean Al-Krenawi
Healthcare 2025, 13(23), 3133; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13233133 (registering DOI) - 2 Dec 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Despite extensive research on the outcomes faced by parents in contexts of political violence, as well as the protective factors that enhance their well-being, the experiences of single parents by choice (SPCs) in such circumstances have largely been neglected. This study sought [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Despite extensive research on the outcomes faced by parents in contexts of political violence, as well as the protective factors that enhance their well-being, the experiences of single parents by choice (SPCs) in such circumstances have largely been neglected. This study sought to address this gap by examining the experiences of SPCs during the current phase of the Israel–Hamas war that began on 7 October 2023. Method: This qualitative study used a context-informed approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 Israeli SPCs (5 fathers and 6 mothers), including 2 displaced due to the destruction of their homes. All participants were secular Jews, predominantly middle- to upper-middle-class, aged 40–58, and had at least one child aged 15 months to 17 years. A thematic analysis method was utilized. Results: Two overarching themes emerged from the interviews, shaping participants’ wartime experiences: (1) the intensified challenges associated with parenting alone in the context of armed conflict and (2) the factors that mediated the impact of these challenges. Three key challenges identified by participants included: (1) persistent perceptions of danger and threat to life; (2) heightened financial insecurity; and (3) significant disruptions to daily routines. Three systemic-level protective factors were identified as instrumental in mitigating these challenges: (1) engagement in joint familial activities; (2) the presence of a supportive work environment; and (3) social and political engagement. These factors appeared to foster resilience and enhance participants’ psychological coping capacities amidst ongoing conflict. Conclusions: By highlighting the distinct stressors faced by SPCs in wartime and the factors mediating their impact on well-being, our findings extend the Stress Process Model to conflict settings, enhancing understanding of how single parenting is contextually shaped during major community crises. The findings may encourage clinicians and social workers to adopt a more nuanced approach when working with parents in conflict zones, enabling them to tailor interventions to the specific needs of different family structures. For SPCs, such interventions may include tele-counseling to provide psychosocial support and guidance for parents in supporting their children, without the need for childcare or travel, as well as advocacy for workplace policies that reduce financial and emotional vulnerabilities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stress, Traumatic Events and Political Violence: Implications for Mental Health Care)
14 pages, 1237 KB  
Article
Lifelong Learning and Archeological Field Schools
by Edward Mark Schortman and Patricia Ann Urban
Humans 2025, 5(4), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/humans5040032 (registering DOI) - 2 Dec 2025
Abstract
Higher education inculcates in students an enduring curiosity about the world. Accomplishing this goal requires helping undergraduates recognize that learning is a social process occurring within multiple communities of practice. Each of these collectives provides different lenses through which aspects of reality are [...] Read more.
Higher education inculcates in students an enduring curiosity about the world. Accomplishing this goal requires helping undergraduates recognize that learning is a social process occurring within multiple communities of practice. Each of these collectives provides different lenses through which aspects of reality are illuminated, none encompassing all there is to know about a subject. Students thus appreciate that learning is an open-ended processes driven by a curiosity that is never satisfied. Knowledge resulting from that process is forever being refined, a project to which undergraduates can contribute. Appreciating the many ways of knowing the world requires engaging meaningfully with these distinct communities. This is best achieved by participating directly in the work and lives of multiple such collectives. Field schools provide excellent opportunities in which students come to perceive, think about, and act in worlds constituted by the community of archeologists and that comprise people hosting and participating in the investigations. We use our experiences directing an archeological field school in northwest Honduras from 1983-2008 to illustrate how we used this learning environment to help undergraduates make original contributions to knowledge of the area’s past while rethinking who they are and what they are capable of achieving. Full article
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33 pages, 2563 KB  
Article
Assessing Environmental Sustainability: A National-Level Life Cycle Assessment of the Icelandic Cattle System
by Sankalp Shrivastava, María Gudjónsdóttir, Vincent Elijiah Merida, Gudjon Thorkelsson and Ólafur Ögmundarson
Sustainability 2025, 17(23), 10778; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172310778 (registering DOI) - 2 Dec 2025
Abstract
The Icelandic Government’s climate action plan proposes climate-neutral beef production, reduced methane emissions, and improved fertilizer management. However, a life cycle assessment (LCA) of cattle production is lacking to determine the current status of its environmental impacts. This study conducts a cradle-to-farm gate [...] Read more.
The Icelandic Government’s climate action plan proposes climate-neutral beef production, reduced methane emissions, and improved fertilizer management. However, a life cycle assessment (LCA) of cattle production is lacking to determine the current status of its environmental impacts. This study conducts a cradle-to-farm gate LCA of interconnected dairy and beef cattle systems. The functional unit (FU) is “1 kg of edible cattle meat” for the meat and “1 kg of fat and protein corrected milk” (FPCM) for milk produced in Iceland in 2019. The multifunctionality between meat and milk from the dairy system is handled using mass, economic, and biophysical allocations, respectively. The environmental impacts were estimated using the ReCiPe 2016 v1.08 mid-point (H) impact assessment method. Furthermore, this study conducts an uncertainty and global sensitivity analysis to understand the possible range of environmental impacts and identifies key influential parameters in the dairy and beef cattle system. Animal production is a hotspot for global warming, while the feed (hay and concentrate) is a hotspot for other environmental categories. The allocation method choice highly influences the environmental impacts. This study underscores the need to harmonize data collection and access to centralized, reliable data sources to reduce uncertainty and meet climate action plan goals on both the national and global scale. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Livestock for Sustainable Agriculture)
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23 pages, 1183 KB  
Article
Investigation of Combined Toxic Metals, PFAS, Volatile Organic Compounds, and Essential Elements in Chronic Kidney Disease
by Aderonke Gbemi Adetunji and Emmanuel Obeng-Gyasi
J. Xenobiot. 2025, 15(6), 202; https://doi.org/10.3390/jox15060202 (registering DOI) - 2 Dec 2025
Abstract
Exposure to environmental pollutants, including toxic metals, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), has been increasingly linked to impaired kidney function. However, the combined effects of these exposures, along with essential elements, on kidney health remain poorly understood. This [...] Read more.
Exposure to environmental pollutants, including toxic metals, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), has been increasingly linked to impaired kidney function. However, the combined effects of these exposures, along with essential elements, on kidney health remain poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the independent and cumulative or mixture effects of toxic metals (cadmium, lead, and mercury), essential elements (iron, manganese, and selenium), PFAS (PFOA and PFOS), and VOCs (m-/p-xylene and o-xylene) on kidney function as measured by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we applied multiple imputation to address missing data and implemented statistical techniques, including Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR), quantile g-computation, and Weighted Quantile Sum Regression (WQSR) to assess complex exposure–response relationships, including non-linear, potential synergistic, and antagonistic effects. The results indicated that several exposures were correlated, particularly o-xylene with m-/p-xylene (r = 0.77), Cd with Pb (r = 0.46), and PFOS with PFOA (r = 0.61). eGFR was negatively associated with Pb, PFOS, PFOA, and Hg. In the BKMR analysis, overall posterior inclusion probabilities (PIPs) highlighted PFOS, Cd, Se, Mn, and Fe as the most influential exposures. Quantile g-computation highlighted Cd and Mn as major contributors, while WQSR modeling confirmed Mn as a key contributor. The findings underscore the importance of considering complex interactions in environmental exposure assessments. While essential elements may offer protective effects, toxic metals, PFAS, and VOCs remain critical contributors to kidney dysfunction. These insights highlight the need for integrative risk assessment approaches and public health strategies aimed at mitigating harmful exposures while promoting optimal nutrient balance. Full article
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21 pages, 6364 KB  
Article
Time Series Analysis of GNSS, InSAR, and Robotic Total Station Measurements for Monitoring Vertical Displacements of the Dniester HPP Dam (Ukraine)
by Kornyliy Tretyak and Denys Kukhtar
Geomatics 2025, 5(4), 73; https://doi.org/10.3390/geomatics5040073 (registering DOI) - 2 Dec 2025
Abstract
Classical instrumental technologies still remain important among the geodetic methods of dam monitoring, but periodic observations are often insufficient for timely detection of hazardous deformations. Therefore, the integration of continuous and remote sensing technologies into a multi-level system of observation improves the assessment [...] Read more.
Classical instrumental technologies still remain important among the geodetic methods of dam monitoring, but periodic observations are often insufficient for timely detection of hazardous deformations. Therefore, the integration of continuous and remote sensing technologies into a multi-level system of observation improves the assessment of a structural condition. This research work evaluates the integrated approach that combines the GNSS data, robotic total station measurements, and satellite radar data processed by the PSInSAR technique for detecting the cyclic thermal deformations of the Dniester HPP concrete dam. The dataset includes 185 ascending and 184 descending Sentinel-1A SAR images (2019–2025, 12-day repeat cycle). PSInSAR processing was performed using StaMPS, with validation through comparison of InSAR-derived vertical displacements and GNSS data from the stationary monitoring system of the dam. The GNSS and InSAR time series have revealed consistent seasonal patterns and a common long-term trend. Harmonic components with amplitudes of 4–5 mm, peaking in late summer and declining in winter, confirm the dominant influence of thermal processes. In order to reduce noise, Fourier-based filtering and approximation were applied, thus ensuring balance between accuracy and data retention. The combined use of GNSS, robotic total station, and InSAR has increased the density of reliable control points and improved the thermal deformation model. Maximum vertical displacements of 6–13 mm were observed on the horizontal sections most exposed to solar radiation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Geographic Information and Remote Sensing Technology (GIRST))
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15 pages, 3215 KB  
Article
Beyond Stationarity: The FARO Framework for Quantifying Adaptive Operational Risk in Marine Spatial Planning
by Jorcelino Rinalde de Paulo and Thauan Santos
Sustainability 2025, 17(23), 10779; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172310779 (registering DOI) - 2 Dec 2025
Abstract
Marine Spatial Planning (MSP), the prevailing global governance paradigm for sustainable ocean development, confronts the critical challenge of integrating climatic uncertainty into its core processes. Reliance on the stationarity assumption compromises risk assessments for long-lifecycle assets within the Blue Economy, thereby impeding progress [...] Read more.
Marine Spatial Planning (MSP), the prevailing global governance paradigm for sustainable ocean development, confronts the critical challenge of integrating climatic uncertainty into its core processes. Reliance on the stationarity assumption compromises risk assessments for long-lifecycle assets within the Blue Economy, thereby impeding progress toward principal sustainability objectives. This article introduces and validates FARO (Framework for Adaptive Operational Risk Analysis), a methodological framework designed to operationalize the transition toward climate-smart MSP. The framework’s core innovation lies in furnishing a scalable quantitative structure that directly links high-resolution climatological projections with operational decision-making and capital planning, thereby converting climatic uncertainty into actionable operational risk indicators. Its applicability is demonstrated via a case study of Brazil’s emergent offshore wind industry (Southeastern Marine Region), analyzing impacts under the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios (using INPE-Eta/CMIP5 regional projections). The findings quantify the critical role of technological resilience as a key adaptation variable, revealing a potential reduction in operational downtime from approximately 60% to 10% by enhancing operational capacity from Standard (SWH 2.0 m) to Flexible (SWH 2.5 m). In conclusion, the results indicate that FARO is a robust decision-support instrument, effectively bridging state-of-the-art regional climate science with participatory planning to foster genuinely sustainable and resilient maritime development. Full article
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16 pages, 522 KB  
Article
Zero-Inflated Text Data Analysis Using Imbalanced Data Sampling and Statistical Models
by Sunghae Jun
Computers 2025, 14(12), 527; https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14120527 (registering DOI) - 2 Dec 2025
Abstract
Text data often exhibits high sparsity and zero inflation, where a substantial proportion of entries in the document–keyword matrix are zeros. This characteristic presents challenges to traditional count-based models, which may suffer from reduced predictive accuracy and interpretability in the presence of excessive [...] Read more.
Text data often exhibits high sparsity and zero inflation, where a substantial proportion of entries in the document–keyword matrix are zeros. This characteristic presents challenges to traditional count-based models, which may suffer from reduced predictive accuracy and interpretability in the presence of excessive zeros and overdispersion. To overcome this issue, we propose an effective analytical framework that integrates imbalanced data handling by undersampling with classical probabilistic count models. Specifically, we apply Poisson’s generalized linear models, zero-inflated Poisson, and zero-inflated negative binomial models to analyze zero-inflated text data while preserving the statistical interpretability of term-level counts. The framework is evaluated using both real-world patent documents and simulated datasets. Empirical results demonstrate that our undersampling-based approach improves the model fit without modifying the downstream models. This study contributes a practical preprocessing strategy for enhancing zero-inflated text analysis and offers insights into model selection and data balancing techniques for sparse count data. Full article
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6 pages, 183 KB  
Editorial
The Transformative Role of Molecular, Cellular, and Blood Biomarkers in Precision Medicine
by Jordi Camps, Isabel Fort-Gallifa and Xavier Gabaldó-Barrios
Biomolecules 2025, 15(12), 1680; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom15121680 (registering DOI) - 2 Dec 2025
Abstract
The importance of molecular, cellular, and blood-based biomarkers in modern medicine cannot be overstated [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular, Cellular, and Blood Biomarkers in Diagnosis, Prognosis, Monitoring, and Treatment)
9 pages, 918 KB  
Communication
New Molecular Materials for Direct Air Capture of Carbon Dioxide Using Electro-Swing Chemistry
by Zoe Wang, Hunter J. Koltunski and Oana R. Luca
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(23), 12739; https://doi.org/10.3390/app152312739 (registering DOI) - 2 Dec 2025
Abstract
The increasing amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere is the main factor contributing to climate change. Recent studies have determined that simply reducing emissions is insufficient to restore the Earth’s atmospheric system—negative emissions are therefore necessary. Current carbon (i.e., [...] Read more.
The increasing amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere is the main factor contributing to climate change. Recent studies have determined that simply reducing emissions is insufficient to restore the Earth’s atmospheric system—negative emissions are therefore necessary. Current carbon (i.e., CO2) capture technologies use thermal or pressure swings. These approaches suffer from low energy efficiency, high cost, and geographic constraints. Electro-swing chemistry-based carbon capture has emerged as a promising potential solution to these challenges. However, strong CO2-binding sorbents, not susceptible to oxygen interference, remain elusive. In this study, three electron-deficient quinones were designed and tested as CO2 capture molecular sorbents. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) on these novel quinones reveals that 2,3-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DBQ) has a second reduction potential positive of that of oxygen reduction. Moreover, this sorbent binds to CO2 with a free energy ΔGbind of −5.39 kcal/mol when activated by electrochemical reduction. These results suggest that DBQ may be a sorbent candidate that can capture >70% of CO2 in the current atmosphere using electro-swing chemistry without the interference of oxygen in the air. This novel sorbent can be further developed for large-scale carbon capture and combating global warming and its associated impacts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Sciences)
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24 pages, 535 KB  
Article
Environmental Auditing, Public Finance, and Risk: Evidence from Moldova and Bulgaria
by Luminita Diaconu, Biser Krastev, Elena Georgieva and Radosveta Krasteva-Hristova
J. Risk Financial Manag. 2025, 18(12), 683; https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm18120683 (registering DOI) - 2 Dec 2025
Abstract
The recent expansion of sustainability studies has reshaped corporate governance and public oversight with direct implications for financial exposure and risk management. In particular, environmental auditing generates decision-useful signals on environmental liabilities, remediation and compliance costs, and budgetary/fiscal risks that affect both corporate [...] Read more.
The recent expansion of sustainability studies has reshaped corporate governance and public oversight with direct implications for financial exposure and risk management. In particular, environmental auditing generates decision-useful signals on environmental liabilities, remediation and compliance costs, and budgetary/fiscal risks that affect both corporate financing conditions (e.g., cost of capital) and public finance resilience. This study conducts a comparative examination of environmental auditing practices in Moldova and Bulgaria over 2020–2025, asking how audit mandates, coverage, and disclosure practices inform banks, insurers, investors, and budget holders. Using documents from national legal databases and supervisory portals, we apply descriptive content analysis across structural, substantive, and procedural dimensions, with special attention to financial-risk channels (contingent liabilities, sanction risk, value-for-money and procurement risks). We find that Bulgaria exhibits stronger institutional implementation capacity, while Moldova shows legislative innovation; in both cases, stronger transparency, public participation, and digital audit analytics are needed to quantify fiscal and enterprise-level ESG risks. Overall, this paper positions environmental auditing as a governance lever linking sustainability oversight to finance- and risk-related outcomes, aligning with focus on sustainable finance, ESG disclosure, and governance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Finance and Corporate Responsibility)
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16 pages, 5218 KB  
Article
Proposal for Zeolite Waste from Fluid Catalytic Cracking as a Pozzolanic Addition for Earth Mortars: Initial Characterisation
by María Barros Magdalena, Lidia García-Soriano, Alicia Hueto-Escobar, Camilla Mileto and Fernando Vegas
Coatings 2025, 15(12), 1408; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15121408 (registering DOI) - 2 Dec 2025
Abstract
This article presents the programme for the characterisation of earth mortars stabilised with experimental pozzolanic material from fluid catalytic cracking (FCC). This study aims to establish the optimal ratio for adding pozzolan to stabilise earth mortars. Ash may be used in conservation processes, [...] Read more.
This article presents the programme for the characterisation of earth mortars stabilised with experimental pozzolanic material from fluid catalytic cracking (FCC). This study aims to establish the optimal ratio for adding pozzolan to stabilise earth mortars. Ash may be used in conservation processes, as it presents suitable pozzolanic properties. Based on the starting premise that its application does not cause chromatic variations in the final mortar and displays resistance to damage from chlorides and extreme temperatures, it can be considered ideal for this purpose. The process of transformation into ash is linked to the production of naphthas and refined petroleum products, where the mineral is a catalyst for the reaction. With use, the mineral tends to shrink, losing the necessary properties for this process. Over the last decade, this process, which is widely used in the petrochemical industry, has generated a volume of waste of up to 3000 tons per day. The amount of waste generated is of interest for its reuse, and a rise is observed in preliminary studies, which confirm that this material is pozzolanic and non-toxic. This offers the possibility of studying this addition to stabilise materials and constructions manufactured with earth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Earthen Site Conservation: Methods, Techniques, Management, and Key Case Studies)
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24 pages, 2996 KB  
Article
What Does Bullet Screen Bring to Video Platform? A Theoretical Analysis Comparing Different Bullet Screen Modes
by Xingzhen Zhu and Li Li
J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res. 2025, 20(4), 338; https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer20040338 (registering DOI) - 2 Dec 2025
Abstract
Many video platforms (e.g., TikTok and Bilibili) choose to provide bullet screens on their video content. With the different types of bullet screen features, platforms face the challenge of choosing an appropriate bullet screen strategy, especially when consumers have different preferences for bullet [...] Read more.
Many video platforms (e.g., TikTok and Bilibili) choose to provide bullet screens on their video content. With the different types of bullet screen features, platforms face the challenge of choosing an appropriate bullet screen strategy, especially when consumers have different preferences for bullet screens. To address this challenge, this paper constructs a game-theoretic model to analyze the optimal bullet screen strategy for video platforms with two-sided market characteristics. Although there are some arguments that bullet screens can be detrimental to the platform’s advertising business, our study shows that when the bullet screen feature can attract more consumers, it is beneficial for both the platform and the advertisers. Additionally, we found that as consumers’ attention levels toward bullet screens increase or the proportion of bullet screen preference consumers rises, the video platform will enhance the quality of bullet screens provided to consumers and raise advertising pricing for advertisers. However, the platform’s profits do not necessarily increase accordingly and are also influenced by the platform’s bullet screen cost coefficient. Our comparative analysis of the three bullet screen models reveals that when consumers in the market are ad-fatigued, the model that allows bullet screens to cover ads is the optimal choice for the platform, and when there are differences in the cross-side network effects of advertiser to consumers, the model that maximizes the platform’s profits depends on the size of the cross-side network effects of advertiser to consumers. Our study provides important managerial insights for video platforms, especially on how to provide bullet screens under two-sided market structures. In future research, we will strive to better integrate consumer attention theory with theoretical modeling. Full article
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23 pages, 382 KB  
Article
Tangible and Intangible Determinants of FDI and FPI Inflows: Evidence from BRICS Countries
by Sally Huni, Athenia Bongani Sibindi and Patricia Lindelwa Makoni
Economies 2025, 13(12), 353; https://doi.org/10.3390/economies13120353 (registering DOI) - 2 Dec 2025
Abstract
While extensive research has explored the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) and foreign portfolio investment (FPI) in BRICS nations, there remains a notable gap in understanding the influence of intangible factors, particularly soft power and nation branding. Historically, academic discourse has underemphasized [...] Read more.
While extensive research has explored the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) and foreign portfolio investment (FPI) in BRICS nations, there remains a notable gap in understanding the influence of intangible factors, particularly soft power and nation branding. Historically, academic discourse has underemphasized the role of nation branding as a crucial emotional and perceptual component in investment decision-making processes. Consequently, governments in BRICS countries must enhance their national branding efforts to attract both capital and portfolio investment flows. The principal aim of this study was to jointly analyse the tangible and intangible determinants influencing FDI and FPI in BRICS from 1994 to 2024. Employing advanced econometric techniques, specifically the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach for cointegration and Vector Error Correction Models (VECM) for estimation. This study makes a unique contribution to existing literature by examining the nexus between nation branding, FDI and FPI, thereby introducing a novel perspective on the factors driving investment in the BRICS context with an emphasis on non-tangible determinants. The findings indicate that nation branding, along with exchange rate stability, property rights, and financial market development, are significant positive determinants of FPI in these countries. Conversely, capital openness demonstrated a negative relationship with FPI. Moreover, the positive impact of nation branding on FDI within BRICS nations was reaffirmed. This study substantiates the critical role of nation branding as a pivotal driver for both FDI and FPI, emphasising its strategic importance in the economic landscape of BRICS countries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Nexus of Financial Development and Economic Growth: New Evidence in a Changing Global Economy)
27 pages, 812 KB  
Article
Public Debt and Economic Growth in Africa: The FDI Effect
by Emmanuel Oluwafemi and Libo Xu
Economies 2025, 13(12), 352; https://doi.org/10.3390/economies13120352 (registering DOI) - 2 Dec 2025
Abstract
This study examines the desirable public debt threshold for African economies and the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth, using secondary data from 1995 to 2019. The analysis employed panel-data threshold regression, and the results indicate that the debt threshold [...] Read more.
This study examines the desirable public debt threshold for African economies and the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth, using secondary data from 1995 to 2019. The analysis employed panel-data threshold regression, and the results indicate that the debt threshold desirable for economic growth ranges from 22% to 85% of GDP, depending on the kind of model employed. Also, the results conclusively show that FDI always has a negative effect on economic growth when the economy operates below the bottom-debt threshold, with the negative FDI coefficient remaining significant across most of the analysis. It is thus crucial for policymakers to continue pursuing policies that encourage debt financing for major infrastructure projects that drive increased industrialization. This will also help to increase the local economies’ attractiveness to foreign investment and ensure that the FDI will only further boost economic growth and development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regional Economic Development: Policies, Strategies and Prospects)
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22 pages, 1115 KB  
Article
Integrated Scheduling Algorithm for No-Wait Network Flexible Based on Idle-Time Optimization and Process Rescheduling
by Dongmei Liu and Zhiqiang Xie
Symmetry 2025, 17(12), 2053; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17122053 (registering DOI) - 2 Dec 2025
Abstract
To address the integrated scheduling problem involving no-wait constraints between processes in the actual production of complex products with both symmetric and asymmetric branches, and the need for cross-workshop equipment network collaboration and equipment flexibility, a no-wait network flexible integrated scheduling algorithm based [...] Read more.
To address the integrated scheduling problem involving no-wait constraints between processes in the actual production of complex products with both symmetric and asymmetric branches, and the need for cross-workshop equipment network collaboration and equipment flexibility, a no-wait network flexible integrated scheduling algorithm based on idle-time optimization and process rescheduling is proposed (ITPR-NFIS). Based on the concepts of non-terminal flexible process groups, terminal flexible process groups, and virtual no-wait flexible process groups, the algorithm first determines the scheduling sequence for non-terminal flexible process groups and virtual no-wait flexible process groups using the reverse layer priority strategy and the average reverse subsequent path strategy. Then, the no-wait earliest completion strategy, the optimal completion-semi-idle triggered insertion rescheduling strategy, and the optimal completion-full-idle adaptive insertion scheduling strategy are proposed to determine the processing machine and processing time for the target process. Finally, for terminal flexible process groups, the scheduling sequence is determined based on the completion time of their reverse preceding process, and the processing machine and processing time of the terminal flexible process groups are determined by the no-wait earliest completion strategy and the optimal completion-full-idle adaptive insertion scheduling strategy. The example shows that the algorithm can effectively solve the integrated scheduling problem with no-wait constraints in cross-workshop equipment networks, whether applied to symmetric, asymmetric, or mixed-structure complex products. It significantly reduces the total processing time and enhances production efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Computer)
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23 pages, 6665 KB  
Article
Research on Energy Management Strategy for Range-Extended Electric Vehicles Based on Eco-Driving Speed
by Hanwu Liu, Kaicheng Yang, Wencai Sun, Le Liu, Zihang Su, Qiaoyun Xiao, Song Wang and Shunyao Li
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(23), 12738; https://doi.org/10.3390/app152312738 (registering DOI) - 2 Dec 2025
Abstract
To achieve the optimal energy allocation between the auxiliary power unit (APU) and battery of connected automated range-extended electric vehicle (CAR-EEV), the hierarchical eco-driving control with dynamic game energy management were investigated and the optimization design of APU working mode was carried out [...] Read more.
To achieve the optimal energy allocation between the auxiliary power unit (APU) and battery of connected automated range-extended electric vehicle (CAR-EEV), the hierarchical eco-driving control with dynamic game energy management were investigated and the optimization design of APU working mode was carried out from a multi-objective perspective. Initially, the acceleration and speed of the host vehicle were adjusted in real time, based on the driving status of the preceding vehicle, and the ecological driving speed was obtained in the adaptive car-following eco-driving mode. The dynamic game energy management strategy was proposed, leveraging the real-time interactive information between the vehicle and the traffic environment, and intelligently allocating and scheduling the energy flow within the powertrain. Dynamic game optimization was adopted to achieve dynamic decision-making and control optimization on whether to switch the APU operating speed or not. The multi-objective optimization analyses are carried out based on the weight coefficient matrix. The hierarchical dynamic game energy management strategy based on eco-driving speed (HDGEMS) is implemented through dynamic games and exhibits excellent performance. This strategy enables dynamic adjustment of power distribution between the APU and the battery, thereby allowing the APU to operate efficiently under optimal operating conditions. Meanwhile, it effectively reduces secondary charging losses and the dynamic switching time of the APU, and ultimately achieves energy optimization. Eventually, the results of simulation and experimental thoroughly indicated that economy improvement, emission reduction, and battery life enhancement of CAR-EEV were effectively kept in balance under the control of the proposed HDGEMS with intelligent optimization mode. New research ideas and technical directions are provided for the field of EMS, which is expected to promote technological progress in the industry. Full article
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20 pages, 7305 KB  
Article
Fast Electrical Activation of Shape Memory Alloy Spring Actuators: Sub-Second Response Characterization and Performance Optimization
by Stefano Rodinò, Matteo Chiodo, Antonio Corigliano, Giuseppe Rota and Carmine Maletta
Actuators 2025, 14(12), 584; https://doi.org/10.3390/act14120584 (registering DOI) - 2 Dec 2025
Abstract
Background: Shape memory alloy spring actuators offer significant potential for advanced actuation systems in exoskeletons, medical devices, and robotics, but adoption has been limited by slow activation speeds and insufficient design guidelines for achieving rapid response times while maintaining structural integrity. Objective: This [...] Read more.
Background: Shape memory alloy spring actuators offer significant potential for advanced actuation systems in exoskeletons, medical devices, and robotics, but adoption has been limited by slow activation speeds and insufficient design guidelines for achieving rapid response times while maintaining structural integrity. Objective: This study aimed to establish comprehensive design parameters for nickel–titanium spring actuators capable of achieving sub-second activation times through systematic experimental characterization and performance optimization. Methods: Nine different nickel–titanium spring configurations with wire diameters ranging from 0.5 to 0.8 mm and spring indices from 6 to 8 were systematically evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry for thermal characterization, mechanical testing for material properties, high-current electrical activation studies spanning 5–11 A, infrared thermal distribution analysis, and laser displacement sensing for dynamic response measurement. Results: Dynamic testing achieved activation times below 1 s for currents exceeding 5 A, with maximum displacement recoveries reaching 600–800% strain recovery, while springs with intermediate spring index values of 6.5–7.5 provided optimal balance between force output and displacement range, and optimal activation involved moderate current levels of 5–7 A for thin wires and 8–11 A for thick wires. Conclusions: Systematic geometric optimization combined with controlled high-current density activation protocols enables rapid actuation response while maintaining structural integrity, providing essential design parameters for engineering applications requiring fast, reliable actuation cycles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) Actuators and Their Applications—2nd Edition)
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19 pages, 4987 KB  
Article
Influence of Tilt Angle and Sag-to-Span Ratio on the Wind-Induced Interference Effects on Structural Response in a Cable-Supported Photovoltaic Array
by Xinyue Liu, Wenyong Ma, Xiaobin Zhang, Shuhui Zhang and Zhengzhong Su
Buildings 2025, 15(23), 4359; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15234359 (registering DOI) - 2 Dec 2025
Abstract
As a common large-scale civil engineering structure, cable-supported photovoltaic (PV) arrays are typically designed with a 25-year service life, with their primary structural system composed of beam-column frames, pre-tensioned cables and modules. Cable-supported photovoltaic arrays are susceptible to large-amplitude wind-induced vibrations (WIV), threatening [...] Read more.
As a common large-scale civil engineering structure, cable-supported photovoltaic (PV) arrays are typically designed with a 25-year service life, with their primary structural system composed of beam-column frames, pre-tensioned cables and modules. Cable-supported photovoltaic arrays are susceptible to large-amplitude wind-induced vibrations (WIV), threatening structural safety and serviceability. This study investigates interference effects on an eight-row array that employs aeroelastic wind tunnel tests, focusing on how tilt angle and sag-to-span ratio influence vibration characteristics and interference mechanisms. Results show coupled vertical–torsional vibrations with amplitudes increasing with wind speed and that are more intense under wind suction than under wind pressure. Reducing tilt angle and sag-to-span ratio effectively suppresses vibrations and raises critical flutter speed. For interference effects, mean response demonstrates clear shielding with amplitudes decreasing leeward. In contrast, fluctuating response behavior depends on tilt angle: 5° tilt angle produces a shielding effect, while 25° tilt angle causes an amplification effect with periodic fluctuations. The 25° tilt angle shows greater sensitivity to wind speed, evidenced by decreasing interference coefficients from the second to eighth windward rows with increasing wind speed. Although reducing the sag-to-span ratio most effectively suppresses vibrations in the first windward row and consequently affects downstream interference coefficients, it does not alter the fundamental trends governed by tilt angle. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovations in Composite Material Technologies and Structural Design)
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21 pages, 2934 KB  
Article
Tribological Assessment of FFF-Printed TPU Under Dry Sliding Conditions for Sustainable Mobility Components
by Patricia Isabela Brăileanu, Marius-Teodor Mocanu and Nicoleta Elisabeta Pascu
Future Transp. 2025, 5(4), 184; https://doi.org/10.3390/futuretransp5040184 (registering DOI) - 2 Dec 2025
Abstract
We are witnessing a global commitment to sustainable mobility that requires advanced materials and manufacturing techniques, such as fused filament fabrication (FFF), to create lightweight, durable, and recyclable machine components. Acknowledging that friction and wear significantly contribute to energy loss globally, developing high-performance [...] Read more.
We are witnessing a global commitment to sustainable mobility that requires advanced materials and manufacturing techniques, such as fused filament fabrication (FFF), to create lightweight, durable, and recyclable machine components. Acknowledging that friction and wear significantly contribute to energy loss globally, developing high-performance polymeric materials with customizable properties is essential for greener mechanical systems. FFF inherently drives resource efficiency and offers the geometric freedom necessary to engineer complex internal structures, such as the gyroid pattern, enabling substantial mass reduction. This study evaluates the tribological performance of FFF-printed thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU 82A) specimens fabricated with three distinct gyroid infill densities (10%, 50%, and 100%). Ball-on-disc testing was conducted under dry sliding conditions against a 100Cr6 spherical ball, with a constant normal load of 5 N, resulting in an initial maximum theoretical Hertz contact pressure of 231 MPa, over a total sliding distance of 300 m. Shore A hardness and surface roughness (Ra) were also measured to correlate mechanical and structural characteristics with frictional response. Results reveal a non-monotonic relationship between infill density and friction, with a particular absence of quantifiable mass loss across all samples. The intermediate 50% infill (75.9 ± 1.80 Shore A) exhibited the peak mean friction coefficient of μ¯=1.002 (μmax=1.057), which can be attributed to its balanced structural stiffness that promotes localized surface indentation and an increased real contact area during sliding. By contrast, the rigid 100% infill (86.3 ± 1.92 Shore A) yielded the lowest mean friction (μ¯ = 0.465), while the highly compliant 10% infill (44.3 ± 1.94 Shore A) demonstrated viscoelastic energy damping, stabilizing at μ¯ = 0.504. This work highlights the novelty of using FFF gyroid architectures to precisely tune TPU 82A’s tribological behavior, offering design pathways for sustainable mobility. The ability to tailor components for low-friction operations (e.g., μ ≈ 0.465 for bushings) or high-grip requirements (e.g., μ ≈ 1.002 for anti-slip systems) provides eco-efficient solutions for automotive, railway, and micromobility applications, while the exceptional wear resistance supports extended service life and material circularity. Full article
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13 pages, 220 KB  
Article
White South African Refugee Claims to Marginalisation: A Case of Re-Racialisation
by Suriamurthee Moonsamy Maistry
Genealogy 2025, 9(4), 143; https://doi.org/10.3390/genealogy9040143 (registering DOI) - 2 Dec 2025
Abstract
South Africa has relatively recently transitioned from a condition of legislated racial stratification to a democracy in which all South Africans now enjoy political enfranchisement. While political emancipation has been achieved, economic and social emancipation remain elusive for the majority of Black South [...] Read more.
South Africa has relatively recently transitioned from a condition of legislated racial stratification to a democracy in which all South Africans now enjoy political enfranchisement. While political emancipation has been achieved, economic and social emancipation remain elusive for the majority of Black South Africans who still bear the brunt of poverty and deprivation. South Africa’s white colonial communities, having relinquished political power, continue to retain and enjoy economic and social class privileges. Despite state-driven social cohesion and nation-building initiatives, the envisaged ‘rainbow nation’ (a metaphor coined by the late Archbishop Desmond Tutu) is becoming an increasingly fragile social aspiration. Historical legacies, especially regarding white affirmation, wealth accumulation, and the imperative for economic redistribution and land reform, have become key flashpoints in contemporary South Africa. This paper addresses the issue of how South Africa’s corrective justice and affirmative action policies are re-racialised into narratives of reverse racism, white persecution, and white genocide. It examines how racial arbitrage works where whiteness is systematically re-racialised and traded for its value in a different country context. It examines how disillusioned white South Africans leverage white racial and class privilege for transnational mobility and protections, white settler-colonial receptivity and white nationhood. It draws attention to the tensions and contradictions in global asylum regimes, illuminating transnational networks of privilege and economic superpower coercion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Racialization, Class and the Politics of Nation: Tensions and Articulations in the Twenty-First Century)
21 pages, 3495 KB  
Article
Interactions of Potassium Fertilization and Straw Return in Modulating Maize Yield and Lodging Resistance
by Xiaowen Wang, Jia Liu, Shuang Liu, Yao Zhao, Hong Ren and Yan Gu
Plants 2025, 14(23), 3665; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14233665 (registering DOI) - 2 Dec 2025
Abstract
Maize lodging is a major factor limiting maize grain yield. Potassium (K) fertilization is known to reduce lodging, but the potential impact of straw return on lodging resistance remains unclear. A two-year field experiment was conducted with five K levels (0, 30, 60, [...] Read more.
Maize lodging is a major factor limiting maize grain yield. Potassium (K) fertilization is known to reduce lodging, but the potential impact of straw return on lodging resistance remains unclear. A two-year field experiment was conducted with five K levels (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg ha−1) under straw return (S1) and no straw return (S0). Maize yield, stem lodging resistance index (SLRI), crushing strength (CS), stem morphological and physicochemical characteristics, and soil nutrient levels were measured. Compared to S0, increased K application with S1 significantly enhanced the SLRI (16.0%) and CS (19.8%) across two years, which was due to the improvement of stem morphological (internode dry weight, length, and plumpness) and physiological characteristics (soluble sugar, cellulose, lignin, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL), and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD)), especially the third internode. The highest SLRI and CS of each internode of the two straw treatments were obtained in K120, while no significant difference between K90 and K120 was observed for these indicators under the same straw treatment. Grain yield and soil available K content of S1 were higher by an average of 5.0% and 18.0% than S0, respectively. Compared to K0, K120 increased the yield and soil available K content by 17.3% and 18.8%, but there was no significant difference with K90. As a result, S0 and S1 both achieved a soil K balance when the surplus rate was close to zero at a K input of 90 kg ha−1. Fitting analysis indicated that, compared to S0, the K application rate of S1 was reduced by an average of 11.8% while maintaining a K surplus rate of 0, which means S1 could enhance soil potassium cycling and supply capacity but also reduce fertilizer input. In conclusion, straw return combined with K fertilizer (e.g., 90 kg ha−1) is an effective strategy to enhance lodging resistance and maintain maize yield by improving stem morphological and physicochemical characteristics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Crop Physiology and Crop Production)
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16 pages, 3703 KB  
Article
In Vitro Experimental and Numerical Simulation Study on the Influence of Uniaxial Cyclic Compression on Cytoskeletal Structure
by Lu Yu, Jingyi Jia, Tianyi Zhang and Yifei Yao
Bioengineering 2025, 12(12), 1317; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12121317 (registering DOI) - 2 Dec 2025
Abstract
While research on cellular responses to cyclic compression has predominantly focused on proliferation and differentiation, changes in cell orientation and force distribution within the cytoskeleton represent crucial biomechanical aspects that remain less explored. This study aimed to design a programmable device for applying [...] Read more.
While research on cellular responses to cyclic compression has predominantly focused on proliferation and differentiation, changes in cell orientation and force distribution within the cytoskeleton represent crucial biomechanical aspects that remain less explored. This study aimed to design a programmable device for applying uniaxial cyclic compression to cells and analyze actin filament reorientation following specific compression regimens. A programmable device was developed to apply uniaxial cyclic compression. A finite element model of a viscoelastic cell incorporating actin filaments was developed to evaluate cell membrane strain. Statistical analysis included Pearson correlation to assess the relationship between actin filament orientation and membrane strain, following normality confirmation with the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Student’s t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to assess significance between groups. A strong positive correlation was found between the average/peak maximum principal strain on the cell membrane and the angle of actin filaments relative to the cell long axis (r = 0.96, p < 0.05; r = 0.94, p < 0.05, respectively). Cyclic compression reduced the maximum principal strain by reversing the actin filament orientation observed under static compression. This correlated with a significant decrease in cell mortality. Cyclic compression reduces the maximum principal strain on the cell membrane via reorientation of actin filaments, suggesting a cytoprotective effect. These findings provide insight into biomechanical adaptive mechanisms of cells under cyclic compression and could inform the design of bioreactors and rehabilitation devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering)
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14 pages, 3858 KB  
Article
Interkingdom Biofilms Are Affected by Non-Antibiotic Strategies: In Vitro Study in Lubbock Chronic Wound Biofilm Model
by Paola Di Fermo, Firas Diban, Emanuela Di Campli, Luigina Cellini, Morena Pinti, Mara Di Giulio, Morena Petrini, Simonetta D’Ercole and Silvia Di Lodovico
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(23), 11658; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262311658 (registering DOI) - 2 Dec 2025
Abstract
Chronic wound infections associated with resistant polymicrobial biofilms are often refractory to conventional therapies with sustained healing time. This study evaluated the efficacy of non-antibiotic treatments including Methylglyoxal—MGO—Light-Emitting Diode—LED—and Complex Magnetic Fields—CMFs—alone/combined against the biofilms of two polymicrobial mixes (MIX 1, MIX 2) [...] Read more.
Chronic wound infections associated with resistant polymicrobial biofilms are often refractory to conventional therapies with sustained healing time. This study evaluated the efficacy of non-antibiotic treatments including Methylglyoxal—MGO—Light-Emitting Diode—LED—and Complex Magnetic Fields—CMFs—alone/combined against the biofilms of two polymicrobial mixes (MIX 1, MIX 2) containing S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and C. albicans using the Lubbock chronic wound biofilm model. At 24 h after treatment, the effects were evaluated by (i) CFU/mg reduction, (ii) Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy—CLSM—and (iii) Scanning Electron Microscopy—SEM. All treatments significantly reduced biofilms in terms of CFU/mg in both mixes versus the controls, 24 h after treatment. MGO showed remarkable activity, especially against P. aeruginosa. In MIX 1, LED/MGO + LED was highly effective against C. albicans. The combinations MGO + LED/MGO + CMFs enhanced the antibiofilm activity compared to each single treatment against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, in both MIX1/MIX2. CLSM and SEM analysis showed biofilm disaggregation and reduction in cell viability with combined treatments, and Candida hyphal inhibition after CMFs application. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that MGO, alone or combined with LED or CMFs, shows high efficacy against resistant biofilms in the LCWB model 24 h after treatment, and encourage further studies on potential non-antibiotic and eco-friendly strategies as future alternative therapeutic approaches for chronic wound infections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Microbiology)
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23 pages, 1503 KB  
Review
Biostimulation in Clean-Up Biotechnologies: The Present Scenario and Future Trends
by Olga Muter
Bacteria 2025, 4(4), 62; https://doi.org/10.3390/bacteria4040062 (registering DOI) - 2 Dec 2025
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the main trends and progress in the biostimulation approach, which represents a crucial component of the broader multi-factor bioremediation process. A comprehensive search was carried out in the Scopus database. The stimulating [...] Read more.
The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the main trends and progress in the biostimulation approach, which represents a crucial component of the broader multi-factor bioremediation process. A comprehensive search was carried out in the Scopus database. The stimulating roles of individual and complex nutrient amendments are reviewed, with particular emphasis on plant extracts, molasses, and surfactants. Methodological approaches for optimising nutrient formulations and conditions to strengthen the biostimulation effect are analysed, taking into account microbial ecology and physiology. Aspects of interspecies microbial interactions, such as cross-feeding connections, are discussed. The roles of directed evolution, starvation, and statistical optimisation in enhancing microbial activity are also highlighted. Overall, substantial theoretical knowledge on this topic has been accumulated in the scientific literature. However, data from long-term field studies remain scarce. Looking forward, modern methodological approaches may bridge these knowledge gaps by enabling the prediction of microbial activity, interactions, and cross-feeding, supported by comprehensive monitoring. In particular, artificial intelligence tools for the statistical optimisation of biostimulation conditions are expected to significantly improve process performance. This review summarises recent scientific papers alongside findings from our own long-term studies. Full article
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24 pages, 4396 KB  
Article
A Two-Stage Deep Reinforcement Learning-Driven Dynamic Discriminatory Pricing Model for Hotel Rooms with Fairness Constraints
by Xinmin Wang, Yuwei Xie, Ling Jian, Wei Liu and Wenting Lv
J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res. 2025, 20(4), 337; https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer20040337 (registering DOI) - 2 Dec 2025
Abstract
Big data-driven discriminatory pricing not only creates opportunities to boost hotel profits but also amplifies consumers’ negative perceptions of price fairness. Developing a dynamic discriminatory pricing model with fairness constraints helps hotel room managers formulate optimal pricing strategies. This paper proposes a dynamic [...] Read more.
Big data-driven discriminatory pricing not only creates opportunities to boost hotel profits but also amplifies consumers’ negative perceptions of price fairness. Developing a dynamic discriminatory pricing model with fairness constraints helps hotel room managers formulate optimal pricing strategies. This paper proposes a dynamic discriminatory pricing model with fairness constraints that unifies four pricing models: fixed pricing, dynamic pricing, discriminatory pricing, and dynamic discriminatory pricing. It further proposes a two-stage deep reinforcement learning algorithm to efficiently solve the model and generate optimal pricing strategies. Finally, a case study is conducted to validate the proposed model and algorithm. The results show that the two-stage deep reinforcement learning algorithm can instantaneously derive optimal pricing schemes that satisfy both group and temporal fairness constraints, following a reasonably time-efficient training process. By adjusting the fairness parameters, our model can be transformed into the four types of pricing models, and the performance of the algorithm is validated for the commonly used dynamic pricing and dynamic discriminatory pricing models. Compared to traditional nonlinear programming solution algorithms, this algorithm generates optimal daily prices based on real-time market changes, making it more practically applicable. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Technologies and Marketing Innovation)
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23 pages, 864 KB  
Article
Influence of FinTech Paylater, Financial Well Being, Behavioral Finance, and Digital Financial Literacy on MSME Sustainability in South Sumatera
by Endah Dewi Purnamasari, Leriza Desitama Anggraini and Faradillah
J. Risk Financial Manag. 2025, 18(12), 682; https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm18120682 (registering DOI) - 2 Dec 2025
Abstract
This study examines the influence of FinTech Paylater, Financial Well Being (FW), Behavioral Finance (BF), and Digital Financial Literacy (DFL) on the sustainability of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in South Sumatera, Indonesia. Using a quantitative explanatory design, data from 563 MSME [...] Read more.
This study examines the influence of FinTech Paylater, Financial Well Being (FW), Behavioral Finance (BF), and Digital Financial Literacy (DFL) on the sustainability of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in South Sumatera, Indonesia. Using a quantitative explanatory design, data from 563 MSME owners were collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM–PLS). The results show that FinTech Paylater, FW, BF, and DFL have positive and significant effects on MSME sustainability, with DFL emerging as the strongest predictor. Paylater services support sustainability by improving liquidity and access to short-term financing, while FW enhances financial stability and resilience. BF shapes financial decision-making through behavioral control and risk awareness. The integrated model explains 61% of the variance in MSME sustainability and demonstrates that digital capability and psychological factors jointly determine whether FinTech is used productively or consumptively. The findings provide theoretical contributions to the literature on FinTech and MSME sustainability and offer practical implications for policymakers and FinTech providers in designing targeted Digital Financial Literacy programs and responsible Paylater schemes for MSMEs in emerging economies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Financial Literacy in Modern Finance)
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