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17 pages, 255 KB

Open AccessArticle

Early Childhood Oral Health: Insights into Knowledge, Preventive Practices, and Risk Awareness from a Croatian Cross-Sectional Study

by Marija Matijević, Marija Badrov, Lidia Gavić and Antonija Tadin

Pediatr. Rep. 2025, 17(6), 130; https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric17060130 (registering DOI) - 3 Dec 2025

Abstract

Aim: Early childhood caries (ECC) is a widespread and multifactorial oral disease that affects children globally. Parents’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors are crucial in preventing ECC and supporting oral health. This study evaluated Croatian parents’ understanding of children’s oral health, their awareness of [...] Read more.

Aim: Early childhood caries (ECC) is a widespread and multifactorial oral disease that affects children globally. Parents’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors are crucial in preventing ECC and supporting oral health. This study evaluated Croatian parents’ understanding of children’s oral health, their awareness of ECC risk factors, and their oral hygiene practices. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using an anonymous and voluntary online questionnaire from October to December 2024 among 948 parents of children aged 1–7 years across Croatia. The study assessed parents’ knowledge of oral health, their understanding of the relationship between risk factors and early childhood caries, habits related to oral hygiene care, children’s experiences with oral health problems, parents’ self-assessment of their knowledge, as well as both their own and their children’s general and oral health and hygiene practices. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, Mann–Whitney U test, and Kruskal–Wallis test. Results: Overall parental knowledge was moderate, with significantly higher scores among older parents, those with university education, healthcare workers, and families with higher incomes (p < 0.05). Parents demonstrated good awareness of the importance of supervising tooth brushing until age seven (93.8%) and fluoride use (81.8%); yet gaps persisted regarding bacterial transmission, tooth eruption, and early orthodontic evaluation. Preventive dental visits were frequently delayed, and only 25.0% of parents reported using interdental cleaning aids. Caries was the most common oral health issue among children (22.3%). Conclusions: Despite moderate awareness and some adherence to preventive measures, significant knowledge and practice gaps remain among Croatian parents. Targeted educational interventions and nationwide preventive strategies are necessary to strengthen oral health literacy and reduce ECC prevalence. Full article

13 pages, 902 KB

Open AccessReview

Can Beetroot (Beta vulgaris) Support Brain Health? A Perspective Review on Alzheimer’s Disease

by Rachel Kimble and Oliver M. Shannon

Nutrients 2025, 17(23), 3790; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17233790 (registering DOI) - 3 Dec 2025

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the leading cause of dementia, has limited treatment options despite extensive pharmacological research. This has increased interest in dietary strategies that act across multiple pathological mechanisms. Beetroot (Beta vulgaris), known for its cardiovascular and metabolic benefits, contains a [...] Read more.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the leading cause of dementia, has limited treatment options despite extensive pharmacological research. This has increased interest in dietary strategies that act across multiple pathological mechanisms. Beetroot (Beta vulgaris), known for its cardiovascular and metabolic benefits, contains a distinctive combination of bioactive compounds including inorganic nitrate, betalains, and polyphenols. Together these constituents influence vascular function, oxidative stress, mitochondrial efficiency, inflammation, and the microbiota. Previous reviews have typically focused on dietary nitrate in dementia prevention or have examined nitrate and betalains separately. In contrast, this review synthesises evidence on beetroot as a combined neuroprotective food. Preclinical data indicate that beetroot and its key constituents enhance antioxidant defences, support neuronal bioenergetics, and modulate cholinergic and inflammatory pathways. Human studies further suggest that nitrate-rich beetroot can improve cerebral blood flow and vascular responsiveness, and that higher intakes of plant-derived nitrate are associated with reduced cognitive decline. However, findings are inconsistent, most trials are small and short in duration, and research directly involving people with AD is scarce. By integrating vascular, antioxidant, and microbiome perspectives, this review identifies beetroot as a promising yet underexplored dietary candidate for AD management. Further mechanistic studies and multidomain approaches combining metagenomics, biomarkers, neuroimaging, and cognitive outcomes are needed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Phytochemicals and Human Health)

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17 pages, 3433 KB

Open AccessArticle

Anticipation of Stress and Relaxation Dynamically Impacts Sleep

by Sandrine Baselgia, Jonas Beck and Björn Rasch

Clocks & Sleep 2025, 7(4), 68; https://doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep7040068 (registering DOI) - 3 Dec 2025

Abstract

Anticipation of stressful events can impair sleep quality. In a recent study, we reported that anticipating a stressful task before a nap led to negative changes in sleep parameters, particularly at the end of the nap. In our previous study, we compared stress [...] Read more.

Anticipation of stressful events can impair sleep quality. In a recent study, we reported that anticipating a stressful task before a nap led to negative changes in sleep parameters, particularly at the end of the nap. In our previous study, we compared stress anticipation with the anticipation of relaxation; thus, the observed effects may have been amplified by sleep quality improvements in the relaxation condition. In the current study, we aimed to replicate these findings using an alternative neutral control condition. The data from a newly collected sample (n = 31) were compared with the data from our previous study (n = 33) using identical analyses. The results reveal an opposite pattern from our previous study: participants in the neutral control condition showed poorer sleep (longer sleep onset latency, reduced slow-wave sleep, and lower SWA/beta ratio) compared to those anticipating stress. In a direct comparison of both studies, sleep parameters in the stress conditions were highly similar across the two studies, suggesting that the divergent outcomes are driven by differences in the control conditions. The temporal dynamic changes observed in our previous study could not be replicated. These findings highlight the importance of carefully considering control conditions in experimental sleep research and suggest that even “neutral” instructions can evoke anticipatory effects. Moreover, the observed benefits of anticipating post-sleep relaxation highlight opportunities for relaxation-based interventions to improve sleep quality. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Human Basic Research & Neuroimaging)

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16 pages, 2473 KB

Open AccessArticle

Abiotic Degradation of Polymeric Personal Protective Equipment by Artificial Weathering

by Sudhakar Muniyasamy and Asis Patnaik

Processes 2025, 13(12), 3904; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13123904 (registering DOI) - 3 Dec 2025

Abstract

Personal protective equipment (PPE) like single-use face masks is discarded after a single use and poses a significant danger to the environment, resulting in plastic pollution. Most of the face masks are made from synthetic polymers and are non-biodegradable to the environment; hence, [...] Read more.

Personal protective equipment (PPE) like single-use face masks is discarded after a single use and poses a significant danger to the environment, resulting in plastic pollution. Most of the face masks are made from synthetic polymers and are non-biodegradable to the environment; hence, concerns are being raised about polymers’ environmental impact. Most of the previous studies so far focus on polypropylene (PP) disposable masks and limited data related to environmental abiotic degradation behavior. There is a lack of studies aiming to understand the degradation behavior of different masks and the influence of physical-chemical factors. In this paper, we report on the environmental abiotic degradation of cloth, surgical and respirator filter facepiece 1 (FFP1) masks by accelerated artificial weathering. Furthermore, physical-chemical properties of masks were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA). The cloth and FFP1 masks are made from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and surgical masks were made from polypropylene (PP). Masks were exposed to an accelerated weathering test, which simulates the effects of natural sunlight and reproduces the damage caused by weathering elements such as sunlight, rain and dew. Masks were exposed to Ultraviolet radiation (UV) for 120, 240 and 360 h followed by condensation at 50 °C for 4 h. The FTIR results show that PET cloth and FFP1 PET masks are not degrading with the 360 h maximum exposure duration, which is equivalent to ±180 days. The FTIR scan of the PP surgical mask after 120 h of exposure time shows that it was degraded and broken down into fragments. For the PET cloth mask, a 58% reduction in crystallinity and heat of enthalpy was observed after 120 h of exposure. UV exposure causes a chain scission reaction, breaking down the ester bond in the case of the PET cloth mask. In the case of the PET FFP1 mask exposed to UV for 120, 240 and 360 h, a drastic reduction in crystallinity was observed as compared to the neat (original) PET FFP1 mask. Neat PET cloth and FFP1 masks have higher onset and maximum degradation temperatures as compared to the 120, 240 and 360 h UV exposed masks. Neat PET cloth and FFP1 masks have better resistance to thermal degradation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Process Analysis of Pollutants in Fiber Filtration, Adsorption, and Purification)

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1 pages, 127 KB

Open AccessEditorial

Caution in Interpreting Number Needed to Treat and Number Needed to Harm in Clinical Trials

by Giovanni Tripepi and Graziella D’Arrigo

Kidney Dial. 2025, 5(4), 58; https://doi.org/10.3390/kidneydial5040058 (registering DOI) - 3 Dec 2025

Abstract

We read with great interest the recent paper by Campese (2025) [...] Full article

16 pages, 481 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of a Low-Energy and Low-Glycemic Diet on Adipose Tissue Metabolism and Energy Expenditure in Women with Excess Body Weight

by Ewa Lange and Ewelina Pałkowska-Goździk

Nutrients 2025, 17(23), 3789; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17233789 (registering DOI) - 3 Dec 2025

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Data indicate that a low-glycemic index diet may be an effective nutritional approach to improve cardiometabolic parameters and support weight loss in obese individuals. The purpose of the study was to evaluate and compare the effects of a free-choice low-GI diet [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Data indicate that a low-glycemic index diet may be an effective nutritional approach to improve cardiometabolic parameters and support weight loss in obese individuals. The purpose of the study was to evaluate and compare the effects of a free-choice low-GI diet and a low-energy diet in women with excessive body weight on the value of anthropometric parameters, selected indices of lipid, carbohydrate, and fat tissue metabolism, and alterations in resting metabolic rate (RMR). Methods: Forty-six women were randomly assigned to either a low-GI diet (LGI) or a low-energy diet (LED) for 12 weeks. Dietary habits and anthropometric parameters (waist circumference, body weight, fat mass, total body water, and fat-free mass) were monitored and reviewed regularly. Biochemical parameters—including lipid profile, markers of glucose metabolism, adiponectin, leptin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and RMR—were assessed at baseline and after three months of dietary intervention. Results: Both diets had a beneficial effect on monitored parameters; however, the LGI diet was shown to be superior in reducing waist circumference, LDL, non-HDL cholesterol, leptin, and HbA1c, and in increasing GLP-1 levels without decline in RMR. Conclusions: A low-GI diet, under dietary supervision, can improve metabolic performance and promote weight reduction in people with obesity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Interventions for Obesity and Obesity-Related Complications)

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17 pages, 7127 KB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Microvibration Testing and Decoupling for Space Payloads with Large Inertia, High Stiffness, and Discrete Interfaces

by Renkui Jiang, Wei Liang, Libin Wang, Haibing Su, Yanqing Zhang, Tonglei Jiang, Junfeng Du and Ang Zhang

Sensors 2025, 25(23), 7352; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25237352 (registering DOI) - 3 Dec 2025

Abstract

As the core observation instrument of the China Space Station Telescope (CSST), the Survey Camera (SC) generates microvibrations that significantly degrade the telescope’s imaging quality. Consequently, evaluating the microvibration response of the SC is of critical importance. However, for large-inertia, high-stiffness payloads like [...] Read more.

As the core observation instrument of the China Space Station Telescope (CSST), the Survey Camera (SC) generates microvibrations that significantly degrade the telescope’s imaging quality. Consequently, evaluating the microvibration response of the SC is of critical importance. However, for large-inertia, high-stiffness payloads like the SC with discrete interfaces, structural coupling between the payload and the test system leads to distortions in microvibration test results. Since the vibration transmission under structural coupling is not a simple series superposition, and the transfer functions of each link in the transmission path as well as the coupling correction matrices are difficult to obtain, this paper proposes a semi-physical simulation method for microvibration decoupling. The method first establishes a coupled finite element model of the SC and the test system. The model is iteratively modified based on the results of modal tests and transmissibility tests to ensure consistency with the dynamic characteristics of the actual coupled system. The model is validated through microvibration response tests, and the results show good agreement between the model and the actual system (the RMS deviation of force/torque is less than 5%). After stripping the test system from the modified coupled model, the intrinsic microvibration responses of the SC can be extracted, achieving the dynamic decoupling analysis of the complex coupled system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Instrument and Measurement)

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20 pages, 2325 KB

Open AccessArticle

Development of a STEM Teaching Strategy to Foster 21st-Century Skills in High School Students Through Gamification and Low-Cost Biomedical Technologies

by Kelly J. Marin-Mantilla and William D. Moscoso-Barrera

Educ. Sci. 2025, 15(12), 1624; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15121624 (registering DOI) - 3 Dec 2025

Abstract

STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) is essential for the development of 21st-century skills, particularly in a world driven by technological innovation. However, in vulnerable school contexts, access to meaningful STEM experiences remains limited. This study addresses this issue through the design and [...] Read more.

STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) is essential for the development of 21st-century skills, particularly in a world driven by technological innovation. However, in vulnerable school contexts, access to meaningful STEM experiences remains limited. This study addresses this issue through the design and implementation of a didactic strategy in a public high school in Bogotá, Colombia, based on two educational resources: the BioSen electronic board, which is compatible with Arduino technology and designed to acquire physiological signals such as electrocardiography (ECG), electromyography (EMG), electrooculography (EOG), and body temperature; and the Space Exploration instructional guide, which is organized around contextualized learning missions. This study employed a quasi-experimental mixed-methods design that combined pre–post perception questionnaires, unstructured classroom observations, and a contextualized knowledge test administered to three student groups. Findings demonstrate that after eight weeks of implementation with upper secondary students, the strategy had a positive impact on the development of 21st-century skills, such as creativity, computational thinking, and critical thinking. These skills were assessed through a mixed quasi-experimental design combining perception questionnaires, qualitative observations, and knowledge evaluations. Unlike the control groups, students who participated in the intervention adjusted their self-perceptions when facing real-world challenges and showed progress in the application of key competencies. Overall, the results support the effectiveness of integrating low-cost biomedical tools with gamified STEM instruction to enhance higher-order thinking skills and student engagement in vulnerable educational contexts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue STEM Synergy: Advancing Integrated Approaches in Education)

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13 pages, 3401 KB

Open AccessCommunication

Bioinspired Microcavities Enhancing the Interface of Fe–Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer

by Longfei He, Lianhai Wang, Guorong Cui, Wencong Zhang, Mengkai Chen, Jiabin Hou and Chao Cui

Materials 2025, 18(23), 5444; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18235444 (registering DOI) - 3 Dec 2025

Abstract

Laser micro-drilling was applied to Fe substrates to enhance the interfacial properties of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer/iron laminates. This architecture is referred to as a resin-interlocked Fe-CFRP hybrid composite. Inspired by human hair follicles’ exceptional adhesion and filling efficiency, novel biomimetic frustum-integrated cylindrical cavities [...] Read more.

Laser micro-drilling was applied to Fe substrates to enhance the interfacial properties of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer/iron laminates. This architecture is referred to as a resin-interlocked Fe-CFRP hybrid composite. Inspired by human hair follicles’ exceptional adhesion and filling efficiency, novel biomimetic frustum-integrated cylindrical cavities were engineered for Fe surface modification. Experimental results demonstrate that laser-processed surfaces with varied hole geometries (conical, conical frustum, cylindrical, and frustum-integrated cylindrical cavities) exhibit significantly improved interfacial performance compared to untreated Fe controls. Specifically, RI-Fe/CFRP specimens containing frustum-integrated cylindrical cavities achieved the highest shear strength, with a 44.8% increase over non-drilled counterparts. Subsequent molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the critical role of the cavity geometry, demonstrating that the frustum-integrated cylindrical cavity elevates the Fe–Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A interfacial energy and van der Waals interactions by 45.44% and 50.66%, respectively, versus the flat surface. The interfacial energy enhancement mechanism via distinct hole configurations was systematically studied. Furthermore, comprehensive micro-hole topology analysis elucidated the reinforcement mechanism in resin-interlocked Fe-CFRP hybrid composites. Results demonstrate that frustum-integrated cylindrical cavities significantly enhance DGEBA-3,3′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone fluidity during interface simulation, promoting mechanical interlocking and optimized resin-filling efficiency. Laser micro-drilling effectively improves Fe-DGEBA interfacial performance. These findings provide critical insights for designing high-performance composites in aerospace and automotive applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Digital Manufacturing Technology)

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7 pages, 692 KB

Open AccessCase Report

A Rare Case of Metastatic Urethral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Presenting with Paraneoplastic Sweet Syndrome and Treated with Pembrolizumab

by Dan-Thanh Christine Nguyen, Zineb Hamilou, Evelyne Bonnardeaux, Normand Blais and Manon de Vries-Brilland

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(12), 683; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32120683 (registering DOI) - 3 Dec 2025

Abstract

Primary urethral cancer is an extremely rare malignancy, accounting for less than 1% of all cancers. Due to its rarity, evidence-based treatment recommendations are lacking. We report the case of a 44-year-old woman with metastatic squamous cell urethral carcinoma and paraneoplastic Sweet syndrome. [...] Read more.

Primary urethral cancer is an extremely rare malignancy, accounting for less than 1% of all cancers. Due to its rarity, evidence-based treatment recommendations are lacking. We report the case of a 44-year-old woman with metastatic squamous cell urethral carcinoma and paraneoplastic Sweet syndrome. The tumor was p16-positive with strong PD-L1 expression (CPS > 50%). Following surgery and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, the patient developed hepatic and lymph node metastases. Pembrolizumab was initiated as first-line systemic therapy because of prior hematologic toxicity with cisplatin. After four cycles, complete radiologic remission of metastases and full resolution of the Sweet syndrome were achieved. This case highlights the potential benefit of immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic urethral SCC, particularly in p16-positive and PD-L1-high tumors, suggesting an inflamed and immunogenic microenvironment. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of paraneoplastic Sweet syndrome successfully treated with pembrolizumab. These findings underscore the need for further investigation of immunotherapy in this rare and challenging malignancy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Genitourinary Oncology)

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26 pages, 11944 KB

Open AccessArticle

Lightweight 3D Multi-Object Tracking via Collaborative Camera and LiDAR Sensors

by Dong Feng, Hengyuan Liu and Zhiyu Liu

Sensors 2025, 25(23), 7351; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25237351 (registering DOI) - 3 Dec 2025

Abstract

With the widespread adoption of camera and LiDAR sensors, 3D multi-object tracking (MOT) technology has been extensively applied across numerous fields such as robotics, autonomous driving, and surveillance. However, existing 3D MOT methods still face significant challenges in addressing issues such as false [...] Read more.

With the widespread adoption of camera and LiDAR sensors, 3D multi-object tracking (MOT) technology has been extensively applied across numerous fields such as robotics, autonomous driving, and surveillance. However, existing 3D MOT methods still face significant challenges in addressing issues such as false detections, ghost trajectories, incorrect associations, and identity switches. To address these challenges, we propose a lightweight 3D multi-object tracking framework via collaborative camera and LiDAR sensors. Firstly, we design a confidence inverse normalization guided ghost trajectories suppression module (CIGTS). This module suppresses false detections and ghost trajectories at their source using inverse normalization and a virtual trajectory survival frame strategy. Secondly, an adaptive matching space-driven lightweight association module (AMSLA) is proposed. By discarding global association strategies, this module improves association efficiency and accuracy using low-cost decision factors. Finally, a multi-factor collaborative perception-based intelligent trajectory management module (MFCTM) is constructed. This module enables accurate retention or deletion decisions for unmatched trajectories, thereby reducing computational overhead and the risk of identity mismatches. Extensive experiments on the KITTI dataset show that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods across multiple performance metrics, achieving Higher Order Tracking Accuracy (HOTA) scores of 80.13% and 53.24% for the Car and Pedestrian categories, respectively. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vision Sensors for Object Detection and Tracking)

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19 pages, 916 KB

Open AccessArticle

Convolutional Neural Networks for Automated and Non-Intrusive Measurement of Customer Satisfaction in Restaurants

by Oscar Santacoloma-Pérez, Marcos Eduardo Valdés-Alarcón, Alexander Sánchez-Rodríguez, Rodobaldo Martínez-Vivar, Gelmar García-Vidal and Reyner Pérez-Campdesuñer

Tour. Hosp. 2025, 6(5), 264; https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp6050264 (registering DOI) - 3 Dec 2025

Abstract

Customer satisfaction (CS) is a cornerstone of competitiveness in the hospitality sector, particularly in restaurants, where service interactions are highly sensory and time-sensitive. Traditional measurement instruments, such as SERVQUAL, SERVPERF, and the American Customer Satisfaction Index, provide valuable diagnostic insights but remain limited [...] Read more.

Customer satisfaction (CS) is a cornerstone of competitiveness in the hospitality sector, particularly in restaurants, where service interactions are highly sensory and time-sensitive. Traditional measurement instruments, such as SERVQUAL, SERVPERF, and the American Customer Satisfaction Index, provide valuable diagnostic insights but remain limited by recall bias, social desirability, and delayed feedback. Advances in deep learning now enable non-intrusive, real-time monitoring of customer experience. This study evaluates the feasibility of using a convolutional neural network (CNN) to automatically classify customer satisfaction based on facial expressions captured at the point of payment in a restaurant. From an initial dataset of over 5000 images, 2969 were validated and labeled through a binary self-report mechanism. The CNN, implemented with transfer learning (MobileNetV2), achieved robust performance, with 93.5% accuracy, 92.8% recall, 91.0% F1-score, and an area under the ROC curve of 0.93. Comparative benchmarks with Support Vector Machine and Random Forest classifiers confirmed the superiority of the CNN across all metrics. The findings highlight CNNs as reliable and scalable tools for continuous CS monitoring, complementing rather than replacing classical survey-based approaches. By integrating implicit, real-time signals with traditional instruments, restaurants can strengthen decision-making, enhance service quality, and co-create personalized experiences while addressing challenges of explainability, external validity, and data ethics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Data-Driven Insights in Tourism and Hospitality: Smart Technologies and Data Science)

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11 pages, 1327 KB

Open AccessArticle

Study on the Structure and Antioxidant Properties of Seamless Knitted Fabrics with Antioxidant Fibers

by Lei Yan, Lu Chang, Shuhan Shen, Zimin Jin and Mingtao Zhao

Materials 2025, 18(23), 5446; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18235446 (registering DOI) - 3 Dec 2025

Abstract

The antioxidant properties of seamless knitted fabrics with antioxidant fibers determine their antioxidant effects. In this paper, we used five kinds of raw yarn materials, namely mint nylon filament, tea carbon nylon filament, coffee carbon nylon filament, collagen nylon filament, and nylon filament, [...] Read more.

The antioxidant properties of seamless knitted fabrics with antioxidant fibers determine their antioxidant effects. In this paper, we used five kinds of raw yarn materials, namely mint nylon filament, tea carbon nylon filament, coffee carbon nylon filament, collagen nylon filament, and nylon filament, and chose three kinds of fabric microstructure, namely weft flat knit, 1+1 false rib, and 1+3 false rib, to obtain 15 seamless knitted samples with antioxidant fiber by establishing the sample scheme through the full factorial experimental method and weaving them on the seamless loom. DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging tests were performed on the 15 seamless knitted samples of antioxidant fiber according to the standards, and the results showed that, in terms of the type of yarns, the antioxidant performance of tea carbon nylon filament was the best, followed by coffee carbon nylon filament and mint nylon filament, and the antioxidant performances of collagen nylon and ordinary nylon yarn were relatively weak; in terms of the fabric structure, the 1+1 false rib structure was slightly better than the weft flat knit structure, while the 1+3 false rib structure was relatively poor. Overall, the antioxidant performance of sample No. 5, with the 1+1 false rib structure and tea carbon nylon thread, was the best. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Biomaterials)

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20 pages, 3176 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Compact GPT-Based Multimodal Fake News Detection Model with Context-Aware Fusion

by Zengxiao Chi, Puxin Guo and Fengming Liu

Electronics 2025, 14(23), 4755; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14234755 (registering DOI) - 3 Dec 2025

Abstract

With the rapid development of social networks, online news has gradually surpassed traditional paper media and become a main channel for information dissemination. However, the proliferation of fake news also poses a serious threat to individuals and society. Since online news often involves [...] Read more.

With the rapid development of social networks, online news has gradually surpassed traditional paper media and become a main channel for information dissemination. However, the proliferation of fake news also poses a serious threat to individuals and society. Since online news often involves multimodal content such as text and images, multimodal fake news detection has become increasingly important. To address the challenges of feature extraction and cross-modal fusion in this task, this study presents a new multimodal fake news detection model. The model uses a GPT-style encoder to extract text semantic features, a ResNet backbone to extract image visual features, and dynamically captures correlations between modalities through a context-aware multimodal fusion module. In addition, a joint optimization strategy combining contrastive loss and cross-entropy loss is designed to enhance modal alignment and feature discrimination while optimizing classification performance. Experimental results on the Weibo and PHEME datasets show that the proposed model outperforms baseline methods in accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score, effectively captures correlations between modalities, and improves the quality of feature representation and overall model performance. This study suggests that the proposed approach may serve as a useful approach for fake news detection on social platforms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Artificial Intelligence)

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19 pages, 318 KB

Open AccessArticle

Not Ready for AI? Exploring Teachers’ Negative Attitudes Toward Artificial Intelligence

by Laurențiu Gabriel Țîru, Vasile Gherheș, Ionela Stoicov and Miroslav Stanici

Societies 2025, 15(12), 337; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15120337 (registering DOI) - 3 Dec 2025

Abstract

This study examines teachers’ negative attitudes toward artificial intelligence (AI) in education, focusing on the role of digital literacy, demographic characteristics, and direct AI experience. Using a quantitative cross-sectional design, data were collected from 1110 Romanian pre-university teachers through a self-administered online questionnaire. [...] Read more.

This study examines teachers’ negative attitudes toward artificial intelligence (AI) in education, focusing on the role of digital literacy, demographic characteristics, and direct AI experience. Using a quantitative cross-sectional design, data were collected from 1110 Romanian pre-university teachers through a self-administered online questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis confirmed a two-dimensional structure of negative attitudes—Perceived AI Threat and Distrust in the Fairness and Ethics of AI—with good internal reliability (α = 0.93 and α = 0.62, respectively). Results indicated significant gender differences, with women reporting higher levels of perceived threat, while distrust in AI fairness showed no significant variation across gender, age, or teaching degree. Teachers in urban areas expressed greater skepticism toward AI ethics than those in rural settings. Higher levels of digital literacy were negatively correlated with both dimensions of negative attitudes, suggesting that digital competence mitigates technological anxiety. Moreover, frequent personal and professional use of AI predicted lower perceived threat levels, emphasizing the moderating role of experiential familiarity. These findings advance understanding of the psychosocial and cognitive factors shaping educators’ perceptions of AI and highlight the importance of AI literacy programs that integrate technical, ethical, and reflective components to foster informed and confident engagement with intelligent technologies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interdisciplinary Social Research in Economics, Environment, Education, and Philosophy)

12 pages, 922 KB

Open AccessReview

The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) in Colic and Anti-Inflammatory Pathways in Horses

by Nathan Schank, Ashley Cottone, Michelle Wulf, Keely Seiter, Brinley Thomas, Lynda M. J. Miller, Stacy L. Anderson, Amal Sahyoun, Ammaar H. Abidi, Modar Kassan and Ashutosh Verma

Animals 2025, 15(23), 3482; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15233482 (registering DOI) - 3 Dec 2025

Abstract

Equine colic remains a prevalent and potentially life-threatening condition with multifactorial origins, including dietary imbalances, stress, and microbial dysbiosis. Central to equine gut health is the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), primarily acetate, propionate, and butyrate, generated through microbial fermentation of dietary [...] Read more.

Equine colic remains a prevalent and potentially life-threatening condition with multifactorial origins, including dietary imbalances, stress, and microbial dysbiosis. Central to equine gut health is the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), primarily acetate, propionate, and butyrate, generated through microbial fermentation of dietary fibers in the hindgut. These metabolites not only serve as vital energy sources but also play crucial roles in maintaining intestinal barrier integrity, modulating motility, and suppressing inflammation. This review explores the role of SCFAs in equine gastrointestinal health, with particular emphasis on their anti-inflammatory effects and potential to prevent or mitigate colic. We examine how SCFAs interact with immune pathways, via G-protein-coupled receptors and regulatory T-cell promotion, to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6. Evidence suggests that dietary shifts toward high-starch or low-fiber intake can reduce SCFA production, contributing to microbial imbalance, increased gut permeability, and systemic inflammation, all hallmarks of colic pathophysiology. Strategies to enhance SCFA levels, including high-forage diets, targeted prebiotic and probiotic supplementation, and emerging approaches like fecal microbiota transplantation, are discussed. Despite promising findings, significant gaps remain in equine-specific research, highlighting the need for longitudinal and mechanistic studies. Understanding and harnessing the therapeutic potential of SCFAs could pave the way for novel, microbiome-based interventions in colic prevention and treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Equids)

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27 pages, 8012 KB

Open AccessReview

Gas-Mediated Dynamic Structure Evolution of Bimetallic Alloy Catalysts

by Yafeng Zhang, Pengfei Du and Bing Yang

Nanomaterials 2025, 15(23), 1828; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15231828 (registering DOI) - 3 Dec 2025

Abstract

Bimetallic alloys are widely used as heterogeneous catalysts due to their unique physico-chemical properties for improving catalytic reactions. Typically, the structures of alloy catalysts are inherently dynamic under gas environments, which plays a crucial role in their catalytic activity, stability and selectivity. One [...] Read more.

Bimetallic alloys are widely used as heterogeneous catalysts due to their unique physico-chemical properties for improving catalytic reactions. Typically, the structures of alloy catalysts are inherently dynamic under gas environments, which plays a crucial role in their catalytic activity, stability and selectivity. One method of enhancing the catalytic performance of bimetallic nanomaterials is, therefore, to tune or control the surface structure of the nanomaterials, and tremendous progress has been made in this area in the past decade. In this review, we primarily focus on the dynamic structure evolution of binary noble metal alloy catalysts influencing their catalytic performance during the thermal catalytic reaction. First, we summarize the advantage of binary noble metal alloy catalysts and their structure correlation with catalysis. Then, we examine how the structure of precious-metal-based alloy catalysts evolves in response to varying gas environments and the resulting structures impacts on heterogeneous catalytic activity. Further, the advanced characterizing techniques, i.e., in situ scanning/transmission electron microscopy (in situ S/TEM) and near-ambient pressure scanning tunneling microscopy (NAP-STM) are outlined for visualizing these structural evolutions. Finally, we summarize the remaining challenges and outlooks for the future in this research field and offer the potential direction of rational design catalysts with high energy-efficient and sustainable catalytic processes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pioneering Nanomaterials: Revolutionizing Energy and Catalysis)

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27 pages, 1443 KB

Open AccessReview

Beyond Digestion: The Gut Microbiota as an Immune–Metabolic Interface in Disease Modulation

by Imran Mohammad, Md. Rizwan Ansari, Mohammed Sarosh Khan, Md. Nadeem Bari, Mohammad Azhar Kamal and Muhammad Musthafa Poyil

Gastrointest. Disord. 2025, 7(4), 77; https://doi.org/10.3390/gidisord7040077 (registering DOI) - 3 Dec 2025

Abstract

The gut microbiota has emerged as a critical immune–metabolic interface, orchestrating a complex network of interactions that extend well beyond digestion. This highly diverse community of bacteria, viruses, archaea, and eukaryotic microbes modulates host immunometabolism, metabolic reprogramming, and systemic inflammatory responses, thereby shaping [...] Read more.

The gut microbiota has emerged as a critical immune–metabolic interface, orchestrating a complex network of interactions that extend well beyond digestion. This highly diverse community of bacteria, viruses, archaea, and eukaryotic microbes modulates host immunometabolism, metabolic reprogramming, and systemic inflammatory responses, thereby shaping human health and disease trajectories. Dysbiosis, or disruption of microbial homeostasis, has been implicated in inflammatory bowel disease, cardiometabolic disorders, neurodegeneration, dermatological conditions, and tumorigenesis. Through the biosynthesis of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acid derivatives, tryptophan metabolites, and microbial-derived indoles, the gut microbiota regulates epigenetic programming, barrier integrity, and host–microbe cross-talk, thereby influencing disease onset and progression. In oncology, specific microbial taxa and oncomicrobiotics (cancer-modulating microbes) are increasingly recognized as key determinants of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) responsiveness, chemotherapeutic efficacy, and resistance mechanisms. Microbiota-targeted strategies such as fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), precision probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and engineered microbial consortia are being explored to recalibrate microbial networks and enhance therapeutic outcomes. At the systems level, the integration of multi-omics platforms (metagenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) combined with network analysis and machine learning-based predictive modeling is advancing personalized medicine by linking microbial signatures to clinical phenotypes. Despite remarkable progress, challenges remain, including the standardization of microbiome therapeutics, longitudinal monitoring of host–microbe interactions, and the establishment of robust ethical and regulatory frameworks for clinical translation. Future directions should prioritize understanding the causal mechanisms of microbial metabolites in immunometabolic regulation, exploring microbial niche engineering, and developing precision microbiome editing technologies (CRISPR, synthetic biology). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Gastrointestinal Disorders in 2025–2026)

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14 pages, 286 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Frequency of Transfusion-Transmitted Infections in Healthy Blood Donors at King Abdulaziz Hospital, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

by Saeed H. Halawani, Mohammad S. Aldosari, Fozeya S. Alzahrani-Zahrani, Muneera A. Bulushi, Roba S. Moamenah, Saeed F. Algufairy, Nada Bajuaifer, Yonis A. Allohibi and Amal Zaghloul

Medicina 2025, 61(12), 2153; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61122153 (registering DOI) - 3 Dec 2025

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) impose a considerable healthcare burden globally. Despite rigorous screening protocols, these infections can still be present among apparently healthy blood donors, potentially compromising the safety of transfusion recipients. Understanding the frequency of TTIs among blood donors [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) impose a considerable healthcare burden globally. Despite rigorous screening protocols, these infections can still be present among apparently healthy blood donors, potentially compromising the safety of transfusion recipients. Understanding the frequency of TTIs among blood donors is crucial for ensuring a healthy blood supply and gaining insights into the epidemiology of these infections within a community. Materials and Methods: The main objective of this study is to determine the frequency of TTIs among healthy blood donors, aged 18 to 60 years, at King Abdulaziz Hospital in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia. Data was collected retrospectively at the blood bank center from 1 January 2023, to 31 December 2023. Results: There were 8831 blood donors included. Saudi participants emerged as the dominant nationality, comprising 57% of the total sample (5036 out of 8831 donors). The prevalence of TTIs among blood donors varied according to the individual markers used. The overall TTI reactivity rates were low. Anti-HBc was the most common TTI-positive marker (7.5%), followed by syphilis (0.5%), HBV NAT (0.3%), HBsAg, and anti-HCV (0.3%). On the other hand, the lowest TTI-positive markers were HIV-1/-P2 and HTLV-1/-2 (0.04%). In Saudi participants, the most prevalent TTI marker was anti-HBc with a rate of 5.8% (293 out of 5036), followed by HBsAg (0.3%), syphilis (0.3%), and HBV NAT (0.2%). Conclusions: The present study found that HBV outperformed other TTI markers compared to the regional reports. However, in our research and the earlier reports, the rates of seropositive patients were noticeably low for HIV, HTLV, and malaria, while the rate for syphilis was higher, particularly among non-Saudi donors. NAT assays are crucial for screening blood donations for TTIs, which can help the early detection of infections and significantly reduce serological window periods. For a precise estimation of the frequency of TTIs, large prospective multicenter studies from various regions of the KSA are required. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Hematology and Immunology)

15 pages, 3298 KB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of TOC Change Scenarios in Cropping Systems with and Without Diversification Across Different Scales: Insights from a Northern Italian Case Study

by Chiara Piccini, Silvia Vanino, Claudia Di Bene, Alessandro Marchetti and Roberta Farina

Sustainability 2025, 17(23), 10823; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172310823 (registering DOI) - 3 Dec 2025

Abstract

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a key indicator used to evaluate cropping systems, as it reflects long-term productivity, sustainability, and environmental impacts like carbon sequestration. Diversifying crops within intensive farming systems is a possible strategy for enhancing the environmental sustainability of agriculture, resulting [...] Read more.

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a key indicator used to evaluate cropping systems, as it reflects long-term productivity, sustainability, and environmental impacts like carbon sequestration. Diversifying crops within intensive farming systems is a possible strategy for enhancing the environmental sustainability of agriculture, resulting in higher rates of SOC accumulation compared to monocultures. This study seeks to evaluate the influence of diversified cropping systems on SOC content at both the field and territorial levels. In Northern Italy, two crop management approaches—one incorporating diversification and one without—were analyzed. The ECOSSE model was employed to simulate changes in SOC content over a 30-year period of diversification, compared with monocropping. The results of the model, first run in available sampling sites, were upscaled to the field to which they belong. Then, using a machine learning approach—namely Random Forest—they were interpolated at the landscape scale, extending the information to an area with similar soil, climate, and management conditions. The maps obtained with this procedure represent valuable tools to assess the long-term effects of crop diversification with legumes on soil C at different scales and can support agricultural policymakers and planners. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Soil Pollution, Soil Ecology and Sustainable Land Use)

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11 pages, 536 KB

Open AccessArticle

Use of Cefiderocol for Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Infections in Hospital at Home: Multicentric Real-World Experience

by Andrea Parra-Plaza, Ainoa Ugarte, Eva Benavent, Nicole García-Poutón, Abel Mujal, María Rosa Oltra, Andrés Parra-Rojas, Verónica Rico, Manuel del Río and David Nicolás

Antibiotics 2025, 14(12), 1216; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14121216 (registering DOI) - 3 Dec 2025

Abstract

Background: Cefiderocol (CFD) is a novel cephalosporin targeting multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial (GNB) infections. It mimics siderophores to enter into GNB through iron transport receptors. However, evidence on its use in Hospital at Home (HaH) and outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) programs remains [...] Read more.

Background: Cefiderocol (CFD) is a novel cephalosporin targeting multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial (GNB) infections. It mimics siderophores to enter into GNB through iron transport receptors. However, evidence on its use in Hospital at Home (HaH) and outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) programs remains scarce. Objectives: The primary objective was to evaluate feasibility and efficacy of CFD in HaH setting. The secondary objective was to assess its safety. Methods: A retrospective, observational study was conducted across six Spanish centers between January 2023 and December 2024. Adult patients with documented GNB infections treated with CFD in HaH units were included. Demographic, clinical and microbiological data, treatment characteristics, and outcomes were collected. Statistical analysis was descriptive; no inferential or correlation tests were performed. Results: 27 patients were included; 70.4% were male, with a median age of 69 years. Most infections were nosocomial (65.4%), particularly skin and soft tissue (37%). Septic shock occurred in 14.8% of patients. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (66.7%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.8%) were the most frequent pathogens involved, with Verona Integron-encoded metallo-B-lactamase (VIM, 50%) being the predominant resistance mechanism. CFD was used as a first-line therapy in 63% of cases and in combination with other antibiotics in 40.7%. Median treatment duration was 21.7 days. Administration was mainly via peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC, 33.3%) and electronic pumps (52%). Adverse effects occurred in 7.4% of patients, leading to discontinuation in one case. A total of 88.8% of patients achieved clinical success, with 7.7% recurrence within a month. Escalation of care occurred in 7.7% and 19.2% were readmitted within a month after HaH discharge. No infection-related deaths were reported. Conclusions: CFD is a feasible, safe, and effective treatment for difficult-to-treat GNB infections in HaH settings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria Infections: Current Epidemiology, Prognosis and Treatment Options)

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28 pages, 6601 KB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical Simulation and Optimization of Furnace Roll Casting Production Technology

by Martina Bašistová, Filip Radkovský, Petr Lichý, Šimon Kielar and Iveta Vasková

Materials 2025, 18(23), 5445; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18235445 (registering DOI) - 3 Dec 2025

Abstract

This study investigates the use of steel and cast iron for producing cast furnace rolls to replace welded rolls, which often fail from cracks and limited durability. Casting had not been previously considered by the manufacturer, but rising demands for durability and quality [...] Read more.

This study investigates the use of steel and cast iron for producing cast furnace rolls to replace welded rolls, which often fail from cracks and limited durability. Casting had not been previously considered by the manufacturer, but rising demands for durability and quality make it a promising alternative. Material selection focused on mechanical properties, wear resistance, and production costs. To ensure casting quality, Magmasoft 6.0 software was applied for detailed simulation of casting, solidification, and cooling. Results showed that steel alloys (GS-34CrMo4 and GS-20Mn5) are prone to shrinkage and porosity, which cannot be fully avoided even with feeders. In contrast, GJS-500-7 cast iron exhibited low shrinkage tendency and minimal defects, proving suitable for production while reducing costs. It also offers lower weight and efficient metal use, improving cost-effectiveness. Detected defects were concentrated in the central casting area, where they have little impact on functionality. Based on sixteen simulations, GJS-500-7 cast iron emerged as the most suitable material for furnace rolls thanks to its thermal resistance, castability, low porosity, and ability to meet required specifications. This process optimization represents an efficient, cost-effective choice, improving final product quality and creating new opportunities for the manufacturer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Achievements in Foundry Materials and Technologies)

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12 pages, 481 KB

Open AccessArticle

2G Ethanol Production from a Cellulose Derivative

by Elton C. Grossi, Romulo D. A. Andrade, Paulo A. Z. Suarez and Sarah S. Brum

Fermentation 2025, 11(12), 676; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation11120676 (registering DOI) - 3 Dec 2025

Abstract

The conversion of cellulose into glucose has been a major challenge in improving the competitiveness of 2G ethanol production due to the inefficiency of pre-treatment and the high degree of crystallinity of the cellulose. This study examined the effect of replacing cellulose hydroxyl [...] Read more.

The conversion of cellulose into glucose has been a major challenge in improving the competitiveness of 2G ethanol production due to the inefficiency of pre-treatment and the high degree of crystallinity of the cellulose. This study examined the effect of replacing cellulose hydroxyl groups with acetyl groups on the hydrolysis yield. Cellulose compounds and cellulose acetate were characterized using FTIR, and the degree of substitution of the cellulose acetate was determined chemically. The crystallinity of the materials was analyzed using X-ray diffraction. The results of the hydrolysis reaction analysis showed that the substitution of hydroxyl groups in cellulose with acetyl groups favored acid hydrolysis, yielding high glucose yields. For the fermentation test of the hydrolysate, yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was used. Fermentation reached values close to maximum efficiency. These results open up new avenues for acid hydrolysis based on the chemical modification of cellulose.: Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Towards the Sustainable Treatment of Organic Wastes via Various Novel Biotechnologies, 2nd Edition)

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15 pages, 706 KB

Open AccessReview

Trends in Publications on AI Tools and Applications in Learning Design to Personalization of Learning—A Scoping Review

by Jacoba Munar-Garau, Bárbara De-Benito-Crosetti and Jesus Salinas

Information 2025, 16(12), 1065; https://doi.org/10.3390/info16121065 (registering DOI) - 3 Dec 2025

Abstract

The continuous evolution of learning design (LD) necessitates a systematic review to comprehensively map the available tools that support educational practice, thereby highlighting current trends and development gaps. This study aimed to classify and analyze the features, evolution, and technological maturity of tools [...] Read more.

The continuous evolution of learning design (LD) necessitates a systematic review to comprehensively map the available tools that support educational practice, thereby highlighting current trends and development gaps. This study aimed to classify and analyze the features, evolution, and technological maturity of tools supporting the LD process. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, analyzing fifty-six tools identified from major academic databases based on their support level (design, implementation, evaluation), user focus, and other characteristics. The analysis revealed a clear transition from static, desktop-based applications to dynamic, web-based, and open-source platforms. Crucially, most tools heavily focus on the initial design phase, exhibiting significant deficiencies in supporting the subsequent implementation and, particularly, the evaluation phases. The findings conclude that while the LD tool landscape is diverse, its development is uneven, suggesting a critical need for future tools to offer more robust, end-to-end lifecycle support and integrate current educational technological innovations such as Generative AI. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue AI Technology-Enhanced Learning and Teaching)

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10 pages, 741 KB

Open AccessArticle

Computer-Guided Intraosseous Anesthesia as a Primary Anesthetic Technique in Oral Surgery and Dental Implantology—A Pilot Study

by Minou Hélène Nilius and Manfred Nilius

Dent. J. 2025, 13(12), 572; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13120572 (registering DOI) - 3 Dec 2025

Abstract

This pilot study evaluated the feasibility and preliminary outcomes of computer-guided intraosseous anesthesia for oral surgery and dental implantology. Background/Objectives: The inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) is widely used for dental anesthesia; however, issues such as anatomical variation and inflammation can hinder [...] Read more.

This pilot study evaluated the feasibility and preliminary outcomes of computer-guided intraosseous anesthesia for oral surgery and dental implantology. Background/Objectives: The inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) is widely used for dental anesthesia; however, issues such as anatomical variation and inflammation can hinder effective pain control. Alternatives have been studied primarily in irreversible pulpitis, with limited data available for other procedures. Methods: In a retrospective analysis, data from 85 patients who underwent implantation, root resection, or osteotomy using QuickSleeper^® intraosseous anesthesia (IO), infiltration (INF), or IANB were assessed. Results: IO, IANB, and INF produced similar pain levels during administration, procedure, and recovery; blood pressure and heart rate were comparable. IO and INF led to less lip numbness after 15 min and required less anesthetic. IO had a significantly shorter latency than IANB, allowing earlier surgery. Conclusions: Computer-guided IO is a viable alternative to IANB for implantation, root resection, and osteotomy, offering equal pain control, shorter latency, earlier surgery, and reduced injection volume. Within the limitations of this pilot study, the findings should be considered preliminary and require confirmation in larger prospective studies. Given the exploratory pilot design, no formal sample size calculation was performed; the sample size was defined by feasibility considerations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Oral Health Management and Disease Treatment)

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4 pages, 156 KB

Open AccessEditorial

Translational Research on Solid Tumors: Bridging Molecular Insights and Clinical Impact

by Milena Urbini, Paola Ulivi and Giorgia Marisi

Cells 2025, 14(23), 1918; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14231918 (registering DOI) - 3 Dec 2025

Abstract

Translational oncology continues to advance through the integration of biological discoveries, technological innovations and clinical applications [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Translational Research on Solid Tumors)

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