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9 pages, 1179 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Scintillating Fiber Tracker of the Ziré Detector Onboard the NUSES Space Mission

by Felicia Carla Tiziana Barbato, Ivan De Mitri, Giuseppe De Robertis, Adriano Di Giovanni, Leonardo Di Venere, Giulio Fontanella, Fabio Gargano, Mario Giliberti, Francesco Licciulli, Antonio Liguori, Francesco Loparco, Leonarda Lorusso, Mario Nicola Mazziotta, Giuliana Panzarini, Roberta Pillera, Pierpaolo Savina and Aleksei Smirnov

Particles 2025, 8(4), 93; https://doi.org/10.3390/particles8040093 (registering DOI) - 28 Nov 2025

Abstract

NUSES is a pathfinder satellite that will be deployed in a low Earth orbit, designed with new technologies for space-based detectors. Ziré is one of the payloads of NUSES and aims to measure the spectra of electrons, protons, and light nuclei in a [...] Read more.

NUSES is a pathfinder satellite that will be deployed in a low Earth orbit, designed with new technologies for space-based detectors. Ziré is one of the payloads of NUSES and aims to measure the spectra of electrons, protons, and light nuclei in a kinetic energy range spanning from a few MeVs to several hundred MeVs, as well as photons in the energy range from 0.1 MeV to 30 MeV. Ziré consists of a Fiber TracKer (FTK), a Plastic Scintillator Tower (PST), a calorimeter (CALOg), an AntiCoincidence System (ACS) and a Low Energy Module (LEM). The FTK is based on thin scintillating fibers read out by Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) arrays. We assembled a prototype of Ziré (Zirettino) equipped with a single FTK layer, a reduced number of PST layers and a partially instrumented CALOg. A preliminary version of the Ziré custom Front-End Board (FEB) featuring the on-the-shelf ASIC CITIROC by OMEGA/Weeroc was used for the readout. We carried out several beam test campaigns at CERN’s PS facility and a dynamic qualification test. The performance of FTK will be presented and discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Space AstroParticle Physics: Frontier Technologies for Particle Measurements in Space, 2025 Edition)

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13 pages, 1033 KB

Open AccessArticle

Nutritional and Physicochemical Attributes of Sourdough Breads Fermented with a Novel Pediococcus acidilactici ORE 5 Strain

by Ioanna Mantzourani, Athanasios Alexopoulos, Gregoria Mitropoulou, Yiannis Kourkoutas and Stavros Plessas

Fermentation 2025, 11(12), 666; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation11120666 (registering DOI) - 28 Nov 2025

Abstract

This study evaluated the application of Pediococcus acidilactici ORE 5 (applied in free or immobilized form in a prebiotic matrix called “trahanas”) in sourdough bread production. Specific volumes of all the produced bread samples varied at approximately the same levels (2.50 to 2.54 [...] Read more.

This study evaluated the application of Pediococcus acidilactici ORE 5 (applied in free or immobilized form in a prebiotic matrix called “trahanas”) in sourdough bread production. Specific volumes of all the produced bread samples varied at approximately the same levels (2.50 to 2.54 mL/g), indicating a satisfactory dough expansion. In contrast, acidity differed significantly (p < 0.05). Sourdough bread produced with immobilized cells (IB) exhibited the lowest pH (4.30) and the highest titratable acidity (9.13 mL NaOH N/10), followed by the sourdough bread produced with free cells (FB) and the control bread (CB), reflecting the enhanced metabolic activity of immobilized cells supported by the prebiotic matrix. The organic acid analysis revealed higher levels of lactic (2.96 g/kg) and acetic acid (0.99 g/kg) in the IB sample, along with increased minor acids. The high organic acid content contributed to a delayed rope (14.7 days) and mold spoilage (7.3 days) compared to the CB sample, enhancing microbial stability. In addition, the nutritional properties of the produced sourdough breads containing P. acidilactici ORE 5 were improved significantly. The IB sample demonstrated the highest total phenolic content (85 mg GAE/100 g), followed by the FB sample (61 mg/100 g) and the CB sample (48 mg/100 g), while phytic acid levels were markedly reduced (93% in IB and 80% in FB). A sensory evaluation confirmed the maintained overall acceptability, with enhanced flavor scores for sourdough breads containing P. acidilactici ORE 5. These findings indicate that P. acidilactici ORE 5, particularly in immobilized form, could be an effective functional starter culture for sourdough bread, highlighting its potential for applications in functional bakery products. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Microbial Technologies in Fermentation: Innovations in Food, Environmental, and Health Bioprocesses)

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32 pages, 5141 KB

Open AccessArticle

Interactive Digital Twin Workflow for Energy Assessment of Buildings: Integration of Photogrammetry, BIM and Thermography

by Luis Santiago Rojas-Colmenares, Carlos Rizo-Maestre, Francisco Gómez-Donoso and Pascual Saura-Gómez

Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(23), 12599; https://doi.org/10.3390/app152312599 (registering DOI) - 28 Nov 2025

Abstract

This study presents a novel low-cost workflow integrating smartphone-based photogrammetry, Building Information Modeling (BIM), infrared thermography, and real-time interactive visualization to create digital twins for comprehensive energy assessment of existing buildings. Unlike conventional approaches requiring expensive laser scanning equipment and specialized software, this [...] Read more.

This study presents a novel low-cost workflow integrating smartphone-based photogrammetry, Building Information Modeling (BIM), infrared thermography, and real-time interactive visualization to create digital twins for comprehensive energy assessment of existing buildings. Unlike conventional approaches requiring expensive laser scanning equipment and specialized software, this methodology democratizes advanced building diagnostics through accessible technologies and academic licenses. The research aims to develop and validate a replicable workflow that enables architects, engineers, and educators to conduct detailed energy assessments without high-end equipment, while establishing technical criteria for accurate geometric reconstruction, thermal data integration, and interactive visualization. The workflow combines terrestrial photogrammetry using smartphone cameras for 3D reconstruction, BIM modeling in Autodesk Revit for semantic building representation, infrared thermography for thermal performance documentation, and Unreal Engine for immersive real-time visualization. The approach is validated through application to the historic control tower of the former Rabassa aerodrome at the University of Alicante, documenting data capture protocols, processing workflows, and integration criteria to ensure methodological replicability. Results demonstrate that functional digital twins can be generated using consumer-grade devices (high-end smartphones) and academically licensed software, achieving geometric accuracy sufficient for energy assessment purposes. The integrated platform enables systematic identification of thermal anomalies, heat loss patterns, and envelope deficiencies through intuitive three-dimensional interfaces, providing a robust foundation for evidence-based energy assessment and renovation planning. The validated workflow offers a viable, economical, and scalable solution for building energy analysis, particularly valuable in resource-constrained academic and professional contexts, advancing both scientific understanding of accessible digital twin methodologies and practical applications in building energy assessment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Building Information Modeling (BIM): Advanced Technology and Application)

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24 pages, 2525 KB

Open AccessArticle

Gait Analysis as a Measure of Physical Performance in Older Adults with Bilateral Knee Osteoarthritis

by Kamal Constantin Kamal, Adina Maria Kamal, Diana Kamal, Ovidiu Fugaru, Daniela Matei and Magdalena Rodica Trăistaru

Medicina 2025, 61(12), 2118; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61122118 (registering DOI) - 28 Nov 2025

Abstract

Background and Objectives. Bilateral knee osteoarthritis (KOA) in older patients compromises mobility and quality of life. Gait analysis provides objective, reproducible measures of physical performance. This study evaluated the integration of gait analysis for longitudinal monitoring and personalized rehabilitation, while ultrasound was performed [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives. Bilateral knee osteoarthritis (KOA) in older patients compromises mobility and quality of life. Gait analysis provides objective, reproducible measures of physical performance. This study evaluated the integration of gait analysis for longitudinal monitoring and personalized rehabilitation, while ultrasound was performed only at baseline for characterization and did not inform adjustments to the interventions. Materials and Methods. We conducted a 6-week, randomized, parallel-group clinical trial including 130 participants aged ≥65 years. Patients were randomized to a Study Group (SG, n = 64) receiving 10 sessions of a comprehensive rehabilitation program (conventional measures plus gait training) or a Control Group (CG, n = 66) receiving 10 sessions of conventional rehabilitation (electrotherapy with magnetodiaflux, TENS, therapeutic ultrasound, low-intensity laser, plus standard kinesitherapy). Interventions were delivered daily, 5 days/week, over 2 consecutive weeks. Gait outcomes (BTS G-WALK/G-SENSOR 2) included TUG, Symmetry Index, 6MWD, and cadence; functional outcomes included VAS pain, WOMAC, and Lequesne Index. Quadriceps morphology was assessed sonographically, and a height-normalized quadriceps thickness index (QHNI) was calculated. Results. Of 130 randomized, 112 completed (93.3%). Compared with control, the intervention produced significant, clinically meaningful improvements: 6MWD increased by approximately 59 m, cadence by ~9 steps/min; TUG improved by ~2.6 s; gait symmetry by ~4–5 points; VAS pain decreased by ~1.7 points; WOMAC total by ~8.5 points; and Lequesne Index by ~2 points (all p < 0.001). QHNI showed no significant association with anthropometrics and performance measures, indicating limited value as a linear predictor at baseline; nonlinear models or subgroup analyses may be warranted. Conclusions. Both neuromuscular-focused rehabilitation and the conventional program improved gait and clinical outcomes. Integrating gait analysis with ultrasound evaluation enables comprehensive monitoring and supports personalized interventions to reduce joint loading and optimize gait mechanics in older patients with bilateral KOA. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Pathogenesis, Rehabilitation, and Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis)

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11 pages, 1495 KB

Open AccessArticle

Personalized Acute Upper GI Bleeding Diagnostics for Patients at Highest Risk for Endoscopy: Real-World Experience of a Novel, Binary, Bedside Gastric Blood Detection Device

by Hadi Khaled Abou Zeid, Manik Aggarwal, Jad P. AbiMansour, Miranda Hamlin, Yara Salameh, Karl Akiki and Andrew C. Storm

J. Pers. Med. 2025, 15(12), 573; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm15120573 (registering DOI) - 28 Nov 2025

Abstract

Background: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a common medical emergency associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Many patients undergo early endoscopy despite the absence of active bleeding. PillSense is a novel Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-cleared ingestible capsule that rapidly detects [...] Read more.

Background: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a common medical emergency associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Many patients undergo early endoscopy despite the absence of active bleeding. PillSense is a novel Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-cleared ingestible capsule that rapidly detects the presence of blood in the upper GI tract and may optimize triage decisions. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study evaluating the impact of PillSense on the management of suspected UGIB in an academic center. The primary outcome was the association between capsule results and clinical decision-making, including endoscopy deferral, prioritization, outpatient scheduling, and airway protection. Secondary outcomes included transfusion requirements, time-to-endoscopy, endoscopic intervention, and 30-day adverse events. Results: A total of 28 patients (mean age 64.4 ± 17.9 years, 82.7% male) were included. Compared with negative results, positive results were associated with higher transfusion requirements (median 3 (IQR 3–6) vs. 2 (IQR 1–3.25) units; p = 0.041) and shorter time-to-endoscopy (median 0.2 (IQR 0.01–1) vs. 2 (IQR 1–15.5) days; p = 0.017). In high-risk for sedated endoscopy patients, negative results were associated with EGD deferral in 53.8%, with no subsequent adverse events within 30 days. Endoscopic intervention was performed in 62.5% of positive-result patients versus 9.5% of negative-result patients. Conclusions: The PillSense results were associated with differences in triage and management of high-risk patients with suspected UGIB. Its rapid, accurate, and non-invasive results may reduce unnecessary urgent endoscopy procedures, improve resource utilization, and enhance patient safety, particularly in the highest-risk populations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Updates on Personalized Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy)

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18 pages, 9918 KB

Open AccessArticle

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Post-Weld Heat Treatment on Residual Stress Relaxation in Orthotropic Steel Decks Welding

by Qinhe Li, Hao Chen, Zhe Hu, Ronghui Wang and Chunguang Dong

Buildings 2025, 15(23), 4319; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15234319 (registering DOI) - 28 Nov 2025

Abstract

Orthotropic steel decks (OSDs) serve as critical load-bearing components in long-span steel bridges, but high-amplitude welding residual stresses (WRSs) generated during the welding process pose significant threats to structural integrity. To mitigate these stresses, post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) has emerged as a promising [...] Read more.

Orthotropic steel decks (OSDs) serve as critical load-bearing components in long-span steel bridges, but high-amplitude welding residual stresses (WRSs) generated during the welding process pose significant threats to structural integrity. To mitigate these stresses, post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) has emerged as a promising technique. This investigation first establishes a semi-structural thermo-elasto-plastic finite element model of the Deck-U-rib-Diaphragm system with a six-pass welding sequence. The temperature field is modeled via a double-ellipsoidal heat source and birth–death element approach. Subsequently, thermo-mechanical coupling analysis is conducted to investigate the distribution characteristics of Von Mises residual stresses. The stress relief effect of PWHT is then explored by comparing different holding temperatures (T) and holding times (t), achieving a balance between stress reduction effectiveness and economic efficiency, when T = 550 °C and t = 40 min. Finally, full-scale experimental tests are designed, and the hole-drilling method is utilized to validate the numerical simulation results. This research provides valuable insights for the design of PWHT processes for OSDs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Analysis and Design for Steel Structure Stability)

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20 pages, 17111 KB

Open AccessArticle

Field Application and Numerical Simulation of Distributed Optical Fiber Temperature Monitoring for In-Service Embankment Dams

by Feng Li, Wenjing Lian, Tian Lan, Yuzhong Hu and Guiying Zhang

Coatings 2025, 15(12), 1392; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15121392 (registering DOI) - 28 Nov 2025

Abstract

The distribution of seepage field in embankment dams is an important aspect of the safe operation of in-service embankment dams. The distributed optical fiber temperature monitoring technology has some advantages of high sensitivity, strong real-time performance, and rich data. This is a problem [...] Read more.

The distribution of seepage field in embankment dams is an important aspect of the safe operation of in-service embankment dams. The distributed optical fiber temperature monitoring technology has some advantages of high sensitivity, strong real-time performance, and rich data. This is a problem worthy of study for the monitoring of seepage field in embankment dams. This paper takes a certain embankment dam as an example. It sets up some optical fiber temperature measurement sections near the traditional seepage monitoring section. It elaborately introduces the optical fiber layout, on-site construction, long-term monitoring, and simulation. The result shows that the position of the infiltration line can be measured by using heated distributed optical fibers; the error is within the range of 0.1 to 0.2 m. The monitoring results are basically consistent with the traditional seepage monitoring results, indicating that it is feasible to use distributed optical fiber temperature measurement technology for dam seepage monitoring. Long-term monitoring and numerical simulation have obtained the infiltration lines, velocity vectors, and streamlines at different water levels, verifying the reliability of the distributed optical fiber temperature monitoring technology. As summarized, the distributed optical fiber temperature measurement technology can accurately obtain the seepage information inside the dam body, providing a new idea for the analysis and safety assessment of the seepage field of embankment dams. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Cleaner Materials for Pavements)

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7 pages, 2194 KB

Open AccessCase Report

Creutzfeldt–Jakob Disease Mimicking Transient Brain Ischemia in a Patient with a Mitral Valve Prosthesis—A Case Report

by Goda Barauskienė, Medeinė Laurikaitytė, Daiva Emilija Rekienė, Saulius Sadauskas, Albinas Naudžiūnas and Edita Mašanauskienė

Reports 2025, 8(4), 250; https://doi.org/10.3390/reports8040250 (registering DOI) - 28 Nov 2025

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare and fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by prion protein misfolding. The disease poses significant diagnostic challenges, particularly when its initial symptoms mimic other conditions, such as transient ischemic attacks. Early recognition and differentiation from other [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare and fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by prion protein misfolding. The disease poses significant diagnostic challenges, particularly when its initial symptoms mimic other conditions, such as transient ischemic attacks. Early recognition and differentiation from other neurological conditions are critical, as misdiagnosis may lead to unnecessary interventions. This case highlights a unique presentation of CJD in a male Caucasian patient with a history of cardiac surgery and mitral valve prosthesis, emphasizing the role of multidisciplinary evaluation in complex neurological cases. Case Presentation: A male patient in his mid-sixties with a history of mitral valve mechanical prosthesis and prior infective endocarditis presented with progressive cognitive decline, memory impairment, and episodes of confusion. Initial cardiovascular investigations suggested mitral valve prosthesis thrombosis, while neurological assessment pointed toward transient brain ischemia. However, brain imaging remained inconclusive. Given the rapid deterioration of cognitive and motor functions, further diagnostic workup was performed. MRI findings revealed cortical diffusion restrictions consistent with probable CJD. Despite symptomatic management, the patient’s condition worsened, leading to akinetic mutism and death within eight days of diagnosis. Conclusions: This case underscores the diagnostic complexity of CJD, particularly when initial symptoms overlap with transient ischemic events. It highlights the importance of comprehensive neuroimaging and an interdisciplinary approach in recognizing atypical neurodegenerative diseases to improve diagnostic accuracy and patient management. Full article

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17 pages, 6956 KB

Open AccessArticle

Fabrication of Stretchable Piezoelectric Sensor with a Kirigami Design for Heart Sound Monitoring

by Xudong Zhang, Xudong Ye, Xi Lei, Hong Hu, Hai Liu, Shaobo Jin, Guoyong Ye and Tingting Zhao

Sensors 2025, 25(23), 7253; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25237253 (registering DOI) - 28 Nov 2025

Abstract

Heart sounds contain critical information about valve activity and hemodynamics, serving as an essential basis for cardiovascular disease diagnosis. However, traditional heart sound sensors are either rigid or flexible but non-stretchable, limiting their ability to accommodate chest deformation and leading to signal distortion. [...] Read more.

Heart sounds contain critical information about valve activity and hemodynamics, serving as an essential basis for cardiovascular disease diagnosis. However, traditional heart sound sensors are either rigid or flexible but non-stretchable, limiting their ability to accommodate chest deformation and leading to signal distortion. This study proposes an easy-to-fabricate, stretchable piezoelectric heart sound sensor with a Kirigami-inspired design, a five-layer “sandwich” structure. Periodic Kirigami cuts significantly enhance stretchability while maintaining piezoelectric conversion efficiency. Finite element simulations reveal the Kirigami structure is more sensitive to hinge length and thickness than to hinge width. Electrical tests demonstrate a linear response to sound pressure, with output voltage rising from 0.11 V to 0.42 V (70–94 dB), and voltage amplitude increasing from 9 mV to 0.35 V (60–160 Hz). The sensor exhibits excellent stability, with a maximum amplitude variation of approximately 11% under 0–30% strain, a 17% voltage decrease at 11 mm bending radius, and less than 9% output fluctuation during 1200 s continuous excitation. Seven-day monitoring confirms reliable detection of the first (S1) and second (S2) heart sounds, with signals highly consistent with ECG and a commercial sensor, verifying its potential for wearable long-term monitoring and early cardiovascular disease screening. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Flexible and Wearable Sensors: Design, Fabrication Methods, and Applications)

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19 pages, 3635 KB

Open AccessArticle

Bletilla Striata Polysaccharide Alleviates Neutropenia by Promoting C/EBPε-Dependent Hematopoietic Reconstitution

by Yaru Cui, Yingying Luo, Cheng Zhang, Dan Shan, Yulin Feng, Shilin Yang, Lanying Chen and Jun Yu

Cells 2025, 14(23), 1888; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14231888 (registering DOI) - 28 Nov 2025

Abstract

Neutropenia is a common complication in oncology patients receiving chemotherapy, and rapid regeneration of functional neutrophils is critical for effective management. Bletilla striata polysaccharide (BSP) has shown therapeutic potential, but its mechanisms and molecular targets remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that BSP accelerates [...] Read more.

Neutropenia is a common complication in oncology patients receiving chemotherapy, and rapid regeneration of functional neutrophils is critical for effective management. Bletilla striata polysaccharide (BSP) has shown therapeutic potential, but its mechanisms and molecular targets remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that BSP accelerates the recovery of white blood cells, particularly neutrophils, in a chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CIN) mouse model with cyclophosphamide (CY). The regenerated neutrophils retained phagocytic activity against bacteria, and BSP treatment significantly reduced mortality in the endotoxin-induced mouse death model. Furthermore, BSP enhanced the repopulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in the bone marrow and promoted cell-cycle entry, resulting in increased frequencies of long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs), multipotent progenitors 2 (MPP2), and MPP3/4 subsets. Both in vitro colony formation and in vivo competitive transplantation assays confirmed that BSP reshapes hematopoietic reconstitution and corrects aberrant myeloid differentiation. PCR array analysis of HSPCs indicated that this process is mediated by C/EBPε and its downstream genes (LTF, LCN2, and ELANE). Consistently, BSP failed to support myeloid reconstitution following C/EBPε knockdown in vitro. In a C/EBPε knockout mouse model, HSPCs repopulation and regeneration were impaired, and BSP failed to promote neutrophil recovery after CY challenge or the mobilization of MPP2 and MPP3/4 subsets. The regulatory effects of BSP on C/EBPε target genes were also abolished. In conclusion, our findings identify C/EBPε as a key mediator of BSP activity, driving HSPCs repopulation and restoring hematopoietic function. These results highlight BSP as a potential therapeutic strategy for chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunoregulatory Functions of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs))

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15 pages, 3154 KB

Open AccessArticle

Characterization of Eco-Friendly Fabricated and Induction-Sintered Hydroxyapatite-Based Hybrid Composites

by Esra Nur Usta, Nermin Demirkol, Bilgehan Cem Turan, Mevlüt Gürbüz, Gültekin Göller, Katia Barbaro, Daniele Sagrafoli, Marco Fosca and Julietta V. Rau

Materials 2025, 18(23), 5359; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18235359 (registering DOI) - 28 Nov 2025

Abstract

In this study, eco-friendly sheep hydroxyapatite (KHO) powder was produced from sheep femur bone waste. Hybrid composite powders were prepared by adding varying amounts of MgO and MgO–graphene to the produced sheep hydroxyapatite powders and sintering them at 1200 °C for 5 min [...] Read more.

In this study, eco-friendly sheep hydroxyapatite (KHO) powder was produced from sheep femur bone waste. Hybrid composite powders were prepared by adding varying amounts of MgO and MgO–graphene to the produced sheep hydroxyapatite powders and sintering them at 1200 °C for 5 min using induction sintering. The physical, mechanical, microstructural, in vitro bioactivity, cell culture, and antibacterial properties were studied. According to the results of the study, the density and compressive strength values of the samples containing 1 wt.% MgO and 1 wt.% MgO–0.1 graphene (KHM1 and KHM1GRF0.1), which had the best density and compressive strength values, were determined to be 2.771 g/cm³–28.42 MPa and 2.636 g/cm³–26.25 MPa, respectively. According to the in vitro bioactivity test in simulated body fluid, these composites exhibited bioactivity, with a dense hydroxy carbona apatite layer forming. Moreover, according to the cell culture and antibacterial test results, it was determined that sheep-derived hydroxyapatite, resulting from induction sintering with MgO and graphene, exhibited excellent biocompatibility, enhanced osteogenic potential, and moderate antimicrobial activity. In summary, these sheep hydroxyapatite hybrid composites exhibited higher mechanical strength and excellent integrated biological performance, confirming their substantial potential as advanced biomaterials for bone regeneration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Implant Materials and Biocompatibility)

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19 pages, 2104 KB

Open AccessArticle

DecPD: A Deconstructed Deep Learning Approach for Partial Discharge Pattern Recognition

by Yucheng Wu, Hao Yang, Shengwei Li and Fanghong Guo

Energies 2025, 18(23), 6245; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18236245 (registering DOI) - 28 Nov 2025

Abstract

Recently, partial discharge pattern recognition (PDPR) for transmission cables has garnered increasing attention due to the severe power outages, equipment damage, and even major safety incidents resulting from the failure of partial discharge (PD) detection. However, existing PD data samples usually suffer from [...] Read more.

Recently, partial discharge pattern recognition (PDPR) for transmission cables has garnered increasing attention due to the severe power outages, equipment damage, and even major safety incidents resulting from the failure of partial discharge (PD) detection. However, existing PD data samples usually suffer from highly similar features and unbalanced distribution. Determining how to precisely realize the PDPR has become a challenge. In this study, an effective PDPR approach is proposed based on a newly designed deconstructed PD (DecPD) model and a customized loss function for PDPR. Notably, the refined deep learning network captures the discriminative features in both temporal and spatial dimensions through a dual-channel learning architecture. Additionally, an adaptive focal loss function is designed, which introduces a peak factor to establish focusing parameters for PDPR, thereby addressing the class imbalance issues. A comprehensive experimental evaluation using real datasets generated on a physical platform is conducted to verify our proposed method. Compared to other existing methods, our DecPD approach demonstrates superior performance, achieving an overall accuracy of 96.65% in the presence of environment noise. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Artificial Intelligence in Electrical Power Systems)

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12 pages, 542 KB

Open AccessArticle

Anemia as a Part of the Triple Burden Among Children Under-Five with Stunting and Tuberculosis in Bandung, Indonesia

by Susi Susanah, Delita Prihatni, Rini Rossanti, Safira Satyani Lutfia, Fadhila Novianti, Fedri Ruluwedrata Rinawan, Diah Asri Wulandari, Muhammad Akbar Tirtosudiro, Citra Cesilia, Sri Sudarwati, Cissy Rachiana Sudjana Prawira and Heda Melinda Nataprawira

Children 2025, 12(12), 1620; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12121620 (registering DOI) - 28 Nov 2025

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Children with stunting are at risk of immune function disruption and micronutrient deficiencies, leading to nutritional anemia and susceptibility to infection. This study determined the prevalence and etiology of anemia in children under five with stunting and tuberculosis (TB) and analyzed [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Children with stunting are at risk of immune function disruption and micronutrient deficiencies, leading to nutritional anemia and susceptibility to infection. This study determined the prevalence and etiology of anemia in children under five with stunting and tuberculosis (TB) and analyzed the associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among children under five with stunting from 30 May to 13 June 2022. Participants were selected via the proportionate stratified random sampling of 74 community health centers in Bandung City, Indonesia. An anthropometric measurement was performed to determine stunting and conduct TB diagnosis, and hematology tests were performed to elaborate the anemia profiles. Results: In total, 138 participants were included, among which 80 (58.0%) had TB and 57 (41.3%) had anemia, mostly caused by iron deficiency anemia (IDA)—38/57 (66.7%). The coexistence of anemia in children with stunting and TB was present in 33 (23.9%) and it was associated with nutritional status (weight-for-length), p = 0.026. Conclusions: Anemia, as a part of the triple burden among children under five with stunting and TB was highly prevalent, mostly due to IDA; in this study, only nutritional status was associated with the triple burden. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Childhood Hematologic and Oncologic Diseases: Emerging Insights and Next-Generation Solutions)

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7 pages, 827 KB

Open AccessCase Report

Bilateral Sterile Intraocular Inflammation Following Intravitreal Aflibercept 8 mg Injections: A Case Report

by Ram Cohen, Tomer Kerman and Omer Trivizki

Reports 2025, 8(4), 249; https://doi.org/10.3390/reports8040249 (registering DOI) - 28 Nov 2025

Abstract

Purpose: To report a case of bilateral sterile intraocular inflammation following intravitreal aflibercept 8 mg (Eylea HD) injections. Observation: An 89-year-old woman with bilateral neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) developed blurred vision and mild ocular pain in both eyes four days after receiving [...] Read more.

Purpose: To report a case of bilateral sterile intraocular inflammation following intravitreal aflibercept 8 mg (Eylea HD) injections. Observation: An 89-year-old woman with bilateral neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) developed blurred vision and mild ocular pain in both eyes four days after receiving aflibercept 8 mg injections in both of her eyes. Examination revealed a marked anterior chamber reaction with Descemet’s folds, 2+ vitreous cells, and 3+ vitreous haze bilaterally. Intraocular pressures were normal, and B-scan ultrasonography confirmed attached retinas with bilateral vitreous opacities. The clinical presentation initially raised concern for infectious endophthalmitis; however, the bilateral presentation, quiet conjunctivae, and prior history of sterile inflammation after aflibercept 2 mg supported a diagnosis of sterile intraocular inflammation. The patient was hospitalized and treated with intensive topical corticosteroids, antibiotics, and cycloplegics, resulting in rapid improvement and complete resolution of symptoms within four days with recovery of baseline vision. Conclusions: Intravitreal aflibercept 8 mg can be associated with bilateral sterile intraocular inflammation, even in patients who previously tolerated standard-dose aflibercept. Awareness of this potential adverse event is essential to avoid unnecessary interventions and to guide appropriate management. Full article

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22 pages, 1949 KB

Open AccessArticle

Radiomics Analysis of QUS Spectral Parametric Images for Predicting the Risk of Breast Cancer Recurrence

by Laurentius Oscar Osapoetra, Graham Dinniwell, Maria Lourdes Anzola Pena, David Alberico, Lakshmanan Sannachi and Gregory J. Czarnota

Cancers 2025, 17(23), 3810; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17233810 (registering DOI) - 28 Nov 2025

Abstract

Background/Objectives: To evaluate the ability of radiomics analysis of QUS spectral parametric imaging to non-invasively differentiate intermediate-to-high-risk from low-risk Oncotype DX^TM Recurrence Score (ODXRS). Methods: This prospective study included 31 participants (21 intermediate-to-high-risk ODXRS (median age, 56 years [IQR: 49–68 years]) and [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: To evaluate the ability of radiomics analysis of QUS spectral parametric imaging to non-invasively differentiate intermediate-to-high-risk from low-risk Oncotype DX^TM Recurrence Score (ODXRS). Methods: This prospective study included 31 participants (21 intermediate-to-high-risk ODXRS (median age, 56 years [IQR: 49–68 years]) and 10 low-risk ODXRS (median age, 52 years [IQR: 48–58 years])) presenting with ER+ HER2− invasive breast masses acquired between September 2015 and August 2024. Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) spectroscopy produced five spectral maps, from which radiomics features (including statistical, texture, and morphological measures) were extracted from the tumor core and a 5 mm margin. The ground truth label was determined from thresholding the ODXRS. A multivariate predictive model was developed to differentiate intermediate-to-high-risk ODXRS from low-risk ODXRS, with performance assessed via nested leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV). Results: A nested leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) analysis demonstrated the generalization performance of a four-feature model. The support vector machine (SVM-RBF) classifier achieved 86% recall, 100% specificity, 93% balanced accuracy, and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.95 (CI = 0.88–1.00) in identifying intermediate-to-high-risk versus low-risk ODXRS. Conclusions: The preliminary results suggest the potential radiomics-based model of ODXRS in predicting the risks of recurrence. The results warrant further investigation on a larger cohort. This framework can be a useful surrogate for participants for whom ODX testing is neither affordable nor available. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Radiology for the Detection, Diagnosis, and Management of Breast Cancer)

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9 pages, 1445 KB

Open AccessCommunication

A Wide Dynamic Range Current Sensor Based on Torque-Mode Magnetoelectric Coupling Effect

by Fuchao Li, Zihuan Huang, Yuan Meng, Yifei Zhou, Jiefu Zhang, Sujie Liu, Qiang Shi, Ziyang Ye and Lin Huang

Sensors 2025, 25(23), 7236; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25237236 (registering DOI) - 28 Nov 2025

Abstract

The load current of the new power system has significant characteristics on a wide dynamic range, which poses challenges to current sensing technologies. This paper proposes a magnetic-sensitive element based on NdFeB/Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) magnetoelectric composite materials, and further develops a magnetoelectric [...] Read more.

The load current of the new power system has significant characteristics on a wide dynamic range, which poses challenges to current sensing technologies. This paper proposes a magnetic-sensitive element based on NdFeB/Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) magnetoelectric composite materials, and further develops a magnetoelectric coupling current sensor. The sensor operates in torque mode, enabling the detection of both wide dynamic range alternating currents and weak alternating currents. Experimental studies show that the sensor achieved a power-frequency current detection sensitivity of 15.56 mV/A, a linear range of (0–120) A, and a detection limit of 153 μA. The results indicate that the sensor exhibits high sensitivity in alternating current (AC) current detection, and at power frequency, possesses both a wide dynamic range and the capability to detect weak currents. Therefore, it shows great application potential in scenarios such as wide dynamic range AC current measurement and weak current detection in power systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Physical Sensors)

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26 pages, 266 KB

Open AccessReview

Research Advances in the Design and Control Technologies of Electric Spindle Motors for CNC Machine Tools

by Jinhua Liang, Haiping Xu, Fei Chen, Wei Liu and Peng Zhou

Energies 2025, 18(23), 6243; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18236243 (registering DOI) - 28 Nov 2025

Abstract

The electric spindle serves as a critical component in enabling a highly dynamic response, stable torque output, and precise motion control for the main cutting operations of CNC machine tools. The design precision and control performance of its drive motor directly influence the [...] Read more.

The electric spindle serves as a critical component in enabling a highly dynamic response, stable torque output, and precise motion control for the main cutting operations of CNC machine tools. The design precision and control performance of its drive motor directly influence the geometric accuracy, surface quality, and overall machining efficiency of the workpiece, thereby determining the comprehensive performance of advanced CNC systems. This paper begins with a systematic review of the global industrial layout of CNC machine tool and electric spindle manufacturers, highlighting regional clustering patterns and technological development trends across key manufacturing regions. Subsequently, it classifies and elaborates on the differentiated technical requirements for the electric spindle motor in terms of wide-speed-range servo capability, high-efficiency operation, adaptability to high-speed and high-power cutting loads, and precision maintenance under high-speed conditions, based on the process characteristics of different types of CNC machine tools. A comprehensive overview of the current state of research is provided with respect to electric spindle motor design and control technologies. Finally, forward-looking perspectives are presented on future development directions, particularly in the areas of multi-physics coupling co-design and the integration of intelligent control algorithms, aiming to offer a solid theoretical foundation and strategic guidance for the advancement and engineering application of high-performance electric spindles. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Permanent Magnet Motor and Motor Control)

24 pages, 1421 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Subterranean Memory and the Criticism of Capitalism of the Diocese of Nova Iguaçu in the Newspaper “A Folha” (1972–1981)

by Fábio Py, Pedro Henrique Reis and Clínio Amaral

Religions 2025, 16(12), 1505; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16121505 (registering DOI) - 28 Nov 2025

Abstract

This article analyses underground memory and the critique of capitalism in the newspaper A Folha (1972–1981), which was associated with the diocese of Nova Iguaçu under the leadership of Dom Adriano Hypólito. In the midst of the authoritarian context of the military dictatorship [...] Read more.

This article analyses underground memory and the critique of capitalism in the newspaper A Folha (1972–1981), which was associated with the diocese of Nova Iguaçu under the leadership of Dom Adriano Hypólito. In the midst of the authoritarian context of the military dictatorship and the social vulnerability of the Baixada Fluminense, the newspaper went beyond its liturgical function and took on a counter-hegemonic role by articulating a religious discourse that criticised the prevailing social and economic structures. By analysing selected sources from the journal and Michael Pollak’s theory of social memory, we examine how the newspaper constructed a counter-memory that challenged hegemonic narratives by mobilising critiques of capitalism. We also seek to understand how the diocese, guided by the principles of Liberation Christianity as articulated by Michael Löwy—as a movement emerging through grassroots pastoral practise—adopted a political stance aimed at overcoming inequality and defending human dignity. Full article

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19 pages, 1587 KB

Open AccessArticle

Learning About Sustainability with Play IT Cool: Insights from Two Pilot Studies

by Sara Torre, Jessica Napolitano, Giuseppe Ritella and Maria Beatrice Ligorio

Sustainability 2025, 17(23), 10662; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172310662 (registering DOI) - 28 Nov 2025

Abstract

Digital Game-Based Learning (DGBL) promises to support learning processes and behavioral change, which are fundamental to sparking change towards sustainable behaviors. The present study aimed to examine how a gamified educational activity—Play IT Cool—affects students’ emotions, motivation, and enjoyment. This novel [...] Read more.

Digital Game-Based Learning (DGBL) promises to support learning processes and behavioral change, which are fundamental to sparking change towards sustainable behaviors. The present study aimed to examine how a gamified educational activity—Play IT Cool—affects students’ emotions, motivation, and enjoyment. This novel tool, developed by integrating self-determination theory and the Mechanics, Dynamics, Aesthetics (MDA) model of game design, harnesses the power of storytelling and interactivity to engage learners regarding climate change issues and sustainable behaviors. The aim was to assess how students’ experiences with Play IT Cool differ from those with a comparable non-gamified sustainability program, and two studies were conducted. The first study involved 28 university students (5 males) divided into two conditions: gamified and non-gamified. The second study involved 37 participants (8 males) divided into four experimental conditions: individual gameplay, group gameplay, individual non-gamified learning, and group non-gamified learning. Self-reporting pre- and post-surveys were administered in both studies to evaluate the impact on learners. The results showed that Play IT Cool had an impact on enjoyment, emotions, and needs satisfaction, although it was not substantially different from that under the non-gamified condition. These findings suggest that while the use of game elements alone may not enhance outcomes compared to non-gamified tools, the activities promote positive emotional and motivational experiences. Furthermore, working in a group provides additional benefits for relatedness. In conclusion, some observations are drawn about the significant and non-significant results as well. Full article

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16 pages, 277 KB

Open AccessArticle

Identities Involving the Higher-Order Degenerate Type 2 ω-Daehee Polynomials

by Pengfei Zhang, Yonglin Yang and Huihui Wang

Symmetry 2025, 17(12), 2034; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17122034 (registering DOI) - 28 Nov 2025

Abstract

In this paper, based on previous study of type 2

ω

-Daehee polynomials and some of their properties, we further introduce the generating function definition for the higher-order degenerate type 2

ω

-Daehee polynomials. By employing the methods of generating functions and Riordan [...] Read more.

In this paper, based on previous study of type 2

ω

-Daehee polynomials and some of their properties, we further introduce the generating function definition for the higher-order degenerate type 2

ω

-Daehee polynomials. By employing the methods of generating functions and Riordan arrays, we investigate the properties of these higher-order degenerate polynomials in depth and establish identities that relate them to certain special combinatorial sequences. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Mathematics)

12 pages, 653 KB

Open AccessReview

Flourishing as a Pathway to Well-Being in Obesity Care

by Brunna Boaventura, Harold G. Koenig and Fatima Cody Stanford

J. Pers. Med. 2025, 15(12), 572; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm15120572 (registering DOI) - 28 Nov 2025

Abstract

Obesity has increased in prevalence worldwide and is now recognized by the World Health Organization as a global epidemic. Conventional treatments remain predominantly weight-loss-oriented, and although weight is a relevant and necessary clinical indicator, relying on it alone fails to capture the full [...] Read more.

Obesity has increased in prevalence worldwide and is now recognized by the World Health Organization as a global epidemic. Conventional treatments remain predominantly weight-loss-oriented, and although weight is a relevant and necessary clinical indicator, relying on it alone fails to capture the full complexity of health and well-being for people living with obesity. This review proposes a comprehensive conceptual framework grounded in flourishing, advocating for a more holistic and person-centered approach to obesity care. Flourishing encompasses six key domains: life satisfaction and happiness, mental and physical health, meaning and purpose, character and virtue, close social relationships, and financial and material stability. Integrating these domains alongside traditional clinical outcomes allows obesity care to move beyond a narrow weight focus, incorporating strategies that also foster resilience, social connectedness, and purpose. This approach aligns with personalized medicine, supporting interdisciplinary and individualized care. Considering persistent weight stigma and discrimination, embracing a whole-person perspective is not optional but rather essential. By placing the individual, not only the disease or the body, at the center of care, a flourishing perspective complements biomedical indicators and offers a more compassionate and sustainable model of obesity management. However, progress will depend on the openness of healthcare, education, research, and policy stakeholders to adopt new approaches that align care with what truly constitutes well-being for people living with obesity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Personalized Medicine of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders)

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23 pages, 11413 KB

Open AccessArticle

On the Effect of Multi-Pass Friction Stir Processing on Microstructure-Tensile Deformation Behavior Relationships in Cast Al-7%Si-0.4%Mg Specimens

by Murat Tiryakioğlu, Nelson Netto and Paul D. Eason

Metals 2025, 15(12), 1309; https://doi.org/10.3390/met15121309 (registering DOI) - 28 Nov 2025

Abstract

Specimens from commercial and continuously cast A356 ingots have been friction stir-processed, and tensile deformation has been characterized. These two types of ingots have been found to be damaged in the liquid state, but at different levels. In both cases, the microstructure has [...] Read more.

Specimens from commercial and continuously cast A356 ingots have been friction stir-processed, and tensile deformation has been characterized. These two types of ingots have been found to be damaged in the liquid state, but at different levels. In both cases, the microstructure has been refined and homogenized. FSP has been found to improve structural quality by breaking up bifilms. For the commercial ingot, each FSP pass has progressively improved structural quality, as evidenced by an 18 times increase in elongation (from 1.0 to 18.8% after three passes), whereas in the continuously cast ingot, it has taken only one pass for FSP to improve structural quality by doubling elongation (from 10.9 to 21.1%) after which additional passes have not resulted in further improvement. Analysis of tensile deformation behavior has shown that all FSPed specimens exhibit a distinct Stage III work hardening, as modeled by Kocks and Mecking. Through the analysis of tensile deformation behavior, it has been hypothesized that improvement in elongation and structural quality with FSP may not be solely attributed to the refinement of Si particles. Full article

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14 pages, 2369 KB

Open AccessArticle

Personalized Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Cerebral Venous Hemodynamics in a Case of Deep Cerebral Vein Thrombosis

by Adisu Mengesha Assefa, Lina Palaiodimou, George Bourantas and Antonis Sakellarios

J. Pers. Med. 2025, 15(12), 570; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm15120570 (registering DOI) - 28 Nov 2025

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Deep cerebral vein thrombosis (DCVT) is a rare cerebrovascular condition that can result in absence of major venous sinuses. This study uses patient-specific computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to quantify hemodynamic changes in acquired DCVT, focusing on venous outflow redistribution, pressure, and [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Deep cerebral vein thrombosis (DCVT) is a rare cerebrovascular condition that can result in absence of major venous sinuses. This study uses patient-specific computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to quantify hemodynamic changes in acquired DCVT, focusing on venous outflow redistribution, pressure, and wall shear stress (WSS). Methods: Three-dimensional models of cerebral venous sinuses were reconstructed from magnetic resonance venography (MRV) for a DCVT patient and normal control. Steady-state CFD simulations used physiological inflows with laminar flow assumptions. Sensitivity analyses tested hyperemic conditions and blood rheology effects. Results: In normal anatomy, flow split 70% through superior sagittal sinus and 30% through straight sinus. In DCVT, all flow was rerouted through the superior sagittal sinus. Surprisingly, pressure drop was lower in DCVT (0.67 mmHg vs. 1.3 mmHg in normal). WSS increased moderately in the DCVT superior sagittal sinus (~2.5 Pa peak) but remained within physiological ranges. Under hyperemic conditions, pressures and WSS stayed below pathological thresholds. Conclusions: DCVT redirects venous outflow without pathological pressure or WSS elevations, demonstrating remarkable venous system resilience through collateral compensation. This patient-specific CFD framework enables individualized hemodynamic assessment, contributing to personalized medicine approaches for rare cerebrovascular conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiology and Vascular Health: Pathophysiology, Therapeutics and Epidemiology)

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18 pages, 2833 KB

Open AccessReview

Management of Acute Infrainguinal Graft Occlusion: Surgical and Endovascular Approaches in Contemporary Practice

by Edoardo Pasqui, Leonardo Pasquetti, Greta Ferraro, Bruno Gargiulo, Cecilia Molino, Elisa Lazzeri, Giuseppe Galzerano and Gianmarco de Donato

J. Pers. Med. 2025, 15(12), 568; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm15120568 (registering DOI) - 28 Nov 2025

Abstract

Background: Acute infrainguinal bypass graft occlusion is a critical vascular emergency that threatens limb viability and challenges both surgical and endovascular management. Despite progress in revascularization strategies, outcomes remain suboptimal, and consensus on the optimal treatment approach is lacking. Methods: This [...] Read more.

Background: Acute infrainguinal bypass graft occlusion is a critical vascular emergency that threatens limb viability and challenges both surgical and endovascular management. Despite progress in revascularization strategies, outcomes remain suboptimal, and consensus on the optimal treatment approach is lacking. Methods: This narrative review summarizes current evidence on the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of acute infrainguinal graft occlusion. Particular attention is given to the evolving role of catheter-directed thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy, as well as to prevention strategies based on structured surveillance and medical optimization. Results: Infrainguinal bypass failure is influenced by technical, anatomical, and systemic factors, with distinct mechanisms affecting vein and prosthetic grafts. While surgical thrombectomy remains a viable option in selected cases, endovascular techniques have gained prominence due to their minimally invasive nature and promising short-term outcomes. Prevention of occlusion through duplex surveillance and best medical therapy is crucial to preserving graft patency and reducing major amputation risk. Conclusions: Management of acute graft occlusion requires timely diagnosis and a tailored, multidisciplinary approach. Although endovascular therapies have expanded treatment options, further prospective studies are needed to define optimal strategies and improve long-term outcomes in this high-risk population. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Complications in Vascular Surgery: Current Updates and Perspectives)

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30 pages, 7547 KB

Open AccessReview

Artificial Intelligence Applications in Interventional Radiology

by Carolina Lanza, Salvatore Alessio Angileri, Serena Carriero, Sonia Triggiani, Velio Ascenti, Simone Raul Mortellaro, Marco Ginolfi, Alessia Leo, Francesca Arnone, Pierluca Torcia, Pierpaolo Biondetti, Anna Maria Ierardi and Gianpaolo Carrafiello

J. Pers. Med. 2025, 15(12), 569; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm15120569 (registering DOI) - 28 Nov 2025

Abstract

This review is a brief overview of the current status and the potential role of artificial intelligence (AI) in interventional radiology (IR). The literature published in the last decades was reviewed and the technical developments in terms of radiomics, virtual reality, robotics, fusion [...] Read more.

This review is a brief overview of the current status and the potential role of artificial intelligence (AI) in interventional radiology (IR). The literature published in the last decades was reviewed and the technical developments in terms of radiomics, virtual reality, robotics, fusion imaging, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and Imaging Guidance Software were analyzed. The evidence shows that AI significatively improves pre-procedural planning, intra-procedural navigation, and post-procedural assessment. Radiomics extracts features from optical images of personalized treatment strategies. Virtual reality offers innovative tools especially for training and procedural simulation. Robotic systems, combined with AI, could enhance precision and reproducibility of IR procedures while reducing operator exposure to X-ray. Fusion imaging and CBCT, augmented by AI software, improve real-time guidance and procedural outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Innovations and Artificial Intelligence in Interventional Radiology: A Step Towards Personalized Medicine)

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22 pages, 330 KB

Open AccessArticle

Early vs. Late Unplanned Returns to the Operating Room (URTOR) in Neurosurgery: Effect of Surgeon Experience and Complication Types

by Mahmut Çamlar, Umut Tan Sevgi, Mustafa Eren Yuncu, Caglar Turk, Merve Oren, Berra Bilgin, Cafer Ak and Füsun Demirçivi Özer

Medicina 2025, 61(12), 2117; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61122117 (registering DOI) - 28 Nov 2025

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Unplanned return to the operating room (URTOR) is a sensitive indicator of surgical quality; however, data in neurosurgery are limited. This retrospective study analyzed patients who underwent URTOR following neurosurgical procedures over an eight-year period to define early and [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Unplanned return to the operating room (URTOR) is a sensitive indicator of surgical quality; however, data in neurosurgery are limited. This retrospective study analyzed patients who underwent URTOR following neurosurgical procedures over an eight-year period to define early and late patterns, identify underlying causes, and evaluate the distribution of cases according to surgeon experience. Materials and Methods: Records of 18,258 consecutive surgeries including both elective and emergency procedures in adult and pediatric patients, performed at a single center between 2010 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Unplanned reoperations within 30 days of the index surgery were defined as URTOR; those occurring within ≤7 days were classified as “early,” and those occurring between 8 and 30 days were classified as “late.” Demographic data, surgical characteristics, causes of URTOR, and surgeons’ seniority were examined. Results: Among 18,258 neurosurgical procedures, 324 URTORs (1.8%) were identified. The median patient age was 38 years; 37% were children. Early URTOR comprised 59% and was primarily associated with hemorrhagic–vascular complications, whereas late URTOR accounted for 41% and was dominated by cerebrospinal fluid-related and infectious complications. Late events prevailed in significantly younger cases and were disproportionately followed by ventriculo–peritoneal shunt or endoscopic third ventriculostomy index operations. Junior surgeons performed 74% of later operations requiring URTOR versus 30% of early failures. Sex, weekday/weekend timing, and surgeons’ experience did not affect the overall URTOR classification categories. The median interval was six days. Conclusions: Centers worldwide have begun to examine URTOR rates, which are directly associated with hospital quality measurements. These results may inform targeted education and prevention by identifying patient groups at higher reoperation risk within a specific timeframe. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Neurology)

14 pages, 2122 KB

Open AccessArticle

Bronchial Physiological Saline Injection to Visualize Peripheral Pulmonary Lesions in Ultrathin Bronchoscopy

by Mika Nakao, Tamio Okimoto, Noriaki Kurimoto, Ryosuke Tanino, Misato Kobayashi, Kazuhisa Nakashima, Takamasa Hotta, Yukari Tsubata and Takeshi Isobe

Diagnostics 2025, 15(23), 3029; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15233029 (registering DOI) - 28 Nov 2025

Abstract

Background: During bronchial lavage, the lumen can be viewed better by injecting physiological saline into the bronchus. This study aimed to investigate the effect of injecting physiological saline into the bronchus while directly observing the bronchial lumen with peripheral pulmonary lesions using an [...] Read more.

Background: During bronchial lavage, the lumen can be viewed better by injecting physiological saline into the bronchus. This study aimed to investigate the effect of injecting physiological saline into the bronchus while directly observing the bronchial lumen with peripheral pulmonary lesions using an ultrathin bronchoscope. Methods: We evaluated changes in the depth of field and signal-to-noise ratio due to saline immersion in bronchoscopic images captured with line patterns. We injected physiological saline through the working channel into the bronchial lumen and directly observed the lesions (mainly in cases of suspected peripheral lung cancer) in 38 patients using white-light and narrow-band imaging. Ultrathin bronchoscopic findings and histopathological diagnoses were analyzed. Results: Saline immersion extended the range of subject distance within the depth of the field with an improved signal-to-noise ratio. Saline immersion elevated the signal-to-noise ratio and increased the highest signal-to-noise ratio in the white-light images from 3.12 dB to 3.77 dB (1.21-fold). Under narrow-band imaging, saline immersion also increased the highest signal-to-noise ratio from 5.18 dB to 6.44 dB (1.24-fold). We were able to directly observe the bronchial lumen of the peripheral lesions in 30/38 cases (78.9%). Three (60%) of the five squamous cell carcinomas were of the epithelial type, and 12 (92%) of the 13 adenocarcinomas, including peripheral pulmonary lesions, were of the subepithelial type, similar to central lesions. Conclusions: Injecting saline into the peripheral bronchus is useful for direct bronchoscopic evaluation of peripheral lesions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Medical Imaging and Theranostics)

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