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18 pages, 17187 KB

Open AccessReview

Ecological and Economic Synergies of Acacia melanoxylon and Eucalyptus Mixed Plantations: A Combined Bibliometric and Narrative Review

by Haoyu Gui, Xiaojie Sun, Hong Wei and Lichao Wu

Forests 2026, 17(1), 65; https://doi.org/10.3390/f17010065 (registering DOI) - 31 Dec 2025

Abstract

Acacia melanoxylon R.Br. demonstrates strong biological nitrogen–fixation capacity and favourable economic returns, making it a promising candidate for the development of subtropical forestry in South Asia. It is a fast–growing leguminous tree species widely promoted for cultivation in China, and it is also [...] Read more.

Acacia melanoxylon R.Br. demonstrates strong biological nitrogen–fixation capacity and favourable economic returns, making it a promising candidate for the development of subtropical forestry in South Asia. It is a fast–growing leguminous tree species widely promoted for cultivation in China, and it is also one of the ideal tree species for improving soil fertility in forest lands. What are the synergistic mechanisms between A. melanoxylon-Eucalyptus stands and pure Eucalyptus spp.? Current theories regarding A. melanoxylon–Eucalyptus systems remain relatively fragmented due to the lack of effective silvicultural measures, resistance studies, and comprehensive ecological–economic benefit evaluations. The absence of an integrated analytical framework for holistic research on A. melanoxylon–Eucalyptus systems makes it difficult to summarise and comprehensively analyse their growth and development, thereby limiting the optimisation and widespread application of their models. This study employed CiteSpace bibliometric analysis and qualitative methods to explore ideal tree species combination patterns, elucidate their intrinsic eco–economic synergistic mechanisms, and reasonably reveal their collaborative potential. This study systematically reviewed silvicultural management, stress physiology, ecological security, and economic policy using the Chinese and English literature published from 2010 to 2025. The narrative synthesis results indicated that strip intercropping (7:3) is widely documented as an effective model for creating vertical niche complementarity, whereby canopy light and thermal utilisation by A. melanoxylon species improve subsoil nutrient cycling by enhancing stand structure. A conceptual full–cycle economic assessment framework was proposed to measure carbon sequestration and timber premiums. Correspondingly, this conversion of implicit ecological services into explicit market values acted as a critical tool for decision–making in assessing benefit. A three–dimensional “cultivation strategy–physiological ecology–value assessment” assessment framework was established. This framework demonstrated how to move from wanting to maximise the output of an individual component to maximising the value of the whole system. It theorised and provided guidance on resolving the complementary conflict between “ecology–economy” in the management of sustainable multifunctional plantations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrative Forest Governance, Policy, and Economics)

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18 pages, 5079 KB

Open AccessArticle

Bauxite Identification and Grade Prediction from Well Logs Using XGBoost: A Case Study from Shanxi Province, China

by Shangqing Zhang, Jingwen Xue, Yanhai Liu, Junwei Lin, Jihua Zhou, Jun Zhao, Yingbo Zhang, Jiyuan Li and Fenghua Zhao

Minerals 2026, 16(1), 53; https://doi.org/10.3390/min16010053 (registering DOI) - 31 Dec 2025

Abstract

The foundation of successful mineral exploration is precise bauxite horizon demarcation and grade estimation. Although core analysis is the industry standard method, it is costly, labor-intensive, and has a relatively low processing capacity. To overcome these limitations, this study constructed an Extreme Gradient [...] Read more.

The foundation of successful mineral exploration is precise bauxite horizon demarcation and grade estimation. Although core analysis is the industry standard method, it is costly, labor-intensive, and has a relatively low processing capacity. To overcome these limitations, this study constructed an Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) classifier based on the logging parameters of natural gamma logging (GR), natural gamma spectroscopy logging (GGL), three-lateral logging (LL3), and compensated density logging (CDN) in order to achieve the automation of ore layer identification and grade prediction. The karst-type bauxite in Lvliang, Shanxi, was used to validate the research. The model was trained using the data from four wells in Shenjiazhuang. The trained model was directly applied to a blind well in Xingxian without parameter adjustment. Strong cross-site generalization was demonstrated by horizon recognition, which achieved 98.18% accuracy, 96.62% precision, 91.49% recall, and an F1 score of 93.99%. Based on the Al/Si ratio (A/S) and the content of Al₂O₃, the grade prediction classifies the samples into three grades: high-, medium-, and low-grade. The Mean Absolute Errors (MAEs) for the prediction of high- and medium-grade subsets of Al₂O₃ were 0.906 and 1.643, respectively, and those for A/S were 1.224 and 1.146, respectively. And the coefficient of determination (R²) for each grade level was greater than 0.8. These results support XGBoost’s field applicability and resilience for intelligent bauxite exploration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Mineral Exploration Methods and Applications)

13 pages, 531 KB

Open AccessArticle

Asymmetric Organocatalytic Addition of Malononitrile to Trifluoromethyl Arylketimines: A Viable Entry to Chiral α-CF₃ Quaternary Aminoesters

by Milena Ivkovic, Francesca Franco, Sergio Rossi, Sara Ferrario, Alessandra Puglisi and Maurizio Benaglia

Molecules 2026, 31(1), 141; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31010141 (registering DOI) - 31 Dec 2025

Abstract

In the present study the stereoselective addition of malononitrile to trifluoromethyl arylketimines promoted by chiral iminophosphoranes was investigated. A panel of structurally diverse enantiopure bifunctional superbases, which include thiourea or squaramide unit and a basic site connected by a chiral scaffold, was tested [...] Read more.

In the present study the stereoselective addition of malononitrile to trifluoromethyl arylketimines promoted by chiral iminophosphoranes was investigated. A panel of structurally diverse enantiopure bifunctional superbases, which include thiourea or squaramide unit and a basic site connected by a chiral scaffold, was tested in the asymmetric organocatalytic reaction, to afford an adduct featuring a quaternary stereocenter, in up to a 87/13 enantiomeric ratio. The product was then converted in a single step transformation into the corresponding enantioenriched α-CF₃ substituted quaternary aminoester, without any loss of stereochemical integrity. The absolute configuration of the final product was established by chemical correlation of the chiral compound with a known molecule. Preliminary computational studies were performed in order to elucidate the reaction mechanism and rationalize the stereochemical outcome of the reaction. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Organic Chemistry)

15 pages, 311 KB

Open AccessArticle

Knowledge-Sharing Practices Among Dentists, Pharmacists, and Allied Health Professionals: A Cross-Sectional Study in Eastern Cape Public Hospitals, South Africa

by Nombulelo Chitha, Linda Sobekwa, Ziyanda Ngcobo, Ruth Tshabalala, Ntiyiso V. Khosa and Onke R. Mnyaka

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2026, 23(1), 66; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph23010066 (registering DOI) - 31 Dec 2025

Abstract

Knowledge-sharing is a deliberate exchange of information to enhance accessibility and reuse which is critical for improving healthcare delivery. This study assessed knowledge-sharing practices among dentists, pharmacists, and allied health professionals (AHPs) in nine public hospitals in South Africa’s Eastern Cape Province. A [...] Read more.

Knowledge-sharing is a deliberate exchange of information to enhance accessibility and reuse which is critical for improving healthcare delivery. This study assessed knowledge-sharing practices among dentists, pharmacists, and allied health professionals (AHPs) in nine public hospitals in South Africa’s Eastern Cape Province. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using purposive and stratified random sampling to recruit 99 participants. Data were collected via a validated questionnaire and analysed with SPSS v.22.0 using descriptive statistics. Respondents were predominantly female (77.6%) and aged 21–35 years (63.6%); AHPs comprised 65.7% of the sample. The results show a statistically significant association between profession and encouragement to adopt a global perspective (p = 0.017), while significant differences were observed between profession and encouragement to seek inter-team solutions (p = 0.020), and access to leadership-driven opportunities for interdisciplinary knowledge-sharing (p = 0.016). Despite observable patterns in the descriptive results, no other statistically significant differences by profession were observed for all other items. Collaboration with external communities and leadership-driven knowledge-sharing opportunities were also highest among dentists but limited overall. Adoption of information systems for knowledge exchange was low, particularly among pharmacists and AHPs. Participation in professional development and recognition of long-term knowledge-sharing strategies followed similar patterns. These findings highlight the need to strengthen leadership-driven opportunities for interdisciplinary knowledge-sharing and to develop targeted interventions to address specific gaps between professions. Full article

20 pages, 2682 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Novel TLR4 Inhibitor DB03476 Rescued Renal Inflammation in Acute Kidney Injury Model

by Yi-Fan Zhang, Yu-Xuan Ma, Shi-Jie Wei, Bo Yang, Yun-Hua Ji, Zheng-Xiang Qi, Xin-Yu Shi, Long-Long Zhang, Xiao-Zheng Fan and Xiao-Jian Yang

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(1), 454; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27010454 (registering DOI) - 31 Dec 2025

Abstract

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a critical clinical syndrome characterized by a rapid decline in renal function, frequently resulting from ischemia, nephrotoxicity, or sepsis. It represents a major global health burden due to its high morbidity and mortality and its strong association with [...] Read more.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a critical clinical syndrome characterized by a rapid decline in renal function, frequently resulting from ischemia, nephrotoxicity, or sepsis. It represents a major global health burden due to its high morbidity and mortality and its strong association with progression to chronic kidney disease. In this study, we identified a novel small-molecule TLR4 inhibitor, DB03476, via structure-based virtual screening targeting the intracellular TIR domain of murine Tlr4. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed that DB03476 stabilizes Tlr4 without altering its global conformation. In a murine ischemia–reperfusion-induced AKI model, DB03476 administration significantly attenuated renal inflammation, macrophage infiltration, and apoptosis and suppressed the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. Moreover, DB03476 exhibited cross-species efficacy by binding conserved residues in human TLR4 with high affinity. Functional validation using human kidney organoids confirmed its protective effects against inflammatory challenge. These results demonstrate DB03476 as a promising therapeutic agent for AKI through selective inhibition of TLR4-mediated inflammatory responses. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) in Infection and Inflammation: Third Edition)

15 pages, 7837 KB

Open AccessArticle

Heterologous Substitution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis rRNA in Mycobacterium smegmatis and Its Impact on Antimicrobial Susceptibility

by Qianwen Yue, Chan Shan, Arslan Habib, Guoping Zhao and Xiaoming Ding

Antibiotics 2026, 15(1), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics15010030 (registering DOI) - 31 Dec 2025

Abstract

Background: The global incidence of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis continues to rise. The ribosome serves as a target for multiple antimicrobials, making functional research on it hold great significance. Methods: Using homologous recombination combined with a multiple serine integrase-mediated site-specific [...] Read more.

Background: The global incidence of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis continues to rise. The ribosome serves as a target for multiple antimicrobials, making functional research on it hold great significance. Methods: Using homologous recombination combined with a multiple serine integrase-mediated site-specific recombination system, we replaced the two endogenous rRNA operons in Mycobacterium smegmatis MC² 155 with a single copy of the single rRNA operon from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, constructing the M. smegmatis BRkoA strain. We assessed growth kinetics at 37 °C, cold sensitivity at lower temperatures, transcriptional levels by RT-qPCR, 70S ribosome integrity through cryo-EM, and antimicrobial susceptibility by microdilution assays. Results: The BRkoA strain was successfully constructed. It exhibited markedly slower growth compared to the wild-type strain. Cold-sensitivity assays indicated potential ribosome assembly defects, while transcriptional analysis suggested altered rRNA processing and modification. Cryo-EM analysis further demonstrated the absence of specific ribosomal proteins in the BRkoA 70S ribosome. Moreover, BRkoA displayed reduced susceptibility tendency to several ribosome-targeting antibiotics, including kanamycin, amikacin, paromomycin, gentamicin, and linezolid. Conclusions: Replacement of the two endogenous rrn operons in M. smegmatis with a single copy of the single M. tuberculosis rrn operon using a serine integrase-mediated recombination system caused growth impairment and decreased sensitivity tendency to several ribosome-targeting antimicrobials. These findings suggest that ribosome structural variation contributes to intrinsic drug resistance mechanisms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Antibiotic Therapy in Infectious Diseases)

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16 pages, 1457 KB

Open AccessArticle

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Congenital Toxoplasmosis in Newborns in the Public Health System in the Eastern Region of the Brazilian Amazon, Northern Tocantins State, Brazil: Retrospective Cohort Study

by Stela B. C. Sousa, Cláudia D. M. Mangueira, Sandro E. Moron, Raphael G. Ferreira, Helierson Gomes, Noé M. E. P. L. Costa, Alex S. R. Cangussu, Bergmann M. Ribeiro, Fabricio S. Campos, Gil R. dos Santos, Raimundo W. S. Aguiar, Kelly M. I. Silva, Alice R. Mazutti, Julliana D. Pinheiro, Frederico Eugênio, Erica E. L. Gontijo, Sara F. de Sousa, Jaqueline C. M. Borges, João B. Neto and Marcos G. da Silva

Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2026, 11(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed11010013 (registering DOI) - 31 Dec 2025

Abstract

Objective: To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for congenital toxoplasmosis in neonates treated in the public health network of the eastern region of the Brazilian Amazon, northern Tocantins state. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted with neonates born to mothers [...] Read more.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for congenital toxoplasmosis in neonates treated in the public health network of the eastern region of the Brazilian Amazon, northern Tocantins state. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted with neonates born to mothers with gestational toxoplasmosis who received care between 2017 and 2024. The outcome under analysis was positivity for immunoglobulin M in the electrochemiluminescence assay (CLIA). We estimated the prevalence of transplacental infection and respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) and its association with risk factors using the odds ratio (or) with a p-value < 0.05 in infected neonates before and after 16 gestational weeks at maternal infection diagnosis. Results: A total of 1142 neonates were surveyed, in which 496 were diagnosed with congenital toxoplasmosis (IgM positive), thus obtaining a prevalence of vertical transmission of 45.4%. The main risk factors for vertical transmission were the mother’s education level equal to or less than eight years, (OR = 1.5; 95% CI 1.2;2.0) and having less than six prenatal consultations (OR = 22.8; 95% CI 3.0;172.6). Conclusions: A high prevalence of congenital toxoplasmosis was observed, with higher rates of infection in neonates born to mothers with lower levels of education. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Toxoplasma and Neospora: Public Health Challenges in Tropical Regions)

35 pages, 3917 KB

Open AccessArticle

Mechanisms of Topographic Steering and Track Morphology of Typhoon-like Vortices over Complex Terrain: A Dynamic Model Approach

by Hung-Cheng Chen

Atmosphere 2026, 17(1), 60; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos17010060 (registering DOI) - 31 Dec 2025

Abstract

This study investigates the mechanisms of topographic steering and the resultant track morphology of typhoon-like vortices over complex terrain. Leveraging a dynamic model based on potential vorticity (PV) conservation, we conducted a comprehensive sensitivity analysis over both an idealized bell-shaped mountain and the [...] Read more.

This study investigates the mechanisms of topographic steering and the resultant track morphology of typhoon-like vortices over complex terrain. Leveraging a dynamic model based on potential vorticity (PV) conservation, we conducted a comprehensive sensitivity analysis over both an idealized bell-shaped mountain and the realistic topography of Taiwan. Results indicate that a triad of controls governs track evolution: vortex intensity (α), terrain geometry \({dh}_b^*/dt^* \), and interaction time (impinging angle γ). To quantify predictability, we introduce the Track Divergence Percentage (t_d), which partitions the phase space into distinct Track Diverging (TDZ) and Converging (TCZ) Zones. The results demonstrate that vortex intensity, terrain-induced forcing, and interaction time jointly organize a regime-dependent predictability landscape, characterized by distinct zones of track divergence and convergence separated by a dynamically balanced trajectory. This framework provides a physically interpretable explanation for why small perturbations in initial conditions can lead to qualitatively different track outcomes near complex terrain. Rather than aiming at direct forecast skill improvement, this study provides a physically interpretable diagnostic framework for understanding terrain-induced track sensitivity and uncertainty, with implications for interpreting ensemble spread in forecasting systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Typhoon/Hurricane Dynamics and Prediction (3rd Edition))

25 pages, 2290 KB

Open AccessArticle

Hypoxia-Driven Functional Conversion of CAPE: From Anti-Inflammatory to Pro-Tumorigenic Action in the Human Astrocytoma Cell Line CCF-SSTG1

by Anna Kurek-Górecka, Małgorzata Kłósek, Grażyna Pietsz, Radosław Balwierz and Zenon P. Czuba

Molecules 2026, 31(1), 140; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31010140 (registering DOI) - 31 Dec 2025

Abstract

The glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) microenvironment, characterized by hypoxia and inflammation, is a principal driver of therapeutic resistance. Although natural compounds such as Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE) are investigated for their anti-neoplastic properties, their bioactivity within the distinct metabolic landscape of the tumor [...] Read more.

The glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) microenvironment, characterized by hypoxia and inflammation, is a principal driver of therapeutic resistance. Although natural compounds such as Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE) are investigated for their anti-neoplastic properties, their bioactivity within the distinct metabolic landscape of the tumor core remains to be fully elucidated. Taking advantage of the recognized immunomodulatory properties of CAPE and its ability to cross the blood–brain barrier, we hypothesized that hypoxia is a key factor determining its effect on glioma-associated inflammation. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the immunomodulatory effects of CAPE on the human astrocytoma cell line CCF-STTG1. Cells were cultured under normoxic and hypoxic conditions, stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-alpha (IFN-α) to induce an inflammatory phenotype, and subsequently treated with CAPE. The secretion profiles of key cytokines (IL-8, IL-10, IL-26) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) as well as pentraxin-3 (PTX-3) were then quantified using a multiplex immunoassay. Our results revealed a striking functional dichotomy. Under normoxic conditions, CAPE suppressed the secretion of key pro-inflammatory mediators. Conversely, under hypoxic conditions, CAPE significantly amplified the release of pro-tumorigenic factors, including the mediator facilitating tumor cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis such as IL-8 and the invasion-associated metalloproteinase MMP-2. These findings suggesting that hypoxia may fundamentally reprograms the immunomodulatory potential of CAPE. However, due to limitations of study requires further validation in a broader panel of glioblastoma models. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Anticancer Compounds and Therapeutic Strategies)

23 pages, 8443 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Multi-Evidence Approach to the Systematics of the Genus Satyrium Sw. Based on Time-Calibrated Phylogeny, Morphology, and Biogeography

by Natalia Olędrzyńska, Sławomir Nowak, Aleksandra M. Naczk, Marcin Górniak and Dariusz L. Szlachetko

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(1), 453; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27010453 - 31 Dec 2025

Abstract

The genus Satyrium (Orchidaceae) is a large, mostly sub-Saharan genus with a single species reported from Madagascar and Asia. Taxonomical complexity and high morphological diversity make the classification within the genus difficult to handle. In this study, we attempted to solve this problem [...] Read more.

The genus Satyrium (Orchidaceae) is a large, mostly sub-Saharan genus with a single species reported from Madagascar and Asia. Taxonomical complexity and high morphological diversity make the classification within the genus difficult to handle. In this study, we attempted to solve this problem using a comprehensive approach based on data from multiple sources. We combined morphological data from vegetative parts with data on flower structure using timescale phylogenetics conducted for both nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and plastid markers (matK, trnS-trnG, trnL, trnL-trnF). Phylogenetic studies confirmed most of the results of previous studies and led to the identification of six potential hybridization events within the genus. Morphological diversity often does not correspond to phylogenetic relationships within the genus, and many evolutionary lineages began to diverge only at the end of the early Miocene and in the late Miocene. The development of similar characteristics is the result of this diversification under the influence of similar environmental pressures. Reconstruction of the historical geographical range of Satyrium showed that the regions of South Africa and the mountainous areas of Eastern Africa played the most important role in the diversification of the genus. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Genetics and Genomics)

19 pages, 3509 KB

Open AccessArticle

Determining Water Resource Formation at the “Delegen” Nuclear Test Site Using Stable Isotope Analysis

by Almira Aidarkhanova, Ainur Mamyrbayeva, Anastassiya Nadeyeva, Alibek Iskenov, Assan Aidarkhanov, Natalya Larionova and Rinata Yermakova

Water 2026, 18(1), 99; https://doi.org/10.3390/w18010099 (registering DOI) - 31 Dec 2025

Abstract

Despite the closure of the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site (STS) more than 30 years ago, water continues to transport radioactive contamination beyond the boundaries of the “Degelen” test site. Therefore, assessing the formation of water resources at this test site is highly relevant, [...] Read more.

Despite the closure of the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site (STS) more than 30 years ago, water continues to transport radioactive contamination beyond the boundaries of the “Degelen” test site. Therefore, assessing the formation of water resources at this test site is highly relevant, particularly in terms of forecasting the development of radioactive contamination at the STS. In this case, isotope hydrology is the most promising method for understanding these processes. The aquatic environment at the “Degelen” test site consists of radioactively contaminated tunnel water, streams, and groundwater. This paper presents the research results regarding the determination of stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen for the aquatic environment of the “Degelen” test site. ³H concentrations and the chemical composition of water at the site were also determined. Analysis of the water’s isotopic composition (δ₂H and δ¹⁸O) showed that the tunnel and stream water are formed by precipitation (snowmelt and rain). In summer, when precipitation is low, atmospheric condensation contributes significantly to recharge at the “Degelen” test site. The high radionuclide content of tunnel water leads to the contamination of stream water, and, to a lesser extent, groundwater. The ³H content of tunnel water can reach 260 kBq/L, and that of stream water can reach 58 kBq/L, both of which exceed the established standards in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Hydrology)

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15 pages, 25553 KB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Fe and Si Content on Microstructure and Properties of Al-Cu-Li Alloys

by Tianyi Feng, Wei Zhao, Changlin Li, Ying Li, Xiwu Li, Zhicheng Liu, Lizhen Yan, Pengfei Xu, Hongwei Yan, Yongan Zhang, Zhihui Li and Baiqing Xiong

Materials 2026, 19(1), 147; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19010147 - 31 Dec 2025

Abstract

This study systematically investigates the effects of Fe and Si impurities on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Cu-Li alloys. Five alloy compositions with controlled Fe (0.03–0.12 wt.%) and Si (0.03–0.12 wt.%) contents were fabricated and processed through homogenization, hot extrusion, solution treatment, [...] Read more.

This study systematically investigates the effects of Fe and Si impurities on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Cu-Li alloys. Five alloy compositions with controlled Fe (0.03–0.12 wt.%) and Si (0.03–0.12 wt.%) contents were fabricated and processed through homogenization, hot extrusion, solution treatment, and aging. Microstructural characterization demonstrates that Fe promotes the formation of coarse skeletal Al₇Cu₂Fe intermetallics, while Si facilitates the precipitation of blocky α-AlFeSi phases and eutectic Si particles. An elevated Fe content substantially deteriorates strength, ductility, and fracture toughness, primarily due to two mechanisms: the persistence of thermally stable impurity phases that serve as stress concentrators and preferential crack initiation sites throughout thermomechanical processing, and the consumption of Cu that reduces the volume fraction of primary T₁ (Al₂CuLi) strengthening precipitates. In contrast, Si exhibits comparatively moderate detrimental effects. The findings establish that stringent Fe control is essential for maintaining mechanical performance, whereas strategic Si adjustment offers a viable approach for cost management in recycled alloy production. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Metallurgy of Metals and Alloys (4th Edition))

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23 pages, 1590 KB

Open AccessReview

Emerging Roles of Metal–Organic Frameworks as Flame Retardants: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives in Thermoplastic Polymers

by Jiayi Ding, Zihan Zhang, Zhi Wang, Yichao Lin, Ye-Tang Pan and Kun Yao

Materials 2026, 19(1), 150; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19010150 - 31 Dec 2025

Abstract

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), assembled from inorganic metal centers (metal ions or clusters) and organic ligands, possess distinctive features such as structural designability, high surface area, and tunable functionalities. In the past decade, MOFs have displayed substantial merits when utilized as innovative flame retardants [...] Read more.

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), assembled from inorganic metal centers (metal ions or clusters) and organic ligands, possess distinctive features such as structural designability, high surface area, and tunable functionalities. In the past decade, MOFs have displayed substantial merits when utilized as innovative flame retardants in the realm of polymeric materials. A current focus is on the flame-retardant effects of MOFs in thermosetting plastics, yielding substantial achievements; however, systematic investigations into thermoplastic polymers, which are more widely used, remain limited. The flame-retardant mode of action for miscellaneous types of MOFs and their applications in polymeric matrices, with particular emphasis on recent advances in thermoplastic systems, are summarized. Furthermore, existing challenges and future perspectives are identified. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Metals and Alloys)

29 pages, 4369 KB

Open AccessArticle

SARIMA vs. Prophet: Comparative Efficacy in Forecasting Traffic Accidents Across Ecuadorian Provinces

by Wilson Chango, Ana Salguero, Tatiana Landivar, Roberto Vásconez, Geovanny Silva, Pedro Peñafiel-Arcos, Lucía Núñez and Homero Velasteguí-Izurieta

Computation 2026, 14(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/computation14010005 - 31 Dec 2025

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the comparative predictive efficacy of the SARIMA statistical model and the Prophet machine learning model for forecasting monthly traffic accidents across the 24 provinces of Ecuador, addressing a critical research gap in model selection for geographically and socioeconomically [...] Read more.

This study aimed to evaluate the comparative predictive efficacy of the SARIMA statistical model and the Prophet machine learning model for forecasting monthly traffic accidents across the 24 provinces of Ecuador, addressing a critical research gap in model selection for geographically and socioeconomically heterogeneous regions. By integrating classical time series modeling with algorithmic decomposition techniques, the research sought to determine whether a universally superior model exists or if predictive performance is inherently context-dependent. Monthly accident data from January 2013 to June 2025 were analyzed using a rolling-window evaluation framework. Model accuracy was assessed through Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) metrics to ensure consistency and comparability across provinces. The results revealed a global tie, with 12 provinces favoring SARIMA and 12 favoring Prophet, indicating the absence of a single dominant model. However, regional patterns of superiority emerged: Prophet achieved exceptional precision in coastal and urban provinces with stationary and high-volume time series—such as Guayas, which recorded the lowest MAPE (4.91%)—while SARIMA outperformed Prophet in the Andean highlands, particularly in non-stationary, medium-to-high-volume provinces such as Tungurahua (MAPE 6.07%) and Pichincha (MAPE 13.38%). Computational instability in MAPE was noted for provinces with extremely low accident counts (e.g., Galápagos, Carchi), though RMSE values remained low, indicating a metric rather than model limitation. Overall, the findings invalidate the notion of a universally optimal model and underscore the necessity of adopting adaptive, region-specific modeling frameworks that account for local geographic, demographic, and structural factors in predictive road safety analytics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Intelligent Optimization Algorithm: Theory and Applications)

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17 pages, 1304 KB

Open AccessReview

Efferocytosis: The Silent Guardian of Tissue Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Health

by Wenting Peng, Yuhao Song, Shengxi Gu, Ye Zhu and Ying Li

J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2026, 13(1), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd13010021 - 31 Dec 2025

Abstract

Rapid and effective clearance of apoptotic cells, known as efferocytosis, is essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis. Efferocytosis removes apoptotic cells before the occurrence of membrane rupture from which the cell contents, often inflammatory and toxic, are released into surrounding tissues. Through this way, [...] Read more.

Rapid and effective clearance of apoptotic cells, known as efferocytosis, is essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis. Efferocytosis removes apoptotic cells before the occurrence of membrane rupture from which the cell contents, often inflammatory and toxic, are released into surrounding tissues. Through this way, efferocytosis protects the surrounding tissues from toxic enzymes and oxides inside the apoptotic cells as well as from cellular contents such as anti-proteinase and cystatins. Driven by the ongoing advancements in bioinformatics and molecular biology, many researchers have explored the mechanism of efferocytosis and its association with systemic diseases. Multiple studies have demonstrated that impaired efferocytosis mechanisms significantly contribute to the onset and progression of chronic inflammation. The presence of chronic inflammation significantly exacerbates the advancement of cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, heart failure subsequent to myocardial infarction, and even myocarditis. This review aims to provide a brief introduction to the mechanisms involved in cellular efferocytosis, followed by an examination of the molecular and pathway aspects of efferocytosis with the risk of cardiovascular diseases, contributing to the identification of potential therapeutic targets for related diseases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Basic and Translational Cardiovascular Research)

14 pages, 483 KB

Open AccessStudy Protocol

Climate Change Policies and Social Inequalities in the Transport, Infrastructure and Health Sectors: A Scoping Review Protocol

by Estefania Martinez Esguerra, Marie-Claude Laferrière, Anouk Bérubé, Pierre Paul Audate and Thierno Diallo

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2026, 23(1), 65; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph23010065 - 31 Dec 2025

Abstract

Climate action has been deemed as fundamental to counteract the impacts of rising global temperatures on health which will disproportionately affect low-income populations, racial and ethnic minorities, women, and other historically marginalized groups. Along with poverty reduction, inequality mitigation, gender equality promotion, and [...] Read more.

Climate action has been deemed as fundamental to counteract the impacts of rising global temperatures on health which will disproportionately affect low-income populations, racial and ethnic minorities, women, and other historically marginalized groups. Along with poverty reduction, inequality mitigation, gender equality promotion, and public health protection, climate action has been recognized as a fundamental goal for achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, despite growing recognition of the need to align climate action with development goals, there is a knowledge gap regarding how the implementation of climate change mitigation and adaptation policies impacts social inequalities. To address this knowledge gap, this document proposes a scoping review protocol aimed at identifying and synthesizing research that examines the impacts of climate policies on inequalities at the subnational scales, within the transport, infrastructure and health. The objective of this review is to map existing evidence, identify conceptual and empirical gaps and inform policy strategies that promote climate action in line with values of social justice and equality. Full article

11 pages, 407 KB

Open AccessArticle

Complications of Interventional Versus Surgical Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Very Preterm Infants—A Retrospective Analysis

by Karla Girke, Christoph Bührer, Bernd Opgen-Rhein, Boris Metze and Christoph Czernik

J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2026, 13(1), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd13010022 - 31 Dec 2025

Abstract

Introduction. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is the most common cardiac anomaly in preterm newborns and may aggravate respiratory disease. Invasive closure options after failure of medical treatment include surgical ligation (SL) and transcatheter closure (TCC). Reports on side effects of intravenous contrast media [...] Read more.

Introduction. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is the most common cardiac anomaly in preterm newborns and may aggravate respiratory disease. Invasive closure options after failure of medical treatment include surgical ligation (SL) and transcatheter closure (TCC). Reports on side effects of intravenous contrast media are scarce. Methods. In this retrospective single-center study, we compared 35 preterm infants below 1500 g birth weight undergoing SL with 35 matched infants undergoing TCC. Outcomes were procedural success, complications and postprocedural ventilation. Results. Closure success was high in both groups (97% SL vs. 86% TCC, p = 0.106). One SL patient underwent re-operation after accidental clipping of the left pulmonary artery, and eight patients (24%) had endoscopy-diagnosed vocal cord palsy after SL. Six TCC patients had complications that required further action, including device embolization, device failure and one case of late device migration that resulted in aortic arch obstruction requiring intervention, and 4 TCC patients developed necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)-like disease within 24 h, requiring surgery in one patient. SL was associated with longer duration of mechanical ventilation (24 h vs. 144 h, p < 0.001), as opposed to TCC, and higher rates of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (86% vs. 53%, p = 0.004). Discussion. Both techniques achieve high success but differ in complication profiles. TCC may reduce respiratory morbidity. NEC-like disease (probably linked to intravenous administration of contrast agents) warrants further investigation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease)

14 pages, 419 KB

Open AccessArticle

Essential, Non-Essential, and Toxic Elements in the Muscle of Meagre (Argyrosomus regius) from the Tagus Estuary (Portugal)

by André F. Jorge, Carla Rodrigues, Bernardo Quintella, Marco Gomes da Silva and Maria João Lança

Oceans 2026, 7(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/oceans7010003 - 31 Dec 2025

Abstract

Monitoring trace metals in commercially important fish species provides an early warning of anthropogenic contamination and potential risk to consumers. This study semi-quantified and quantified essential, non-essential, and toxic elements in the muscle of wild meagre (Argyrosomus regius) captured in the [...] Read more.

Monitoring trace metals in commercially important fish species provides an early warning of anthropogenic contamination and potential risk to consumers. This study semi-quantified and quantified essential, non-essential, and toxic elements in the muscle of wild meagre (Argyrosomus regius) captured in the Tagus estuary (Portugal), which is used as a nursery and spawning aggregation area. Dry muscle was microwave-digested and analyzed using inductively coupled plasma –optical emission spectroscopy. Semi-quantified screening detected Al, B, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, S, Si, Sr, and Ti, and eight elements were determined using multielement calibration (As, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Se, and Zn); Cd, Pb (toxic elements), Co, and Mo were not detected in this study. Arsenic was detected in all individuals, with a minimum value of 0.348 mg/kg wet weight. A mercury level above the European Commission regulatory limit (0.5 mg/kg wet weight) was only detected in one individual, corresponding to 2% of the samples. Although other metals remain well below regulatory limits, continued biomonitoring is recommended to track temporal trends and safeguard seafood safety in transitional coastal systems, which is important for commercially relevant fish species. Full article

17 pages, 6402 KB

Open AccessArticle

IESS-FusionNet: Physiologically Inspired EEG-EMG Fusion with Linear Recurrent Attention for Infantile Epileptic Spasms Syndrome Detection

by Junyuan Feng, Zhenzhen Liu, Linlin Shen, Xiaoling Luo, Yan Chen, Lin Li and Tian Zhang

Bioengineering 2026, 13(1), 57; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13010057 - 31 Dec 2025

Abstract

Infantile Epileptic Spasms Syndrome (IESS) is a devastating epileptic encephalopathy of infancy that carries a high risk of lifelong neurodevelopmental disability. Timely diagnosis is critical, as every week of delay in effective treatment is associated with worse cognitive outcomes. Although synchronized electroencephalogram (EEG) [...] Read more.

Infantile Epileptic Spasms Syndrome (IESS) is a devastating epileptic encephalopathy of infancy that carries a high risk of lifelong neurodevelopmental disability. Timely diagnosis is critical, as every week of delay in effective treatment is associated with worse cognitive outcomes. Although synchronized electroencephalogram (EEG) and surface electromyography (EMG) recordings capture both the electrophysiological and motor signatures of spasms, accurate automated detection remains challenging due to the non-stationary nature of the signals and the absence of physiologically plausible inter-modal fusion in current deep learning approaches. We introduce IESS-FusionNet, an end-to-end dual-stream framework specifically designed for accurate, real-time IESS detection from simultaneous EEG and EMG. Each modality is processed by a dedicated Unimodal Encoder that hierarchically integrates Continuous Wavelet Transform, Spatio-Temporal Convolution, and Bidirectional Mamba to efficiently extract frequency-specific, spatially structured, local and long-range temporal features within a compact module. A novel Cross Time-Mixing module, built upon the linear recurrent attention of the Receptance Weighted Key Value (RWKV) architecture, subsequently performs efficient, time-decaying, bidirectional cross-modal integration that explicitly respects the causal and physiological properties of cortico-muscular coupling during spasms. Evaluated on an in-house clinical dataset of synchronized EEG-EMG recordings from infants with confirmed IESS, IESS-FusionNet achieves 89.5% accuracy, 90.7% specificity, and 88.3% sensitivity, significantly outperforming recent unimodal and multimodal baselines. Comprehensive ablation studies validate the contribution of each component, while the proposed cross-modal fusion requires approximately 60% fewer parameters than equivalent quadratic cross-attention mechanisms, making it suitable for real-time clinical deployment. IESS-FusionNet delivers an accurate, computationally efficient solution with physiologically inspired cross-modal fusion for the automated detection of infantile epileptic spasms, offering promise for future clinical applications in reducing diagnostic delay. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fetal-Maternal Monitoring during Pregnancy and Labor: Trends and Opportunities)

25 pages, 2308 KB

Open AccessArticle

Dynamics of a Fishery Management Model with Predation-Induced Fear Effect, Impulsive Nonlinear Harvesting Prey and Predator Seasonally Migrating Between Two Patches

by Bingying Gao, Jianjun Jiao, Zeli Zhou and Shirui Zhang

Axioms 2026, 15(1), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms15010032 - 31 Dec 2025

Abstract

This paper proposes a novel fishery management model that integrates three critical ecological factors: the prey (fish) fear effect, impulsive nonlinear harvesting, and predator seasonal migration. It is demonstrated that all solutions of the proposed system are uniformly ultimately bounded. We establish the [...] Read more.

This paper proposes a novel fishery management model that integrates three critical ecological factors: the prey (fish) fear effect, impulsive nonlinear harvesting, and predator seasonal migration. It is demonstrated that all solutions of the proposed system are uniformly ultimately bounded. We establish the conditions for the local and global asymptotic stability of the prey-extinction periodic solution, derive the permanence criteria for the system, and determine the threshold condition for prey extinction. Numerical simulations are conducted to validate the theoretical findings. These simulations also help identify the key parameters influencing the threshold condition and reveal the complex dynamics of the system. The results provide significant insights for fishery management, suggesting that regulating harvesting intensity and timing, as well as considering predator migration mortality, are crucial for sustaining fish populations and preventing overexploitation. Full article

16 pages, 596 KB

Open AccessArticle

Sleep Quality in Shift-Working Nurses: Subjective and Objective Evaluation

by Željka Dujmić, Štefica Mikšić, Ivana Barać, Josip Samardžić, Lea Maršić, Petar Samardžić, Zvjezdana Gvozdanović, Ivana Jelinčić, Blaženka Kljajić Bukvić, Marija Barišić, Davorka Čavar-Lovrić, Ružica Mrkonjić, Ivica Mihaljević and Nikolina Farčić

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2026, 23(1), 64; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph23010064 - 31 Dec 2025

Abstract

Background: It is well-known that rotating shift work disrupts the circadian rhythm and sleep quality in nurses. With this study, we aimed to compare subjectively and objectively measured sleep quality in nurses, specifically focusing on any differences that arose in relation to shift [...] Read more.

Background: It is well-known that rotating shift work disrupts the circadian rhythm and sleep quality in nurses. With this study, we aimed to compare subjectively and objectively measured sleep quality in nurses, specifically focusing on any differences that arose in relation to shift work. Methods: This prospective, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted in 2025 in Croatia; a total of 140 nurses participated. Sleep was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and FitBit Charge 3 smartwatch, which monitored sleep over an eight-day period. Results: Most nurses rated their sleep as good or very good, but according to the PSQI questionnaire, all participants were classified as poor sleepers (PSQI > 5). Objective smartwatch measurements showed that nurses working only day shifts had higher sleep scores (median 77, IQR 75–80 vs. 73, IQR 68–76; p < 0.001), significantly longer total sleep duration (median 6.4, IQR 6.3–7.1 vs. 5.5, IQR 5.2–6.2 h; p < 0.001), and longer durations of all sleep stages compared with those working rotating shifts. Conclusions: Most nurses subjectively rated their sleep as good or very good; however, according to the PSQI questionnaire results, all were classified as poor sleepers, with no significant difference related to shift work. Objective measurements using the smartwatch indicated that rotating shift work is associated with significantly poorer sleep quality. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring Quality of Life in Nursing and Patient Care)

18 pages, 1316 KB

Open AccessArticle

Brake Particle PN and PM Emissions of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs): On-Vehicle Chassis Dynamometer Measurements

by Panayotis Dimopoulos Eggenschwiler, Daniel Schreiber and Nora Schüller

Atmosphere 2026, 17(1), 59; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos17010059 - 31 Dec 2025

Abstract

Currently, brake particle emissions from traffic are considered one of the dominant sources of particulate matter in the atmosphere. A recent question concerns the contribution to brake particles of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs). The present work assesses brake particle emissions by measurements of [...] Read more.

Currently, brake particle emissions from traffic are considered one of the dominant sources of particulate matter in the atmosphere. A recent question concerns the contribution to brake particles of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs). The present work assesses brake particle emissions by measurements of particle number (PN) and mass (PM) of three light-duty BEVs. One front disc brake of each vehicle has been enclosed in a customized casing with appropriate ventilation for forming the aerosol. All three BEVs have been measured on a two-axis chassis dynamometer. The BEV relying more on electric braking (some 68% of the braking energy was covered by electric braking) had the lowest brake PN emissions over the (emissions) WLTC at 6.4 × 10⁹ km⁻¹ per front brake. This was less than half with respect to the other BEV (where only 52% of the braking energy was electric). PM emissions of the two vehicles were similar at 0.93 mg/km for PM < 12 μm and 0.65 mg/km for PM < 2.5 μm, both for one front brake. However, one of the measured BEVs had extraordinarily high PN emissions, some 23 times higher than the lowest-emitting BEV. The difference in PM was not as high, but was some four times higher. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Airborne Particles Emission and Generation Mechanisms of Brakes and Engine)

16 pages, 2123 KB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluating AES-128 Segment Encryption in Live HTTP Streaming Under Content Tampering and Packet Loss

by Bzav Shorsh Sabir and Aree Ali Mohammed

Network 2026, 6(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/network6010004 - 31 Dec 2025

Abstract

One of the main sources of entertainment is live video streaming platforms, which allow viewers to watch video streams in real time. However, because of the increasing demand for high quality content, the vulnerability of streaming systems against cyberattacks highlights how crucial it [...] Read more.

One of the main sources of entertainment is live video streaming platforms, which allow viewers to watch video streams in real time. However, because of the increasing demand for high quality content, the vulnerability of streaming systems against cyberattacks highlights how crucial it is to implement strong security mechanisms without sacrificing performance. Therefore, the safeguard of video streams against cyberthreats such as content tampering and interception is a top priority while still maintaining robustness against network fluctuations. Two distinct scenarios are proposed to test AES-128 encryption in securing HTTP live streaming segments against content tampering and resilience to packet loss. Results show that AES-128 encryption provides confidentiality and successfully prevents meaningful manipulation of the video content, confirming its reliability as segment encryption does not significantly alter packet loss-induced playback behavior compared to unencrypted streaming under the tested conditions, Performance analysis shows that AES-128 has no significant difference in data loss for up to 4% of network packet loss compared to unencrypted segments. Full article

17 pages, 4243 KB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of Polystyrene Nanoplastics Induced Cardiotoxicity Under Different Dietary Patterns in Mice

by Shuyi Wang, Tao Wu, Jie Dai, Xialei Liu, Lan He, Yijun Dong, Lina Zhao and Na Li

Toxics 2026, 14(1), 52; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics14010052 - 31 Dec 2025

Abstract

Background: Nanoplastics (NPs), as emerging foodborne contaminants, can accumulate in the heart and induce toxic effects. However, whether NPs exert differential cardiac impacts depending on dietary habits remains unclear. Methods: In this study, mice subjected to different dietary patterns (Normal diet ND; High [...] Read more.

Background: Nanoplastics (NPs), as emerging foodborne contaminants, can accumulate in the heart and induce toxic effects. However, whether NPs exert differential cardiac impacts depending on dietary habits remains unclear. Methods: In this study, mice subjected to different dietary patterns (Normal diet ND; High fat diet HFD; high-fructose diet, HFrD) were orally administered 80 nm polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) at a dose of 10 mg/(kg·day) for 1, 4, and 8 weeks. The fluorescence tracing, histopathological analysis, quantification of inflammatory and fibrotic markers, and transcriptomic sequencing were used to evaluate the distribution and hazardous effect of PS-NPs. Results: By the 8th week, significant fluorescence labeled PS-NPs accumulation was detected in the hearts of mice on HFD group and HFrD group. Histopathological and immunofluorescence analyses revealed that both HFD and HFrD groups exacerbated cardiac collagen deposition and inflammatory infiltration in PS-NP-exposed mice. Transcriptomic analysis further indicated that under HFD, PS-NP exposure primarily activated MAPK signaling pathway-mediated inflammation, thereby promoting fibrosis. In contrast, under HFrD, PS-NP80 amplified cardiac injury via the TNF signaling pathway. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that dietary habits can aggravate the cardiac toxicity induced by foodborne nanoplastics, highlighting the importance of considering dietary patterns in the risk assessment of food contaminants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Agrochemicals and Food Toxicology)

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17 pages, 6399 KB

Open AccessArticle

Ligand Engineering of UiO-66 for CO₂-to-DMC Reaction: Unraveling the Role of Acidity, Defects, and Electronic Effects in Catalytic Performance

by Yao Li, Zaixiao Ren, Juan Bai, Keju Sun, Ziwei Song and Shaotong Song

Catalysts 2026, 16(1), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal16010033 - 31 Dec 2025

Abstract

This study systematically investigates how organic ligand modifications—chain length adjusting and functional group incorporation—regulate the catalytic performance of UiO-66 derivatives for CO₂-to-dimethyl carbonate (DMC) conversion. Through multi-technique characterization (Py-IR, TGA, FT-IR, XPS, etc.) and catalytic tests, Lewis acid/basic sites (LAS/LBS), bulk [...] Read more.

This study systematically investigates how organic ligand modifications—chain length adjusting and functional group incorporation—regulate the catalytic performance of UiO-66 derivatives for CO₂-to-dimethyl carbonate (DMC) conversion. Through multi-technique characterization (Py-IR, TGA, FT-IR, XPS, etc.) and catalytic tests, Lewis acid/basic sites (LAS/LBS), bulk defects and electron density effects were identified as the three key factors to govern the catalytic activity. The bulk defects were believed to enhance mass transfer. Notably, MOF-801 (shortest ligand) and UiO-66-Br (electron-withdrawing-Br) achieved the highest TOFs of 0.86 h⁻¹ and 1.10 h⁻¹, respectively. While LAS/LBS and electron-rich Zr clusters promote methanol activation, defect-enhanced mass transfer dominated over electronic effects in boosting DMC yield. These insights highlight the tunability of MOFs for CO₂ utilization via rational ligand design. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Catalysis Technologies Using Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs))

15 pages, 1081 KB

Open AccessArticle

Curative Brachytherapy for Inoperable Early-Stage Oesophageal Cancer: A Case Series and Narrative Review

by Elena Lluzar, Adriana Capdevila, Faegheh Noorian, Antonio Herreros, Cristina Castro, Àngels Gines, Glòria Fernández-Esparrach, Carmen Ares, Yao Qiang and Angeles Rovirosa

J. Pers. Med. 2026, 16(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm16010013 - 31 Dec 2025

Abstract

Background: A subset of patients with T1-T2 oesophageal cancer are not candidates for surgery or chemotherapy and have a poor prognosis due to limited treatment options. This study evaluated the combination of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and endo-oesophageal brachytherapy (EBT) as a [...] Read more.

Background: A subset of patients with T1-T2 oesophageal cancer are not candidates for surgery or chemotherapy and have a poor prognosis due to limited treatment options. This study evaluated the combination of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and endo-oesophageal brachytherapy (EBT) as a curative treatment in these patients, with cause-specific survival (CSS) and local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) as the primary endpoints. Methods: This was a single-centre retrospective analysis of 11 patients with T1-T2 oesophageal cancer treated between 2005 and 2024 with combined EBRT and EBT schedules. Clinical data, treatment schedules, outcomes, and complications were obtained from patient medical records and follow-up documentation. Descriptive statistics and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis were used. Results: The median follow-up was 22 months (2–61 months). CSS rates were 79.5% at 2 years, 66% at 3 years, and 30% at 5 years. LRFS rates were 74.1%, 59%, and 39%, respectively. One severe toxicity (grade ≥ 3) was observed. The most frequent mild toxicities were oesophageal mucositis (18.2%) and ulceration (18.2%). Conclusions: EBT in combination with EBRT seems to be a feasible and well-tolerated treatment with curative intent for inoperable T1-T2 oesophageal cancer patients, offering favourable survival outcomes in a population with limited therapeutic alternatives. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Personalized Radiation Therapy for Cancers: Current Status and Future Perspectives)

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