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17 pages, 721 KB

Open AccessArticle

Specifying the Measures of the Time Delays in Gravitationally Lensed Quasar Q2237+0305 Images

by Elena Fedorova and Antonino Del Popolo

Symmetry 2026, 18(1), 162; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym18010162 (registering DOI) - 15 Jan 2026

Time delays in the images of gravitationally lensed quasars play crucial role in understanding the geometry and physical context of the gravitational lens systems (GLS). In case of the short time delays on hourly/daily timescales, correlating the X-ray/gamma-ray data is the best way [...] Read more.

Time delays in the images of gravitationally lensed quasars play crucial role in understanding the geometry and physical context of the gravitational lens systems (GLS). In case of the short time delays on hourly/daily timescales, correlating the X-ray/gamma-ray data is the best way to determine them as the variability of quasars at these energies is usually faster than at lower ones. Here, we demonstrate the usage of our web tool for correlation function analysis, applying the cross-correlation (asymmetrical) function to the Chandra and auto-correlation (symmetrical) one to the XMM-Newton light curves of the images of the quasar in the famous GLS Q2237+0305 (“Huchra lens”/“Einstein Cross”). We also describe the way to distinguish between the GLS time delay and periodicity in light curves based on translational symmetry of cross-correlation function in case of periodicity of the signal. We have estimated the delays between the gravitationally lensed images and the timescales of (quasi)periodical flux variations of the quasar in the Einstein Cross. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Physics)

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19 pages, 1973 KB

Open AccessArticle

Continuous Smartphone Authentication via Multimodal Biometrics and Optimized Ensemble Learning

by Chia-Sheng Cheng, Ko-Chien Chang, Hsing-Chung Chen and Chao-Lung Chou

Mathematics 2026, 14(2), 311; https://doi.org/10.3390/math14020311 (registering DOI) - 15 Jan 2026

Abstract

The ubiquity of smartphones has transformed them into primary repositories of sensitive data; however, traditional one-time authentication mechanisms create a critical trust gap by failing to verify identity post-unlock. Our aim is to mitigate these vulnerabilities and align with the Zero Trust Architecture [...] Read more.

The ubiquity of smartphones has transformed them into primary repositories of sensitive data; however, traditional one-time authentication mechanisms create a critical trust gap by failing to verify identity post-unlock. Our aim is to mitigate these vulnerabilities and align with the Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) framework and philosophy of “never trust, always verify,” as formally defined by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Special Publication 800-207. This study introduces a robust continuous authentication (CA) framework leveraging multimodal behavioral biometrics. A dedicated application was developed to synchronously capture touch, sliding, and inertial sensor telemetry. For feature modeling, a heterogeneous deep learning pipeline was employed to capture modality-specific characteristics, utilizing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for sensor data, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks for curvilinear sliding, and Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs) for discrete touch. To resolve performance degradation caused by class imbalance in Zero Trust environments, a Grid Search Optimization (GSO) strategy was applied to optimize a weighted voting ensemble, identifying the global optimum for decision thresholds and modality weights. Empirical validation on a dataset of 35,519 samples from 15 subjects demonstrates that the optimized ensemble achieves a peak accuracy of 99.23%. Sensor kinematics emerged as the primary biometric signature, followed by touch and sliding features. This framework enables high-precision, non-intrusive continuous verification, bridging the critical security gap in contemporary mobile architectures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Applications of Artificial Intelligence Algorithms in Computer and Network Security)

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19 pages, 3019 KB

Open AccessArticle

Nucleolar Cdc14 Splitting Reflects Recombination Context and Meiotic Chromosome Dynamics

by Patricia Rodríguez-Jiménez, Paula Alonso-Ramos, Isabel Acosta, David Álvarez-Melo and Jesús A. Carballo

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(2), 888; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27020888 (registering DOI) - 15 Jan 2026

Abstract

Chromosome dynamics, recombination, and nucleolar organization intersect during meiotic prophase I, yet how the recombination context influences nucleolar architecture remains unclear. We analyzed the nucleolar pool of Cdc14 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae under matched prophase I gating and a uniform, frame-based operational definition of [...] Read more.

Chromosome dynamics, recombination, and nucleolar organization intersect during meiotic prophase I, yet how the recombination context influences nucleolar architecture remains unclear. We analyzed the nucleolar pool of Cdc14 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae under matched prophase I gating and a uniform, frame-based operational definition of transient two-focus episodes. In a prophase-arrest reference, Cdc14–mCherry formed a predominant single nucleolar focus with occasional, reversible two-focus episodes that Nop56–GFP placed within the nucleolar compartment (nucleolar splitting). Splitting rose sharply when interhomolog recombination was compromised and remained elevated when Spo11 catalytic activity was abolished, indicating that increased DSB formation is not required and pointing instead to the homolog engagement state as a key variable. Population checkpoint readouts did not map onto the phenotype: Hop1 phosphorylation differed strongly across genotypes, yet splitting remained high in recombination-defective and DSB-free contexts and low in the reference. Timing analyses showed that events concentrated early and declined in the reference, whereas recombination-defective and DSB-free backgrounds retained activity into later windows across thresholds. We propose that nucleolar splitting reflects a rheological response of the nucleolus to chromosome-scale forces that vary with homolog engagement, consistent with contributions from DSB-independent chromosome dynamics such as telomere clustering, telomere-led rapid prophase movements, and centromere coupling/pairing. Together, these data support the nucleolus as a mesoscale, mechanically sensitive readout of meiotic chromosome dynamics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Biology)

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25 pages, 7226 KB

Open AccessArticle

New Architectural Forms in the Landscape as a Response to the Demand for Beauty in 21st-Century Tourism and Leisure

by Rafał Blazy, Hanna Hrehorowicz-Gaber, Alicja Hrehorowicz-Nowak, Wiktor Hładki and Jakub Knapek

Arts 2026, 15(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/arts15010018 (registering DOI) - 15 Jan 2026

Abstract

The architecture of spas and recreational complexes is increasingly being analyzed not only through the prism of its formal diversity but also through its functional, technical, and esthetic responses to evolving societal expectations. This article descriptively examines the context of evolving user needs [...] Read more.

The architecture of spas and recreational complexes is increasingly being analyzed not only through the prism of its formal diversity but also through its functional, technical, and esthetic responses to evolving societal expectations. This article descriptively examines the context of evolving user needs and select examples representing new architectural forms integrated into the landscape, responding to the growing demand for beauty (understood subjectively), experiences, and emotional value in 21st-century tourism and recreation. The most diverse and characteristic examples were selected and described in order to maintain a broad context of analysis and illustrate contemporary changes as faithfully as possible. The descriptive approach enables a systematic and comprehensive representation of phenomena, identifying recurring patterns, spatial trends, and contextual relationships. Rather than being limited to numerical data, it provides a structured analytical framework that supports the objective documentation of architectural and urban processes. The aim of this study is to systematize selected design trends that reflect contemporary cultural aspirations and environmental concerns, and to illustrate the evolving relationship between architecture, nature, and users. The results indicate a consistent shift toward landscape-integrated, experiential, and esthetically driven architectural solutions, demonstrating that contemporary tourism facilities increasingly prioritize atmosphere, immersion in nature, and sensory engagement over traditional utilitarian design. This study concludes that beauty, understood as subjective esthetic experience, has become a key determinant in shaping new architectural forms, reinforcing the role of architecture as both a cultural expression and a tool for enhancing well-being in tourism and leisure environments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intersecting Dialogues: Contemporary Art and Architecture in the 21st Century)

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13 pages, 4033 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Low-Sidelobe Fully Metallic Ridge Gap Waveguide Antenna Array for W-Band Applications

by Huixia Jiang, Lili Sheng, Pengsheng Nie, Yu Feng, Jinfang Wen, Jianbo Ji and Weiping Cao

Sensors 2026, 26(2), 602; https://doi.org/10.3390/s26020602 (registering DOI) - 15 Jan 2026

Abstract

To address the critical demand for high-gain, low-sidelobe, and high-efficiency antennas in W-band arrays, this work presents a low-sidelobe all-metal array antenna based on ridge gap waveguide technology. The design employs a three-layer contactless metal structure, integrating a stepped-ridge feeding network with Taylor [...] Read more.

To address the critical demand for high-gain, low-sidelobe, and high-efficiency antennas in W-band arrays, this work presents a low-sidelobe all-metal array antenna based on ridge gap waveguide technology. The design employs a three-layer contactless metal structure, integrating a stepped-ridge feeding network with Taylor amplitude distribution and a higher-order mode resonant cavity. This integration enables efficient power distribution and low-loss transmission while eliminating the need for conventional welding or bonding processes. Measurement results indicate that the antenna exhibits a reflection coefficient below −10 dB across the 92.5–103.5 GHz. The in-band gain exceeds 25.8 dBi with less than 1 dB fluctuation, and the radiation efficiency surpasses 78%. Specifically, the sidelobe levels in both E- and H-planes remain below −17.5 dB, reaching under −19.5 dB at 94 GHz, while cross-polarization is better than −30 dB. The proposed antenna demonstrates high gain, low sidelobe, and high efficiency, showing promising potential for applications in millimeter-wave radar, imaging, and 6G communication systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced Array Antenna Design and Signal Processing Techniques)

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15 pages, 4372 KB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Micromanufacturing Process of Complex 3D FeCo Core Microwindings for Magnetic Flux Modulation in Micromotors

by Efren Diez-Jimenez, Diego Lopez-Pascual, Gabriel Villalba-Alumbreros, Ignacio Valiente-Blanco, Miguel Fernandez-Munoz, Jesús del Olmo-Anguix, Oscar Manzano-Narro, Alexander Kanitz, Jan Hoppius and Jan Philipp

Micromachines 2026, 17(1), 115; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi17010115 (registering DOI) - 15 Jan 2026

Abstract

This work presents the design, fabrication, and characterization of a three-dimensional FeCo-based flux-modulator microwinding intended for integration into high-torque axial-flux Vernier micromotors. The proposed micromotor architecture modulates the stator magnetic flux using 12 magnetically isolated FeCo teeth interacting with an 11-pole permanent-magnet rotor. [...] Read more.

This work presents the design, fabrication, and characterization of a three-dimensional FeCo-based flux-modulator microwinding intended for integration into high-torque axial-flux Vernier micromotors. The proposed micromotor architecture modulates the stator magnetic flux using 12 magnetically isolated FeCo teeth interacting with an 11-pole permanent-magnet rotor. The design requires the manufacturing of complex three-dimensional micrometric parts, including three teeth and a cylindrical core. Such a complex design cannot be manufactured using conventional micromanufacturing lithography or 2D planar methods. The flux-modulator envelope dimensions are 250 μm outer diameter and 355 μm height. It is manufactured using a femtosecond laser-machining process that preserves factory-finished surfaces and minimizes heat-affected zones. In addition, this micrometric part has been wound using 20 μm diameter enamelled copper wire. A dedicated magnetic clamping fixture is developed to enable multilayer microwinding of the integrated core, producing a 17-turn inductor with a 60.6% fill factor—the highest reported for a manually wound ferromagnetic-core microcoil of this scale. Geometric and magnetic characterization validates the simulation model and demonstrates the field distribution inside the isolated core. The results establish a viable micromanufacturing workflow for complex 3D FeCo microwindings, supporting the development of next-generation high-performance MEMS micromotors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section E：Engineering and Technology)

16 pages, 362 KB

Open AccessArticle

Mental Health, Mucosal Immunity, and HIV Susceptibility Following Sexual Violence: Evidence from the THRIVE Study

by Katherine M. Anderson, Eleanor Capozzi, Stephanie A. Meyers-Pantele, Maile Y. Karris, Fernando Cabezas Mejia, Ella Meyer, Melodie A. Nasr, Mimi Ghosh and Jamila K. Stockman

Viruses 2026, 18(1), 119; https://doi.org/10.3390/v18010119 (registering DOI) - 15 Jan 2026

Abstract

Sexual violence against women is a global issue with profound health consequences, including elevated HIV risk due to genital tract inflammation and injury. However, limited research has examined the influence of mental health on HIV-related immunity after violence. We analyzed longitudinal data from [...] Read more.

Sexual violence against women is a global issue with profound health consequences, including elevated HIV risk due to genital tract inflammation and injury. However, limited research has examined the influence of mental health on HIV-related immunity after violence. We analyzed longitudinal data from female survivors of past-month rape (N = 25) to explore associations between mental health (perceived stress, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD], and resilience) and HIV-associated immune biomarkers in the female genital tract. In bivariate analyses, mental health improved over the three-month follow-up period. Immune biomarker levels remained largely stable, except for TNF-α and SLPI. At baseline, depression was significantly correlated with TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. In regression analyses, depression was associated with TNF-α (β = −0.133 to −0.152) and IL-6 (β = −0.171 to −0.207). PTSD was significantly associated with IL-1α (β = 0.576 to 1.681). Depression and resilience were negatively associated with percent HIV inhibition in adjusted models. These findings suggest that depression and PTSD are associated with genital tract inflammation following sexual violence, which may compromise mucosal immunity and enhance HIV risk. This highlights the importance of integrated mental health and immunological care for survivors and the need for further research into psychoneuroimmune pathways influencing HIV risk after trauma. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Viruses in the Reproductive Tract)

29 pages, 6574 KB

Open AccessArticle

Modeling Landslide Dam Breach Due to Overtopping and Seepage: Development and Model Evaluation

by Tianlong Zhao, Xiong Hu, Changjing Fu, Gangyong Song, Liucheng Su and Yuanyang Chu

Sustainability 2026, 18(2), 915; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18020915 (registering DOI) - 15 Jan 2026

Abstract

Landslide dams, typically composed of newly deposited, loose, and heterogeneous materials, are highly susceptible to failure induced by overtopping and seepage, particularly under extreme hydrological conditions. Accurate prediction of such breaching processes is essential for flood risk management and emergency response, yet existing [...] Read more.

Landslide dams, typically composed of newly deposited, loose, and heterogeneous materials, are highly susceptible to failure induced by overtopping and seepage, particularly under extreme hydrological conditions. Accurate prediction of such breaching processes is essential for flood risk management and emergency response, yet existing models generally consider only a single failure mechanism. This study develops a mathematical model to simulate landslide dam breaching under the coupled action of overtopping and seepage erosion. The model integrates surface erosion and internal erosion processes within a unified framework and employs a stable time-stepping numerical scheme. Application to three real-world landslide dam cases demonstrates that the model successfully reproduces key breaching characteristics across overtopping-only, seepage-only, and coupled erosion scenarios. The simulated breach hydrographs, reservoir water levels, and breach geometries show good agreement with field observations, with peak outflow and breach timing predicted with errors generally within approximately 5%. Sensitivity analysis further indicates that the model is robust to geometric uncertainties, as variations in breach outcomes remain smaller than the imposed parameter perturbations. These results confirm that explicitly accounting for the coupled interaction between overtopping and seepage significantly improves the representation of complex breaching processes. The proposed model therefore provides a reliable computational tool for analyzing landslide dam failures and supports more accurate hazard assessment under multi-mechanism erosion conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Hazards and Sustainability)

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19 pages, 2401 KB

Open AccessArticle

Better Late Than Never: Current Understanding of the Archaic Period in Central Belize

by W. James Stemp, Jaime J. Awe and Gabriel D. Wrobel

Heritage 2026, 9(1), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage9010031 (registering DOI) - 15 Jan 2026

Abstract

The Archaic period in the Maya lowlands of Mesoamerica emerged around 8000 BCE and likely lasted until about 1000 BCE; however, both the development and complex cultural adaptations representative of Archaic peoples present challenges for archaeologists. In central Belize, archaeological evidence for Archaic [...] Read more.

The Archaic period in the Maya lowlands of Mesoamerica emerged around 8000 BCE and likely lasted until about 1000 BCE; however, both the development and complex cultural adaptations representative of Archaic peoples present challenges for archaeologists. In central Belize, archaeological evidence for Archaic people is limited, especially when compared to northern and southern Belize. Nevertheless, our knowledge of Archaic lifestyles in this part of the world has substantially increased over the last twenty years or so. This paper reviews the current understanding of the Archaic period in central Belize based primarily on radiocarbon dates from stratigraphic excavations, diagnostic lithic artifacts, and both faunal and floral remains recovered from excavations, and compares these data to archaeological evidence from northern and southern Belize for regional contextualization and synthesis. Although some aspects of Archaic lifestyles in central Belize appear quite clear based on the available archaeological evidence, others remain elusive. More regional surveys to find sites and an increased number of excavations with datable stratigraphic contexts are needed to more accurately reconstruct the lives of the people who initially inhabited central Belize prior to the emergence of the first culturally recognizable Maya. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Archaeological Heritage)

20 pages, 8754 KB

Open AccessArticle

Landscape Pattern Evolution in the Source Region of the Chishui River

by Yanzhao Gong, Xiaotao Huang, Jiaojiao Li, Ju Zhao, Dianji Fu and Geping Luo

Sustainability 2026, 18(2), 914; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18020914 (registering DOI) - 15 Jan 2026

Abstract

Recognizing the evolution of landscape patterns in the Chishui River source region is essential for protecting ecosystems and sustainable growth in the Yangtze River Basin and other similar areas. However, knowledge of landscape pattern evolution within the primary channel zone remains insufficient. To [...] Read more.

Recognizing the evolution of landscape patterns in the Chishui River source region is essential for protecting ecosystems and sustainable growth in the Yangtze River Basin and other similar areas. However, knowledge of landscape pattern evolution within the primary channel zone remains insufficient. To address this gap, the current study used 2000–2020 land-use, geography, and socio-economic data, integrating landscape pattern indices, land-use transfer matrices, dynamic degree, the GeoDetector model, and the PLUS model. Results revealed that forest and cropland remained the prevailing land-use types throughout 2000–2020, comprising over 85% of the landscape. Grassland had the highest dynamic degree (1.58%), and landscape evolution during the study period was characterized by increased fragmentation, enhanced diversity, and stable dominance of major forms of land use. Anthropogenic influence on different landscape types followed the order: construction land > cropland > grassland > forest > water bodies. Land-use change in this region is a complex process governed by the interrelationships among various factors. Scenario-based predictions demonstrate pronounced variability in various land types. These findings provided a more comprehensive understanding of landscape patterns in karst river source regions, provided evidence-based support for regional planning, and offered guidance for ecological management of similar global river sources. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Hydrological Studies and Ecological Sustainability)

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15 pages, 1713 KB

Open AccessReview

Pulmonary Embolism in Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS)—Where Are We and Where Are We Going?

by Mateusz Lucki, Bogna Grygiel-Górniak, Ewa Lucka, Maciej Lesiak and Aleksander Araszkiewicz

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(2), 895; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27020895 (registering DOI) - 15 Jan 2026

Abstract

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is one of the most serious complications of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), a systemic autoimmune disorder defined by thrombotic events and persistent antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLA). PE occurs in 11–20% of patients and may constitute the initial clinical manifestation. Young and middle-aged [...] Read more.

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is one of the most serious complications of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), a systemic autoimmune disorder defined by thrombotic events and persistent antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLA). PE occurs in 11–20% of patients and may constitute the initial clinical manifestation. Young and middle-aged women are most frequently affected, and triple-positive aPLA profiles markedly increase the risk of recurrence and long-term morbidity, including chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). This review article summarizes current evidence on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic approach, and management of PE in APS. Key mechanisms include anti-β2-glycoprotein I-mediated endothelial and platelet activation, complement engagement, and neutrophil extracellular trap formation, resulting in immunothrombosis. Diagnostic pathways follow standard PE algorithms; however, chronically elevated D-dimer levels and lupus anticoagulant-related aPTT prolongation require careful interpretation and consideration. Long-term vitamin K antagonist therapy remains the standard of care, whereas direct oral anticoagulants are not recommended in high-risk APS. Future directions include improved risk stratification through detailed aPLA profiling and the use of emerging biomarkers, early screening for CTEPH, and the development of targeted therapies such as complement inhibition and anti-NETosis strategies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets in Cardiovascular Health and Cardiotoxicity)

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13 pages, 3245 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Multi-Scale Anatomical Wood Identification Approach Applied to Traditional Japanese Chord Instruments

by Flavio Ruffinatto, Simonetta Capetta, Aurora Canepari and Alan Crivellaro

Forests 2026, 17(1), 122; https://doi.org/10.3390/f17010122 (registering DOI) - 15 Jan 2026

Abstract

Accurate wood identification is fundamental to any study, conservation, or restoration activity involving cusltural heritage objects, including musical instruments. Here, we apply WoodScope, a structured, multi-scale and minimally invasive workflow for wood identification, to three traditional Japanese chord instruments, showing how a systematic [...] Read more.

Accurate wood identification is fundamental to any study, conservation, or restoration activity involving cusltural heritage objects, including musical instruments. Here, we apply WoodScope, a structured, multi-scale and minimally invasive workflow for wood identification, to three traditional Japanese chord instruments, showing how a systematic sequence of visual, macroscopic, and microscopic observations maximizes diagnostic accuracy while safeguarding object integrity. The results show that out of 39 wooden parts analysed, 38 were identified non-invasively. In one case, targeted micro-sampling was performed, based on macroscopic observation, to obtain additional information. Overall, our results confirm that most instrument components can be reliably identified at the genus level or, when diagnostic characters are insufficient, to broader anatomical groups, without the need for destructive sampling. Our study demonstrates the efficacy of the WoodScope approach to optimise wood identification outcomes while preserving the object’s integrity and confining micro-targeted sampling to instances where microscopic anatomical characters are indispensable for reliable taxonomic identification and cannot be evaluated non-invasively. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Wood Anatomy: From Species Identification to Ecological and Technological Insights)

14 pages, 488 KB

Open AccessArticle

Perfectionism Mediates the Relationship Between Parental Expectations and Adolescent Depressive Symptoms

by Tolulope S. Aworefa and Kathryn L. Fletcher

Behav. Sci. 2026, 16(1), 125; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs16010125 (registering DOI) - 15 Jan 2026

Abstract

A significant body of research worldwide has examined how parents who set high expectations may increase adolescents’ risk of developing perfectionistic traits. However, studies exploring this relationship in the Global South are almost nonexistent. This study investigated how adolescents perceived parental expectations related [...] Read more.

A significant body of research worldwide has examined how parents who set high expectations may increase adolescents’ risk of developing perfectionistic traits. However, studies exploring this relationship in the Global South are almost nonexistent. This study investigated how adolescents perceived parental expectations related to perfectionism and depressive symptoms among Nigerian adolescents. Participants completed the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS), the Living Up to Parental Expectation Scale—Academic (LPE), and Beck’s Depression Inventory. Parental academic expectations were positively associated with personal standards and concern over mistakes, but parental expectations were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. Further analysis revealed that personal standards fully mediated the negative relationship between parental academic expectations on adolescents’ depressive symptoms. In contrast, concern over mistakes partially mediated the relationship between parental academic expectations and depressive symptoms. In contrast to previous research, parental academic expectations were associated with fewer depressive symptoms among Nigerian adolescents through indirect relationships with perfectionistic traits. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Global Mental Health Trends)

16 pages, 687 KB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Neurorehabilitation-Based Movement Representation Techniques in the Management of Craniocervical and Orofacial Pain: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

by Alberto García-Alonso, Luis Polo-Ferrero, Ana Silvia Puente-González, Tamara Manso-Hierro, Marta Beatriz Carrera-Villegas and Roberto Méndez-Sánchez

Life 2026, 16(1), 145; https://doi.org/10.3390/life16010145 (registering DOI) - 15 Jan 2026

Abstract

Background: Craniocervical pain and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are prevalent, interconnected conditions. While Movement Representation Techniques (MRTs) are cognitive interventions targeting central pain mechanisms, their specific efficacy here lacks synthesis. This study systematically analyzes the effectiveness of MRTs, such as motor imagery (MI) and [...] Read more.

Background: Craniocervical pain and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are prevalent, interconnected conditions. While Movement Representation Techniques (MRTs) are cognitive interventions targeting central pain mechanisms, their specific efficacy here lacks synthesis. This study systematically analyzes the effectiveness of MRTs, such as motor imagery (MI) and action observation (AO), on pain and function in individuals with craniocervical and orofacial pain. Methods: A systematic review of RCTs (PROSPERO: CRD420251155428) was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Four databases were searched for studies applying MRTs (MI, AO, laterality discrimination) to adults with craniocervical or orofacial pain. Primary outcomes were pain and functionality. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale and Cochrane RoB 2 tool. Results: Eight RCTs (n = 362) were included. Methodological quality was high (PEDro scores 8–9). MRTs significantly increased Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT) in the masseter, trapezius, and cervical regions. Functional improvements included enhanced cervical range of motion and sensorimotor control. AO consistently demonstrated superior outcomes. However, results for orofacial variables were derived from asymptomatic subjects. Results for cervical muscle strength were inconsistent. Conclusions: MRTs, especially AO, show potential to reduce pain and improve function in craniocervical disorders. Evidence in symptomatic orofacial pain populations is non-existent. Protocol heterogeneity and limited research groups necessitate further high-quality, multicenter RCTs to establish robust clinical guidelines. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation: Trends and Applications—4th Edition)

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15 pages, 1410 KB

Open AccessArticle

Phomopsin-A and Quinolizidine Alkaloids Concentrations in Lupinus albus Seeds: Effect of Aqueous and Gaseous Ozone Application

by Francesco Buccioni, Chiara Rossi, Annalisa Serio, Sara Palmieri, Fabiola Eugelio and Antonello Paparella

Foods 2026, 15(2), 326; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15020326 (registering DOI) - 15 Jan 2026

Abstract

Recent studies on novel protein sources unveiled lupins as a promising substitute for meat consumption. However, lupin cultivation and processing include significant safety concerns, such as quinolizidine alkaloids (QAs) and the possible growth of toxigenic fungi as Diaporthe toxica, which produces the [...] Read more.

Recent studies on novel protein sources unveiled lupins as a promising substitute for meat consumption. However, lupin cultivation and processing include significant safety concerns, such as quinolizidine alkaloids (QAs) and the possible growth of toxigenic fungi as Diaporthe toxica, which produces the mycotoxin phomopsin-A (PHO-A). Therefore, this study aims to assess the influence of gaseous and aqueous ozone on lupin beans as environmentally sustainable methods for detoxifying QAs and PHO-A mycotoxins, thereby addressing both these safety challenges. Three distinct aqueous and gaseous ozone treatments (4, 6, and 8 h, at 7.00 ppm O₃ concentration) were applied on lupin seeds inoculated with D. toxica DSM 1894. A good effectiveness of aqueous O₃ in the reduction in PHO-A (about 20%) was demonstrated, independently of the treatment duration, along with the reduction in some QAs typically encountered in lupin. Additionally, a significant reduction in D. toxica count was observed after 4 h treatment with aqueous O₃. In contrast, results for gaseous O₃ treatments did not show any significant effectiveness on either PHO-A or QAs. Conversely, none of the treatments applied significantly affected lupin color. In conclusion, aqueous ozone treatment demonstrated significant potential for the reduction in PHO-A and QAs, and the insights acquired from this work may aid in mitigating the dangers associated with lupin intake. Nevertheless, additional research is required to cover current knowledge gaps. Specifically, toxicological assays on PHO-A degradation by-products or O₃ combination with other hurdles is required to enhance treatments and preserve lupins’ nutrients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Food Microbiology)

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17 pages, 697 KB

Open AccessArticle

Experiences of Minibus Taxi Drivers in Transporting People with Disabilities in Rural Areas of South Africa

by Babra Duri

Disabilities 2026, 6(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/disabilities6010009 (registering DOI) - 15 Jan 2026

Abstract

Rural transport remains a critical factor of social inclusion in South Africa, particularly for people with disabilities who rely on public transport. This study explores the experiences of minibus taxi drivers in transporting passengers with disabilities in Mt Elias, a rural community in [...] Read more.

Rural transport remains a critical factor of social inclusion in South Africa, particularly for people with disabilities who rely on public transport. This study explores the experiences of minibus taxi drivers in transporting passengers with disabilities in Mt Elias, a rural community in the KwaZulu-Natal province. A qualitative research design was adopted, involving semi-structured interviews with 15 drivers operating between Dalton and Mt Elias route. Thematic analysis was conducted using ATLAS.ti to identify key patterns and relationships across the dataset. The four key themes that emerged from the dataset are: infrastructure and environmental challenges, accessibility and support for passengers, operational and economic constraints, and human interactions and attitudes. Findings reveal that drivers face multiple barriers, including poor road conditions, limited vehicle space, and a lack of formal training, yet many demonstrate empathy and commitment to assisting passengers with disabilities. The study highlights the need for targeted policy interventions to improve road infrastructure, provide disability awareness training for drivers, and redesign vehicles for accessibility. Promoting inclusive rural transport requires coordinated action among government spheres, taxi associations, and disability advocacy groups. This research contributes new insights into the lived realities of rural drivers and promotes the importance of inclusive mobility as a component of social justice. Full article

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19 pages, 4865 KB

Open AccessArticle

Targeting AKT via SC79 for Photoreceptor Preservation in Retinitis Pigmentosa Mouse Models

by Alicia A. Brunet, Kate Gilbert, Annie L. Miller, Rebekah E. James, Xin Ru Lim, Alan R. Harvey and Livia S. Carvalho

Biomedicines 2026, 14(1), 195; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines14010195 (registering DOI) - 15 Jan 2026

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Retinitis pigmentosa is a degenerative retinal disease and a major cause of inherited blindness globally. The pro-survival kinase AKT is downregulated in degenerating photoreceptors in retinitis pigmentosa, and its activation has shown neuroprotective effects in retinitis pigmentosa and other neurodegenerative disorders. [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Retinitis pigmentosa is a degenerative retinal disease and a major cause of inherited blindness globally. The pro-survival kinase AKT is downregulated in degenerating photoreceptors in retinitis pigmentosa, and its activation has shown neuroprotective effects in retinitis pigmentosa and other neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of SC79, a pharmaceutical AKT activator, in two mouse models of retinitis pigmentosa, rd1.GFP and RhoP23H.GFP. Methods: SC79 was administered intravitreally at postnatal day 12 (P12) and analysis was conducted at P16. Results: SC79 at 10 µM was well tolerated in wildtype mice, with no reduction in retinal function or thickness. In rd1.GFP mice, SC79 partially preserved peripheral outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness, improved rod photoreceptor-driven optomotor contrast sensitivity responses, and improved cone photoreceptor morphology. Immunohistochemistry of retinal sections indicated AKT-related protein expression changes in both sham and SC79-treated rd1.GFP retinas, with sham injections leading to decreases in this pathway and SC79 injections restoring this back to uninjected protein levels or higher, indicating the damage from intravitreal injections can induce AKT-related protein expression changes. In RhoP23H.GFP mice, changes to the visual response from the therapeutic effects of SC79 were not detectable. An increased dosage of SC79 at 100 µM was evaluated in wildtype mice and showed no major toxic effects, although it did not confer neuroprotective benefits in either disease model. Conclusions: These results demonstrate the potential therapeutic effect of AKT pathway modulation for preserving photoreceptors in recessive retinitis pigmentosa, with further optimisation of treatment delivery required. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Neurobiology and Clinical Neuroscience)

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24 pages, 4131 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Novel SRAM In-Memory Computing Accelerator Design Approach with R2R-Ladder for AI Sensors and Eddy Current Testing

by Kevin Becker, Martin Zimmerling, Matthias Landwehr, Dirk Koster, Hans-Georg Herrmann and Wolf-Joachim Fischer

AI Sens. 2026, 2(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/aisens2010002 (registering DOI) - 15 Jan 2026

Abstract

This work presents a 6T-SRAM-based in-memory computing (IMC) system fabricated in a 180 nm CMOS technology. A total of 128 integrated polysilicon R2R-DACs for fully analog wordline control and performance analysis are integrated into the system. The proposed architecture enables analog computation directly [...] Read more.

This work presents a 6T-SRAM-based in-memory computing (IMC) system fabricated in a 180 nm CMOS technology. A total of 128 integrated polysilicon R2R-DACs for fully analog wordline control and performance analysis are integrated into the system. The proposed architecture enables analog computation directly inside the memory array and introduces a compact 1-bit per-column comparator scheme for energy-efficient classification without requiring ADCs. A dedicated pull-down-dominant SRAM sizing and an analog activation scheme ensure stable analog discharge behavior and precise control of the computation through time-dependent bitline dynamics. The system integrates a complete sensor front-end, which allows real eddy current data to be classified directly on-chip. Measurements demonstrate a performance density of 3.2 TOPS/mm², a simulated energy efficiency of 45 TOPS/W at 50 MHz, and a measured efficiency of 3.4 TOPS/W at 5 MHz on silicon. The implemented online training mechanism further improves classification accuracy by adapting the SRAM cell states during operation. These results highlight the suitability of the presented IMC architecture for compact, low-power edge intelligence and sensor-driven machine learning applications. Full article

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20 pages, 2766 KB

Open AccessArticle

Simultaneous ManNAc and Neu5Ac Quantification in Human Sera by LC-MS/MS

by Gerardo N. Guerrero-Flores, Fabio J. Pacheco, Veronica L. Martinez Marignac, Christopher C. Perry, Guangyu Zhang, Martin L. Mayta, Josef Voglmeir, Li Liu, Gary E. Fraser, Fayth M. Butler and Danilo S. Boskovic

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(2), 894; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27020894 (registering DOI) - 15 Jan 2026

Abstract

N-Acetyl-D-mannosamine (ManNAc) and N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) are important components of glycosylation, affecting numerous physiologic processes. The effects of age, body mass index (BMI), race, or sex on serum levels of ManNAc and Neu5Ac are poorly understood. However, these associations are of substantial interest. [...] Read more.

N-Acetyl-D-mannosamine (ManNAc) and N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) are important components of glycosylation, affecting numerous physiologic processes. The effects of age, body mass index (BMI), race, or sex on serum levels of ManNAc and Neu5Ac are poorly understood. However, these associations are of substantial interest. Simultaneous quantification of ManNAc and Neu5Ac, using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), was developed and validated for human serum samples. This method has high sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility, with limits of detection as low as 1.02 ng/mL for ManNAc or 1.14 ng/mL for Neu5Ac. A set of 155 serum samples from the Adventist Health Study 2 (AHS-2) cohort was analyzed. Concentrations of conjugated Neu5Ac were 35.1 ± 9.4 µg/mL and 33.0 ± 9.5 µg/mL in black and white participants, respectively. Conjugated and total Neu5Ac levels were significantly higher in women, with p-values of 0.029 and 0.026, respectively. The free forms of Neu5Ac were 594 ± 421 ng/mL and 439 ± 168 ng/mL in black and white participants, respectively. Similarly, conjugated and total ManNAc levels were higher in black participants, at 1.81 ± 0.81 µg/mL and 1.90 ± 0.83 µg/mL, compared to 1.32 ± 0.52 µg/mL and 1.41 ± 0.53 µg/mL in white participants (both cases, p < 0.001). Free ManNAc was 93.1 ± 36.2 ng/mL in black and 89 ± 20.2 ng/mL in white participants. Subjects with higher BMI tend to have higher free ManNAc (p = 0.041). Furthermore, older subjects tend to have higher free (p ≤ 0.001) and total (p = 0.045) ManNAc. The improved LC-MS/MS quantification method should facilitate further investigations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Biochemistry)

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49 pages, 1789 KB

Open AccessReview

Pathways to Net Zero and Climate Resilience in Existing Australian Office Buildings: A Systematic Review

by Darren Kelly, Akhtar Kalam and Shasha Wang

Buildings 2026, 16(2), 373; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16020373 (registering DOI) - 15 Jan 2026

Abstract

Existing office buildings in Australia contribute to 24% of the nation’s electricity consumption and 10% of greenhouse gas emissions, with energy use projected to rise by 84%. Meeting the 2050 sustainability target and United Nations (UN) 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) requires improving [...] Read more.

Existing office buildings in Australia contribute to 24% of the nation’s electricity consumption and 10% of greenhouse gas emissions, with energy use projected to rise by 84%. Meeting the 2050 sustainability target and United Nations (UN) 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) requires improving sustainability within existing office buildings. This systematic review examines net zero energy and climate resilience strategies in these buildings by analysing 74 studies from scholarly literature, government reports, and industry publications. The literature search was conducted across Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases, with the final search in early 2025. Studies were selected based on keywords and research parameters. A narrative synthesis identified key technologies, evaluating the integration of net zero principles with climate resilience to enhance energy efficiency through HVAC modifications. Technologies like heat pumps, energy recovery ventilators, thermal energy storage, and phase change materials (PCMs) have been identified as crucial in reducing HVAC energy usage intensity (EUI). Lighting control and plug load management advancements are examined for reducing electricity demand. This review highlights the gap between academic research and practical applications, emphasising the need for comprehensive field studies to provide long-term performance data. Current regulatory frameworks influencing the net zero transition are discussed, with recommendations for policy actions and future research. This study links net zero performance with climate adaptation objectives for existing office buildings and provides recommendations for future research, retrofit planning, and policy development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Resilient Buildings: 2nd Edition)

26 pages, 2087 KB

Open AccessArticle

Multiphysics Modelling Flow Disturbance Optimization of Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis Under Bubble Effects

by Chengming Du, Bo Huang, Ziqing Wang, Luhaibo Zhao, Haibo Wu, Shen Xu, Guoliang Wang and Zhiyong Tang

Energies 2026, 19(2), 437; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19020437 (registering DOI) - 15 Jan 2026

Abstract

In Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis (PEMWE), the two-phase flow distribution in the anode field significantly affects overall electrolysis performance. Based on visualized experimental data, in this paper, the reaction kinetics equations were theoretically revised, and a three-dimensional, two-phase, non-isothermal, multi-physics coupled model [...] Read more.

In Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis (PEMWE), the two-phase flow distribution in the anode field significantly affects overall electrolysis performance. Based on visualized experimental data, in this paper, the reaction kinetics equations were theoretically revised, and a three-dimensional, two-phase, non-isothermal, multi-physics coupled model of the electrolysis was developed and experimentally validated. Four different configurations of rectangular turbulence promoters were designed within the anode serpentine flow field and compared with a conventional serpentine flow field (SFF) in terms of their multi-physics distribution characteristics. The results showed that, in the double-row rectangular block serpentine flow field (DRB SFF), the uniformity of liquid water saturation, temperature, and current density improved by 16.6%, 0.49% and 40.8%, respectively. The normal mass transfer coefficient increased by a factor of 6.3, and polarization performance improved by 6.98%. A cross-arranged turbulence promoter structure was further proposed. This design maintains effective turbulence while reducing flow resistance and pressure drop, thereby enhancing mass transfer efficiency and overall electrolysis performance through improved bubble fragmentation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in the Production and Application Technologies of Green Hydrogen Energy)

23 pages, 5085 KB

Open AccessArticle

Carbon Reduction Benefits and Economic Performance Analysis of Lattice Structural Systems Utilizing Small-Diameter Round Timber as the Primary Material

by Ying Wu, Jianmei Wu, Hongpeng Xu, Jiayi Li and Yuncheng Ji

Buildings 2026, 16(2), 372; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16020372 (registering DOI) - 15 Jan 2026

Abstract

To address the imbalance between the “ecological advantage” and “economic benefit” of wooden structure buildings, this study examines two structural construction methods utilizing inexpensive and readily available small-diameter round timber as the primary material. It demonstrates the advantages of these two structural systems [...] Read more.

To address the imbalance between the “ecological advantage” and “economic benefit” of wooden structure buildings, this study examines two structural construction methods utilizing inexpensive and readily available small-diameter round timber as the primary material. It demonstrates the advantages of these two structural systems in terms of material consumption, life cycle carbon emissions, and economic efficiency. Through the research methods and processes of “Preliminary analysis–Proposing the construction system–The feasibility analysis of structural technology–Efficiency assessment”, the sustainable wood structure technical system suitable for the development of China is explored. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Employing the preliminary analysis method, this paper examines and analyzes construction cases that primarily utilize small-diameter round timber as the main material. It delineates specific construction types based on the characteristics of small-diameter round timber. Additionally, it technically reconstructs the methodology for utilizing small-diameter round timber. (2) Two lattice structural systems are proposed, leveraging the mechanical properties and fundamental morphological characteristics of inexpensive and readily available small-diameter round timber of fast-growing Northeast larch. The technical feasibility of these two small-diameter log structure systems is validated through simulation analysis of their spatial threshold suitability. (3) This study conducted a comprehensive comparison between the two small-diameter round timber structural systems and the conventional grain-parallel glued laminated timber (Cross-Laminated Timber) frame structural systems. The analysis was performed from three perspectives. As the primary structural material, grain-parallel glued laminated timber frame structural systems exhibits significant advantages in terms of timber utilization per unit area of the structural system. From a life cycle carbon emission analysis perspective, compared to grain-parallel glued laminated timber frame structures, small-diameter round timber structures can achieve carbon emission reductions ranging from 79.19% to 97.74%. Additionally, the unit area cost of small-diameter round timber structures is reduced by 21.02% to 40.42% relative to grain-parallel glued laminated timber frame structures. Consequently, it can be concluded that small-diameter round timber structural systems possess technical feasibility and construction advantages for small and medium-sized buildings, offering practical value in optimizing technical systems to meet the objective needs of ecological construction. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Architectural Design, Urban Science, and Real Estate)

18 pages, 804 KB

Open AccessArticle

New Fractional Hermite–Hadamard-Type Inequalities for Caputo Derivative and MET-(p,s)-Convex Functions with Applications

by Muhammad Sajid Zahoor, Amjad Hussain and Yuanheng Wang

Fractal Fract. 2026, 10(1), 62; https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract10010062 (registering DOI) - 15 Jan 2026

Abstract

This article investigates fractional Hermite–Hadamard integral inequalities through the framework of Caputo fractional derivatives and MET-

(p, s)

-convex functions. In particular, we introduce new modifications to two classical fractional extensions of Hermite–Hadamard-type inequalities, formulated for both MET- [...] Read more.

This article investigates fractional Hermite–Hadamard integral inequalities through the framework of Caputo fractional derivatives and MET-

(p, s)

-convex functions. In particular, we introduce new modifications to two classical fractional extensions of Hermite–Hadamard-type inequalities, formulated for both MET-

(p, s)

-convex functions and logarithmic

(p, s)

-convex functions. Moreover, we obtain enhancements of inequalities like the Hermite–Hadamard, midpoint, and Fejér types for two extended convex functions by employing the Caputo fractional derivative. The research presents a numerical example with graphical representations to confirm the correctness of the obtained results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Fractional Integral Inequalities: Theory and Applications)

15 pages, 1785 KB

Open AccessArticle

RNAi Identified the Potential Functions of Actin-like Protein in the Growth Performance of Macrobrachium nipponense

by Shubo Jin, Jinyu Lin, Hongtuo Fu, Yiwei Xiong, Hui Qiao, Wenyi Zhang and Sufei Jiang

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(2), 893; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27020893 (registering DOI) - 15 Jan 2026

Abstract

Macrobrachium nipponense is an important commercial freshwater prawn species in China. Since larger individuals command higher market value, there is a pressing need to identify growth-related genes and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to facilitate genetic improvement in this species. Previous studies have suggested a [...] Read more.

Macrobrachium nipponense is an important commercial freshwater prawn species in China. Since larger individuals command higher market value, there is a pressing need to identify growth-related genes and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to facilitate genetic improvement in this species. Previous studies have suggested a potentially regulatory role of an actin-like protein (ACTL) in the growth of M. nipponense. Therefore, the present study aimed to functionally characterize the role of ACTL in growth and identify growth-associated SNPs within this gene. The open reading frame of Mn-ACTL is 1131 bp, encoding a protein with 377 amino acids. Blastx and phylogenetic analyses indicated that Mn-ACTL shares a close evolutionary relationship with orthologs from Macrobrachium rosenbergii and Palaemon carinicauda. The highest expression level of Mn-ACTL in muscle tissue detected by qPCR suggested its potential involvement in growth regulation. RNA interference experiments showed that prawns injected with dsGFP exhibited larger body sizes than those injected with dsACTL, indicating that knockdown of Mn-ACTL expression inhibits growth performance in M. nipponense. Furthermore, muscle tissue from the dsACTL-injected group displayed looser myofibril packing, visibly eroded areas, and increased sarcomere spacing. Collectively, these results demonstrated that ACTL positively regulates growth in M. nipponense. Additionally, the T allele at locus S28_17149891 and the G allele at locus S28_17145758 were significantly associated with growth traits (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this study confirmed the positive regulatory role of ACTL in growth and identified growth-associated SNPs in M. nipponense, providing valuable insights for breeding new varieties with enhanced growth performance in this species. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Genetics and Genomics)

25 pages, 701 KB

Open AccessReview

Effective Non-Invasive Delivery of Epigenetic Drugs Using Functionalized Accessory Unit Conjugates

by Toshihiko Tashima

Pharmaceutics 2026, 18(1), 115; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics18010115 (registering DOI) - 15 Jan 2026

Abstract

Epigenetics involves heritable changes in gene expression—such as DNA methylation (5-methylcytosine; 5mC), histone modifications, and regulation by non-coding RNAs at the mRNA translation level—without altering the underlying DNA sequence. As targeting these mechanisms enables intervention at the root cause of disease rather than [...] Read more.

Epigenetics involves heritable changes in gene expression—such as DNA methylation (5-methylcytosine; 5mC), histone modifications, and regulation by non-coding RNAs at the mRNA translation level—without altering the underlying DNA sequence. As targeting these mechanisms enables intervention at the root cause of disease rather than the symptoms alone, epigenetics has become a rapidly advancing field in pharmaceutical sciences. Various epigenetic modulators, including histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, histone acetyltransferase (HAT) inhibitors, DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors, and microRNAs (miRNAs), have been developed, and some have already been approved for cancer therapy. However, these agents often face significant challenges such as poor membrane permeability, enzymatic instability, and suboptimal biodistribution. Incorporating functionalized accessory units—serving as vectors (e.g., transporter recognition units, cell-penetrating peptides, tumor-homing peptides, monoclonal antibodies) or as carriers (e.g., monoclonal antibodies, nanoparticles)—into epigenetic modulators may help overcome these delivery barriers. In this narrative review, I discuss the potential and advantages of effective non-invasive delivery of epigenetic drugs using such functionalized accessory unit conjugates. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Drug Delivery in Epigenetic Therapy)

21 pages, 1594 KB

Open AccessArticle

Pretty Vacant or Pretty Smart? Overcoming Educational Disadvantage in Language Education Through the Arts

by Mark Hyde

Educ. Sci. 2026, 16(1), 135; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci16010135 (registering DOI) - 15 Jan 2026

Abstract

The phenomenon of underachievement of working-class young people in the English education system reveals long-standing prejudices surrounding English language development. This article reports the findings of a small-scale, qualitative study exploring the power of aesthetic experience in supporting the acquisition and development of [...] Read more.

The phenomenon of underachievement of working-class young people in the English education system reveals long-standing prejudices surrounding English language development. This article reports the findings of a small-scale, qualitative study exploring the power of aesthetic experience in supporting the acquisition and development of the English language in a Further Education (FE) college in England. Findings provide evidence of how engagement with aesthetic experiences enables learners to access new ways of thinking and relate to new and complex ideas and concepts that may once have seemed beyond their reach. Findings also suggest that experimentation with various forms of art, as sources of inspiration, impacts confidence, engagement, and the learners’ experience of education in profound ways. This study challenges hierarchical and class-based socio-political forces which elevate one form of language or expression above another on the grounds that this can cause serious damage to the confidence and self-esteem of learners from lower socio-economic groups. With reference to data from the study and the works of Gadamer, Bernstein, and Dewey, the article concludes that pedagogic engagement through aesthetic experiences in FE can help learners from lower socio-economic groups access their Pedagogic Rights, to which they have been previously denied. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Harmonizing Vocational Education and the Arts: Exploring the Role of Aesthetic Experience in Conceptual Development)

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