MDPI - Publisher of Open Access Journals

25 pages, 21031 KB

Open AccessArticle

Highly Efficient Deep Learning-Enabled Parameterization and 3D Reconstruction of Traditional Chinese Roof Structures

by Ruisi Ou, Fan Yang, Lili Li, Liyu Cheng, Lile Qian, Ye He, Mingliang Che and Chi Zhang

Sensors 2026, 26(3), 1054; https://doi.org/10.3390/s26031054 (registering DOI) - 5 Feb 2026

Abstract

Ancient Chinese architecture, with its typical symmetrical structures, curved roofs, and upturned eaves presenting a unique architectural aesthetic, is a treasure of Chinese culture. Recently, unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photogrammetry and laser scanning technology have greatly facilitated the realistic replication of ancient buildings [...] Read more.

Ancient Chinese architecture, with its typical symmetrical structures, curved roofs, and upturned eaves presenting a unique architectural aesthetic, is a treasure of Chinese culture. Recently, unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photogrammetry and laser scanning technology have greatly facilitated the realistic replication of ancient buildings and have become crucial data sources for the HBIM of ancient buildings. However, parameter extraction and geometric model representation are more difficult because of the curved surfaces and upturned eaves of traditional Chinese roofs. As symmetrical features are typical of ancient Chinese architecture, the parameter quantity and modelling difficulty of the model representation can be effectively reduced by recognizing the symmetrical structure of traditional Chinese roofs and using “mirror replication” to quickly generate the other half of the model. Accurate symmetry detection and highly efficient parameter extraction are crucial for the HBIM of traditional Chinese roofs. Therefore, in this study, a deep learning network, namely, TCRSym-Net, is proposed to identify the symmetry from point clouds of traditional Chinese roofs. Each roof point cloud is then relocated and reoriented to obtain longitudinal and cross sections, and parametric modelling scripts are coded in Dynamo to model traditional Chinese roofs via curve lofting and solid Boolean operations. The experimental results reveal that the symmetry detection network is effective for symmetry detection, and five different types of traditional Chinese roofs are successfully recreated, which confirms the dependability of the method. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic 3D Documentation of Natural and Cultural Heritage)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 1488 KB

Open AccessArticle

Optimizing SPS-Processed Pure Tantalum: Effects of Temperature, Pressure, and Time

by Hui Huang, Chen Gong, Shihai Miao, Jiaqi Zhang, Yu Zhang, Xia Liu, Ying Li, Yibo Wei and Yafei Pan

Materials 2026, 19(3), 621; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19030621 (registering DOI) - 5 Feb 2026

Abstract

Pure tantalum (Ta) is widely used in applications such as capacitors and semiconductor coatings due to its high melting point, excellent corrosion resistance, and good biocompatibility. In this study, spark plasma sintering (SPS) technology has been employed to successfully prepare high-density, fine-grained pure [...] Read more.

Pure tantalum (Ta) is widely used in applications such as capacitors and semiconductor coatings due to its high melting point, excellent corrosion resistance, and good biocompatibility. In this study, spark plasma sintering (SPS) technology has been employed to successfully prepare high-density, fine-grained pure Ta through systematic optimization of sintering temperature, pressure, and holding time. The results indicate that sintering temperature plays a predominant role on the densification behavior. Increasing the sintering pressure and prolonging the holding time also contribute to further enhancing the densification. Under the process conditions of 1450 °C, 40 MPa, and a holding time of 10 min, the relative density of the sample reaches 98.7%. Microstructural analysis reveals that the sintering process of pure Ta can be divided into two main stages: densification-dominated and grain growth-dominated. When the relative density exceeds a threshold value (approximately 96% in this study), the grain size increases rapidly from 4.43 μm to 28.87 μm. This grain coarsening leads to a transition in the fracture mechanism from a mixed mode of intergranular and cleavage fractures to completely intergranular fracture, which significantly reduces the bending strength and plastic deformation capacity of the material. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Entropy Alloys, Refractory Materials and Advanced Metallic Materials: Mechanical Properties and Applications)

32 pages, 1419 KB

Open AccessArticle

Sustainable Use Intention of Text-to-Image Generative AI in Higher Education: An S–O–R Model with Parallel Trust and Risk Pathways

by Buling Xia, Yaoxi Lei, Yuexin Hu, Xuran Zhu and Jibin Zhang

Sustainability 2026, 18(3), 1657; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18031657 (registering DOI) - 5 Feb 2026

Abstract

In light of the rapid adoption of text-to-image (T2I) tools in higher education, this study develops a stimulus–organism–response (S-O-R) model to explain the sustainable and responsible use intentions of text-to-image generative AI tools in higher education. Focusing on both university students and faculty, [...] Read more.

In light of the rapid adoption of text-to-image (T2I) tools in higher education, this study develops a stimulus–organism–response (S-O-R) model to explain the sustainable and responsible use intentions of text-to-image generative AI tools in higher education. Focusing on both university students and faculty, the model conceptualizes perceptions of ease of use, information quality, and ethical awareness as external stimuli; technology- and ethics-related anxiety as internal emotional states; and algorithmic trust, perceived risk, and sustainable use intention as behavioral evaluations and responses. Grounded in the Stimulus–Organism–Response (S–O–R) framework, we integrate the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Technology Threat Avoidance Theory (TTAT), and the DeLone–McLean (D&M) model to propose a layered mechanism, with personal innovativeness serving as a moderator. Utilizing 807 valid survey responses, we employed structural equation modeling and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis. The results reveal that (1) the overall chain is supported: perceived ease of use, information quality, and ethical awareness primarily influence sustainable use intention indirectly through anxiety, trust, and risk; (2) although higher usability and quality do not alleviate anxiety, they coexist within a complex pattern of trust amid anxiety; and (3) high levels of personal innovativeness diminish the linear effects of trust and risk on intention. Configurational evidence further indicates multiple pathways leading to high sustainable intention, whereas low intention is typically characterized by uniformly low perceptions, emotions, evaluations, and innovativeness. By framing sustainable adoption through a coupled trust–risk–anxiety lens, this study extends the understanding of generative AI use in education and offers actionable implications for promoting responsible and sustainable practices in universities. Full article

16 pages, 552 KB

Open AccessArticle

LOw-Dose RAbeprazole Therapy for Reducing Gastrointestinal Events in Patients with High Bleeding Risk (LORA-HBR): A Prospective, Multicenter, Interventional Study

by Dong Oh Kang, Cheol Ung Choi, Jang Hoon Lee, Young Joon Hong, Jung-Sun Kim, Han Cheol Lee, Jay Young Rhew, Jang Hyun Cho and Weon Kim

J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(3), 1289; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15031289 (registering DOI) - 5 Feb 2026

Abstract

Background: The widespread use of antithrombotic therapies increases bleeding risk, particularly in patients with a high bleeding risk (HBR). Although proton pump inhibitors are recommended for lowering the risk of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) bleeding, the optimal agent and dosage remain uncertain. This study [...] Read more.

Background: The widespread use of antithrombotic therapies increases bleeding risk, particularly in patients with a high bleeding risk (HBR). Although proton pump inhibitors are recommended for lowering the risk of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) bleeding, the optimal agent and dosage remain uncertain. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of low-dose rabeprazole (LORA, 5 mg) in reducing the incidence of GI-related adverse events in HBR patients receiving chronic antithrombotic therapy. Methods: This was a prospective, multicenter, interventional study that enrolled 909 South Korean patients receiving long-term antithrombotic therapy with HBR features including age ≥70 years, dual antiplatelet therapy, combined antithrombotic regimens, and prior GI bleeding. The primary endpoint was the incidence of significant GI events, including overt/occult bleeding and symptomatic peptic ulcer disease (PUD). Secondary endpoints included study drug discontinuation owing to GI adverse events, composite cardiovascular events, and all-cause mortality. Results: No patients had significant UGI bleeding or symptomatic PUD. The median adherence rate was 92.0% (interquartile range [IQR], 87.0–95.0). Drug discontinuation owing to GI symptoms occurred in 32 patients (3.52%) at a median of 81 days (IQR, 36–119 days). GI-related adverse events were reported in 3.96%, with diarrhea, epigastric discomfort, and constipation being the most common. Non-GI bleeding and cardiovascular composite events occurred in 0.33% (n = 3) each, with all-cause mortality at 0.55% (n = 5). Conclusions: Low-dose rabeprazole was associated with reduced GI complications in patients receiving chronic antithrombotic therapy, with a favorable safety profile and high adherence. Further studies with larger and broader populations are required to confirm these findings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Clinical Treatments and Challenges for Cardiovascular Diseases)

20 pages, 2170 KB

Open AccessArticle

Study on the Characteristics and Mechanisms of Drilling Fluid Loss in Kuqa, Tarim Oilfield

by Jinzhi Zhu, Hongjun Liang, Chengli Li, Guochuan Qin, Shaojun Zhang, Aisheng Sun and Dan Bao

Processes 2026, 14(3), 566; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14030566 (registering DOI) - 5 Feb 2026

Abstract

Frequent drilling fluid lost circulation in the Kuqa foreland area of the Tarim Oilfield severely constrains drilling efficiency and safety. The complex formation structures and diverse lost circulation types in this region are compounded by a lack of systematic classification in existing studies [...] Read more.

Frequent drilling fluid lost circulation in the Kuqa foreland area of the Tarim Oilfield severely constrains drilling efficiency and safety. The complex formation structures and diverse lost circulation types in this region are compounded by a lack of systematic classification in existing studies and weak correlation between mechanism analysis and field plugging measures, leading to a deficiency in quantitative decision-making for lost circulation prevention and control. Based on lithology analysis, loss zone pressure differential calculation, well log interpretation, and core observations, this study establishes an integrated “formation–lithology–pressure” diagnostic and classification method for lost circulation. A systematic classification framework comprising five types of lost circulation channels and mechanisms was developed. Based on this, the dominant lost circulation types and characteristics of three typical vertical formations in the Kuqa foreland were clarified: ① The supra-salt sandy conglomerate formations (e.g., Q1x, N2k) are dominated by permeability loss, where the loss rate (V) and bottomhole pressure differential (ΔP) exhibit a strong positive correlation (V ∝ ΔP). On-site application of graded bridging plugging formulations achieved a first-attempt success rate of ≥90%. ② The salt–gypsum formations (E1-2km) are primarily characterized by induced fracture loss, with a weak correlation between V and ΔP and dynamic fracture opening/closing behavior. Conventional rigid plugging materials showed limited effectiveness, resulting in a first-attempt success rate of <50%. ③ The K1bs formation is dominated by vertically developed natural fracture loss, where V and ΔP also demonstrate a strong positive correlation. In a specific Keshen block, a power-law relationship between the fracture aperture (W) and loss rate was established (W = 0.26·V^0.62, R² = 0.98), providing a basis for predicting fracture aperture and optimizing plugging formulations, with a plugging success rate of ≥80%. The classification system and quantitative criteria developed in this study effectively link lost circulation mechanisms, dynamic characteristics, and engineering countermeasures, offering theoretical support and a decision-making framework for optimizing lost circulation prevention and control measures and improving success rates in the Kuqa foreland area. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmentally Friendly Production of Energy from Natural Gas Hydrates)

21 pages, 393 KB

Open AccessArticle

Adolescents’ Responses to High-Intensity Versus Standard Physical Education on Body Fat, Blood Pressure, and VO₂max: A Secondary Analysis Using TE-Based Responder Classification

by Jarosław Domaradzki, Eugenia Murawska-Ciałowicz, Katarzyna Kochan-Jacheć, Paweł Szkudlarek, Dawid Koźlenia and Marek Popowczak

Healthcare 2026, 14(3), 410; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14030410 (registering DOI) - 5 Feb 2026

Abstract

Background/Objectives: A persistent challenge in adolescent health promotion is insufficient exercise intensity during physical education (PE) lessons, limiting their potential to reduce cardiometabolic risk. National curricula further restrict teacher flexibility in implementing effective preventive strategies. Brief, high-intensity exercise protocols may provide a [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: A persistent challenge in adolescent health promotion is insufficient exercise intensity during physical education (PE) lessons, limiting their potential to reduce cardiometabolic risk. National curricula further restrict teacher flexibility in implementing effective preventive strategies. Brief, high-intensity exercise protocols may provide a scalable solution within school systems. Although their general effectiveness is established, less is known about the variability of individual health responses, particularly across multiple outcomes and in relation to sex and intervention type. This study aimed to (1) assess the prevalence of responders (Rs) and non-responders (NRs) by sex and intervention type, (2) examine sex-by-intervention interactions, and (3) evaluate the likelihood of combined positive health responses across body fat percentage (BFP), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), and cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen consumption [VO₂max]). Methods: A total of 145 adolescents (aged 16 years; 48% males) from experimental school-based PE programs were analyzed. Two intervention modalities were implemented: high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and high-intensity plyometric training (HIPT). Rs were identified using typical error (TE) methodology. Statistical analyses included chi-squared tests (χ²), log-linear modeling, and odds ratios (ORs). Results: Chi-squared analyses indicated sex-by-intervention associations in the distribution of responder classifications for body fat percentage (BFP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and VO₂max (χ² range = 8.26–10.10, p < 0.01). A simple association between intervention type and DBP was also observed (χ² = 6.49, p = 0.011). However, logistic regression analyses yielded odds ratios with wide 95% confidence intervals crossing the null value for all outcomes, indicating limited precision and the absence of statistically robust interaction effects. Multinomial logistic regression examining combined responses (two or three concurrent improvements) revealed no statistically significant main or interaction effects (all p > 0.05).Conclusions: Brief high-intensity exercise protocols delivered within school-based physical education were associated with favorable changes in adiposity, blood pressure, and cardiorespiratory fitness in a substantial proportion of adolescents. However, sex- and intervention-specific differences in responder classification were not statistically significant and should be interpreted as exploratory. Further adequately powered studies are required to determine whether individual characteristics meaningfully moderate responsiveness to specific high-intensity exercise modalities. Full article

15 pages, 370 KB

Open AccessArticle

by Yuri Gimelfarb and Daniela Cojocaru

Societies 2026, 16(2), 51; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc16020051 (registering DOI) - 5 Feb 2026

Abstract

Emotional (mental) pain can precipitate a suicidal intention in humans. In contemporary society characterized by an increase in international migrations, the potential impact of immigration remains among the controversial and even quite complex topics in the sociology of suicidal behavior. In other respects, [...] Read more.

Emotional (mental) pain can precipitate a suicidal intention in humans. In contemporary society characterized by an increase in international migrations, the potential impact of immigration remains among the controversial and even quite complex topics in the sociology of suicidal behavior. In other respects, our understanding of the potential impact of immigration status on emotional pain in adults with a dual diagnosis of schizophrenic and comorbid substance use disorders remains unclear. This cross-sectional survey aimed to examine the potential impact of immigration status on the experience of emotional pain. All study participants (N = 93) gave written and signed consent before beginning to complete this individual survey. The analysis revealed significant main effects of both immigration and gender on emotional pain intensity, with the native-born and females reporting a higher intensity of emotional pain. However, no significant effects were found for immigration or gender concerning general self-efficacy. Additionally, significant interactions were found between immigration and gender for both emotional pain intensity and general self-efficacy, with native-born females exhibiting higher emotional pain intensity and general self-efficacy compared to non-native-born females. Regarding the unique contribution of general self-efficacy, the analysis showed that it (but not the lifetime patterns of psychoactive substance use) solely and significantly explained participants’ emotional pain intensity, with higher general self-efficacy associated with lower emotional pain. A mediation analysis revealed that general self-efficacy significantly mediated the relationship between immigration and emotional pain among females, but not males, suggesting that general self-efficacy played a key role in explaining how immigration influenced emotional pain for females with a dual diagnosis of schizophrenic and comorbid substance use disorders. This is the first evidence of the potential impact of immigration status on the experience emotional pain among adults with a dual diagnosis. The general self-efficacy played a key role in explaining how immigration status influenced current emotional pain for females, and not for males, with a dual diagnosis of schizophrenic and comorbid substance use disorders. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Well-Being of Socially Vulnerable Groups in the Unsteadiness During Social Movements)

30 pages, 4371 KB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Standardizing TEER Measurements in Blood-Brain Barrier-on-Chip Systems: A Systematic Review of Electrode Designs and Configurations

by Nazanin Ghane, Reza Jafari and Naser Valipour Motlagh

Biomimetics 2026, 11(2), 119; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics11020119 (registering DOI) - 5 Feb 2026

Abstract

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is one of the most selective physiological interfaces in the human body. Transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) has become a widely adopted quantitative metric for assessing its in vitro structural and functional integrity. Although TEER measurements are routinely incorporated into [...] Read more.

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is one of the most selective physiological interfaces in the human body. Transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) has become a widely adopted quantitative metric for assessing its in vitro structural and functional integrity. Although TEER measurements are routinely incorporated into BBB-on-chips, the absence of harmonized electrode architectures, measurement settings, and reporting standards continues to undermine reproducibility and translational reliability among laboratories. This systematic review provides the first comprehensive classification and critical comparison of electrode configurations used for TEER assessment, specifically within BBB-on-chip systems. Eligible studies were analyzed and categorized according to electrode design, fabrication method, integration strategy, and operational constraints. We critically evaluated six principal electrode architectures, highlighting their performance trade-offs in terms of uniformity of current distribution, long-term stability, scalability, and compatibility with dynamic shear conditions. Furthermore, we propose a bioinspired TEER reporting framework that consolidates essential metadata, including electrode specification, temperature control, viscosity effects, and blank resistance correction. Our analysis proposes screen-printed and hybrid silver-indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes as promising candidates for next-generation BBB platforms. Moreover, our review provides a structured roadmap for standardizing TEER electrode design and reporting practices to facilitate interlaboratory consistency and accelerate the adoption of BBB-on-chip systems as truly biomimetic platforms for predictive neuropharmacological workflows. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Biomimetic Design, Constructions and Devices)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

26 pages, 1045 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Catalyst of Culture: Unlocking Blockchain-Driven Digital Transformation in Saudi Construction

by Muhammad Abdul Rehman and Dhafer Ali Alqahtani

Buildings 2026, 16(3), 672; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16030672 (registering DOI) - 5 Feb 2026

Abstract

Saudi Arabia’s construction industry is greatly impacted by rising costs and delays, causing project overruns and high financial pressures. In construction, blockchain technology is a decentralized and secure system that promotes transparency, trustworthiness and effective management of project data and transactions. This research [...] Read more.

Saudi Arabia’s construction industry is greatly impacted by rising costs and delays, causing project overruns and high financial pressures. In construction, blockchain technology is a decentralized and secure system that promotes transparency, trustworthiness and effective management of project data and transactions. This research is based on the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework, which develops and tests a conceptual model to investigate how supply-chain management, smart contracts, transparency and traceability, regulatory compliance and building information modeling (BIM) integration influence blockchain technology adoption, with organizational culture as a moderator. Data from 291 professionals in large Saudi contracting firms were analyzed employing a quantitative, cross-sectional design using SmartPLS. Results confirm all hypothesized factors significantly drive blockchain technology adoption. Organizational culture, acting as a key amplifier, positively moderates all relationships. The model explains 71.1% of the variability in blockchain technology adoption. In order to overcome project challenges and meet Vision 2030’s goals, the results present a validated roadmap for Saudi’s construction sector. The findings show that technical investments and promoting a culture of innovation, collaboration across departments and strong leadership are important for adoption blockchain technology. Full article

38 pages, 802 KB

Open AccessArticle

Strategies for Developing Romanian Seaports as Smart Ports

by Carmen Gasparotti, Costel Ungureanu, Gabriel Popescu and Leonard Domnisoru

Sustainability 2026, 18(3), 1658; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18031658 (registering DOI) - 5 Feb 2026

Abstract

This paper examines the current state of Romanian seaports from the perspective of their transformation into smart ports, using the SWOT model to identify the most suitable strategies. It highlights the strengths and weaknesses of existing infrastructure, as well as the opportunities and [...] Read more.

This paper examines the current state of Romanian seaports from the perspective of their transformation into smart ports, using the SWOT model to identify the most suitable strategies. It highlights the strengths and weaknesses of existing infrastructure, as well as the opportunities and risks, to outline coherent and sustainable courses of action for future development. A SWOT analysis was conducted based on information collected from a questionnaire sent to members of the maritime port authority, directors, and staff from various departments of the analyzed ports, as well as direct interviews with experts from the three ports. This analysis served as the foundation for developing strategies aimed at accelerating digitization, improving operational efficiency, and reducing environmental impact. The identified strategies were subsequently ranked using the AHP method. The weights assigned to the ten strategies emphasize the relative importance and systemic influence of each one on the process of ports transforming into smart entities. This study makes a significant contribution to the emerging literature on the transformation of Romanian seaports into “smart ports” by approaching this process through the lens of sustainable port development. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 1929 KB

Open AccessArticle

Assessment of Diversity and Evenness of Herbaceous Vegetation and Natural Regeneration Communities in the Plaiul Fagului Reserve

by Petru Cuza, Tatiana Sîrbu and Pavel Pînzaru

Ecologies 2026, 7(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecologies7010018 (registering DOI) - 5 Feb 2026

Abstract

Environmental changes and anthropogenic pressures significantly influence both the tree layer and natural regeneration within forest ecosystems. Protected areas represent essential territories for the maintenance and conservation of species within forest communities. In this context, the present study aims to develop a methodological [...] Read more.

Environmental changes and anthropogenic pressures significantly influence both the tree layer and natural regeneration within forest ecosystems. Protected areas represent essential territories for the maintenance and conservation of species within forest communities. In this context, the present study aims to develop a methodological framework for the integrated application of diversity, evenness, and dominance indices in the study of forest plant communities. Analyses were conducted at both α- and β-diversity levels, providing a methodological basis for characterizing local diversity and community differentiation. Species diversity was estimated using the Shannon–Wiener (H′) and Simpson (D) indices, while evenness and dominance were assessed using the Pielou (J′) and Berger–Parker (d) indices. Differences among communities were quantified using the Bray–Curtis dissimilarity index and its components, turnover and nestedness, and structural convergence of forest communities was analyzed through the ICF. The results indicate that α-diversity, estimated by H′, ranges from low to moderate, suggesting a relatively uniform distribution of species abundance. In certain microhabitats, processes of diversification and oligodominance are observed. At the β-diversity level, the analyzed communities are characterized by high dissimilarity, mainly driven by species turnover and, to a lesser extent, by nestedness associated with species loss. The ICF highlights that these forest communities exhibit relatively high structural uniformity, characteristic of mature stands in ecological equilibrium. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Conservation at the Crossroads: Forest Ecology, Wildlife Dynamics, and Emerging Challenges for Ecosystem Resilience)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

32 pages, 4416 KB

Open AccessArticle

Rheological Enhancement of Bitumen Through Valorisation of Organic Waste Additives for Enhanced Railway Track Performance at Medium and High Temperatures

by Filippo Giammaria Praticò, Ezgi Eren and Vamsi Navya Krishna Mypati

Coatings 2026, 16(2), 208; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings16020208 (registering DOI) - 5 Feb 2026

Abstract

In railway engineering, waterproofing layers (or blankets), composed of bitumen and mineral aggregates, are a viable and promising solution, but further innovation is needed to achieve higher mechanical characteristics and a better balance between virgin and recycled materials. Based on the above, this [...] Read more.

In railway engineering, waterproofing layers (or blankets), composed of bitumen and mineral aggregates, are a viable and promising solution, but further innovation is needed to achieve higher mechanical characteristics and a better balance between virgin and recycled materials. Based on the above, this study investigates the potential improvements in rheological properties of a railway-oriented hard bitumen, HD, modified with a ternary system consisting of an organic compound (OC), a multifunctional additive (MA), and a modified fibrous additive (MFA) obtained from the utilisation of organic waste. In this context, comprehensive empirical, rheological, and chemical tests were performed on reference and modified bituminous blends. Results confirmed that a synergistic blend of 0.5% MA, 2% OC, and 3% MFA achieved a high R% (93.99) and G*, as well as minimal Jnr, which resulted in the best rank. This ternary combination increased viscosity by 124.97% at 150 °C, improved rutting resistance by 60.69%, and improved binder-level fatigue indicator (G*sinδ) by 45.40% under the unaged DSR sweep conditions. A mechanistic interpretation was provided. These findings support the use of OC, MA, and MFA as sustainable modifiers to enhance the high-temperature rheological performance of HD binders for railway waterproofing layers and sub-ballast applications. Future research should evaluate 1) long-term field performance and compatibility with ballast and subgrade materials, and 2) moisture damage resistance. Indeed, this cannot be inferred from binder rheology alone and should be verified through mixture-level moisture susceptibility and binder–aggregate adhesion tests. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Treatments and Coatings for Asphalt and Concrete)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

23 pages, 3004 KB

Open AccessArticle

Design and Analysis of FSM-Based AES Encryption on FPGA Versus MATLAB Environment

by Sunny Arief Sudiro, Fauziah Fauziah, Ragiel Hadi Prayitno, Bayu Kumoro Yakti, Sarifuddin Madenda and Michel Paindavoine

Electronics 2026, 15(3), 702; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15030702 (registering DOI) - 5 Feb 2026

Abstract

The present paper compares and analyzes the design of AES-128 encryption and decryption using Finite State Machine (FSM) architecture on FPGA and MATLAB platforms. This study aims to evaluate performance disparities in terms of execution time, throughput, and hardware efficiency under identical input [...] Read more.

The present paper compares and analyzes the design of AES-128 encryption and decryption using Finite State Machine (FSM) architecture on FPGA and MATLAB platforms. This study aims to evaluate performance disparities in terms of execution time, throughput, and hardware efficiency under identical input data and key conditions. The FSM-based AES algorithm was modeled in MATLAB for functional validation and synthesized on an Artix-7 FPGA using VHDL. The experimental results confirmed that both platforms produced identical ciphertext and plaintext outputs, verifying the correctness of the processes employed. However, the FPGA demonstrated significantly better performance in terms of execution speed. Encryption and decryption times were measured in microseconds on the FPGA, while similar operations on the MATLAB platform required hundreds of milliseconds. The FPGA implementation achieved throughput of 872.53 Mbps for encryption and 858.49 Mbps for decryption with area usage of 1263 and 1428 slices, respectively. This yields an efficiency of 0.691 and 0.601 Mbps/slice, which is considered efficient according to established benchmarks. Compared to previous MATLAB-only and FPGA pipelined implementations, the current design strikes a balance between resource usage and performance, making it ideal for lightweight cryptographic applications in embedded systems. These results provide practical insights into selecting platforms for secure, real-time data processing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Computer Science & Engineering)

21 pages, 3211 KB

Open AccessArticle

Comprehensive Analysis of the AP2/ERF Superfamily Identifies Key Genes Related to Various Stress Responses in Olive Tree (Olea europaea L.)

by Erli Niu, Song Gao, Mengyun Ren, Wei Wang, Qian Zhao and Ying Fu

Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2026, 48(2), 183; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb48020183 (registering DOI) - 5 Feb 2026

Abstract

The AP2/ERF superfamily is a key class of transcription factors involved in plant responses to various stresses. As an ancient species, the olive tree (Olea europaea L.) exhibits considerable stress tolerance and wide adaptability. In this study, we identified 348 AP2/ERF genes [...] Read more.

The AP2/ERF superfamily is a key class of transcription factors involved in plant responses to various stresses. As an ancient species, the olive tree (Olea europaea L.) exhibits considerable stress tolerance and wide adaptability. In this study, we identified 348 AP2/ERF genes in the cultivated olive variety ‘Arbequina’ at the whole-genome level. According to protein sequence alignments and phylogenetic analyses via the Maximum Likelihood method, these genes were classified into four major families: AP2, ERF/DREB, RAV, and Soloist. The ERF/DREB family was further divided into DREB and ERF subfamilies, each encompassing six groups (A1–A6 and B1–B6), with the ERF subfamily being the largest. Members of each group exhibited relatively consistent gene structures and domain/motif compositions of their encoded proteins; however, the distribution of cis-elements and expression patterns varied. Each AP2/ERF gene contained 12 light-responsive, three MeJA-responsive, three ABA-responsive, two anaerobic induction, and one MYB binding site on average. With the threshold of p value < 0.5, control TPM > 0, and |log₂(fold change)| > 0, 50 candidate genes were simultaneously up-regulated (30) or down-regulated (20) under four stress treatments (acid–aluminum, cold, disease, and wound), among which nine showed potential protein–protein interactions. This study provides a comprehensive genomic characterization of the AP2/ERF family in olive and identifies key candidate stress-responsive genes, establishing a foundation for future functional studies on the molecular mechanisms of stress adaptation in the olive tree. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Multi-Omics for Functional Genomics Studies and Molecular Breeding, 2nd Edition)

17 pages, 10327 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Unified Framework to Prioritize RNA Virus Cross-Species Transmission Risk Across an Expansive Host Landscape

by Di Zhao, Yi-Fei Wang, Zu-Fei Yin, Ya-Fei Wu, Hui-Jun Yu, Luo-Yuan Xia, Xiao-He Liu, Xiao-Ming Cui, Xiao-Yu Shi, Dai-Yun Zhu, Na Jia, Jia-Fu Jiang, Wu-Chun Cao and Wenqiang Shi

Viruses 2026, 18(2), 211; https://doi.org/10.3390/v18020211 (registering DOI) - 5 Feb 2026

Abstract

RNA viruses exhibit high mutation rates and strong host adaptive capacity, posing major public health challenges. Although meta-transcriptomic studies have uncovered vast numbers of novel RNA viral sequences, identifying those with spillover risks remains difficult. Current virus host-prediction methods can only predict a [...] Read more.

RNA viruses exhibit high mutation rates and strong host adaptive capacity, posing major public health challenges. Although meta-transcriptomic studies have uncovered vast numbers of novel RNA viral sequences, identifying those with spillover risks remains difficult. Current virus host-prediction methods can only predict a narrow set of host labels at coarse taxonomic levels (e.g., kingdom or order), which hampers precise evaluation of cross-species transmission risk and may overlook potential zoonotic hosts. To overcome these limitations, we developed UniVH, a unified virus–host association prediction framework trained on an exceptionally broad spectrum of 90 viral families and 240 host families, enabling robust prediction even for phylogenetically distant or data-scarce hosts. UniVH achieved a host prediction accuracy of 71.2% for novel viruses discovered after 2020, representing a 15.3% improvement over conventional BLASTp-based homology approaches. Feature interpretation revealed that viral structural genes and host immune- and metabolism-related genes contributed most significantly to predictive performance. Model predictions indicated widespread host-range expansion, with 20 mammalian virus families doubling their documented mammalian host ranges and several showing marked increases in viruses with human-infection potential. This unified, interpretable framework represents an important methodological advance for future RNA virus spillover-risk evaluation and emerging virus prioritization. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section General Virology)

29 pages, 401 KB

Open AccessArticle

Dependency-Constrained Cascading Rescheduling: Network Evolution and Long-Term Adaptation

by TzeHoung Lee and Xue-Ming Yuan

Mathematics 2026, 14(3), 577; https://doi.org/10.3390/math14030577 (registering DOI) - 5 Feb 2026

Abstract

Traditional scheduling theory optimizes initial task assignments under static assumptions, yet operational systems face repeated disruptions requiring both immediate rescheduling and long-term structural adaptation. Existing approaches treat each disruption independently, failing to capture how organizations learn and evolve through repeated challenges. This paper [...] Read more.

Traditional scheduling theory optimizes initial task assignments under static assumptions, yet operational systems face repeated disruptions requiring both immediate rescheduling and long-term structural adaptation. Existing approaches treat each disruption independently, failing to capture how organizations learn and evolve through repeated challenges. This paper presents a unified framework bridging cascading rescheduling with network evolution, formally modeling how dependency structures adapt over time to improve resilience. The framework consists of three integrated components: (1) immediate rescheduling algorithms with provable complexity bounds—O(n) for tree-structured dependencies, fixed-parameter tractable for bounded treewidth—enabling real-time response; (2) five adaptation strategies (redundancy, buffering, decoupling, reshuffling, and control) with convergence guarantees showing exponential improvement rate

O (e^{- (σ - λ) t})

; and (3) computable resilience metrics quantifying organizational capacity to absorb disruptions. Comprehensive validation through 5200 simulated weeks (52 weeks × 100 replications) demonstrates substantial performance improvements. Redundancy-based adaptation achieves 109% resilience improvement and 66% disruption reduction compared to non-adaptive baselines (

p < 0.001

, Cohen’s

d > 1.8

). The framework is implemented as Orange3 visual programming widgets, achieving 92% user acceptance among non-technical practitioners with 7-month payback periods. While the framework is domain-agnostic and applicable to any operational network with dependency constraints, validation focuses on healthcare scheduling contexts where disruption patterns are well documented. The approach demonstrates that organizations can systematically build resilience through principled adaptation rather than reactive responses, with quantifiable performance improvements and accessible implementation tools. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Data-Driven Algorithms for Optimal Decision Making in Logistics and Supply Chain Management)

22 pages, 3365 KB

Open AccessArticle

How to Unmask an Unknown: The Restriction-Modification System MhoVII of Mycoplasma hominis Expresses Two Complementary Methylation Activities in One Enzyme

by Lars Vogelgsang, Dana Bäcker, Sebastian Alexander Scharf, Azlan Nisar, Alexander T. Dilthey and Birgit Henrich

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(3), 1591; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27031591 (registering DOI) - 5 Feb 2026

Abstract

Restriction–modification (RM) systems contribute to genome plasticity in Mycoplasma hominis, a facultative pathogen with an extremely small but highly heterogeneous genome. The MhoVII RM system, which contains a fusion of two methyltransferases (MTases), M1 and M2, was recently identified within a [...] Read more.

Restriction–modification (RM) systems contribute to genome plasticity in Mycoplasma hominis, a facultative pathogen with an extremely small but highly heterogeneous genome. The MhoVII RM system, which contains a fusion of two methyltransferases (MTases), M1 and M2, was recently identified within a family of Type II RM systems, but its specificity and biological function remained unknown. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that M1 and M2 belong to distinct MTase classes clustering within the YhdJ and MTaseD12 branches, respectively. In this study, the dissemination, expression and function of the MhoVII system was analyzed in detail using Oxford Nanopore-based methylation analysis, recombinant expression of the individual RM components in Escherichia coli, and methylation-sensitive restriction assays. It was thus possible to demonstrate that M1 and M2 methylate the complementary non-palindromic motifs GATG and CATC, and that the associated restriction endonuclease cleaves only DNA lacking 6mA methylation at these sites. The transcriptional analysis of mid-to-late logarithmic cultures indicated a polycistronic organization of the MhoVII genes, and GATG/CATC-driven methylation analysis revealed culture-dependent methylation differences, suggesting a post-transcriptional regulation, whereas in the infection of HeLa cells, MhoVII transcription was highest at the beginning and was then gradually downregulated in the later stages of infection. These findings establish MhoVII as a previously uncharacterized Type II RM system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbial Genomics in the Omics Era)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 856 KB

Open AccessArticle

LRRC8-Mediated Glutamate Release from Astrocytes Is Not Increased During the Initiation of Experimental Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

by Kamyab Sarmadi, Linda Gaspar, Peter Bedner, Lukas Henning, Christian Henneberger, Ronald Jabs, Thomas J. Jentsch, Christian Steinhäuser and Gerald Seifert

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(3), 1589; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27031589 (registering DOI) - 5 Feb 2026

Abstract

LRRC8 channels are volume-regulated anion channels (VRACs) activated by cellular swelling, which mediate regulatory volume decrease in many cell types. Recently, it has been shown that these channels contribute to the release of glutamate from astrocytes. Since enhanced extracellular glutamate concentrations produce hyperexcitability, [...] Read more.

LRRC8 channels are volume-regulated anion channels (VRACs) activated by cellular swelling, which mediate regulatory volume decrease in many cell types. Recently, it has been shown that these channels contribute to the release of glutamate from astrocytes. Since enhanced extracellular glutamate concentrations produce hyperexcitability, and microdialysis revealed elevated levels of the transmitter in the brains of epileptic patients, we asked whether astroglial glutamate release through LRRC8/VRACs might contribute to the initiation of experimental temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Patch clamp, pharmacological, and single-cell transcript analyses were performed in the hippocampus of controls and mice with inducible deletion of LRRC8a in astrocytes. In addition, these mice were exposed to our unilateral intracortical kainate model of TLE. Tonic currents were recorded from CA1 pyramidal neurons as a measure of glutamate release. Our data show that neither expression of LRRC8a nor the amplitude of tonic currents was altered 4 h after status epilepticus-induced TLE. These findings do not suggest that increased astroglial glutamate release through LRRC8 channels contributes to the initiation of experimental TLE. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Glia in Human Health and Disease)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

22 pages, 1541 KB

Open AccessArticle

Environmental Stressors and Intimate Partner Violence in Urban Tanzania: A Thematic and Visual Analysis from Dar es Salaam

by Deo Mshigeni and Salome Kapella Mshigeni

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2026, 23(2), 204; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph23020204 (registering DOI) - 5 Feb 2026

Abstract

Background: This study explores the interplay between environmental stressors and intimate partner violence (IPV) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods: Drawing on participants’ interviews, visual ethnography, thematic analysis, and a review of secondary sources, the research examines how resource scarcity, displacement, and climate [...] Read more.

Background: This study explores the interplay between environmental stressors and intimate partner violence (IPV) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods: Drawing on participants’ interviews, visual ethnography, thematic analysis, and a review of secondary sources, the research examines how resource scarcity, displacement, and climate change intersect with social determinants of health to intensify IPV. Results: Using an ecological systems perspective, the study demonstrates how structural vulnerabilities and environmental degradation disproportionately affect residents of informal urban settlements, particularly women, who face intersecting vulnerabilities due to poverty, inadequate services, and gender-based discrimination. Conclusions: The findings from this study underscore the need to integrate gender-sensitive urban planning and policy that address both environmental risks and existing social inequalities, thereby enhancing household and community resilience. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Social Determinants in Health of Vulnerable Groups)

27 pages, 1349 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Application of AI Chatbot System Based on CLIL Concept in the Teaching of Artificial Intelligence Courses

by Ziqi Liu and Qian Wang

Appl. Sci. 2026, 16(3), 1633; https://doi.org/10.3390/app16031633 (registering DOI) - 5 Feb 2026

Abstract

The interdisciplinary nature of artificial intelligence courses forces non-computer science majors to contend with the simultaneous challenges of terminology comprehension and language cognition. To increase the efficiency of terminology teaching, this project develops and deploys an OpenAI-based AI chatbot teaching system that incorporates [...] Read more.

The interdisciplinary nature of artificial intelligence courses forces non-computer science majors to contend with the simultaneous challenges of terminology comprehension and language cognition. To increase the efficiency of terminology teaching, this project develops and deploys an OpenAI-based AI chatbot teaching system that incorporates the concept of content and language integrated learning (CLIL). The system creates a dual-track “terminology layer-cognition layer” framework that includes term recognition, multi-level explanation (contextual examples and conceptual associations), task-driven dialogues, and conversation memory bank (CMB) modules. It then guides students through natural language interactions to master the core AI terms in context. The system’s effectiveness was confirmed in a controlled experiment with 98 participants (including computer and non-computer majors) separated into two groups: experimental (chatbot teaching) and control (conventional PPT teaching). In terms of terminology mastery, the experimental group’s posttest score (86.0 ± 5.33) was considerably higher than that of the control group (66.98 ± 5.6). Non-computer science major students showed a more significant improvement effect (83.29 ± 4.5 vs. 63.62 ± 4.68 for the control group). Non-computing students evaluated the clarity of systematic terminology explanation (4.33 ± 0.76) and the effectiveness of contextual assistance (4.21 ± 0.88) as the most important aspects of their learning experience. These experimental results show that the fusion AI chatbot teaching system developed in this study can improve teaching efficiency while effectively reducing cognitive load, and that the task-guided and immediate feedback mechanism can significantly increase students’ learning engagement. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Smart Learning in Education)

11 pages, 376 KB

Open AccessArticle

Brain Tumor Care in Relation to Patient Age—An Observational Study Between Years 2016 and 2022 in a Nationwide Cohort in Germany

by Frederic Bold, Gerardo Rico Gonzalez, Rüdiger Gerlach, Oliver Heese, Steffen K. Rosahl, Michael Stoffel, Juraj Kukolja, Frederick Palm, Emilia Machado Musri, Ali Allam, Ralf Kuhlen, Julius Dengler, Sven Hohenstein, Andreas Bollmann and Nora F. Dengler

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(2), 104; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33020104 (registering DOI) - 5 Feb 2026

Abstract

As societies continue to age, brain tumors increasingly affect older patients. Still, large-scale evidence on whether the relationship between age and brain tumor has been evolving over time is scarce. We examined longitudinal trends among different age groups of patients with brain tumors [...] Read more.

As societies continue to age, brain tumors increasingly affect older patients. Still, large-scale evidence on whether the relationship between age and brain tumor has been evolving over time is scarce. We examined longitudinal trends among different age groups of patients with brain tumors at 78 German hospitals. Two time periods were compared as follows: phase 1 (1 January 2016–31 December 2019; pre-pandemic) and phase 2 (1 January 2020–31 December 2022; pandemic). Patients were categorized as non-elderly (<65 years) or elderly (≥65 years), and according to 10-year age brackets. The clinical condition was quantified using the Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (ECI) and the Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS). Among the 20,005 patients included, changes in characteristics of non-elderly/elderly patients over time behaved similarly, with improvements in ECI (19.3 to 18.4/15.2 to 14.3; each p < 0.01) and HFRS (2.1 to 1.6/4.7 to 4.1; each p < 0.01), and increases in rates of brain tumor resection (26.1% to 31.8%/22.7% to 27.8%; each p < 0.01). Only patients aged 75–84 years did not follow any of those trends. Over the examined 7-year period, general trends in brain tumor care in elderly subjects resembled those observed in non-elderly patients, except for those aged 75–84 years. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Geriatric Oncology: Toward Optimized Cancer Care)

34 pages, 489 KB

Open AccessArticle

Gauge-Invariant Gravitational Wave Polarization in Metric f(R) Gravity with Cosmological Implications

by Ramesh Radhakrishnan, David McNutt, Delaram Mirfendereski, Alejandro Pinero, Eric Davis, William Julius and Gerald Cleaver

Universe 2026, 12(2), 44; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe12020044 (registering DOI) - 5 Feb 2026

Abstract

We develop a fully gauge-invariant analysis of gravitational-wave polarizations in metric

f (R)

gravity with a particular focus on the modified Starobinsky model

f (R) = R + α R^{2} - 2 Λ

, whose constant-curvature solution [...] Read more.

We develop a fully gauge-invariant analysis of gravitational-wave polarizations in metric

f (R)

gravity with a particular focus on the modified Starobinsky model

f (R) = R + α R^{2} - 2 Λ

, whose constant-curvature solution

R_{d} = 4 Λ

provides a natural de Sitter background for both early- and late-time cosmology. Linearizing the field equations around this background, we derive the Klein–Gordon equation for the curvature perturbation

δ R

and show that the scalar propagating mode acquires a mass

m_{ψ}^{2} = 1 / (6 α)

, highlighting how the same scalar degree of freedom governs inflationary dynamics at high curvature and the propagation of gravitational waves in the current accelerating Universe. Using the scalar–vector–tensor decomposition and a decomposition of the perturbed Ricci tensor, we obtain a set of fully gauge-invariant propagation equations that isolate the contributions of the scalar, vector, and tensor modes in the presence of matter. We find that the tensor sector retains the two transverse–traceless polarizations of General Relativity, while the scalar sector contains an additional massive scalar propagating degree of freedom, which manifests through breathing and longitudinal tidal responses depending on the wave regime and detector frame. Through the geodesic deviation equation—computed both in a local Minkowski patch and in fully covariant de Sitter form—we independently recover the same polarization content and identify its tidal signatures. The resulting framework connects the extra scalar polarization to cosmological observables: the massive scalar propagating mode sets the range of the fifth force, influences the time evolution of gravitational potentials, and affects the propagation and dispersion of gravitational waves on cosmological scales. This provides a unified, gauge-invariant link between gravitational-wave phenomenology and the cosmological implications of metric

f (R)

gravity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Gravitation)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 613 KB

Open AccessArticle

How Risky Is Mixed Martial Arts? Injury Rates and Patterns in Competitive Versus Recreational Athletes

by Lukas Groessing, Vasco Starke, Armin Runer, Friedemann Schneider, Markus Merkl, Wolfgang Zemann and Michael Schwaiger

Healthcare 2026, 14(3), 409; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14030409 (registering DOI) - 5 Feb 2026

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Mixed martial arts (MMA) is a popular full-contact combat sport. The aim of this study was to determine injury mechanisms, rates, severity, patterns, circumstances, and the resulting economic healthcare consequences by conducting a detailed survey of competitive and recreational athletes. Methods [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Mixed martial arts (MMA) is a popular full-contact combat sport. The aim of this study was to determine injury mechanisms, rates, severity, patterns, circumstances, and the resulting economic healthcare consequences by conducting a detailed survey of competitive and recreational athletes. Methods: In 2023, MMA athletes were retrospectively questioned regarding their injuries in the last 24 months and the resulting healthcare impact (medical attention, hospitalization, incapacity to work). An injury was defined as any physical complaint resulting from MMA exposure. The severity of the injury was categorized according to the resulting restriction of sport participation (i.e., ‘severe’: more than four weeks of restriction). Results: A total of 112 participants (93% male; 41% non-competitive and 59% competitive) were included. All in all, 93,857 h of MMA activities were performed, and 127 injuries were recorded, resulting in an overall injury rate of 1.4 injuries per 1000 h of exposure. Non-competitive athletes reported significantly fewer total injuries in the past 24 months (95% CI 0.87–2.04; p = 0.003) and had significantly fewer severe or even critical injuries compared to competitive athletes (OR 0.55; 95% CI 0.21–1.43; p = 0.042). Head- and neck lesions (20%) were the most common injuries. The most common types of injury were joint sprains (21%) and ligament strains (17%). The healthcare burden of these sports-related injuries was minimal: By median, injuries led to zero days of hospitalization and incapacity to work, with no statistically significant differences between recreational and competitive athletes. Conclusions: Competitive athletes suffer more severe injuries compared to recreational athletes. Overall, injuries in MMA are rare, and the economic impact and burden on the healthcare system are negligible compared to other sport disciplines. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Healthcare Advances in Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery)

24 pages, 1673 KB

Open AccessArticle

Music Performance Improvement Support System Using a Semi-Automated Instrument-Playing Robot with Real-Time Acoustic Analysis and Habit Visualization

by Kouki Tomiyoshi, Hiroaki Sonoda, Hikari Kuriyama and Gou Koutaki

Sensors 2026, 26(3), 1053; https://doi.org/10.3390/s26031053 (registering DOI) - 5 Feb 2026

Abstract

This paper proposes an acoustic analysis system to help improve saxophone performance skills. The system combines direct support for performance movements by a robot with indirect support by presenting performance information. By sensing the performance audio and performing real-time acoustic analysis, the system [...] Read more.

This paper proposes an acoustic analysis system to help improve saxophone performance skills. The system combines direct support for performance movements by a robot with indirect support by presenting performance information. By sensing the performance audio and performing real-time acoustic analysis, the system presents the learner with information about their performance and their playing habits. The performance information presented to the learner includes pitch, volume, and playing timing. For performance habit analysis, a Markov model with pitch as the state and an internal probability parameter that indicates the quality of the performance evaluation as the pitch transitions are defined. In the experiment, we conducted a pilot study targeting experienced saxophone players and a beginner saxophone player to verify the effectiveness of the proposed system. The experiment showed that the MAE of the played pitch was significantly reduced by using the proposed system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Acoustic Sensing for Musical Instrument Study and Vocal Analysis)

20 pages, 1199 KB

Open AccessArticle

Composition of Human Meibomian Gland Secretions: Insights from TOF-SIMS Analysis

by Katarzyna Balin, Beata Węglarz, Karol Dobiczek and Dorota Tarnawska

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(3), 1590; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27031590 (registering DOI) - 5 Feb 2026

Abstract

This study evaluated the efficacy of the TOF-SIMS (time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry) technique for the comprehensive lipidomic analysis of human meibum, a lipid-rich secretion essential for tear film stability, using samples collected from ten participants. The applied methodology proved effective in characterizing [...] Read more.

This study evaluated the efficacy of the TOF-SIMS (time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry) technique for the comprehensive lipidomic analysis of human meibum, a lipid-rich secretion essential for tear film stability, using samples collected from ten participants. The applied methodology proved effective in characterizing the complex chemistry of meibum, confirming the presence of diverse lipid classes, including fatty acids, sterols, and glycerolipids. Multivariate and pairwise statistical analyses, including permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) and maximum mean discrepancy (MMD),confirmed the significant compositional difference between the two groups. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed a clear separation between the samples, driven primarily by an elevated ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids (C18:1, C16:1) to cholesterol in the group with MGD compared to healthy controls. These findings demonstrate the utility of TOF-SIMS coupled with multivariate analysis for detecting disease-specific molecular alterations in meibum, highlighting its potential for differentiating ocular surface pathologies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Biology)

18 pages, 1403 KB

Open AccessReview

Bloodstream Infections Due to Carbapenemase-Producing Escherichia coli: A Comprehensive Review

by Maria Scrascia, Adriana Antonina Tempesta, Viviana Cafiso, Carlo Pazzani and Maria Lina Mezzatesta

Antibiotics 2026, 15(2), 176; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics15020176 (registering DOI) - 5 Feb 2026

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli (CP-Ec) has emerged as an important contributor to the global crisis of antimicrobial resistance. Although less prevalent than carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, CP-Ec exhibits marked genomic plasticity, efficient plasmid-mediated dissemination, and increasing involvement in bloodstream infections. This comprehensive review [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli (CP-Ec) has emerged as an important contributor to the global crisis of antimicrobial resistance. Although less prevalent than carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, CP-Ec exhibits marked genomic plasticity, efficient plasmid-mediated dissemination, and increasing involvement in bloodstream infections. This comprehensive review summarizes the global epidemiology, molecular features, treatment options, clonal structure and transmission dynamics of CP-Ec. Particular attention is given to the expanding repertoire of NDM, OXA-48-like, and KPC carbapenemases and their associated plasmid backbones. Key high-risk clones, including ST410, ST167 and ST131, are highlighted as drivers of international spread. Conclusions and Future Directions: CP-Ec bloodstream infections represent a growing clinical challenge, often associated with severe outcomes and limited therapeutic options, particularly for NDM producers. The emergence of treatment failures with last-resort agents further underscores the need for improved management strategies. Strengthened global surveillance, integration of genomic epidemiology, optimized antimicrobial stewardship, and targeted infection control measures are essential to limit the dissemination of CP-Ec and mitigate its impact on human health. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmacologic Management of MDR Respiratory and Bacteraemic Infections)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Recent Articles

Open Access Journals

Highly Accessed Articles

Latest Books

News

Blog Posts

Topics

Selected Special Issues

Selected Collections

Journals by Subject

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI