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32 pages, 22664 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Buckling Behavior of Perforated Cold-Formed Steel Uprights: Experimental Evaluation and Comparative Assessment Using FEM, EWM, and DSM

by George Taranu, Serban Iacob and Nicolae Taranu

Buildings 2025, 15(9), 1561; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15091561 (registering DOI) - 6 May 2025

Abstract

This paper presents an experimental and numerical investigation of the axial compression behavior of perforated cold-formed steel upright profiles commonly used in pallet racking systems. The primary objective is to examine how slenderness influences the failure modes and load-bearing capacity of these structural [...] Read more.

This paper presents an experimental and numerical investigation of the axial compression behavior of perforated cold-formed steel upright profiles commonly used in pallet racking systems. The primary objective is to examine how slenderness influences the failure modes and load-bearing capacity of these structural elements. Three column lengths, representative of typical vertical spacing in industrial rack systems, were tested under pin-ended boundary conditions. All specimens were fabricated from 2 mm thick S355 steel sheets, incorporating web perforations and a central longitudinal stiffener. Experimental results highlighted three distinct failure mechanisms dependent on slenderness: local buckling for short columns (SS-340), combined distortional–flexural buckling for medium-length columns (MS-990), and global flexural buckling for slender columns (TS-1990). Finite Element Method (FEM) models developed using ANSYS Workbench 2021 R1 software accurately replicated the observed deformation patterns, stress concentrations, and load–displacement curves, with numerical results differing by less than 5% from experimental peak loads. Analytical evaluations performed using the Effective Width Method (EWM) and Direct Strength Method (DSM), following EN 1993-1-3 and AISI S100 specifications, indicated that EWM tends to underestimate the ultimate strength by up to 15%, whereas DSM provided results within 2–7% of experimental values, especially when the entire net cross-sectional area was considered fully effective. The originality of the study is the comprehensive evaluation of full-scale, perforated, stiffened cold-formed steel uprights, supported by robust experimental validation and detailed comparative analyses between FEM, EWM, and DSM methodologies. Findings demonstrate that DSM can be reliably applied to perforated sections with moderate slenderness and adequate web stiffening, without requiring further local reduction in the net cross-sectional area. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cold-Formed Steel Structures)

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15 pages, 4536 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Machine Learning Approach to Generate High-Resolution Maps of Irrigated Olive Groves

by Rosa Gutiérrez-Cabrera, Ana M. Tarquis and Javier Borondo

Land 2025, 14(5), 1001; https://doi.org/10.3390/land14051001 (registering DOI) - 6 May 2025

Abstract

The increasing severity of water scarcity in southern Europe, caused by climate change, requires advanced and more efficient approaches to agricultural water management. In particular, in this paper, we address this problem for olive groves—a cornerstone of the region’s economy. We propose a [...] Read more.

The increasing severity of water scarcity in southern Europe, caused by climate change, requires advanced and more efficient approaches to agricultural water management. In particular, in this paper, we address this problem for olive groves—a cornerstone of the region’s economy. We propose a novel framework for generating high-resolution maps of irrigated olive groves that integrates remote sensing imagery and machine learning. Our approach leverages multi-temporal Sentinel-2 data, specifically the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), to capture seasonal vegetation dynamics. For classification, we explore two distinct models: (1) A Dynamic Time Warping (DTW)-based approach (with and without the Sakoe–Chiba Band constraints), where DTW aligns temporal NDVI sequences to enable robust comparisons of irrigation regimes, followed by a K-Nearest Neighbor classifier (KNN) that classifies plots as irrigated or rainfed. (2) An eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model that directly uses temporal NDVI profiles. Additionally, we compare the dependence of model performance on the length of the NDVI time series (ranging from one to seven seasons), finding that XGBoost requires a shorter time series to achieve optimal results, while KNN with DTW can benefit from longer historical records. Indeed, XGBoost nearly reaches its maximum accuracy using only data based on three seasons, achieving 0.79 compared to its peak performance of 0.80. Hence, our results indicate that this approach can accurately differentiate between irrigated and rainfed plots, enabling the generation of high-resolution irrigation maps for southern Spain. Finally, we argue that the results of this paper go beyond mere mapping: they lay the foundation for a comprehensive management guide that can optimize water use, with broad implications. Such implications range from empowering precision agriculture to providing a roadmap for land management, ensuring both the sustainability and productivity of olive groves in drought-affected regions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Building Climate-Resilient Farms: Navigating Risks and Adaptation in Agriculture)

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28 pages, 11298 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Geodetector-Based Analysis of Spatiotemporal Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Mechanisms for Rural Homestays in Beijing

by Yiyuan Hei, Yifei Sui, Wei Gao, Mei Zhao, Min Hu and Mengyuan Gao

Land 2025, 14(5), 997; https://doi.org/10.3390/land14050997 (registering DOI) - 5 May 2025

Abstract

Rural homestays have emerged as pivotal drivers of rural socioeconomic revitalization, particularly in metropolitan peripheries characterized by intensified urban–rural dynamics. However, their spatiotemporal distribution patterns and underlying mechanisms remain underexplored. This study employs Geodetector and related analytical methods to examine rural homestays in [...] Read more.

Rural homestays have emerged as pivotal drivers of rural socioeconomic revitalization, particularly in metropolitan peripheries characterized by intensified urban–rural dynamics. However, their spatiotemporal distribution patterns and underlying mechanisms remain underexplored. This study employs Geodetector and related analytical methods to examine rural homestays in Beijing, aiming to decipher spatial heterogeneity and driving factors. The results reveal a distinct “large-scale dispersion with small-scale clustering” pattern marked by pronounced agglomeration in northern mountainous areas and sparse distributions in southern suburban regions. Temporally, the sector currently exhibits a notable expansion–contraction phase influenced by external factors, alongside spatial centroid migration toward resource-rich zones. Geodetector quantification identifies the proximity to transportation nodes and vegetation coverage as primary spatial determinants, while socioeconomic factors demonstrate comparatively limited influence—contrasting sharply with urban contexts. Rural homestay concentration zones are classified into high-, medium-, and low-intensity categories based on the homestay density, with high-intensity zones leveraging apex advantages of scenic resources, cultural heritage, and infrastructure. These findings underscore the interplay of natural environmental factors, tourism resources, transportation accessibility, and socioeconomic conditions in shaping agglomeration dynamics, providing actionable insights for optimizing spatial planning and promoting sustainable development in rural regions adjacent to megacities. Full article

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27 pages, 4993 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of Coupled and Coordinated Development of Cultivated Land Multifunction and Agricultural Mechanization in China

by Yuan Qin, Zhongbo Li, Enwei Huang, Dale Lu, Shiming Fang, Xin Duan, Lulu Gao, Yinuo Zhao, Hanzhe Kang, Zixuan Liu and Zhen Yang

Land 2025, 14(5), 999; https://doi.org/10.3390/land14050999 (registering DOI) - 5 May 2025

Abstract

Cultivated land (CL), as the foundation of agricultural production, possesses multifunctionality, and its utilization mode directly influences the agricultural modernization process. This study systematically analyzed the coupled and coordinated development characteristics and driving mechanisms of cultivated land multifunction (CLM) and agricultural mechanization (AM) [...] Read more.

Cultivated land (CL), as the foundation of agricultural production, possesses multifunctionality, and its utilization mode directly influences the agricultural modernization process. This study systematically analyzed the coupled and coordinated development characteristics and driving mechanisms of cultivated land multifunction (CLM) and agricultural mechanization (AM) using data from 31 Chinese provinces between 2011 and 2021, aiming to reveal the complexity of regional agricultural modernization and provide scientific evidence for differentiated agricultural development strategies. Key research findings: (1) From 2011 to 2021, the levels of CLM utilization, AM development index, and their coupling coordination consistently increased, but regional development disparities were prominent. The CLM level in western regions was significantly lower than in eastern and central regions, with regional differences in AM development gradually expanding. (2) Driving factors of coupled and coordinated development varied significantly across regions: eastern regions were primarily driven by technological innovation, central regions were influenced by production efficiency and social security, and western regions were mainly constrained by ecological functions. (3) Natural conditions such as cultivated land area, quality, and land flatness significantly impact the coordinated development of AM and CLM. This study innovatively constructed an evaluation index system for CLM and AM coupling coordination, integrating socio-economic and remote sensing data. By employing entropy weight TOPSIS and coupling coordination models, it conducted an in-depth analysis of long-term temporal changes and revealed the internal mechanisms of regional coordinated development through spatial econometric methods. The research results not only provide theoretical support for regional agricultural modernization but also offer scientific references for formulating differentiated agricultural development policies, promoting synergistic development of agricultural modernization and ecological civilization construction, and exploring more precise and sustainable regional agricultural development paths. Full article

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26 pages, 1108 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Green Finance and Regional Technological Innovation in China: The Mediating Role of R&D Investment

by Ading Li, Adul Supanut and Jianxu Liu

Int. J. Financial Stud. 2025, 13(2), 78; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs13020078 (registering DOI) - 5 May 2025

Abstract

In light of global initiatives aimed at promoting sustainability and low-carbon growth, this research investigates how green finance affects regional technological innovation in China, specifically highlighting the mediating effect of R&D investment. Utilizing panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2008 to [...] Read more.

In light of global initiatives aimed at promoting sustainability and low-carbon growth, this research investigates how green finance affects regional technological innovation in China, specifically highlighting the mediating effect of R&D investment. Utilizing panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2008 to 2021, we apply fixed-effects and mediation models to explore these relationships. The results indicate a strong positive link between green finance and regional technological innovation, with R&D investment acting as a partial mediator. Furthermore, the capabilities for regional innovation and entrepreneurship enhance the influence of green finance on R&D investment. However, in areas with greater innovation and entrepreneurship capabilities, the additional effect of R&D investment tends to decrease. Based on these results, the study proposes targeted policy recommendations, including enhancing green finance policies, improving financial institution services, promoting enterprise-led R&D activities, and fostering regional collaboration to achieve balanced innovation development. These insights provide both theoretical and practical significance for leveraging green finance to advance sustainable innovation. Full article

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10 pages, 1035 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Longitudinal Systolic Excursion of the Mitral Annular Plane and Left Ventricular Rotational Mechanics Are Associated in Healthy Adults—Three-Dimensional Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography-Derived Insights from the MAGYAR-Healthy Study

by Attila Nemes, Barbara Bordács, Nóra Ambrus and Csaba Lengyel

J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(9), 3201; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14093201 (registering DOI) - 5 May 2025

Abstract

Introduction: The rotational mechanics of the left ventricle (LV) play a significant role in maintaining systemic circulation. In clinical practice, three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (3DSTE) is one of the first methods to be used that is suitable for routine, non-invasive investigations, even in [...] Read more.

Introduction: The rotational mechanics of the left ventricle (LV) play a significant role in maintaining systemic circulation. In clinical practice, three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (3DSTE) is one of the first methods to be used that is suitable for routine, non-invasive investigations, even in healthy individuals, allowing the conduction of extensive but easily feasible tests. In routine clinical practice, mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) is used as an easy-to-implement parameter to judge the systolic longitudinal function of the LV; its prognostic significance is also clarified. The relationship between 3DSTE-derived LV rotational mechanics and MAPSE determined by M-mode echocardiography has never been assessed. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate it extensively in healthy adults. Methods: The present study consisted of 108 healthy adult volunteers (mean age 28.1 ± 6.3 years, 50 men). Complete two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography with MAPSE measurements and 3DSTE-derived assessment of LV rotational parameters were performed in all cases. Results: Both the apical and basal LV rotations and the consequential LV twist showed trends toward increase, with increasing MAPSE resulting in the LV twist being largest when the MAPSE was largest. While reduced basal LV rotation was associated with reduced MAPSE, a further increase in MAPSE with increasing basal LV rotation could not be demonstrated. With an increase in apical LV rotation, a trend toward an increase in MAPSE was seen, and was largest when the apical LV rotation was largest. No correlations could be demonstrated between MAPSE and basal LV rotation and apical LV rotation. Conclusions: Associations between LV longitudinal shortening, represented by MAPSE, and LV rotational mechanics could be demonstrated in healthy adults. These findings could have implications for assessing LV function in early disease states. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Echocardiography and Its Clinical Applications)

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21 pages, 544 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Feeding Sodium Hydroxide-Treated Almond Hulls to Assaf Sheep: Effects on Chemical Composition, Nutrient Digestibility, and Zootechnical Performance

by Halimeh Zoabi, Hajer Ammar, Soha Ghzayel, Bassem Abu Aziz, Ahmed E. Kholif, Alexey Díaz, Mario de Haro-Martí, Mireille Chahine and Secundino López

Agriculture 2025, 15(9), 1000; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15091000 (registering DOI) - 5 May 2025

Abstract

Feeding accounts for approximately 70% of total costs in livestock production, underscoring the need for cost-effective and high-quality alternative feed sources. Almond hulls (AHs), a byproduct of the almond processing industry, represent a promising option due to their availability and potential nutritional value. [...] Read more.

Feeding accounts for approximately 70% of total costs in livestock production, underscoring the need for cost-effective and high-quality alternative feed sources. Almond hulls (AHs), a byproduct of the almond processing industry, represent a promising option due to their availability and potential nutritional value. Moreover, their inclusion in animal diets contributes to a reduction in environmental waste associated with their disposal. This study examined the effects of incorporating 4% sodium hydroxide (NaOH)-treated AHs into the diets of Assaf sheep (rams, ewes, and growing lambs) on feed utilization and animal performance. The experiment evaluated the chemical composition of AHs, nutrient digestibility, sexual behavior and semen quality in rams, milk composition in ewes, and the performance of growing lambs fed diets with increasing levels of inclusion of AHs. A total of 60 ewes and 21 rams were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups, receiving diets containing 0%, 20%, or 40% AHs. NaOH treatment reduced the concentrations of organic matter and fiber fractions, while increasing the crude protein concentration of AHs (p < 0.01). Diets containing AHs did not affect nutrient digestibility (p > 0.05). Feeding a diet with 40% Na-OH-treated AHs significantly improved the daily weight gain (p = 0.002) of growing lambs up to 70 days after birth, and enhanced (p < 0.05) the libido, scrotal circumference, and semen quality of mature rams. In addition, ewes fed a diet containing 40% AHs showed (p < 0.05) improved fertility, prolificacy, and milk quality. NaOH-treated AHs are a cost-effective and sustainable feed ingredient that can improve reproductive performance and milk production, thereby increasing overall livestock productivity. The 40% inclusion level yielded the most favorable outcomes across all performance parameters evaluated in rams, ewes, and lambs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Valorization of Agri-Food Waste Bioresources for Sustainable Livestock Feeding)

11 pages, 1933 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Focal Plane Array Based on Silicon Nitride for Optical Beam Steering at 2 Microns

by Qing Gao, Jiaqi Li, Jincheng Wei, Jinjie Zeng, Dong Yang, Xiaoqun Yu, Mingshen Peng, Hongwen Xuan, Ruijun Wang and Yanfeng Zhang

Photonics 2025, 12(5), 448; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12050448 (registering DOI) - 5 May 2025

Abstract

The 2 μm wavelength is ideal for light detection and ranging and gas sensing due to its eye-safe operation, strong molecular absorption targeting, and low atmospheric scattering—critical for environmental monitoring and free-space communications. The existing 2 μm systems rely on mechanical beam steering, [...] Read more.

The 2 μm wavelength is ideal for light detection and ranging and gas sensing due to its eye-safe operation, strong molecular absorption targeting, and low atmospheric scattering—critical for environmental monitoring and free-space communications. The existing 2 μm systems rely on mechanical beam steering, which limits speed and reliability. Integrated photonic solutions have not yet been demonstrated in this wavelength. We propose a focal plane array design to address these challenges. Compared to optical phased arrays requiring complex phase control for each antenna, FPAs have a simple switch-based control and high suppression of background noise. Although FPAs need an external lens for beam collimation, they significantly reduce system complexity. This study introduces a compact, low-loss 1 × 8 focal plane array operating in the 2 μm range, employing a cascaded Mach–Zehnder interferometer switch array on a silicon nitride platform. The device demonstrates a field of view of 16.8°, background suppression better than 17 dB, and excess loss of −1.4 dB. This integrated photonic beam steering solution offers a highly promising, cost-effective approach for rapid beam switching. This integrated photonic beam steering solution offers a highly promising, cost-effective approach for rapid beam switching. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Free-Space Optical Communication and Networking Technology)

29 pages, 5527 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Multi-Hazard Assessment in Post-Mining Landscape and Potential for Geotourism Development (On the Example of the Central Spiš Region in Slovakia)

by Vladimír Čech, Radoslav Klamár, Juliana Krokusová and Jana Vašková

Land 2025, 14(5), 1000; https://doi.org/10.3390/land14051000 (registering DOI) - 5 May 2025

Abstract

The presented article is focused on a spatial analysis and identification of high and medium risk areas and their impact on potential for geotourism development in the Central Spiš region in Slovakia. To achieve this goal, we used a combination of two methods: [...] Read more.

The presented article is focused on a spatial analysis and identification of high and medium risk areas and their impact on potential for geotourism development in the Central Spiš region in Slovakia. To achieve this goal, we used a combination of two methods: the multi-hazard assessment method and the quantitative Geosite Assessment Model. The research results show that the geosites with the highest potential for the development of geotourism are also located in the low treat zone. These are mainly GS₉ adit Pavol (overall point value 16.25), GS₁ adit Rochus (15.25) and GS₈ adit Peter (14.00). On the other hand, geosites with a low point value for the development of geotourism, such as GS₁₀ sinkhole Baniská (7.75) and GS₅ tailings impoundment Markušovce (10.50), are located in the high treat zone. The obtained results show that even in the significantly anthropogenically burdened and economically underdeveloped post-mining landscape of the studied area, it is possible to identify positive impulses for further development. This concerns in particular the use of evaluated geosites in geotourism, with the aim of simultaneously supporting the protection of local cultural heritage, the natural environment and the socioeconomic development of the local community. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Collection for the International Association for Landscape Ecology (IALE))

25 pages, 691 KiB

Open AccessReview

Harnessing Data Analytics for Enhanced Public Programming in Archives and Museums: A Scoping Review

by Mthokozisi Masumbika Ncube and Patrick Ngulube

Heritage 2025, 8(5), 163; https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage8050163 (registering DOI) - 5 May 2025

Abstract

A notable lacuna exists in the extant research regarding the application of data analytics (DA) to augment public programming and cultivate robust connections between archives, museums, and their constituent communities. This scoping review aimed to address this gap by mapping the available literature [...] Read more.

A notable lacuna exists in the extant research regarding the application of data analytics (DA) to augment public programming and cultivate robust connections between archives, museums, and their constituent communities. This scoping review aimed to address this gap by mapping the available literature at the intersection of data analytics, archives, and museums. Adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines, a two-stage selection process was employed, utilising a comprehensive search strategy across four databases and seven specialised journals. This search identified 37 publications that met the pre-defined inclusion criteria. Findings revealed a growing interest in data-driven approaches, with nearly half of the reviewed studies explicitly linking data analytics to public programming. The review identified diverse data analytics techniques employed, ranging from traditional methods to cutting-edge artificial intelligence (AI) applications, and highlighted the various data sources utilised. Furthermore, this study examined the transformative potential of data analytics across several key dimensions of public programming, including access, archival management, user experience, public engagement, and research methodologies. The review noted ethical considerations, data quality issues, preservation challenges, and accessibility concerns associated with leveraging data analytics in archives and museums. Full article

13 pages, 682 KiB

Open AccessReview

Keep an Eye on Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) Technology: Secondary Findings and Differential Diagnosis in Inherited Retinal Dystrophies (IRDs)

by Fabiana D’Esposito, Matteo Capobianco, Caterina Gagliano, Alessandro Avitabile, Giuseppe Gagliano, Gabriella Esposito, Edoardo Dammino, Antonio Carotenuto and Marco Zeppieri

Biomedicines 2025, 13(5), 1117; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13051117 (registering DOI) - 5 May 2025

Abstract

Background: Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) Technology has represented a revolution in the molecular characterization of Inherited Retinal Dystrophies (IRDs), which are among the most genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous conditions. NGS has allowed the characterization of a consistent number of patients affected by [...] Read more.

Background: Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) Technology has represented a revolution in the molecular characterization of Inherited Retinal Dystrophies (IRDs), which are among the most genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous conditions. NGS has allowed the characterization of a consistent number of patients affected by IRDs, but at the same time, unexpected results can pose diagnostic dilemmas. Aim: The purpose of this review is to describe possible scenarios as a reference for ophthalmologists and geneticists who are involved in this particularly complex field. Methods: A review of the existing literature has been performed. In addition, examples have been brought, from a series of patients that have been analyzed at the University of Naples “Federico II”-CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore”. Results: Unexpected results in the genetic characterization of IRDs are not uncommon. The main findings are additional variants that potentially modify phenotypes, deletions masked by apparent homozygosity, and pathogenic variants leading to phenotypes revisitation. Conclusions: The high genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity characterizing IRDs have been greatly advantaged by the advent of NGS Technology. At the same time, the not uncommon finding of unexpected data poses diagnostic criticisms that need to be addressed. In this review, we describe possible scenarios, and we go through some more complex genotype–phenotype correlations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Molecular and Translational Medicine)

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15 pages, 4004 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Continental Shale Oil Reservoir Lithofacies Identification and Classification with Logging Data—A Case Study from the Bohai Bay Basin, China

by Zhongkui Liang, Xueying Li, He Zhou, Lingjian Meng, Aiyan Sun, Qiong Wu and Huijian Wen

Minerals 2025, 15(5), 484; https://doi.org/10.3390/min15050484 (registering DOI) - 5 May 2025

Abstract

The development of laminations and mineral composition significantly determine the quality of shale oil reservoirs. The quantitative characterization of lamination development indicators and accurate calculation of mineral composition are key issues in logging evaluation. The Shahejie Formation continental shale oil reservoir in the [...] Read more.

The development of laminations and mineral composition significantly determine the quality of shale oil reservoirs. The quantitative characterization of lamination development indicators and accurate calculation of mineral composition are key issues in logging evaluation. The Shahejie Formation continental shale oil reservoir in the Nanpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, was taken as a case study. Based on electrical imaging logging data, a high-pass filter was designed using the Chebyshev optimal approximation method to extract high-frequency information from the microelectrode curves of the electrical images. A high-resolution quantitative characterization method for millimeter-scale laminated structures of laminae was established, which improved the resolution by 2 to 3 times compared to the static and dynamic image resolutions of electrical imaging. By constructing lamination indices to characterize the sedimentary structural features of reservoirs, we effectively enhanced the fine recognition capability of electrical imaging logging data for sedimentary structures. Utilizing stratigraphic elemental well-log data, we employed an elemental–mineral component conversion model and optimized iterative techniques for accurate mineral composition calculation. We constructed a lithofacies classification scheme based on well-log data using the “rock types + sedimentary structures “approach, combined with research findings on lithofacies identification from well logs, and we identified 12 lithofacies types in the continental shale oil reservoirs of the Nanpu Sag, achieving fine-grained lithofacies logging identification across the entire area. The detailed lithofacies logging classification results were consistent with fine core descriptions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Mineral Exploration Methods and Applications)

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35 pages, 12755 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Predation, Propitiation and Performance: Ethnographic Analogy in the Study of Rock Paintings from the Lower Parguaza River Basin, Bolivar State, Venezuela

by Kay Tarble de Scaramelli and Franz Scaramelli

Arts 2025, 14(3), 51; https://doi.org/10.3390/arts14030051 (registering DOI) - 5 May 2025

Abstract

Rock art sites located in areas inhabited by indigenous peoples offer extraordinary opportunities for interpretation using ethnographic analogy. Nonetheless, we must examine the pertinence of a direct historical approach when dealing with sequences of rock art that may extend back several millennia. Recent [...] Read more.

Rock art sites located in areas inhabited by indigenous peoples offer extraordinary opportunities for interpretation using ethnographic analogy. Nonetheless, we must examine the pertinence of a direct historical approach when dealing with sequences of rock art that may extend back several millennia. Recent decades have witnessed increasingly sophisticated ethnographic analyses that reveal the intimate relations between human and non-human entities and the generative role of myth, music, dance, artifacts, and physical settings in the enactment of creative contexts of lowland South America. This literature has led to a reassessment of the meaning of rock art images, the significance of context, and the place of sites in the landscape. In the pictographs found in several rock shelters on the lower Parguaza River of Venezuela, depictions of a wide variety of human and non-human figures offer insight into the relations between predation, propitiation, food, illness, and the different paths to spiritual knowledge that prevail in the myths and practices of local indigenous populations to this day. In this contribution we explore the promise and limits of ethnographic analogy in the study of sites from this area and offer an analysis of the development of the sites through time, with an eye on both disruption and continuity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Rock Art Studies)

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21 pages, 7461 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Studying the Role of Vegetarianism as a Potential Strategy for Cancer Prevention and Treatment, a Bibliometric Analysis

by Maria Chrysafi, Maria Gialeli, Constantinos Giaginis, Andreas Y. Troumbis and Georgios K. Vasios

Epidemiologia 2025, 6(2), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia6020023 (registering DOI) - 5 May 2025

Abstract

Vegetarianism, as a dietary pattern, is characterized by animal product avoidance and increased consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes. It has been associated with health benefits, both physical and psychological, and has raised interest as a potential strategy for cancer prevention [...] Read more.

Vegetarianism, as a dietary pattern, is characterized by animal product avoidance and increased consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes. It has been associated with health benefits, both physical and psychological, and has raised interest as a potential strategy for cancer prevention and treatment, which remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, demanding continual exploration of novel approaches. Background/Objectives: This study aims to describe trends in scientific publications about the relationship between vegetarianism and cancer and to highlight research gaps using bibliometric analysis. Methods: The methodology includes comprehensive research of three literature databases. After combining and cleaning these data, a final sample of 3427 studies was obtained that was analyzed using the Bibliometrix-R package. Results: The results indicate a continuously growing production of scientific publications. The most impactful sources, authors and their collaborations were identified. Author keywords, their co-occurrence network, and thematic trends were studied. Conclusions: Through synthesizing and critically evaluating insights from the scientific literature, we aim to contribute to the understanding of the potential benefits of vegetarianism in cancer prevention and management. However, due to the complexity of the topic, the results are often contradictory and could be used as a starting point for further research. Full article

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21 pages, 767 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Anti-Hangover and Hepatoprotective Effects of the Leaf Extract of Thunbergia laurifolia in Sprague–Dawley Rats

by Supaporn Intatham, Weerakit Taychaworaditsakul, Phraepakaporn Kunnaja, Ariyaphong Wongnoppavich, Kanjana Jaijoy, Sunee Chansakaow, Piyanuch Rojsanga and Seewaboon Sireeratawong

Pharmaceuticals 2025, 18(5), 685; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18050685 (registering DOI) - 5 May 2025

Abstract

Background/Objectives: The present study aims to evaluate the anti-hangover and hepatoprotective activities of the leaf extract of T. laurifolia in experimental animals. Methods: Two experiments were conducted that involved giving a single dose of the leaf extract of T. laurifolia (1, 10, or [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: The present study aims to evaluate the anti-hangover and hepatoprotective activities of the leaf extract of T. laurifolia in experimental animals. Methods: Two experiments were conducted that involved giving a single dose of the leaf extract of T. laurifolia (1, 10, or 100 mg/kg body weight) to rats 30 min either before or after administration of 40% ethanol (5 g/kg body weight). The locomotor activity of the rats was measured before and after receiving the test substances. Blood samples were collected to determine the ethanol, acetate, and liver enzyme levels. Liver tissues were collected to evaluate alcohol-metabolizing enzymes, antioxidant enzyme activities, and antioxidant levels. Results: Administration of the leaf extract of T. laurifolia to the rats prior to ethanol increased locomotor activity and reduced blood ethanol levels. The extract also prevented changes in liver enzyme levels and demonstrated antioxidant activity by scavenging free radicals resulting from ethanol-induced oxidative stress. Conversely, rats administered the leaf extract of T. laurifolia after receiving ethanol were able to reduce the elevated liver enzyme levels back to normal levels, and probably helped to inhibit the harmful effects of free radicals by stimulating the synthesis and/or activities of antioxidant enzymes. Administration of the leaf extract of T. laurifolia either before or after ethanol exposure was able to reduce the activity of an alcohol-metabolizing enzyme as well as reduce blood acetate levels. Conclusions: In summary, receiving the leaf extract of T. laurifolia before alcohol consumption could probably help to reduce hangover symptoms and was shown to have hepatoprotective effects superior to receiving the extract after alcohol consumption. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Products as an Alternative for Treatment of Human Diseases)

19 pages, 1846 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Identification and Chemical Control of Stem Canker Pathogen of Idesia polycarpa

by Jian Feng, Qiupeng Yuan, Xuzhong Chen, Lisha Fang, Tao Zhang, Zhen Liu, Yanmei Wang, Xiaodong Geng, Qifei Cai and Zhi Li

Plants 2025, 14(9), 1393; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14091393 (registering DOI) - 5 May 2025

Abstract

Idesia polycarpa is an important woody oilseed tree crucial for ensuring China’s grain and oil security. The expansion of I. polycarpa plantations has been accompanied by an increase in pests and diseases, with canker disease recently observed in two forests in Henan Province. [...] Read more.

Idesia polycarpa is an important woody oilseed tree crucial for ensuring China’s grain and oil security. The expansion of I. polycarpa plantations has been accompanied by an increase in pests and diseases, with canker disease recently observed in two forests in Henan Province. Field surveys revealed a disease incidence of 70.12% among 328 surveyed trees, indicating a substantial threat to plantation health. The most virulent pathogen, strain SQ5, was identified as Botryosphaeria dothidea through molecular sequencing and morphological analyses. Strain SQ5 showed an optimum growth temperature of 25 °C and a mycelial lethal temperature of 60 °C. The pathogen thrives in acidic conditions and is promoted by light, with the ability to utilize various carbon and nitrogen sources. In vitro toxicity assessments identified four effective fungicides: 70% thiophanate-methyl (EC50 = 0.0169 µg/mL), 43% tebuconazole (EC50 = 0.0219 µg/mL), 20% octylamine acetate (EC50 = 0.0271 µg/mL), and 40% difenoconazole (EC50 = 0.0954 µg/mL). Field trials demonstrated that 43% tebuconazole (average efficacy = 35.29%) and 40% difenoconazole (average efficacy = 23.53%) exhibited superior control of I. polycarpa canker. This study represents the first systematic analysis of I. polycarpa canker and its control measures, laying a foundation for further research and field management strategies. Given the significance of I. polycarpa in Chinese forestry, this underscores the need for effective management strategies to sustain its productivity and mitigate risks associated with expanding plantations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sexual and Asexual Reproduction in Forest Plants)

13 pages, 1369 KiB

Open AccessTechnical Note

Design and Initial Testing of Acoustically Stimulated Anaerobic Digestion Coupled with Effluent Aeration for Agricultural Wastewater Remediation

by John H. Loughrin, Philip J. Silva, Stacy W. Antle, Nanh Lovanh, Matias B. Vanotti and Karamat R. Sistani

AgriEngineering 2025, 7(5), 136; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering7050136 (registering DOI) - 5 May 2025

Abstract

The construction of an anaerobic digester coupled with post-digestion low-level aeration for agricultural wastewater treatment is described. The digester employs underwater speakers to accelerate the anaerobic digestion process while retaining solids to reduce the strength of the effluent. The effluent is sent to [...] Read more.

The construction of an anaerobic digester coupled with post-digestion low-level aeration for agricultural wastewater treatment is described. The digester employs underwater speakers to accelerate the anaerobic digestion process while retaining solids to reduce the strength of the effluent. The effluent is sent to a holding tank and fed at a low flow rate to an aeration tank to effect partial nitrification of the wastewater. The outlet of this tank is sent to a settling tank to retain biomass that developed in the aeration tank, and the effluent is sent to a small constructed wetland to further reduce wastewater nitrogen and phosphorus. The wetland was planted with the broadleaf cattail, Typha latifolia, and hence led to the formation of a retention basin. The system has reduced energy consumption due to the use of underwater sonic treatment and low-level aeration that is not designed to achieve full nitrification/denitrification but rather to achieve a mixture of ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate that might foster the development of a consortium of organisms (i.e., nitrifiers and Anammox bacteria) that can remediate wastewater ammonium at low cost. The system is meant to serve as a complex where various technologies and practices can be evaluated to improve the treatment of agricultural wastewater. Preliminary data from the system are presented. Full article

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35 pages, 1154 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research on the Resilience of a Railway Network Based on a Complex Structure Analysis of Physical and Service Networks

by Tiansheng Dong, Yizhang Li, Kairan Sun and Junhua Chen

Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(9), 5135; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15095135 (registering DOI) - 5 May 2025

Abstract

This study examines railway network resilience through a complex network analysis of both the physical infrastructure and service operations. The objectives were to quantify the resilience characteristics of China’s railway network, assess its performance under different disturbance types, and evaluate recovery strategy effectiveness. [...] Read more.

This study examines railway network resilience through a complex network analysis of both the physical infrastructure and service operations. The objectives were to quantify the resilience characteristics of China’s railway network, assess its performance under different disturbance types, and evaluate recovery strategy effectiveness. Network resilience was measured through accessibility, invulnerability, and restorability dimensions. The simulation results demonstrate that targeted disruptions cause significantly more damage than random disturbances, particularly when high-betweenness nodes are affected. Statistical analysis confirmed that betweenness-based recovery strategies outperform degree-based and random approaches. These findings provide a quantitative foundation for infrastructural planning, emergency response protocols, and resource allocation in railway systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Intelligent Transportation Systems in Railway: 2nd Edition)

24 pages, 3172 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Novel 3D Approach with a CNN and Swin Transformer for Decoding EEG-Based Motor Imagery Classification

by Xin Deng, Huaxiang Huo, Lijiao Ai, Daijiang Xu and Chenhui Li

Sensors 2025, 25(9), 2922; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25092922 (registering DOI) - 5 May 2025

Abstract

Motor imagery (MI) is a crucial research field within the brain–computer interface (BCI) domain. It enables patients with muscle or neural damage to control external devices and achieve movement functions by simply imagining bodily motions. Despite the significant clinical and application value of [...] Read more.

Motor imagery (MI) is a crucial research field within the brain–computer interface (BCI) domain. It enables patients with muscle or neural damage to control external devices and achieve movement functions by simply imagining bodily motions. Despite the significant clinical and application value of MI-BCI technology, accurately decoding high-dimensional and low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) electroencephalography (EEG) signals remains challenging. Moreover, traditional deep learning approaches exhibit limitations in processing EEG signals, particularly in capturing the intrinsic correlations between electrode channels and long-distance temporal dependencies. To address these challenges, this research introduces a novel end-to-end decoding network that integrates convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and a Swin Transformer, aiming at enhancing the classification accuracy of the MI paradigm in EEG signals. This approach transforms EEG signals into a three-dimensional data structure, utilizing one-dimensional convolutions along the temporal dimension and two-dimensional convolutions across the EEG electrode distribution for initial spatio-temporal feature extraction, followed by deep feature exploration using a 3D Swin Transformer module. Experimental results show that on the BCI Competition IV-2a dataset, the proposed method achieves 83.99% classification accuracy, which is significantly better than the existing deep learning methods. This finding underscores the efficacy of combining a CNN and Swin Transformer in a 3D data space for processing high-dimensional, low-SNR EEG signals, offering a new perspective for the future development of MI-BCI. Future research could further explore the applicability of this method across various BCI tasks and its potential clinical implementations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Intelligent Sensors)

17 pages, 342 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Combined Use of Lenvatinib and Locoregional Therapies for the Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

by Ronit Juthani, Pannaga Malalur, Ashish Manne and Arjun Mittra

Cancers 2025, 17(9), 1572; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17091572 (registering DOI) - 5 May 2025

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a commonly diagnosed malignancy, with the treatment for transplant-ineligible localized disease traditionally relying on locoregional therapies, such as surgical resection, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), and transarterial radioembolization (TARE). Systemic therapy has historically been reserved for advanced, unresectable HCC. However, lenvatinib, [...] Read more.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a commonly diagnosed malignancy, with the treatment for transplant-ineligible localized disease traditionally relying on locoregional therapies, such as surgical resection, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), and transarterial radioembolization (TARE). Systemic therapy has historically been reserved for advanced, unresectable HCC. However, lenvatinib, an oral multikinase inhibitor, has recently gained traction as part of a multimodal approach for localized HCC in combination with locoregional treatments. An upfront TACE or TARE can induce tumor hypoxia, leading to the upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which promotes tumor angiogenesis and progression. The rationale for combining lenvatinib with a locoregional therapy is to enhance tumor shrinkage while preserving liver function before a definitive intervention. Clinical trials, such as TACTICS and LAUNCH, have demonstrated improved outcomes with this approach. Additionally, retrospective studies, including those incorporating immune checkpoint inhibitors, have reported further benefits. This review explores the combination of lenvatinib with various locoregional modalities, including TARE, microwave ablation (MWA), and radiofrequency ablation (RFA), highlighting their indications and clinical outcomes. Furthermore, we discuss the ongoing and upcoming clinical trials investigating the integration of systemic agents with locoregional therapies for intermediate-stage HCC, including EMERALD-1, EMERALD-3, LEAP-012, and CheckMate 74W. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Advances in Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma)

20 pages, 6914 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Wind Turbine Airfoil Noise Prediction Method Based on Generalized Airfoil Database and Residual Neural Network

by Quan Wang, Haoran Zhang, Xiaodi Wang and Yang Ni

Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(9), 5123; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15095123 - 5 May 2025

Abstract

To address the limitations of existing wind turbine airfoil databases, the high computational cost, and low efficiency of noise prediction, this paper proposes a wind turbine airfoil noise prediction method based on generalized airfoil sets and residual neural networks. Firstly, taking a database [...] Read more.

To address the limitations of existing wind turbine airfoil databases, the high computational cost, and low efficiency of noise prediction, this paper proposes a wind turbine airfoil noise prediction method based on generalized airfoil sets and residual neural networks. Firstly, taking a database of 31 commonly used wind turbine airfoils as a reference, a generalized airfoil set with diverse geometric contours was generated. This was achieved by employing airfoil functional integration theory, B-spline curves, and the Class function/Shape function Transformation (CST) method while varying coefficients and control vector parameters. Secondly, the BPM semi-empirical model was used to compute the noise for the generalized airfoil set, which served as the data labels for deep learning. Finally, classical machine learning models were utilized to construct the airfoil noise prediction model. The results demonstrate that the airfoil noise prediction model constructed with the residual neural network (ResNet-18) achieved the highest prediction accuracy, with a mean squared error (MSE) of 0.0282 and a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.99972. Additionally, the trained model exhibited computational efficiency that was 17.5 times higher than the BPM model. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mathematical Models and Artificial Intelligence Methods for Digital Twins in Science, Engineering and Medicine)

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9 pages, 858 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparative Analysis of Anti-Müllerian Hormone Concentration in Two Indigenous Slovenian Sheep Breeds

by Nataša Šterbenc, Janko Mrkun, Špela Petročnik, Meta Sterniša and Maja Zakošek Pipan

Animals 2025, 15(9), 1332; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15091332 (registering DOI) - 5 May 2025

Abstract

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), produced only by granulosa cells, is a biomarker for ovarian reserve in sheep. This study compared AMH levels in two Slovenian breeds: Istrska pramenka (IP), a seasonal breeder, and Jezersko–Solčava (JS), which reproduces year-round. Blood serum samples from 78 sheep [...] Read more.

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), produced only by granulosa cells, is a biomarker for ovarian reserve in sheep. This study compared AMH levels in two Slovenian breeds: Istrska pramenka (IP), a seasonal breeder, and Jezersko–Solčava (JS), which reproduces year-round. Blood serum samples from 78 sheep were analyzed during the estrus period using an ovine AMH ELISA. JS sheep were grouped by age (1–3, 4–6, ≥ 7 years), while the majority of IP sheep were ≥7 years. AMH levels differed significantly between breeds (p < 0.001), with JS sheep showing higher concentrations. No age-related differences were found within the JS breed (p = 0.752), but JS sheep ≥ 7 years had higher AMH than IP sheep of the same age (p < 0.001). AMH levels were also higher in ewes lambing two lambs (p < 0.001) and were positively correlated with litter size, particularly in the JS sheep ≥ 7 years (p < 0.001). These findings suggest AMH is a useful fertility marker in sheep, although breed-specific reference values are essential for an accurate interpretation. The study highlights the influence of breed and age on AMH levels and its potential role in predicting reproductive performance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reproductive Management of Ruminants)

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18 pages, 3517 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Natural Variation of StNADC Regulates Plant Senescence in Tetraploid Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.)

by Jiaojiao Zhang, Jianfei Xu, Chunsong Bian, Shaoguang Duan, Jun Hu, Junhong Qin, Huan Wu, Ming He, Yinqiao Jian, Yanfeng Duan, Jiangang Liu, Wanxing Wang, Guangcun Li and Liping Jin

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(9), 4389; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26094389 (registering DOI) - 5 May 2025

Abstract

Senescence impacts plant growth and yields in tetraploid potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). Because of their homogenous tetraploid features, it is a major challenge to understand the genetic basis and molecular mechanisms of senescence. Here, we identified a novel central senescence regulator (Nicotinate-nucleotide [...] Read more.

Senescence impacts plant growth and yields in tetraploid potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). Because of their homogenous tetraploid features, it is a major challenge to understand the genetic basis and molecular mechanisms of senescence. Here, we identified a novel central senescence regulator (Nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase QPT/StNADC) through map-based cloning. Overexpression of StNADC^Z3 accelerated senescence in the late-senescence variety, with NAD content declining by around 40%. CRISPR/Cas9-induced StNADC mutant cr2–11 exhibited extremely early senescence, and the NAD content was reduced by 87% along with reduced chlorophyll content and photosynthesis. Moreover, the downstream products of the NAD synthesis pathway, such as NaMN, NAD, or niacin, can refresh the cr2–11 mutant to grow normally. Further, the transcriptomics and metabolomics data unveiled that the disrupting of StNADC impairs NAD metabolism, accelerating plant senescence through multiple biological levels. Our results show that StNADC is indispensable for NAD synthesis, and targeting the StNADC-mediated NAD synthesis pathway could be a useful strategy to regulate senescence in potato breeding preprograms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Plant Sciences)

15 pages, 929 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessing Wine Grape Cultivar Susceptibility to Spotted Wing Drosophila and Melanogaster-Type Drosophila in Hungarian Vineyards: Effects of Berry Integrity and Insights into Larval Interactions

by Abir Ibn Amor, Ágnes Kukorellyné Szénási, Csaba Németh, Ferenc Deutsch and Balázs Kiss

Insects 2025, 16(5), 497; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16050497 (registering DOI) - 5 May 2025

Abstract

The invasive spotted wing Drosophila (SWD) represents new challenges for European and North American fruit producers. The aim of our study was to examine wine grape cultivar susceptibility to this pest and melanogaster-type Drosophila (MTD) by surveying drosophilid populations using field traps and [...] Read more.

The invasive spotted wing Drosophila (SWD) represents new challenges for European and North American fruit producers. The aim of our study was to examine wine grape cultivar susceptibility to this pest and melanogaster-type Drosophila (MTD) by surveying drosophilid populations using field traps and conducting emergence tests. We assessed fly development from intact and artificially injured berries collected from four cultivars. Berries were incubated individually and in pooled samples to evaluate infestation patterns and potential larval interactions. Although grapes are generally considered less favorable hosts for SWD, the pest was consistently present across all vineyard plots. Infestation levels differed significantly among cultivars, with the Hungarian white cultivar Furmint being the most susceptible, while French-origin red cultivars Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon, along with the other Hungarian cultivar Rózsakő, were less susceptible. Berry integrity played a crucial role: intact berries showed minimal infestation, whereas physical injuries led to a substantial and significant increase in infestation rates and fly emergence. In contrast to SWD-dominated trap catches and the nearly equal proportions of SWD and MTD observed in intact berries, injured berries were predominantly colonized by MTD. This dominance became even more pronounced in pooled samples, suggesting that larval competition in shared environments favors MTD over SWD. These findings underscore the importance of grape cultivar traits and berry condition in shaping Drosophila infestation dynamics. Further research into the chemical and ecological drivers of host selection and interspecific interactions is warranted to improve vineyard pest management strategies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Insect Behavior and Pathology)

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26 pages, 2193 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Discovering Key Successful Factors of Mobile Advertisements Using Feature Selection Approaches

by Kai-Fu Yang, Venkateswarlu Nalluri, Chun-Cheng Liu and Long-Sheng Chen

Big Data Cogn. Comput. 2025, 9(5), 119; https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc9050119 (registering DOI) - 5 May 2025

Abstract

Programmatic buying has attracted growing interest from manufacturers and has become a driving force behind the growth of digital advertising. Among various formats, mobile advertisements (ads) have emerged as a preferred choice over traditional ones due to their advanced automation, adaptability, and cost-effectiveness. [...] Read more.

Programmatic buying has attracted growing interest from manufacturers and has become a driving force behind the growth of digital advertising. Among various formats, mobile advertisements (ads) have emerged as a preferred choice over traditional ones due to their advanced automation, adaptability, and cost-effectiveness. Despite their increasing adoption, academic research on mobile ads remains relatively limited. Unlike conventional statistical analysis techniques, the proposed feature selection methods eliminate the need for assumptions related to data properties such as independence, normal distribution, and constant variance in regression. Additionally, feature selection techniques have recently gained traction in big data analysis, addressing the limitations inherent in traditional statistical approaches. Consequently, this study aims to determine the key success factors of mobile ads in fostering customer loyalty, offering advertisers valuable insights for optimizing mobile ad design. This study begins by identifying potential factors influencing mobile advertising effectiveness. Then, it applies Support Vector Machine Recursive Feature Elimination (SVM-RFE), correlation-based selection, and consistency-based selection methods to determine the key drivers of customer retention. The findings reveal that “Price” and “Preference” are the most significant contributors to enhancing repurchase intention. Moreover, factors such as “Language”, “Perceived Usefulness”, “Interest”, “Mobile Device”, and “Informativeness” are also essential in maximizing the effectiveness of mobile advertising. Full article

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15 pages, 989 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Delayed Surgical Management of Congenital Syndactyly Improves Range of Motion: A Long-Term Follow-Up

by Aba Lőrincz, Hermann Nudelman, Edina Ilona Kormos and Gergő Józsa

J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(9), 3200; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14093200 (registering DOI) - 5 May 2025

Abstract

Background: Syndactyly, the congenital fusion of digits, compromises hand function and esthetics. Although surgical separation is the standard treatment, the optimal timing of the intervention remains controversial. Methods: We prospectively analyzed 20 pediatric patients (86 operated fingers) undergoing syndactyly repair, comparing early (≤24 [...] Read more.

Background: Syndactyly, the congenital fusion of digits, compromises hand function and esthetics. Although surgical separation is the standard treatment, the optimal timing of the intervention remains controversial. Methods: We prospectively analyzed 20 pediatric patients (86 operated fingers) undergoing syndactyly repair, comparing early (≤24 months) versus delayed (>24 months) surgery. Outcome measures included range of motion (ROM) at the metacarpophalangeal (MP), proximal interphalangeal (PIP), and distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints; complications (synostosis, nail deformities, finger length disparity, webbing); and patient-reported outcomes assessed by the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) and overall esthetic satisfaction scores. Results: The median age at surgery was 31 months (IQR25/75: 24.75–36.5), with a median follow-up of 72 months (IQR25/75: 42.0–86.25). Notably, digits III (28.24%) and IV (29.41%) were predominantly affected. Delayed surgery resulted in significantly improved MP ROM (90.98° ± 8.44° vs. 73.13° ± 22.37°, p = 0.004) and DIP ROM (76.28° ± 22.24° vs. 67.19° ± 22.78°, p = 0.028), with a non-significant trend toward better PIP ROM (93.00° ± 25.18° vs. 77.37° ± 30.29°, p = 0.075). Furthermore, the incidence of synostosis was markedly reduced in the delayed surgery group (6.0% vs. 38.9%, p = 0.001). Despite superior joint function associated with delayed intervention, early surgery patients reported higher satisfaction with cosmetic results (3.00 vs. 2.80, p = 0.028), while the DASH scores remained comparably low between groups (0.00 vs. 0.24, p = 0.141). Finger length disparities and webbing were minimal. Conclusions: Our study challenges the conventional advocacy for early syndactyly repair, by demonstrating that delaying surgery beyond 24 months significantly enhances joint mobility and reduces the synostosis rate. However, the higher satisfaction observed as a result of early intervention suggests that surgical timing should be individualized for affected fingers, joints, and severities to balance the functional and cosmetic outcomes. Further studies are needed to define the optimal surgical timing and techniques for pediatric syndactyly. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pediatric Surgery—Current Hurdles and Future Perspectives)

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