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15 pages, 339 KB

Open AccessReview

Advanced Pulmonary Sarcoidosis: Treatment and Monitoring

by Gioele Castelli, Jessica Raja, Sam Banisadr and Vasileios Kouranos

Diagnostics 2025, 15(23), 3061; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15233061 (registering DOI) - 30 Nov 2025

Sarcoidosis is a multi-system inflammatory disease that poses several challenges to clinicians involved. Detecting advanced pulmonary sarcoidosis (APS) remains crucial at presentation as well as at every clinic visit since such a form of the disease is associated with an increased risk of [...] Read more.

Sarcoidosis is a multi-system inflammatory disease that poses several challenges to clinicians involved. Detecting advanced pulmonary sarcoidosis (APS) remains crucial at presentation as well as at every clinic visit since such a form of the disease is associated with an increased risk of developing respiratory failure, pulmonary hypertension (PH), and infectious complications, particularly in immunocompromised patients. As a result, APS accounts for the majority of sarcoidosis-related deaths. In this review, we focus on the definition of APS based on the identification of prognostic factors in pulmonary sarcoidosis. Additionally, we describe monitoring strategies for the detection of any disease progression and significant complications associated with the disease prognosis, such as pulmonary hypertension. Finally, the available treatment regimens for APS are reviewed with the aim of assessing the role of treatment strategies, especially since some patients are now eligible for antifibrotic treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sarcoidosis: From Diagnosis to Management)

12 pages, 258 KB

Open AccessArticle

Early Injection Laryngoplasty: Acoustic and Aerodynamic Outcomes with a Modified General Anesthesia Approach

by Esma Altan, Elife Barmak, Dilara Söylemez and Emel Çadallı Tatar

Medicina 2025, 61(12), 2140; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61122140 (registering DOI) - 30 Nov 2025

Abstract

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate postoperative changes in voice quality and glottic function following early injection laryngoplasty with hyaluronic acid performed using a modified general anesthesia approach without airway instrumentation in patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis. Materials and [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate postoperative changes in voice quality and glottic function following early injection laryngoplasty with hyaluronic acid performed using a modified general anesthesia approach without airway instrumentation in patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two patients (19 females, 13 males; mean age 51.8 years, range 21–70) who underwent injection laryngoplasty within the first three months after the onset of paralysis were included in this retrospective study. All procedures were performed under general anesthesia without endotracheal intubation, using endoscopic visualization. Objective acoustic and aerodynamic analyses and videostroboscopic examinations were performed preoperatively and postoperatively. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Significant postoperative improvement was observed in acoustic and aerodynamic parameters. Shimmer, jitter, and noise-to-harmonic ratio (NHR) values significantly decreased (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p = 0.001, respectively), while maximum phonation time (MFT) increased markedly (p < 0.001) and the S/Z ratio decreased (p = 0.006). The mean fundamental frequency (F0) decreased slightly but not significantly (p = 0.085). Videostroboscopic findings demonstrated improved glottic closure and vocal fold vibration. No major complications occurred. Conclusions: Early injection laryngoplasty with hyaluronic acid performed under general anesthesia and endoscopic guidance provides significant improvement in objective voice parameters and glottic efficiency in unilateral vocal fold paralysis. Early intervention appears to enhance phonatory stability and may prevent maladaptive laryngeal changes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Intensive Care/ Anesthesiology)

30 pages, 11298 KB

Open AccessArticle

Quality Control Technology for Abrasive Flow Precision Machining of a High-Performance Impeller

by Junye Li, Songyuan Li, Pingping Wei, Changqing Wang, Yanming Li, Ke Liu, Chunlin Liu, Yu Chen, Guiling Wu, Xiao Li, Baicheng Liu, Jiyong Qu, Haihong Wu, Jun Zhang and Ziqiang Zhang

Micromachines 2025, 16(12), 1370; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16121370 (registering DOI) - 30 Nov 2025

Abstract

The surface quality of high-performance impellers, which feature complex, free-form surfaces and narrow flow channels, is critically important for their performance and efficiency. However, achieving uniform precision polishing on these intricate geometries remains a significant manufacturing challenge, as traditional methods are often inefficient, [...] Read more.

The surface quality of high-performance impellers, which feature complex, free-form surfaces and narrow flow channels, is critically important for their performance and efficiency. However, achieving uniform precision polishing on these intricate geometries remains a significant manufacturing challenge, as traditional methods are often inefficient, inaccessible, or cause surface damage. To address this, this study investigates the application of solid–liquid two-phase abrasive flow machining (AFM) as a high-precision finishing solution. Through numerical simulation, we analyzed the polishing effects under two flow channel structures and various machining parameters. The results demonstrate that a gradual flow channel structure significantly enhances processing uniformity and intensity compared to a direct flow channel. Furthermore, increasing the inlet pressure and abrasive viscosity was found to substantially improve both the strength and uniformity of the machining effect across the impeller surface. Experimental validation via an orthogonal test design confirmed that inlet pressure is the most influential factor on the polishing effect, followed by abrasive grain size and the number of processes. The optimized process parameters (6 MPa inlet pressure, 10 process cycles, and 40 µm abrasive grain size) successfully reduced the average surface roughness (Ra) of the high-performance impeller from 0.766 µm to 0.047 µm, representing an improvement of nearly 94%. This study provides a scientifically grounded set of optimal parameters for achieving uniform, high-quality surface finishing of complex impellers using AFM technology. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section E：Engineering and Technology)

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17 pages, 340 KB

Open AccessArticle

Certain Subclasses of Te-Univalent Functions Subordinate to q-Bernoulli Polynomials

by Sondekola Rudra Swamy, A. Alameer, Basem Aref Frasin and Savithri Shashidhar

Mathematics 2025, 13(23), 3841; https://doi.org/10.3390/math13233841 (registering DOI) - 30 Nov 2025

Abstract

The present work centers on the significance of q-calculus in geometric function theory and its expanding applications within the domain of Te-univalent functions, especially those associated with special polynomials like the q-Bernoulli polynomials. Motivated by recent interest in these polynomials, our [...] Read more.

The present work centers on the significance of q-calculus in geometric function theory and its expanding applications within the domain of Te-univalent functions, especially those associated with special polynomials like the q-Bernoulli polynomials. Motivated by recent interest in these polynomials, our study introduces and analyzes a generalized subclass of Te-univalent functions that intimately relate to q-Bernoulli polynomials. For this new family, we establish explicit bounds for

| d_{2} |

and

| d_{3} |

, and provide estimates for the Fekete–Szegö functional

| d_{3} - ξ d_{2}^{2} |, ξ \in R

. Our findings contribute new results and demonstrate meaningful connections to prior work involving Te-univalent and subordinate functions, thereby broadening and integrating various strands of the existing literature. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Topics in Geometric Function Theory, 2nd Edition)

46 pages, 11450 KB

Open AccessArticle

Lightweight, High-Efficiency, High-Dynamic-Response and Low-Ripple DC-DC Converters Based on Interleaved Magnetic Integrated Switched-Coupled Inductor for Electric Propulsion Aircraft

by Rui Guo, Hongkai Gao, Li Chen, Yiyi Zhang and Lei Wang

Aerospace 2025, 12(12), 1067; https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12121067 (registering DOI) - 30 Nov 2025

Abstract

With the development of distributed electric propulsion aircraft, researching airborne high-efficiency, high-power-density, high-gain, high-dynamic and low-ripple, low-stress DC-DC that meets aviation standards is an urgent and profoundly challenging task (Research Background). We propose a new topology to implement related applications. The new topology [...] Read more.

With the development of distributed electric propulsion aircraft, researching airborne high-efficiency, high-power-density, high-gain, high-dynamic and low-ripple, low-stress DC-DC that meets aviation standards is an urgent and profoundly challenging task (Research Background). We propose a new topology to implement related applications. The new topology consists of an interleaved switched-inductor unit for a high-gain, low-ripple, and high-dynamic response, and a switched-capacitor unit for secondary boosting and low voltage stress. This study first analyzes in depth the operating principle and electrical characteristics of the proposed topology in different modes, showing that the proposed topology can achieve an extremely high voltage gain while maintaining low voltage stress. Moreover, the proposed topology employs interleaved inverse coupled inductors to eliminate right-half-plane zero (RHPZ). We establish a universal design guideline for coupled inductors by deriving the equivalent inductance equations, and we implement an ultra-lightweight switched-coupled inductor using planar thin-film integrated magnetic technology. We conduct small-signal modeling to verify the loop characteristics and stability of the proposed converter. Finally, the correctness of the theoretical analysis and the advantages of the proposed converter were verified through a 5000 W experimental prototype and comprehensive comparative experiments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Aircraft Technology (2nd Edition))

17 pages, 1918 KB

Open AccessArticle

AI-Driven Rheological and Tribological Performance Modeling of Transmission Oil Blended with Castor Oil and Enhanced with CeO₂ and MWCNTs Additives for Sustainable Lubrication Systems

by Vijaya Sarathi Timmapuram, Sudhanshu Dogra and Ankit Kotia

Lubricants 2025, 13(12), 523; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants13120523 (registering DOI) - 30 Nov 2025

Abstract

This study examines the rheological and tribological behavior of bio-based nano-lubricants enhanced with cerium oxide (CeO₂) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), alongside the application of artificial intelligence (AI) models for performance prediction. Rheological results confirmed non-Newtonian, shear-thinning behavior across all formulations. [...] Read more.

This study examines the rheological and tribological behavior of bio-based nano-lubricants enhanced with cerium oxide (CeO₂) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), alongside the application of artificial intelligence (AI) models for performance prediction. Rheological results confirmed non-Newtonian, shear-thinning behavior across all formulations. CeO₂-based lubricants exhibited significantly higher viscosities at 40 °C (up to ~3700 mPa-s at low shear), which decreased sharply with shear, indicating strong particle interactions. In contrast, MWCNT-based lubricants maintained moderate viscosities (90–365 mPa-s at 40 °C) with improved flowability due to nanotube alignment. At 100 °C, both systems showed viscosity reduction, stabilizing between 8 and 18 mPa-s, which favors pumpability in high-temperature applications. Tribological testing revealed distinct performance characteristics. CeO₂ lubricants showed slightly higher coefficients of friction (0.144–0.169) but excellent wear resistance, achieving the lowest wear rate of 1.66 × 10⁻⁶ mm³/N-m. MWCNT-based lubricants offered stable and lower CoF values (0.116–0.148) while also providing very low wear rates, with MCO6 achieving 1.62 × 10⁻⁶ mm³/N-m. However, ternary blends (C20T80 and M20T80) displayed moderate CoF but significantly higher wear rates (up to 2.92 × 10⁻⁵ mm³/N-m), suggesting that blending improves dispersion but weakens tribo-film stability. To complement the experimental findings, support vector regression (SVR), artificial neural networks (ANN), and AdaBoost algorithms were employed to predict key performance parameters based on compositional and thermal input data. The models demonstrated high prediction accuracy, validating the feasibility of AI-driven formulation screening. These results highlight the complementary potential of CeO₂ and MWCNT additives for high-performance bio-lubricant development and emphasize the role of machine learning in accelerating material optimization for sustainable lubrication systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rheology of Lubricants in Lubrication Engineering)

16 pages, 2515 KB

Open AccessArticle

Spatial Segregation Within Dissolving Microneedle Patches Overcomes Antigenic Interference and Enables Potent Bivalent Influenza–RSV Vaccination in Mice

by Feng Fan, Yehong Wu, Hongzhe Lin, Xin Zhang, Limei Wang, Yue He, Shijie Zhang, Mingju Zhang, Gan Zhao, Rong Xiang, Yating Kang, Mingyue Chen, Zhuang Li, Yi-Bing Guo, Hang Zhou, Chen Zhao, Man-Chuan Wang, Jian-Yang Gu, Bin Wang and Xiao-Ming Gao

Vaccines 2025, 13(12), 1213; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13121213 (registering DOI) - 30 Nov 2025

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Given the overlapping seasonality of influenza (Flu) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in human populations, Flu–RSV combination vaccines are urgently needed. However, development of combo-vaccines is often faced with intra-vaccine interference which could compromise vaccination outcomes. Here we present an approach [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Given the overlapping seasonality of influenza (Flu) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in human populations, Flu–RSV combination vaccines are urgently needed. However, development of combo-vaccines is often faced with intra-vaccine interference which could compromise vaccination outcomes. Here we present an approach to overcoming this problem using a microneedle array patch (MAP)-based combo-vaccine with minimum intra-vaccine interference. Methods: Vaccine-laden dissolving MAPs were fabricated using a two-step micro-molding process with polyvinyl alcohol as major excipient. A partition-loading strategy was adopted to ensure spatially segregated distribution of a split-virus Flu vaccine and recombinant prefusion protein of RSV in separate MAP sectors. Serum samples from BALB/c mice post-vaccination were assessed for titers of binding and neutralizing antibodies against the viruses. Live virus challenge studies were carried out to assess the protection efficacy of the MAP-based vaccines. Results: Although i.m. administered standalone Flu and RSV vaccines were able to induce strong IgG responses in BALB/c mice, bidirectional intra-vaccine interference was observed when the two vaccines were co-administered in premixed form. However, when the two vaccines were loaded onto nonoverlapping sectors of D-MAPs for intradermal vaccination, the intra-vaccine interference effect was effectively overcome. The partition-loaded MAP-Flu/RSV combo-vaccine elicited antigen-specific IgG with robust virus-neutralizing activity and was strongly efficacious against either virus in challenge studies. Conclusions: Our data provide proof-of-concept evidence for the potential usefulness of partition-loaded MAPs in overcoming a critical barrier in vaccinology and offer a promising platform for future clinical translation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Evaluation of Vaccine Efficacy, Safety and Immunogenicity Against Influenza, RSV and COVID-19)

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25 pages, 373 KB

Open AccessReview

Rapid Molecular Diagnostics for MDR Nosocomial Infections in ICUs: Integration with Prevention, Stewardship, and Novel Therapies

by Karina Cristina Marin, Stelian Adrian Ritiu, Adelina Băloi, Claudiu Rafael Barsac, Dorel Sandesc, Marius Papurica, Alexandru Florin Rogobete, Daiana Toma, Mirela Tamara Porosnicu, Ciprian Gindac, Madalina Butaș and Ovidiu Horea Bedreag

Diagnostics 2025, 15(23), 3060; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15233060 (registering DOI) - 30 Nov 2025

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) nosocomial infections remain a major challenge in intensive care units (ICUs), where delays in diagnosis and suboptimal antimicrobial therapy significantly impact outcomes. This narrative review synthesizes international literature and local epidemiological data from Western Romania to examine the role [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) nosocomial infections remain a major challenge in intensive care units (ICUs), where delays in diagnosis and suboptimal antimicrobial therapy significantly impact outcomes. This narrative review synthesizes international literature and local epidemiological data from Western Romania to examine the role of rapid molecular diagnostics in the management of MDR infections and their integration with prevention and antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) strategies. Methods: Evidence was collected through a narrative literature review using PubMed, WHO, and ECDC sources published between 2010 and 2025. Key terms included “rapid molecular diagnostics,” “sepsis,” “ICU,” “UNYVERO,” “GeneXpert,” “BioFire,” and “carbapenem resistance.” Studies were selected based on clinical relevance to rapid diagnostics and MDR pathogens; no PRISMA-based systematic methodology was applied. Results: Diagnostic performance varies by platform and clinical syndrome. UNYVERO Hospitalized Pneumonia panel demonstrates a sensitivity range of 88.8–91.4% and specificity of 94.9–99.5% in respiratory infections, with a turnaround time of approximately 4–5 h. The GeneXpert Carba-R assay identifies major carbapenemases within 45–60 min with reported sensitivity 96–100% and specificity of 93–99%. BioFire^® Pneumonia and Blood Culture Identification panels similarly provide rapid syndromic results within 1 h, enabling earlier optimization of antimicrobial therapy. Local ICU data from Western Romania identified a substantial burden of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, underscoring the need for rapid resistance detection to guide therapy. Conclusions: Rapid molecular diagnostics, when integrated with prevention bundles and AMS programs, facilitate earlier targeted therapy, support responsible antimicrobial use, and improve clinical decision-making in MDR infections. Their value is amplified in settings with high resistance prevalence. Wider implementation, combined with surveillance and access to novel antimicrobials, is essential to improve outcomes in critically ill patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)

29 pages, 3925 KB

Open AccessArticle

The C/D Model and the Effect of Prosodic Structure on Articulation

by Donna Mae Erickson

Languages 2025, 10(12), 298; https://doi.org/10.3390/languages10120298 (registering DOI) - 30 Nov 2025

Abstract

The Converter/Distributor (C/D) model, as proposed by Fujimura is theoretically grounded on articulatory observations of X-ray microbeam (XRMB) data that show that utterance syllable prominence patterns “dictate” the size, timing and phrasing of articulatory movements. This paper briefly addresses some key differences between [...] Read more.

The Converter/Distributor (C/D) model, as proposed by Fujimura is theoretically grounded on articulatory observations of X-ray microbeam (XRMB) data that show that utterance syllable prominence patterns “dictate” the size, timing and phrasing of articulatory movements. This paper briefly addresses some key differences between the C/D model and Articulatory Prosody (AP) before moving on to describe some of the basic components of the C/D model, e.g., the phonological prosodic input to the model, the Converter, which outputs, among other things, descriptions of syllable prominence patterns, prosodic boundaries, and syllable edge features, and the Distributor which enlists “elemental gestures” to articulatorily implement feature sets. Examples from previous research inspired by the C/D model illustrate how articulatory events, i.e., patterns of jaw lowering, account for the temporal organization of spoken language; also, how second language speakers tend to carry over their first language patterns of jaw lowering. Some applications of the C/D model are discussed, including first and second language acquisition, clinical applications, and new insights into prosodic phonology. The final section summarizes some of the strengths of the C/D model as well as the yet-to-be investigated aspects of the model. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Articulation and Prosodic Structure)

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13 pages, 419 KB

Open AccessReview

Peptide Vaccines for Pediatric High-Grade Glioma and Diffuse Midline Glioma: Current Progress and Future Perspectives

by Aron K. Mebrahtu, Vatsal Jain, Eliese M. Moelker, Alexandra M. Hoyt-Miggelbrink, Katayoun Ayasoufi and Eric M. Thompson

Vaccines 2025, 13(12), 1215; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13121215 (registering DOI) - 30 Nov 2025

Abstract

High-grade gliomas (HGGs) and diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) in pediatric patients carry a poor prognosis, necessitating the rapid development of novel therapies. Peptide vaccines represent a safe, repeatable, and rational immunotherapeutic modality aimed at inducing potent, tumor-specific T-cell responses. In this review, we [...] Read more.

High-grade gliomas (HGGs) and diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) in pediatric patients carry a poor prognosis, necessitating the rapid development of novel therapies. Peptide vaccines represent a safe, repeatable, and rational immunotherapeutic modality aimed at inducing potent, tumor-specific T-cell responses. In this review, we define the scope of current progress by arguing that immunogenicity in children with HGG/DMG hinges on three factors: appropriate antigen class (neoantigen vs. TAA), the use of potent immunoadjuvants, and successful navigation of immune suppression. To address the gap between biological promise and clinical reality, we analyze clinical trials targeting shared tumor-associated antigens (e.g., CMV pp65, Survivin) and specific shared neoantigens (H3.3K27M). Crucially, we highlight pivotal data from the PNOC007 trial, where the magnitude of H3.3K27M-specific T-cell expansion correlated directly with significantly longer overall survival (OS), establishing a causal link between pharmacodynamics and clinical benefit. However, the unique challenges of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and the detrimental effect of necessary corticosteroids remain paramount barriers. Future success relies on multi-modal combination strategies, the development of next-generation personalized neoantigen vaccines, and the application of advanced neuroimaging to accurately assess treatment response. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Development of Peptide-Based Vaccines)

16 pages, 1962 KB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Comparative Outcomes of Direct Versus Connector-Assisted Peripheral Nerve Repair

by Edoardo Agosti, Marco Zeppieri, Tamara Ius, Sara Antonietti, Lorenzo Gelmini, Luca Denaro, Antonella Bonetti, Marco Maria Fontanella, Fulvia Ortolani and Pier Paolo Panciani

Biomedicines 2025, 13(12), 2954; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13122954 (registering DOI) - 30 Nov 2025

Abstract

Background: Peripheral nerve injuries affect a significant proportion of patients with upper extremity trauma, with transections frequently requiring surgical intervention. While direct repair (DR) remains the historical standard, connector-assisted repair (CAR) has been proposed to improve functional outcomes by addressing limitations inherent to [...] Read more.

Background: Peripheral nerve injuries affect a significant proportion of patients with upper extremity trauma, with transections frequently requiring surgical intervention. While direct repair (DR) remains the historical standard, connector-assisted repair (CAR) has been proposed to improve functional outcomes by addressing limitations inherent to DR, such as fascicular misalignment and tension at the repair site. Objectives: The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate and compare the clinical effectiveness and complication rates of DR versus CAR in upper extremity peripheral nerve injuries. Methods: A systematic search of the PubMed, Scopus, and Ovid MEDLINE databases was conducted for clinical studies published between January 1980 and August 2025 that reported sensory outcomes after DR or CAR for peripheral nerve injuries in the upper limb. Studies were included if sensory outcomes could be categorized using the Medical Research Council Classification (MRCC) scale. The primary outcome was the rate of meaningful sensory recovery (MR), defined as MRCC ≥ S3, with a secondary threshold of MRCC ≥ S3+. Secondary outcomes included postoperative neuroma formation, cold intolerance, pain scores, altered sensation, and revision rate. Statistical analysis was performed using two-sided Fisher exact tests and unpaired t-tests, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Results: A total of 441 patients (DR) and 338 (CAR) were included, with mean ages of 34.2 and 37.3 years and a male predominance (79.7% vs. 73.8%). Overall, 705 nerves in DR and 436 in CAR were treated, mainly digital (86.4% vs. 79.9%), followed by ulnar, median, and radial. Sensory nerves predominated (86.4% vs. 81.6%), with mixed nerves more frequent in CAR (22.5%). Most injuries were Grade I (73% vs. 72.1%), with similar rates of Grades II–III. In the CAR group, the most used conduit was collagen type I (58.3%). Sensory recovery (S3+ and S4) was higher in CAR (69.3%) than DR (50.8%), while DR showed lower two-point discrimination >15 mm. Motor recovery was limited, with better values in DR. DASH scores averaged 13.2 (DR) and 18.2 (CAR), with follow-up of 26 and 23.8 months. Complications were more frequent in DR for cold intolerance, altered sensation, and pain, whereas neuromas, revisions, and fistulas were higher in CAR. Conclusions: Connector-assisted repair demonstrates better sensory recovery and less cold intolerance than DR in small-gap upper-extremity nerve injuries but with higher post-interventional risks and costs. DR remains effective for closely approximated nerves. Randomized trials are warranted, as current evidence is heterogeneous and mostly observational. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Molecular and Translational Medicine)

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25 pages, 3205 KB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Coordinated Radio Emitter Detection Process Using Group of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

by Maciej Mazuro, Paweł Skokowski and Jan M. Kelner

Sensors 2025, 25(23), 7298; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25237298 (registering DOI) - 30 Nov 2025

Abstract

The rapid expansion of wireless communications has led to increasing demand and interference in the electromagnetic spectrum, raising the question of how to achieve reliable and adaptive monitoring in complex and dynamic environments. This study aims to investigate whether groups of unmanned aerial [...] Read more.

The rapid expansion of wireless communications has led to increasing demand and interference in the electromagnetic spectrum, raising the question of how to achieve reliable and adaptive monitoring in complex and dynamic environments. This study aims to investigate whether groups of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can provide an effective alternative to conventional, static spectrum monitoring systems. We propose a cooperative monitoring system in which multiple UAVs, integrated with software-defined radios (SDRs), conduct energy measurements and share their observations with a data fusion center. The fusion process is based on Dempster–Shafer theory (DST), which models uncertainty and combines partial or conflicting data from spatially distributed sensors. A simulation environment developed in MATLAB emulates UAV mobility, communication delays, and propagation effects in various swarm formations and environmental conditions. The results confirm that cooperative spectrum monitoring using UAVs with DST data fusion improves detection robustness and reduces susceptibility to noise and interference compared to single-sensor approaches. Even under challenging propagation conditions, the system maintains reliable performance, and DST fusion provides decision-supporting results. The proposed methodology demonstrates that UAV groups can serve as scalable, adaptive tools for real-time spectrum monitoring and contributes to the development of intelligent monitoring architectures in cognitive radio networks. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Trends and Challenges in Reconnaissance, Jamming, and Unmanned Vehicles Capabilities)

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18 pages, 33110 KB

Open AccessArticle

Effective Dye Removal from Post-Consumer Cotton Textiles and Its Influence on the Quality of the Textiles

by Emalika Ayomani Munasinghe Arachchilage, Georg Stegschuster, Mesut Cetin and Maike Rabe

Textiles 2025, 5(4), 62; https://doi.org/10.3390/textiles5040062 (registering DOI) - 30 Nov 2025

Abstract

A major obstacle to textile recycling is the presence of dyes, which limits the reuse of fibers in high-value applications. Despite previous studies on, cotton decolorization, the systematic development of an optimal formulation that preserves fabric integrity remains lacking. This study addresses this [...] Read more.

A major obstacle to textile recycling is the presence of dyes, which limits the reuse of fibers in high-value applications. Despite previous studies on, cotton decolorization, the systematic development of an optimal formulation that preserves fabric integrity remains lacking. This study addresses this gap by investigating a decolorization method for mixed-dyed cotton textiles that enables successful redyeing while preserving fabric quality. Reactive and vat-dyed cotton fabrics were treated with sequential reductive and oxidative processes, in a full factorial design. The impact of input parameters on tensile strength was evaluated through statistical analysis using analysis of variance at a significance level of α = 0.05. The developed recipe was subsequently validated on post-consumer cotton textiles. Stripping efficiency was assessed using K/S values, and fabric quality was evaluated through tensile strength, pilling, and fuzzing appearance. Temperature showed the strongest influence on dye removal. Fabric strength was significantly affected by temperature and oxidizing agent, and by interactions of temperature with reducing agent and oxidation time. The optimized process achieved 98–99.5% color removal and retained 95% of the fabric’s tenacity. A stripping efficiency of >90% for post-consumer cotton validates the method’s applicability in real-world circular systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reinventing Textiles: The Intersection of Biology, Technology, and Design)

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12 pages, 227 KB

Open AccessArticle

Post-Traumatic Growth, Mindfulness, and Quality of Life in Liver Transplant Recipients: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Bilsev Demir, Semra Bulbuloglu and Kubra Kayaoglu

Transplantology 2025, 6(4), 36; https://doi.org/10.3390/transplantology6040036 (registering DOI) - 30 Nov 2025

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to examine post-traumatic growth, mindfulness, and quality of life in recipients after liver transplantation. Design and Methods: This study employs a descriptive and cross-sectional design. We collected data in an organ transplant center affiliated with a research and application [...] Read more.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine post-traumatic growth, mindfulness, and quality of life in recipients after liver transplantation. Design and Methods: This study employs a descriptive and cross-sectional design. We collected data in an organ transplant center affiliated with a research and application hospital in Eastern Turkey. The sample in our study included a total of 292 liver transplant recipients. We collected data using a personal information form, the Post-Traumatic Growth (PTG) Inventory, the Mindfulness Scale (MS), and the Quality of Life Questionnaire (QoL) Short Form (SF-36). We performed data analysis using descriptive statistical methods and one-way analysis of variance. Results: Of the liver transplant recipients, 72.6% were between 45 and 64 years of age, 72.3% were female, and 56.5% had undergone liver transplantation more than 1 year prior. Liver transplant recipients scored between 64.89 and 97.85 on the negative subscales. Recipients scored between 32.70 and 44.72 on the positive subscales in QoL SF-36. The PTG and MS mean scores were 62.43 ± 20.31 and 62.35 ± 7.14, respectively. There was a positive correlation between positive QoL sub-dimensions and MS and PTG (p < 0.05). Conclusions: We found a positive and strong relationship between PTG and mindfulness; in addition, we found that an increase in both had the effect of improving QoL. We recommend developing strategies that increase PTG, and that mindfulness be performed to improve QoL among patients following liver transplantation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Transplant Immunology and Immunosuppressive Drugs)

23 pages, 3395 KB

Open AccessArticle

Bovine Adipocyte-Derived Exosomes Transport LncRNAs to Regulate Adipogenic Transdifferentiation of Bovine Muscle Satellite Cells

by Guangyao Meng, Jiasu Zhang, Zewen Wu, Jixuan Song, Qian Sun, Xinxin Zhang, Mengxia Sun, Yang Yi and Guangjun Xia

Animals 2025, 15(23), 3459; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15233459 (registering DOI) - 30 Nov 2025

Abstract

Intramuscular fat content is a key factor in determining the quality and value of beef. Intramuscular adipocytes and satellite cells can interact with each other, and both are the source cells for intramuscular fat formation. To better understand the mechanism of bovine adipocytes [...] Read more.

Intramuscular fat content is a key factor in determining the quality and value of beef. Intramuscular adipocytes and satellite cells can interact with each other, and both are the source cells for intramuscular fat formation. To better understand the mechanism of bovine adipocytes regulating adipogenic transdifferentiation of muscle satellite cells (MSCs), this study established a co-culture system of bovine adipocytes and bovine MSCs, identified and isolated exosomes secreted by bovine adipocytes, co-cultured exosomes with bovine MSCs, and performed lncRNA sequencing of exosomes. The results showed that lipid droplets appeared in bovine MSCs under the co-culture system, and the expression levels of the PPARγ and CEBPA, which were lipogenesis-related genes, were significantly elevated. In addition, this study identified 3425 lncRNAs in adipocyte-derived exosomes, and the target genes of these lncRNAs were significantly enriched in gene functions and pathways related to transcriptional regulation, cellular differentiation, lipogenesis, and metabolism. It is worth noting that lncRNA-DGAT2 (lncDGAT2) can competitively bind to bta-miR-2455, increase the expression of target gene DGAT2, and promote adipogenic transdifferentiation of MSCs. In summary, bovine adipocytes can regulate the adipogenic transdifferentiation of MSCs through exosomes and exosomal lncRNAs. This study provides new insights into the regulation mechanism of bovine intramuscular fat deposition. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Cattle)

17 pages, 4177 KB

Open AccessArticle

Simulation for Transversely Isotropic Citrus Tree Vibration Characteristics Based on the Frenet Frame

by Haobo Jiao, Weihong Liu, Liang Pan, Jiwei Dong, Guiying Ren, Chengsong Li, Lihong Wang, Chen Ma, Yipeng Wang, Bangtai Zhao and Xi Guo

Agriculture 2025, 15(23), 2498; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15232498 (registering DOI) - 30 Nov 2025

Abstract

Vibration technology is a commonly used method for detaching citrus fruits, and studying the vibrational properties of citrus trees can helpfully improve the effectiveness of vibrating harvesters. The existing mechanical properties of wood have shown that tree materials in nature have transversely isotropic [...] Read more.

Vibration technology is a commonly used method for detaching citrus fruits, and studying the vibrational properties of citrus trees can helpfully improve the effectiveness of vibrating harvesters. The existing mechanical properties of wood have shown that tree materials in nature have transversely isotropic characteristics instead of isotropic ones. However, in the study of the vibrational characteristics of fruit trees, the material of fruit trees is still defined as isotropic. This paper presents a vibration simulation approach for transversely isotropic citrus trees using the Frenet frame to reveal the true physical characteristics of fruit trees. A comparison was carried between the vibration spectrum obtained from experiments on citrus branches and the simulated spectra from transversely isotropic and isotropic material models. The findings reveal that the simulated vibration spectra for the transversely isotropic citrus branch can closely match the experimentally measured spectra. This supports the effectiveness of simulation method for transversely isotropic citrus trees. Furthermore, simulations of the vibration frequency response characteristics for citrus trees with both transversely isotropic and isotropic materials showed notable differences in their spectra. The proposed simulation method for transversely isotropic citrus trees offers a more precise depiction of their actual vibrational properties. This simulation technique is crucial for optimizing the parameters of citrus harvesting equipment, leading to enhanced machine performance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Digital Agriculture, Smart Farming and Crop Monitoring)

25 pages, 5575 KB

Open AccessArticle

Neural Network Approach for the Estimation of Quadrotor Aerodynamic and Inertial Parameters

by Alejandro Jimenez-Flores, Pablo A. Tellez-Belkotosky, Edmundo Javier Ollervides-Vazquez, Luis Arturo Reyes-Osorio, Luis Amezquita-Brooks and Octavio Garcia-Salazar

Modelling 2025, 6(4), 157; https://doi.org/10.3390/modelling6040157 (registering DOI) - 30 Nov 2025

Abstract

The translational and rotational dynamics of quadrotor UAVs are commonly described by mathematical modeling where aerodynamic and inertial parameters are involved. Therefore, the importance of having accurate parameters in the model is critical for the correct performance of the UAV. In this paper, [...] Read more.

The translational and rotational dynamics of quadrotor UAVs are commonly described by mathematical modeling where aerodynamic and inertial parameters are involved. Therefore, the importance of having accurate parameters in the model is critical for the correct performance of the UAV. In this paper, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are used to estimate the aerodynamic and inertial parameters corresponding to the mathematical model of a quadrotor. Thrust and torque coefficients from the rotor models and the quadrotor inertia matrix are estimated by proposing and training two different ANN models implementing the back-propagation algorithm, using both experimental and simulation data. The estimated parameters are then compared with the reference parameters by means of quadrotor attitude simulations, showing high accuracy in their behavior. The results have shown that the proposed ANN models can accurately estimate both the aerodynamic and inertial parameters of a quadrotor UAV model using both experimental and simulation data, thus contributing to increasing the tools available for parameter estimation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in Modelling)

19 pages, 8699 KB

Open AccessArticle

Detecting Bubbles Rising in a Standing Liquid Column Using a Fibre Bragg Grating Grid

by Harvey Oliver Plows and Marat Margulis

J. Nucl. Eng. 2025, 6(4), 52; https://doi.org/10.3390/jne6040052 (registering DOI) - 30 Nov 2025

Abstract

Fibre Bragg grating (FBG) grid sensors are an underexplored technology with potential to benefit nuclear thermal hydraulics experiments. This paper presents a new FBG grid sensor consisting of 38 FBGs across 8 flow-crossing chords. Using this sensor, experiments determined for the first time [...] Read more.

Fibre Bragg grating (FBG) grid sensors are an underexplored technology with potential to benefit nuclear thermal hydraulics experiments. This paper presents a new FBG grid sensor consisting of 38 FBGs across 8 flow-crossing chords. Using this sensor, experiments determined for the first time that an FBG grid can detect large air bubbles rising in standing liquids—demonstrated in both columns of water and 20W50 automotive oil. The instrument’s sensitivity was quantified by comparing its measurements to high-speed camera recordings. Analysis of Bragg wavelength shift timings on each chord enabled the surface of a bubble to be reconstructed using the air–oil data. Finally, the increase in Bragg wavelength when bubbles interact with the FBG grid suggests a variant sensing principle different from that reported in the literature for FBG grids in flowing liquids. Full article

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23 pages, 2735 KB

Open AccessArticle

Emergency Control Strategies Research for Sudden Pollution Incident in Long-Distance Water Diversion Tunnels

by Chenchen Ji, Boran Zhu, Meiling Li, Haipeng Bi, Xiaodong Xu, Junqiang Lin, Shangtuo Qian and Wei Huang

Sustainability 2025, 17(23), 10731; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172310731 (registering DOI) - 30 Nov 2025

Abstract

This study investigates emergency response strategies for sudden pollution incidents in long-distance water diversion tunnels. The tunnel section of the Yin Chao Ji Liao Project in Inner Mongolia is used as a case study. A one-dimensional hydrodynamic water quality model was developed in [...] Read more.

This study investigates emergency response strategies for sudden pollution incidents in long-distance water diversion tunnels. The tunnel section of the Yin Chao Ji Liao Project in Inner Mongolia is used as a case study. A one-dimensional hydrodynamic water quality model was developed in Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) to analyze pollutant transport characteristics in the tunnel under various operating conditions. Based on the actual engineering conditions, control scenarios with multiple flow rates and multiple gate combinations were set up. Emergency control strategies for sudden pollution events were developed to address extreme pollution scenarios. The feasibility of scheduling gate operations according to pollutant transport response time for effective pollution mitigation was evaluated. On this basis, an expression for calculating gate-operation timings for emergency pollution control was derived. The results indicate that the peak concentration in the tunnel shows a decreasing trend as the flow rate increases, and the change process shows a stage-by-stage characteristic. Accounting for the response time of water discharge can improve pollution disposal efficiency by 4.34–52.14%. The efficiency gains become increasingly pronounced at higher flow rates, indicating that this strategy can effectively enhance water discharge efficiency. Installing water quality monitoring instruments near the drainage gate section helps improve the precision of regulation and effectively enhances the timeliness and accuracy of operations, and provides a theoretical reference for on-site emergency regulation and control. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Sustainable River and Lake Restoration: From Challenges to Solutions)

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16 pages, 1008 KB

Open AccessReview

Not So Benign: Revisiting Pure Membranous Lupus Nephritis

by Martina Uzzo, Marta Calatroni and Gabriella Luisa Moroni

J. Pers. Med. 2025, 15(12), 580; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm15120580 (registering DOI) - 30 Nov 2025

Abstract

Pure membranous lupus nephritis (pMLN, ISN/RPS-class V) is a rare form of lupus nephritis (LN). Despite being associated with significant comorbidities, it has traditionally been considered a less aggressive subtype. Emerging data challenges this perception, highlighting its potential for chronic kidney disease progression [...] Read more.

Pure membranous lupus nephritis (pMLN, ISN/RPS-class V) is a rare form of lupus nephritis (LN). Despite being associated with significant comorbidities, it has traditionally been considered a less aggressive subtype. Emerging data challenges this perception, highlighting its potential for chronic kidney disease progression and kidney failure. pMLN is pathologically defined by subepithelial immune-complex deposits and typically presents with nephrotic syndrome, preserved renal function, and fewer systemic/immunologic manifestations compared to proliferative LN (ISN/RPS-classes III/IV). Repeat biopsies reveal frequent histological class switching from pMLN to proliferative and mixed LN forms, underscoring the dynamic nature of the disease and the limitations of clinical markers in reflecting histological activity. While the ISN/RPS kidney biopsy classification provides important prognostic insight, it does not fully capture underlying molecular heterogeneity. Recent advances in precision medicine, including proteomic and biomarker studies (e.g., EXT1/2, NCAM1), offer promising tools for patient stratification and tailored treatments. International guidelines now recommend immunosuppressive therapy for pMLN, aligning treatment strategies more closely with those for proliferative and mixed LN. Overall, pMLN should be considered a distinct but clinically relevant LN subtype requiring personalized management based on clinical, histological and molecular features. Long-term monitoring is essential, as baseline presentation does not reliably predict treatment response or disease trajectory. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Precision Medicine in Chronic Kidney Disease: Diagnostics, Treatment, and Outcomes)

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24 pages, 4123 KB

Open AccessReview

A Review of Simultaneous Catalytic Removal of NO_x and VOCs: From Mechanism to Modification Strategy

by Zhongliang Tian, Xingjie Ding, Hua Pan, Qingquan Xue, Jun Chen and Chi He

Catalysts 2025, 15(12), 1114; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15121114 (registering DOI) - 30 Nov 2025

Abstract

Simultaneous catalytic elimination of nitrogen oxides (NO_x) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) represents a promising technology for addressing the synergistic pollution of fine particulate matters of <2.5 μm diameter (PM_2.5) and O₃. Nevertheless, it has been maintaining [...] Read more.

Simultaneous catalytic elimination of nitrogen oxides (NO_x) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) represents a promising technology for addressing the synergistic pollution of fine particulate matters of <2.5 μm diameter (PM_2.5) and O₃. Nevertheless, it has been maintaining significant challenges in practical implementation, particularly the inherent mismatch in temperature windows between NO_x reduction and VOCs oxidation pathways, coupled with catalyst poisoning and deactivation phenomena. These limitations have hindered the industrial application of bifunctional catalysts for the removal of concurrent pollutant. This review systematically explored the fundamental mechanisms and functional roles of active sites in controlling synchronous catalytic processes. The mechanism of catalyst deactivation caused by multiple toxic substances has been comprehensively analyzed, including sulfur dioxide (SO₂), water vapor (H₂O), chlorine-containing species (Cl*), reaction by-products, and heavy metal contaminants. Furthermore, we critically evaluated the strategies of doping regulation, nanostructure engineering and morphology optimization to enhance the performance and toxicity resistance of catalysts. Meanwhile, emerging regeneration techniques and reactor design optimizations are discussed as potential solutions to improve the durability of catalysts. Based on the above critical aspects, this review aims to provide insights and guidelines for developing robust catalytic systems capable of controlling multi-pollutants in practical applications, and to offer theoretical guidance and technical solutions to bridge the gap between laboratory research and industrial environmental governance applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Environmental Catalysis for a Sustainable Future)

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31 pages, 16174 KB

Open AccessArticle

Comparative Immunomodulatory Efficacy of Chemogenic and Biogenic Manganese Nanoparticles for Inducing Arsenic Stress Resilience in Rapeseed

by Muhammad Arslan Yousaf, Muhammad Noman, Ayesha Khalil Maan, Basharat Ali, Muhammad Kamran, Muhammad Shahbaz Naeem, Mohammad Shafiqul Islam, Yiwa Hu, Skhawat Ali and Weijun Zhou

Agronomy 2025, 15(12), 2773; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15122773 (registering DOI) - 30 Nov 2025

Abstract

Arsenic (As) contamination poses a critical threat to agricultural productivity, affecting rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), an agronomically important crop. A comparative assessment was performed to evaluate the efficacy of chemogenic and biogenic manganese nanoparticles (C-MnNPs and B-MnNPs) for mitigating As toxicity. B-MnNPs [...] Read more.

Arsenic (As) contamination poses a critical threat to agricultural productivity, affecting rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), an agronomically important crop. A comparative assessment was performed to evaluate the efficacy of chemogenic and biogenic manganese nanoparticles (C-MnNPs and B-MnNPs) for mitigating As toxicity. B-MnNPs were biosynthesized using cell-free filtrate of Bacillus pumilus MAY4, while C-MnNPs were obtained from Cwnano Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Greenhouse assays demonstrated that both C-MnNPs and B-MnNPs alleviated detrimental effects of As; however, B-MnNPs exhibited superior performance compared to their chemical counterparts. Compared to As-stressed plants, B-MnNPs enhanced leaf and root biomass (26.4% and 56.15%, respectively), net photosynthetic rate (64.8%), and stomatal conductance (50%). B-MnNPs more effectively reduced oxidative stress markers by activating antioxidant defense systems in both leaf and root tissues. Furthermore, B-MnNPs reduced in planta As accumulation while significantly improving uptake of essential nutrients, including potassium, phosphorous, magnesium, and manganese, etc., in rapeseed plants. Expression studies revealed that B-MnNPs upregulated antioxidant defense and redox homeostasis related stress-responsive genes under induced As stress. Biochemical assays further confirmed the enrichment of stress-responsive phytohormones, including salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and abscisic acid, in B-MnNP-treated As-stressed rapeseed plants, indicating activation of multi-tier defense response by B-MnNPs to cope with As stress. These findings establish B-MnNPs as a highly effective nano-enabled strategy for managing As toxicity in the rapeseed cultivation system. This research provides critical insights into the molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying MnNP-mediated stress tolerance and offers a promising green nanotechnology approach for heavy metal-resilient crops. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regulation of Nanomaterials in Crop Growth and Physiology Under Abiotic Stress)

21 pages, 4383 KB

Open AccessReview

The Advent of MXene-Based Synthetics and Modification Approaches for Advanced Applications in Wastewater Treatment

by Isha Soni, Monika Ahuja, Pratik Kumar Jagtap, Vinay Chauhan, Savan K. Raj and Prem P. Sharma

Membranes 2025, 15(12), 364; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes15120364 (registering DOI) - 30 Nov 2025

Abstract

MXenes, members of two-dimensional materials, were discovered in 2011 for the first time. MXenes are famous nowadays for their attractive and unique properties such as hydrophilicity, surface area, and catalytic activity for various industrial applications. This review comprehensively focused on composite membranes with [...] Read more.

MXenes, members of two-dimensional materials, were discovered in 2011 for the first time. MXenes are famous nowadays for their attractive and unique properties such as hydrophilicity, surface area, and catalytic activity for various industrial applications. This review comprehensively focused on composite membranes with MXenes that can be directly deployed for water purification. Moreover, this review will also give significant insight into new synthetic approaches for MXene-based composite membranes. A review of the utilization of MXene-based composite membranes in modern separation techniques such as nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, and forward osmosis has also been summarized. Finally, the current issues and future perspectives on applying two-dimensional materials for water treatment are elaborately discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Advances in Oil & Gas, Mining, and Environmental Technologies: Innovations in Membrane and Porous Material Technologies)

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38 pages, 1359 KB

Open AccessArticle

A System Dynamics Framework for Market Share Forecasting in the Telecommunications Market

by Nikolaos Kanellos, Dimitrios Katsianis and Dimitris Varoutas

Forecasting 2025, 7(4), 74; https://doi.org/10.3390/forecast7040074 (registering DOI) - 30 Nov 2025

Abstract

This paper presents a novel system dynamics-based framework for forecasting market share evolution in the telecommunications sector. The framework conceptualizes market share as flows of subscribers—driven by churn, attraction, and market growth—between interconnected compartments representing providers. It is designed to operate with limited [...] Read more.

This paper presents a novel system dynamics-based framework for forecasting market share evolution in the telecommunications sector. The framework conceptualizes market share as flows of subscribers—driven by churn, attraction, and market growth—between interconnected compartments representing providers. It is designed to operate with limited available market data and incorporates stochastic processes to capture market uncertainty, enabling risk-informed forecasts. The framework is applied to the Greek mobile telecommunications market using historical data (2006–2022), with a 5-year hold-back period for validation. Results highlight the dominant role of churn management in market share variability, particularly for the incumbent provider Cosmote, while subscriber attraction parameters show moderate influence for alternative providers Vodafone and Wind Hellas. Sensitivity analysis confirms the model’s robustness and identifies key drivers of forecast variability. The proposed framework provides actionable insights for strategic decision-making, making it a valuable tool for providers and policymakers to address churn, optimize attraction strategies, and ensure long-term competitiveness in dynamic markets. Full article

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11 pages, 967 KB

Open AccessArticle

Ibn Rushd on Miracles: Between Natural Law and Public Belief

by Maryam A. Alsayyed

Religions 2025, 16(12), 1516; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16121516 (registering DOI) - 30 Nov 2025

Abstract

This article explores the philosophical foundations of religion in Ibn Rushd’s thought, with particular attention to his treatment of miracles. It argues that Ibn Rushd relocates the discussion of miracles from the domain of natural philosophy to that of practical philosophy, where religion [...] Read more.

This article explores the philosophical foundations of religion in Ibn Rushd’s thought, with particular attention to his treatment of miracles. It argues that Ibn Rushd relocates the discussion of miracles from the domain of natural philosophy to that of practical philosophy, where religion fulfills a civic and ethical function by shaping public belief and encouraging virtuous action. The study begins by examining Ibn Rushd’s critical engagement with the Ashʿarī theologians, focusing on his deconstruction of their arguments on miracles and his rejection of al-Ghazālī’s occasionalism in the debate over causality and the proof of miracles. It then turns to Ibn Rushd’s constructive position, which rests on three central elements: first, belief in miracles is fundamental to religious faith and not open to philosophical dispute; second, the miracle that validates prophethood consists in the establishment of divine laws that regulate thought and conduct; and third, this conception is grounded in the Qurʾān, representing the most authentic understanding of revelation. While the primary aim of the article is to clarify Ibn Rushd’s philosophical account of miracles and his reorientation of the debate toward practical philosophy, it also highlights his broader concern with the role of Sharīʿa in guiding communal beliefs and moral practices. This study also brings to light Ibn Rushd’s reliance on tawātur as a form of self-evident knowledge that secures certainty without the need for rational proof. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Islamic Colloquia of Edinburgh (ICE) Conference (7–9 July 2025): Miracles in Islam)

18 pages, 3122 KB

Open AccessArticle

Long Non-Coding RNA DUXAP10 Promotes Tumorigenesis and Metastasis in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

by Nicole R. DeSouza, Michelle Carnazza, Tara Jarboe, Danielle Quaranto, Kaci Kopec, Anthony J. Centone, Kate Nielsen, Robert Suriano, Augustine Moscatello, Humayun K. Islam, Xiu-Min Li, Jan Geliebter and Raj K. Tiwari

Cancers 2025, 17(23), 3852; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17233852 (registering DOI) - 30 Nov 2025

Abstract

Background: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are regulatory molecules that have multifaceted impacts on the carcinogenic molecular landscape—with pathologic consequences when aberrantly expressed. Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rapidly progressing and highly lethal malignancy, with mortality rates approaching 100%. The molecular/transcriptomic signature [...] Read more.

Background: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are regulatory molecules that have multifaceted impacts on the carcinogenic molecular landscape—with pathologic consequences when aberrantly expressed. Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rapidly progressing and highly lethal malignancy, with mortality rates approaching 100%. The molecular/transcriptomic signature of ATC has significant gaps in understanding; thus, a comprehensive study of ATC non-coding RNA transcript regulation is necessary. Results: The lncRNA Double Homeobox A Pseudogene 10 (DUXAP10) was identified in patient genomic datasets as a highly upregulated transcript in ATC vs. normal thyroid tissue. DUXAP10 expression was transcriptionally repressed with CRISPR-interference (CRISPRi), and data supports an extensive role of DUXAP10 in several cancer-promoting phenotypes in ATC, both in vitro and in vivo. Our two DUXAP10-CRISPRi cell lines significantly reduced the rapid growth and metastatic behaviors characteristic of ATC, affecting proliferation, viability, clonogenicity, apoptosis, invasion, migration, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. Conclusion: Thus, DUXAP10 is a proposed prognostic marker and therapeutic target for ATC disease propagation and progression. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Strategies for Non-Coding RNA Function Detection and Regulation in Cancer)

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22 pages, 5681 KB

Open AccessArticle

Contrasting Evolutionary Dynamics and Global Dissemination of the DNA-A and DNA-B Components of Watermelon Chlorotic Stunt Virus

by Zafar Iqbal

Viruses 2025, 17(12), 1571; https://doi.org/10.3390/v17121571 (registering DOI) - 30 Nov 2025

Abstract

Watermelon chlorotic stunt virus (WmCSV), a bipartite begomovirus, poses a severe and expanding threat to global cucurbit and watermelon production, driving an urgent need to unravel its genetic diversity indices and evolutionary complexities. To elucidate its evolutionary history, this study investigated the genetic [...] Read more.

Watermelon chlorotic stunt virus (WmCSV), a bipartite begomovirus, poses a severe and expanding threat to global cucurbit and watermelon production, driving an urgent need to unravel its genetic diversity indices and evolutionary complexities. To elucidate its evolutionary history, this study investigated the genetic diversity, evolutionary dynamics, and global dispersal of its genomic components, DNA-A (WmA) and DNA-B (WmB). The analyses uncovered striking contrasts between the components. WmB exhibited markedly greater genetic diversity (π = 0.0508 vs. 0.0119 for WmA), a slightly faster evolutionary rate (1.26 × 10⁻⁴ vs. 1.44 × 10⁻³ substitutions/site/year), and a far more complex recombination profile, with 34 events detected compared to only one in WmA. The abundance of recombination breakpoints in WmB underscores its central role in shaping genomic variability and adaptive potential. Phylogenetic analyses of both components unveil eight robustly supported clades per segment, predominantly shaped by geographical boundaries, hinting at localized evolutionary trajectories with constrained long-distance gene flow, with the exception of Oman. Bayesian time-scaled phylogenies and phylogeographic reconstructions further illuminate distinct dissemination pathways, suggesting an intriguing origin, with WmA likely emerging from the United States and WmB tracing back to Saudi Arabia, while the Middle East emerges as a dynamic epicenter for regional spread and subsequent incursions into the Americas. Together, these findings reveal contrasting evolutionary forces driving WmCSV diversification and provide critical insights into its origins and ongoing global emergence. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Virus Spillovers)

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