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17 pages, 1022 KB  
Article
Accuracy of Speech-to-Text Transcription in a Digital Cognitive Assessment for Older Adults
by Ariel M. Gordon and Peter E. Wais
Brain Sci. 2025, 15(10), 1090; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15101090 (registering DOI) - 9 Oct 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Neuropsychological assessments are valuable tools for evaluating the cognitive performance of older adults. Limitations associated with these in-person paper-and-pencil tests have inspired efforts to develop digital assessments, which would expand access to cognitive screening. Digital tests, however, often lack validity relative to [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Neuropsychological assessments are valuable tools for evaluating the cognitive performance of older adults. Limitations associated with these in-person paper-and-pencil tests have inspired efforts to develop digital assessments, which would expand access to cognitive screening. Digital tests, however, often lack validity relative to gold-standard paper-and-pencil versions that have been robustly validated. Speech-to-text (STT) technology has the potential to improve the validity of digital tests through its ability to capture verbal responses, yet the effect of its performance on standardized scores used for cognitive characterization is unknown. Methods: The present study evaluated the accuracy of Apple’s STT engine relative to ground-truth transcriptions (RQ1), as well as the effect of the engine’s transcription errors on resulting standardized scores (RQ2). Our study analyzed data from 223 older adults who completed a digital assessment on an iPad that used STT to transcribe and score task responses. These automated transcriptions were then compared against ground-truth transcriptions that were human-corrected via external recordings. Results: Results showed differences between STT and ground-truth transcriptions (RQ1). Nevertheless, these differences were not large enough to practically affect standardized measures of cognitive performance (RQ2). Conclusions: Our results demonstrate the practical utility of Apple’s STT engine for digital neuropsychological assessment and cognitive characterization. These findings support the possibility that speech-to-text, with its ability to capture and process verbal responses, will be a viable tool for increasing the validity of digital neuropsychological assessments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Perspectives of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Aging Neuroscience)
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25 pages, 4961 KB  
Article
Automation and Genetic Algorithm Optimization for Seismic Modeling and Analysis of Tall RC Buildings
by Piero A. Cabrera, Gianella M. Medina and Rick M. Delgadillo
Buildings 2025, 15(19), 3618; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15193618 (registering DOI) - 9 Oct 2025
Abstract
This article presents an innovative approach to optimizing the seismic modeling and analysis of high-rise buildings by automating the process with Python 3.13 and the ETABS 22.1.0 API. The process begins with the collection of information on the base building, a structure of [...] Read more.
This article presents an innovative approach to optimizing the seismic modeling and analysis of high-rise buildings by automating the process with Python 3.13 and the ETABS 22.1.0 API. The process begins with the collection of information on the base building, a structure of seventeen regular levels, which includes data from structural elements, material properties, geometric configuration, and seismic and gravitational loads. These data are organized in an Excel file for further processing. From this information, a code is developed in Python that automates the structural modeling in ETABS through its API. This code defines the sections, materials, edge conditions, and loads and models the elements according to their coordinates. The resulting base model is used as a starting point to generate an optimal solution using a genetic algorithm. The genetic algorithm adjusts column and beam sections using an approach that includes crossover and controlled mutation operations. Each solution is evaluated by the maximum displacement of the structure, calculating the fitness as the inverse of this displacement, favoring solutions with less deformation. The process is repeated across generations, selecting and crossing the best solutions. Finally, the model that generates the smallest displacement is saved as the optimal solution. Once the optimal solution has been obtained, it is implemented a second code in Python is implemented to perform static and dynamic seismic analysis. The key results, such as displacements, drifts, internal and basal shear forces, are processed and verified in accordance with the Peruvian Technical Standard E.030. The automated model with API shows a significant improvement in accuracy and efficiency compared to traditional methods, highlighting an R2 = 0.995 in the static analysis, indicating an almost perfect fit, and an RMSE = 1.93261 × 10−5, reflecting a near-zero error. In the dynamic drift analysis, the automated model reaches an R2 = 0.9385 and an RMSE = 5.21742 × 10−5, demonstrating its high precision. As for the lead time, the model automated completed the process in 13.2 min, which means a 99.5% reduction in comparison with the traditional method, which takes 3 h. On the other hand, the genetic algorithm had a run time of 191 min due to its stochastic nature and iterative process. The performance of the genetic algorithm shows that although the improvement is significant between Generation 1 and Generation 2, is stabilized in the following generations, with a slight decrease in Generation 5, suggesting that the algorithm has reached its level has reached a point of convergence. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Building Safety Assessment and Structural Analysis)
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26 pages, 3662 KB  
Article
Effect of Sodium Alginate Concentration on the Physicochemical, Structural, Functional Attributes, and Consumer Acceptability of Gel Beads Encapsulating Tangerine Peel (Citrus reticulata Blanco ‘Cho Khun’) Extract
by Karthikeyan Venkatachalam, Narin Charoenphun, Chawakwan Nitikornwarakul and Somwang Lekjing
Gels 2025, 11(10), 808; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11100808 (registering DOI) - 9 Oct 2025
Abstract
The effect of varying sodium alginate (SA) concentrations (1%, 2%, and 3%; SA1–SA3) on the encapsulation of tangerine (Citrus reticulata Blanco ‘Cho Khun’) peel extract (TPE, 0.5% w/v) into hydrogel beads was evaluated. Overall, the results showed that increasing [...] Read more.
The effect of varying sodium alginate (SA) concentrations (1%, 2%, and 3%; SA1–SA3) on the encapsulation of tangerine (Citrus reticulata Blanco ‘Cho Khun’) peel extract (TPE, 0.5% w/v) into hydrogel beads was evaluated. Overall, the results showed that increasing SA concentration significantly altered bead characteristics: lightness (L*) decreased from 56.35 to 45.57, red-green axis (a*) shifted negatively from −1.32 to −6.87, and yellow-blue axis (b*) increased from −17.81 to 6.41. Moisture content (97.85% to 93.16%) and water activity (0.96 to 0.93) declined with higher SA, while hardness increased (4.12 to 5.17 g). ζ-potential values shifted from −29.10 mV (SA1) to −39.10 mV (SA3), confirming enhanced electrostatic stabilization. FTIR spectra revealed characteristic alginate functional groups, and morphological analysis showed smoother, denser beads at higher SA concentrations. Phenolic (47.86–48.51 mg GAE g−1 DW) and flavonoid (34.02–36.68 mg QE g−1 DW) contents were well-retained, supporting antioxidant activities (DPPH 70.34–72.54%; ABTS 65.66–66.91%). Antimicrobial tests demonstrated > 4-log reductions against E. coli and P. aeruginosa. Sensory evaluation revealed that higher SA concentrations improved texture and taste. Overall, SA encapsulation, particularly at 3%, effectively stabilized TPE, preserving its functional properties for potential food and nutraceutical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modification of Gels in Creating New Food Products (2nd Edition))
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13 pages, 246 KB  
Article
Factors Influencing the Quality of Distance Learning—A Serbian Case
by Marjana Pardanjac, Snežana Vitomir Jokić, Ivana Berković, Biljana Radulović, Nadežda Ljubojev and Eleonora Brtka
Sustainability 2025, 17(19), 8941; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17198941 (registering DOI) - 9 Oct 2025
Abstract
This study examines the key factors influencing the quality of distance learning in higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic, a period when online learning became the dominant mode of education. Using a descriptive method and a 26-item questionnaire, data were collected from a [...] Read more.
This study examines the key factors influencing the quality of distance learning in higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic, a period when online learning became the dominant mode of education. Using a descriptive method and a 26-item questionnaire, data were collected from a representative sample of 360 students in Vojvodina, Serbia. The factors analyzed include computer literacy and technology access (Ph1), students’ ability to balance life obligations with study demands (Ph2), and their motivation for distance learning (Ph3). The results show that 89% of students had adequate IT access, 47% were able to reconcile study and personal obligations, and 70% reported strong motivation. Correlation analysis confirmed a statistically significant positive relationship between all three factors and students’ perceptions of well-organized distance learning, thus supporting the main research hypothesis. Beyond these findings, this study interprets digital literacy as adaptability, time management as resilience, and motivation as value orientation and future thinking—core dimensions of sustainability competences outlined in the European GreenComp framework. Distance learning is therefore positioned not only as an emergency response but also as a transformative pedagogy that integrates brain (knowledge), hands (skills), heart (values), and spirit (purpose), contributing to sustainable and resilient higher education. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Transformative Pedagogies for Sustainability Competence Development)
19 pages, 4096 KB  
Review
Review of VHEE Beam Energy Evolution for FLASH Radiation Therapy Under Ultra-High Dose Rate (UHDR) Dosimetry
by Nikolaos Gazis and Evangelos Gazis
Quantum Beam Sci. 2025, 9(4), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/qubs9040029 (registering DOI) - 9 Oct 2025
Abstract
Very-high-energy electron (VHEE) beams, ranging from 50 to 300 or 400 MeV, are the subject of intense research investigation, with considerable interest concerning applications in radiation therapy due to their accurate energy deposition into large and deep-seated tissues, sharp beam edges, high sparing [...] Read more.
Very-high-energy electron (VHEE) beams, ranging from 50 to 300 or 400 MeV, are the subject of intense research investigation, with considerable interest concerning applications in radiation therapy due to their accurate energy deposition into large and deep-seated tissues, sharp beam edges, high sparing properties, and minimal radiation effects on normal tissues. The very-high-energy electron beam, which ranges from 50 to 400 MeV, and Ultra-High-Energy Electron beams up to 1–2 GeV, are considered extremely effective for human tumor therapy while avoiding the spatial requirements and cost of proton and heavy ion facilities. Many research laboratories have developed advanced testing infrastructures with VHEE beams in Europe, the USA, Japan, and other countries. These facilities aim to accelerate the transition to clinical application, following extensive simulations for beam transport that support preclinical trials and imminent clinical deployment. However, the clinical implementation of VHEE for FLASH radiation therapy requires advances in several areas, including the development of compact, stable, and efficient accelerators; the definition of sophisticated treatment plans; and the establishment of clinically validated protocols. In addition, the perspective of VHEE for accessing ultra-high dose rate (UHDR) dosimetry presents a promising procedure for the practical integration of FLASH radiotherapy for deep tumors, enhancing normal tissue sparing while maintaining the inherent dosimetry advantages. However, it has been proven that a strong effort is necessary to improve the main operational accelerator conditions, ensuring a stable beam over time and across space, as well as compact infrastructure to support the clinical implementation of VHEE for FLASH cancer treatment. VHEE-accessing ultra-high dose rate (UHDR) perspective dosimetry is integrated with FLASH radiotherapy and well-prepared cancer treatment tools that provide an advantage in modern oncology regimes. This study explores technological progress and the evolution of electron accelerator beam energy technology, as simulated by the ASTRA code, for developing VHEE and UHEE beams aimed at medical applications. FLUKA code simulations of electron beam provide dose distribution plots and the range for various energies inside the phantom of PMMA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Instrumentation and Facilities)
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15 pages, 1849 KB  
Article
Prevalence of Sleep Disturbance and Associated Risk Factors in Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy
by Salim Yakdan, Karan Joseph, Jingyi Zhang, Miguel A. Ruiz-Cardozo, Aryan Pradhan, Alisha Dhallan, Faraz Arkam, Willliam Mualem, Garrison Bentz, Diogo P. Moniz Garcia, Benjamin Plog, Alexander T. Yahanda, Daniel Hafez, Wilson Z. Ray, Camilo A. Molina and Jacob K. Greenberg
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(19), 7110; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14197110 (registering DOI) - 9 Oct 2025
Abstract
Study Design: Retrospective Case–Control. Objectives: Sleep disturbances negatively impact quality of life and increase illness susceptibility. Chronic pain is a risk factor for sleep disruption, particularly in patients with degenerative spinal conditions. Existing studies suggest that degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) patients often experience [...] Read more.
Study Design: Retrospective Case–Control. Objectives: Sleep disturbances negatively impact quality of life and increase illness susceptibility. Chronic pain is a risk factor for sleep disruption, particularly in patients with degenerative spinal conditions. Existing studies suggest that degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) patients often experience sleep disturbances, possibly due to spinal cord compression and pain. However, most research is limited to small, single-center studies, creating a need for broader analyses. Methods: We utilized the Merative Explorys Dataset, focusing on electronic health record data of patients diagnosed with DCM and sleep disorders identified via ICD codes. Comorbidities analyzed included depression/bipolar disorder, chronic pulmonary disease, migraine, osteoarthritis, hypertension, malignancy, diabetes, and cerebrovascular disease. Patient demographic information (age, race, sex, and body mass index (BMI)) was included as covariates. Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between each comorbidity and the risk of sleep disturbance. Results: Among 40,551 DCM patients, significant predictors of sleep disturbance included higher BMI (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.05–1.06), depression/bipolar disorder (OR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.56–1.74), chronic pulmonary disease (OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.20–1.33), migraine (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.22–1.43), and hypertension (OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.10–1.23). Conclusions: This large-scale analysis demonstrates the multifactorial nature of sleep disturbances in DCM, highlighting strong associations with BMI and respiratory conditions, suggesting a contributory role of sleep-disordered breathing. The identification of migraines as a risk factor highlights the need for multidisciplinary management. Addressing modifiable risk factors such as BMI and mental health may improve sleep quality in DCM patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Trends in Cervical Spine Surgery)
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23 pages, 6199 KB  
Article
Climbing Tests and Dynamic Simulation of a Cable-Climbing Mechanism for Stay Cable De-Icing Robot
by Yaoyao Pei, Yayu Li, Zhi Chen, Henglin Xiao, Silu Huang and Changjie Li
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(19), 10822; https://doi.org/10.3390/app151910822 (registering DOI) - 9 Oct 2025
Abstract
In winter, stay cable sheaths are prone to icing, which increases cable loads and poses a falling-ice hazard upon thawing. While manual and chemical de-icing are common methods, their safety and cost drawbacks make robotic de-icing a promising alternative. Robotic de-icing offers a [...] Read more.
In winter, stay cable sheaths are prone to icing, which increases cable loads and poses a falling-ice hazard upon thawing. While manual and chemical de-icing are common methods, their safety and cost drawbacks make robotic de-icing a promising alternative. Robotic de-icing offers a promising alternative. However, to protect the sheath from damage, the de-icing blade is designed to minimize contact with its surface. Consequently, a thin layer of residual ice is often left behind, which reduces the surface friction coefficient and complicates the climbing process. This study evaluates the climbing performance of a self-manufactured cable-climbing mechanism through laboratory tests and dynamic simulations (ADAMS). A physical prototype was built, and dynamic simulations of the cable-climbing mechanism were conducted using Automated Dynamic Analysis of Mechanical Systems (ADAMS) software. The preliminary validation results demonstrate that the mechanism is capable of maintaining stable climbing under extreme conditions, including a friction coefficient of 0.12 to reflect thin-ice variability and indicated stable climbing even at μ = 0.12), a vertical inclination of 90°, and a load of 12 kg, confirming the design’s validity. Furthermore, we analyzed key parameters. A lower friction coefficient requires a higher clamping force and adversely affects the climbing speed due to increased slip. Similarly, an increased payload elevates the mechanism’s deflection angle, spring force, and wheel torque, which in turn reduces the climbing speed. Cable inclination has a complex effect: deflection decreases with slope, yet clamping force peaks near 70°, showing a bell-shaped trend. This peak requirement dictated the damping spring selection, which was given a safety margin. This ensures safe operation and acceleration at all other angles. Limitations: The present results constitute a feasibility validation under controlled laboratory conditions and rigid-support simulations. The long-term effects of residual ice and field performance remain to be confirmed in planned field trials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Artificial Intelligence in Civil Engineering: Latest Advances and Prospects)
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27 pages, 627 KB  
Article
Multidimensional Impulsivity Profile in Young Adults Aged 16 to 25 with Borderline Personality Disorder: A Study Based on the UPPS-P Model
by Anaïs Mungo, Marie Delhaye and Matthieu Hein
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(19), 7109; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14197109 (registering DOI) - 9 Oct 2025
Abstract
Background: Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) often emerges during adolescence and young adulthood, a period marked by heightened vulnerability to impulsivity and affective dysregulation. While impulsivity is a core feature of BPD, its multidimensional expression in this age group remains insufficiently documented. This [...] Read more.
Background: Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) often emerges during adolescence and young adulthood, a period marked by heightened vulnerability to impulsivity and affective dysregulation. While impulsivity is a core feature of BPD, its multidimensional expression in this age group remains insufficiently documented. This study examined impulsivity traits in young adults with BPD, their associations with depressive and anxiety symptoms, and their links to risk behaviors. Methods: A total of 160 participants aged 16–25 were recruited in Belgium between 2021 and 2023: 44 with BPD from inpatient and outpatient psychiatric services and 116 healthy controls from schools and universities. Assessments included the short UPPS-P, Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T), and the Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines–Revised (DIB-R). Logistic regressions with robust errors and Kendall’s tau-b correlations were used. Results: Compared with controls, individuals with BPD scored higher on all UPPS-p subscales except Sensation Seeking (e.g., Negative Urgency: 14 vs. 10, p < 0.001). Logistic regression identified Negative Urgency (OR = 5.31, 95% CI: 2.07–13.62, p = 0.001) and Positive Urgency (OR = 3.26, 95% CI: 1.37–7.75, p = 0.007) as independent predictors of BPD. Within the BPD group, depressive and anxiety symptoms correlated with several UPPS-P dimensions, notably Negative Urgency and Lack of Perseverance. Suicide attempts were associated with the DIB-R total score, BDI-II, and STAI-T, while substance use was linked to the DIB-R impulsivity subscale and STAI-T. Conclusions: Emotional impulsivity—particularly Negative Urgency—emerges as a central feature of BPD in emerging adulthood. Its interplay with depressive and anxiety symptoms, and its associations with suicidal and addictive behaviors, support a dual-level conceptualization of impulsivity as both a dispositional trait and a state-dependent clinical risk factor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue (Recent Advances) Treating Psychiatry Disorders in Children and Adolescents: From Theory to Practice: 2nd Edition)
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11 pages, 305 KB  
Article
Appetite Assessment Using the Arabic CNAQ Following a Telenutrition Weight-Loss Intervention with Health Coaching and Telemonitoring: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
by Sarah N. Alsharif, Noura M. S. Eid, Noor A. Hakim, Najlaa M. M. Jawad and Soaad F. Alsulami
Obesities 2025, 5(4), 73; https://doi.org/10.3390/obesities5040073 (registering DOI) - 9 Oct 2025
Abstract
Obesity is closely associated with appetite dysregulation, influenced by behavioral, hormonal, and neurological factors. The Council on Nutrition Appetite Questionnaire (CNAQ) is a validated tool, translated into Arabic, but its application in weight-loss interventions remains underexplored. This secondary cross-sectional analysis evaluated whether the [...] Read more.
Obesity is closely associated with appetite dysregulation, influenced by behavioral, hormonal, and neurological factors. The Council on Nutrition Appetite Questionnaire (CNAQ) is a validated tool, translated into Arabic, but its application in weight-loss interventions remains underexplored. This secondary cross-sectional analysis evaluated whether the Arabic CNAQ can differentiate appetite levels after a 6-month telenutrition weight-loss intervention supported by telemonitoring and health coaching, and whether appetite is associated with weight-loss outcomes. A total of 36 participants were assessed: the intervention group (n = 21), who completed the program, and the control group (n = 15), who received no continuous support. Appetite was measured using the CNAQ after 6 months. Independent-samples t-tests and Mann–Whitney U tests were applied to compare appetite scores, while Chi-square tests were used for appetite categories. Results showed mean CNAQ scores of 27.87 (SD = 2.64) for the control group and 26.86 (SD = 4.46) for the intervention group (p = 0.402). Most participants reported moderate appetite (93.3% control; 76.2% intervention), with no significant between-group differences (p = 0.367). Although differences were not statistically significant, the findings demonstrate the feasibility of using the Arabic CNAQ in telehealth weight management. Larger studies with repeated measures are needed to confirm its utility in clinical and dietetic practice. Full article
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16 pages, 5456 KB  
Article
The New Precise Positioning System of the Heavy Hadron Calorimeter FPSD in the NA61/SHINE Experiment Based on the Siemens 1200 Controller Connected with the EPICS Software
by Marcin Bielewicz, Piotr Mazerewicz, Jarosław Szewiński, Krystian Grodzicki, Ian Crotty, Michał Kiecana, Łukasz Świderski, Tomasz Szczęśniak, Piotr Podlaski, Tomasz Kowalski and Konrad Chmielewski
Electronics 2025, 14(19), 3961; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14193961 (registering DOI) - 9 Oct 2025
Abstract
The NA61/SHINE collaboration conducts research using the SPS CERN accelerator, focusing primarily on the strong interaction program. In this type of research, it is necessary to use a hadronic calorimeter called PSD to determine the centrality value of nuclear collisions. The detector consists [...] Read more.
The NA61/SHINE collaboration conducts research using the SPS CERN accelerator, focusing primarily on the strong interaction program. In this type of research, it is necessary to use a hadronic calorimeter called PSD to determine the centrality value of nuclear collisions. The detector consists of two separate parts, the MPSD and the FPSD. The FPSD, which is a new detector added to the NA61 SHINE experiment from 2022, has not yet had a functional system for remotely changing and measuring the detector position. Such a remote system is necessary for faster detector calibration, more precise positioning of the detector in the accelerator beam path, and improved safety. For these reasons, in 2023, a group of specialists from the NCBJ laboratory at Poland, prepared a project and built a remote position change system for the FPSD detector. In this work, we describe the main design assumptions and main features of the finished system. We also describe its control system based on the Siemens 1200 PLC controller and the way we supervise its operation through an external DCS system based on the EPICS software (ver.3.16). The introduced changes improved the safety and comfort of work, reduced the radiation risk, and, above all, significantly shortened the time required to change the position of the FPSD detector. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Systems & Control Engineering)
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21 pages, 3678 KB  
Article
Outdoor Comfort Optimization in Historic Urban Quarters: From Multisensory Approaches to Operational Strategies Under Resource Constraints
by Hua Su, Hui Ma and Kang Liu
Buildings 2025, 15(19), 3616; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15193616 (registering DOI) - 9 Oct 2025
Abstract
During the transition from urban expansion to renewal, optimizing environmental comfort under resource constraints presents critical challenges. While existing research confirms that multisensory interactions critically shape environmental comfort, these insights are rarely operationalized into protocols for resource-constrained contexts. Focusing on historic urban quarters [...] Read more.
During the transition from urban expansion to renewal, optimizing environmental comfort under resource constraints presents critical challenges. While existing research confirms that multisensory interactions critically shape environmental comfort, these insights are rarely operationalized into protocols for resource-constrained contexts. Focusing on historic urban quarters that need to balance modification and preservation, this study quantifies multisensory (acoustic, visual, thermal) interactions and integrations to establish operational resource-optimization strategies. Through laboratory reproduction of 144 field-based experimental conditions (4 sound sources × 3 sound pressure levels × 4 green view indexes × 3 air temperatures), systematic subjective evaluations of acoustic, visual, thermal, and overall comfort were obtained. Key findings demonstrate: (1) Eliminating extreme comfort evaluations (e.g., “very uncomfortable”) within any single sensory domain stabilizes cross-sensory contributions to overall comfort, ensuring predictable cross-domain compensations and safeguarding resource efficacy; (2) Accumulating modest improvements across ≥2 sensory domains reduces per-domain performance threshold for satisfactory overall comfort, enabling constraint resolution (e.g., visual modification limits in historic districts); (3) Cross-domain optimization of environmental factors (e.g., sound source and air temperature) generates mutual enhancement effects, maximizing resource economy, whereas intra-domain optimization (e.g., sound source and sound pressure level) induces competitive inefficiencies. Collectively, these principles establish operational strategies for resource-constrained environmental improvements, advancing sustainable design and governance through evidence-based multisensory approaches. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Building Energy, Physics, Environment, and Systems)
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3 pages, 140 KB  
Editorial
Editorial on Urban Infrastructure and Resilient, Sustainable Buildings
by Shenghua Zhou, Tiantian Gu and Mun On Wong
Buildings 2025, 15(19), 3615; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15193615 (registering DOI) - 9 Oct 2025
Abstract
Urban infrastructures and buildings today face the intertwined pressures of extreme disasters, cascading effects, carbon constraints, and social uncertainty [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Infrastructure and Resilient, Sustainable Buildings)
20 pages, 4466 KB  
Article
SA-STGCN: A Spectral-Attentive Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolutional Network for Wind Power Forecasting with Wavelet-Enhanced Multi-Scale Learning
by Yakai Yang, Zhenqing Liu and Zhongze Yu
Energies 2025, 18(19), 5315; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18195315 (registering DOI) - 9 Oct 2025
Abstract
Wind power forecasting remains a major challenge for renewable energy integration, as conventional models often perform poorly when confronted with complex atmospheric dynamics. This study addresses the problem by developing a Spectral-Attentive Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolutional Network (SA-STGCN) designed to capture the intricate temporal [...] Read more.
Wind power forecasting remains a major challenge for renewable energy integration, as conventional models often perform poorly when confronted with complex atmospheric dynamics. This study addresses the problem by developing a Spectral-Attentive Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolutional Network (SA-STGCN) designed to capture the intricate temporal and spatial dependencies of wind systems. The approach first applies wavelet transform decomposition to separate volatile wind signals into distinct frequency components, enabling more interpretable representation of rapidly changing conditions. A dynamic temporal attention mechanism is then employed to adaptively identify historical patterns that are most relevant for prediction, moving beyond the fixed temporal windows used in many existing methods. In addition, spectral graph convolution is conducted in the frequency domain to capture farm-wide spatial correlations, thereby modeling long-range atmospheric interactions that conventional localized methods overlook. Although this design increases computational complexity, it proves critical for representing wind variability. Evaluation on real-world datasets demonstrates that SA-STGCN achieves substantial accuracy improvements, with a mean absolute error of 1.52 and a root mean square error of 2.31. These results suggest that embracing more expressive architectures can yield reliable forecasting performance, supporting the stable integration of wind power into modern energy systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section A3: Wind, Wave and Tidal Energy)
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18 pages, 568 KB  
Article
Design of Partial Mueller-Matrix Polarimeters for Application-Specific Sensors
by Brian G. Hoover and Martha Y. Takane
Sensors 2025, 25(19), 6249; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25196249 (registering DOI) - 9 Oct 2025
Abstract
At a particular frequency, most materials and objects of interest exhibit a polarization signature, or Mueller matrix, of limited dimensionality, with many matrix elements either negligibly small or redundant due to symmetry. Robust design of a polarization sensor for a particular material or [...] Read more.
At a particular frequency, most materials and objects of interest exhibit a polarization signature, or Mueller matrix, of limited dimensionality, with many matrix elements either negligibly small or redundant due to symmetry. Robust design of a polarization sensor for a particular material or object of interest, or for an application with a limited set of materials or objects, will adapt to the signature subspace, as well as the available modulators, in order to avoid unnecessary measurements and hardware and their associated budgets, errors, and artifacts. At the same time, measured polarization features should be expressed in the Stokes–Mueller basis to allow use of known phenomenology for data interpretation and processing as well as instrument calibration and troubleshooting. This approach to partial Mueller-matrix polarimeter (pMMP) design begins by defining a vector space of reduced Mueller matrices and an instrument vector representing the polarization modulators and other components of the sensor. The reduced-Mueller vector space is proven to be identical to R15 and to provide a completely linear description constrained to the Mueller cone. The reduced irradiance, the inner product of the reduced instrument and target vectors, is then applied to construct classifiers and tune modulator parameters, for instance to maximize representation of a specific target in a fixed number of measured channels. This design method eliminates the use of pseudo-inverses and reveals the optimal channel compositions to capture a particular signature feature, or a limited set of features, under given hardware constraints. Examples are given for common optical division-of-amplitude (DoA) 2-channel passive and serial/DoT-DoA 4-channel active polarimeters with rotating crystal modulators for classification of targets with diattenuation and depolarization characteristics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Optical Sensors)
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15 pages, 349 KB  
Review
Optimizing Aesthetic Results in Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction: Patient Factors, Surgical Techniques, and Adjunctive Strategies
by Elisa Bertulla and Edoardo Raposio
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(19), 7106; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14197106 (registering DOI) - 9 Oct 2025
Abstract
Background: Breast reconstruction following mastectomy plays a crucial role in breast cancer management, restoring physical form and significantly impacting psychological well-being and quality of life. Implant-based breast reconstruction (IBBR) is the most performed technique worldwide due to its relative simplicity, shorter operative [...] Read more.
Background: Breast reconstruction following mastectomy plays a crucial role in breast cancer management, restoring physical form and significantly impacting psychological well-being and quality of life. Implant-based breast reconstruction (IBBR) is the most performed technique worldwide due to its relative simplicity, shorter operative times, and avoidance of donor site morbidity. Achieving satisfactory aesthetic outcomes, however, remains challenging, as multiple factors—including patient characteristics, surgical technique, implant selection, timing of reconstruction, and adjuvant therapies—can influence the final appearance. Methods: Literature research was performed via PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library Database, focusing on studies examining aesthetic outcomes in implant-based breast reconstruction published between 2015 and 2025. Data on type of study, sample size, aesthetic evaluation methods, and duration of follow-up were collected and summarized. Results: Among 747 articles identified, only 25 articles fulfilled inclusion criteria, including mostly retrospective studies, but also prospective studies, randomized clinical trials, and reviews. Factors such as BMI, inframammary fold management, and implant selection were consistently reported to influence aesthetic outcomes. Surgical techniques including ADM use, axillary advancement sutures, hybrid reconstruction with fat grafting, and prepectoral implant placement were associated with improved patient satisfaction. Patient satisfaction often differs from surgeon-assessed outcomes, emphasizing the importance of subjective evaluation. Conclusions: Despite the heterogeneity and retrospective nature of many studies, evidence indicates that optimizing aesthetic outcomes in IBBR relies on careful patient selection, tailored surgical planning, and meticulous use of evidence-based techniques, including implant selection, flap-based support, and adjunctive strategies. Patient-reported outcomes are essential for evaluating success, and future research should focus on standardized outcome measures and prospective studies to further refine reconstructive approaches and maximize both cosmetic satisfaction and quality of life. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Breast Reconstruction: New Technologies Improving Clinical Outcomes)
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22 pages, 2355 KB  
Article
Evaluating Shear Strength of Reinforced Concrete Elements Containing Macro-Synthetic Fibers and Traditional Steel Reinforcement
by Benedikt Farag, Travis Thonstad and Paolo M. Calvi
Buildings 2025, 15(19), 3617; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15193617 (registering DOI) - 9 Oct 2025
Abstract
This study investigates the shear behavior of concrete elements reinforced with both traditional steel reinforcement and macro-synthetic fibers, with an emphasis on evaluating the predictive capabilities of current shear design provisions. A review of available experimental data, involving 52 beams and 8 panel [...] Read more.
This study investigates the shear behavior of concrete elements reinforced with both traditional steel reinforcement and macro-synthetic fibers, with an emphasis on evaluating the predictive capabilities of current shear design provisions. A review of available experimental data, involving 52 beams and 8 panel specimens, revealed limitations in both quantity and consistency, hindering the formulation of robust design recommendations. To address this, an extensive parametric numerical study was conducted using the VecTor2 nonlinear finite element program, incorporating a recently developed modeling approach for PFRC shear response. A total of 288 simulations were carried out to explore the influence of fiber content, transverse reinforcement ratio, and concrete compressive strength, particularly in ranges not previously captured by experimental programs. The performance of existing design codes, including ACI, CSA, EC2, AASHTO, and the Fib Model Code, was assessed against both experimental data and the enriched parametric dataset. The Fib Model Code demonstrated the most reliable and consistent predictions, maintaining close alignment with reference strengths across all fiber contents, reinforcement ratios, and concrete strengths. AASHTO provisions performed moderately well, showing generally conservative and stable predictions, though some underestimation occurred for beams with higher shear reinforcement. In contrast, ACI and CSA models were consistently conservative, especially at higher concrete strengths, potentially leading to uneconomical designs. EC2 models exhibited the highest variability and least reliability, particularly in the presence of fibers, indicating limited applicability without modification. The results highlight that most conventional codes do not fully account for the synergistic action between fibers and transverse steel reinforcement, and that their reliability deteriorates for high-strength PFRC. These findings have practical implications for the design of PFRC elements, suggesting that the Fib Model Code may be the most suitable for current applications, whereas other provisions may require recalibration or modification. Future research should focus on expanding experimental datasets and developing unified design models that explicitly consider fiber–steel interactions, concrete strength, and fiber distribution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Building Structures)
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24 pages, 11341 KB  
Article
Phytoplankton Dynamics in a Large Lagoon: Nutrient Load Reductions, Climate Change, and Cold- and Heatwaves
by Gerald Schernewski, Maria Schneider, Thomas Neumann and Mario von Weber
Environments 2025, 12(10), 370; https://doi.org/10.3390/environments12100370 (registering DOI) - 9 Oct 2025
Abstract
The coastal Oder/Szczecin Lagoon is subject to multiple external changes, particularly the reduction in external nutrient loads and the impacts of climate change, including rising temperatures and more frequent heatwaves. By combining monitoring data covering the past 40 years with 3D ecosystem modelling, [...] Read more.
The coastal Oder/Szczecin Lagoon is subject to multiple external changes, particularly the reduction in external nutrient loads and the impacts of climate change, including rising temperatures and more frequent heatwaves. By combining monitoring data covering the past 40 years with 3D ecosystem modelling, we assess changes in phytoplankton abundance and diversity across different temporal scales, ranging from long-term trends to the short-term effects. Despite strong reductions in external nutrient loads, neither the average annual phytoplankton biomass nor the long-term species composition changed significantly, although extreme summer blooms appear to have decreased. In summer, cyanobacteria, usually dominated by Microcystis, can reach a relative biovolume of up to 90%. Bacillariophyceae (diatoms) contribute up to 72% of the annual relative biovolume and dominate in spring. Both interannual and short-term variability in phytoplankton biomass and composition are pronounced. Heat- and coldwaves show no consistent immediate effects; however, results suggest that cyanobacteria, particularly Microcystis, benefit from hot summers. In contrast, diatoms appear less responsive to temperature, although they tend to contribute more in colder years, with distinct shifts in species composition observed between hot and cold springs. Model simulations indicate that a 1.5 °C increase in air temperature would, via elevated water temperatures, raise average monthly phytoplankton biomass by 4% in July and by 9% in August, further promoting cyanobacteria growth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring and Assessment of Environmental Quality in Coastal Ecosystems, 4th Edition)
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10 pages, 3509 KB  
Case Report
Dual Origin of the Cephalic Vein with Double Fenestration: A Case Report
by José Aderval Aragão, Guilherme Felício Matos, Gustavo Henrique Silva da Matta, Iapunira Catarina Sant’Anna Aragão, Felipe Matheus Sant’Anna Aragão, Rudvan Cicotti, Francisco Prado Reis and Deise Maria Furtado de Mendonça
Anatomia 2025, 4(4), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/anatomia4040015 (registering DOI) - 9 Oct 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: This article discusses the clinical–surgical relevance of vascular anatomical variations, such as fenestrations—the division of a vessel into multiple channels that subsequently rejoin distally. Although rare in peripheral veins, these variations, which originate from the incomplete condensation of the embryonic capillary plexus, [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: This article discusses the clinical–surgical relevance of vascular anatomical variations, such as fenestrations—the division of a vessel into multiple channels that subsequently rejoin distally. Although rare in peripheral veins, these variations, which originate from the incomplete condensation of the embryonic capillary plexus, can predispose thrombosis and necessitate preoperative recognition to avert complications during routine procedures. This study aims to report a rare case of dual origin and double fenestration of the cephalic vein. Methods: During a cadaveric dissection, a variation of the cephalic vein was identified. Results: In this case, an origin of the cephalic vein was observed arising from the dorsal venous network of the hand. It exhibited a double fenestration in the forearm, where a branch of the medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm perforated it before draining into the brachial vein. The second, a proximal origin, arose from the convergence of two tributaries—one originating from the subcutaneous tissue lateral to the brachial muscle and the other from the biceps brachii muscle, forming a single trunk that drained into the subclavian vein. Conclusions: This rare variation of the cephalic vein (dual origin and fenestration) carries significant hemodynamic implications, including an increased risk of turbulence and thrombosis. The atypical anatomical relationship between the nerve and the fenestrated vein also heightens the potential for iatrogenic injuries. In-depth knowledge of such anomalies is crucial for healthcare professionals to minimize complications and optimize the success of procedures like venous access and arteriovenous fistulas, ultimately ensuring patient safety. Full article
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20 pages, 2005 KB  
Perspective
A Perspective on Analog and Mixed-Signal IC Design Amid Semiconductor Paradigm Shifts
by Gabriele Manganaro
Chips 2025, 4(4), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/chips4040042 (registering DOI) - 9 Oct 2025
Abstract
This position paper extends the author’s keynote address from the 2024 IEEE European Solid-State Electronics Research Conference, offering a perspective on effective strategies for the advancement of analog and mixed-signal (AMS) integrated circuit (IC) design. It is argued that traditional methodologies, characterized by [...] Read more.
This position paper extends the author’s keynote address from the 2024 IEEE European Solid-State Electronics Research Conference, offering a perspective on effective strategies for the advancement of analog and mixed-signal (AMS) integrated circuit (IC) design. It is argued that traditional methodologies, characterized by their focus on transistor-level optimization within individual sub-blocks, are insufficient for satisfying the stringent performance and power consumption demands of contemporary information and communication technologies (ICT), especially in the context of expanding AI applications. Consequently, a paradigm shift is necessary, emphasizing “full-stack” solutions that prioritize comprehensive system-level analysis and aim to minimize physical resources and reduce complexity by innovating across the established boundaries of design abstraction levels. Building on prior work, this manuscript offers a more thorough justification for the proposed full-stack analog design methodology, supported by broader evidence and more comprehensive discussion. It also identifies key considerations regarding EDA and workforce development as topics for future work. Full article
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14 pages, 1078 KB  
Article
The HEART-FGF Study: Cardiovascular Remodeling and Risk Stratification by FGF-23 in Patients with CKD: An Integrative Cross-Sectional Study of Cardiac, Renal, and Mineral Parameters
by Dhruv Jain, Anand Prasad, Harsha Shahi, Nishant Wadhera, Ashish Goel and Yashendra Sethi
J. Vasc. Dis. 2025, 4(4), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/jvd4040039 (registering DOI) - 9 Oct 2025
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD), driven by mechanisms distinct from the general population. Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF-23), a phosphaturic hormone elevated early in CKD, has been mechanistically linked to left ventricular hypertrophy, [...] Read more.
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD), driven by mechanisms distinct from the general population. Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF-23), a phosphaturic hormone elevated early in CKD, has been mechanistically linked to left ventricular hypertrophy, vascular dysfunction, and disordered mineral metabolism. This study examines the associations between FGF-23 and key renal, mineral, and cardiovascular parameters and its utility in risk stratification. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 60 adults with CKD stages 1–5. Serum FGF-23 was quantified using ELISA, alongside measures of iPTH, phosphorus, calcium, and eGFR (Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate). Cardiovascular evaluation included transthoracic echocardiography and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT). Associations were analyzed using Spearman correlations, ROC analysis, and multivariable logistic regression. Results: FGF-23 levels were significantly associated with declining eGFR (r = –0.288; p < 0.05), elevated iPTH (Intact Parathyroid Hormone) (r = 0.361; p < 0.05), and serum phosphorus (r = 0.335; p < 0.05). Patients with structural cardiac abnormalities (left atrial enlargement or left ventricular hypertrophy) exhibited higher FGF-23 concentrations (154 vs. 128 pg/mL; p = 0.027). FGF-23 alone predicted high cardiovascular risk with moderate accuracy (AUC 0.70; sensitivity 76%; specificity 67%). A composite model including iPTH and eGFR improved discriminatory power (AUC 0.76). Conclusions: FGF-23 correlates with subclinical cardiovascular remodeling and key mineral abnormalities in CKD. Its integration with iPTH and eGFR enhances cardiovascular risk stratification, supporting its potential as a multidimensional biomarker in early CKD. However, the cross-sectional design and modest correlation strengths limit causal inference and generalizability of the findings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Diagnosis, Management, and Prognostic Assessment of Chronic Disease)
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22 pages, 1223 KB  
Article
Assessing the Maturity Level of Socio-Technical Contexts Towards Green and Digital Transitions: The Adaptation of the SCIROCCO Tool Applied to Rural Areas
by Vincenzo De Luca, Mariangela Perillo, Carina Dantas, Almudena Muñoz-Puche, Juan José Ortega-Gras, Jesús Sanz-Perpiñán, Monica Sousa, Mariana Assunção, Juliana Louceiro, Umut Elmas, Lorenzo Mercurio, Erminia Attaianese and Maddalena Illario
Green Health 2025, 1(3), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/greenhealth1030016 (registering DOI) - 9 Oct 2025
Abstract
The NewEcoSmart project addresses the need to foster inclusive green and digital transitions in rural habitat sectors by systematically assessing local socio-technical readiness and tailoring capacity-building interventions. We adapted the validated SCIROCCO Exchange Maturity Self-Assessment Tool—selecting eight dimensions relevant to environmental, technological and [...] Read more.
The NewEcoSmart project addresses the need to foster inclusive green and digital transitions in rural habitat sectors by systematically assessing local socio-technical readiness and tailoring capacity-building interventions. We adapted the validated SCIROCCO Exchange Maturity Self-Assessment Tool—selecting eight dimensions relevant to environmental, technological and social innovation—and conducted a two-phase evaluation across three pilot sites in Italy, Portugal and Spain. Phase 1 mapped stakeholder evidence against predefined criteria; Phase 2 engaged local actors (45+ adults, SMEs and micro-firms) in a self-assessment to determine digital, green and entrepreneurial skill gaps. For each domain of the SCIROCCO Tool, local actors can assign a minimum of 0 to a maximum of 5. The final score of the SCIROCCO tool can be a minimum of 0 to a maximum of 40. Quantitative maturity scores revealed heterogeneous profiles (Pacentro and Majella Madre = 5; Yecla = 10; Adelo Area = 23), underscoring diverse ecosystem strengths and limitations. A qualitative analysis, framed by Smart Healthy Age-Friendly Environments (SHAFE) domains, identified emergent training needs that are clustered at three levels: MACRO (community-wide awareness and engagement), MESO (decision-maker capacity for strategic planning and governance) and MICRO (industry-specific practical skills). The adapted SCIROCCO tool effectively proposes the assessment of socio-technical maturity in rural contexts and guides the design of a modular, multi-layered training framework. These findings support the need for scalable deployment of interventions that are targeted to the maturity of the local ecosystems to accelerate innovations through equitable green and digital transformations in complex socio-cultural settings. Full article
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24 pages, 2566 KB  
Review
Valorization of Second Cheese Whey Through Microalgae-Based Treatments: Advantages, Limits, and Opportunities
by Gloria Sciuto, Nunziatina Russo, Cinzia L. Randazzo and Cinzia Caggia
BioTech 2025, 14(4), 79; https://doi.org/10.3390/biotech14040079 (registering DOI) - 9 Oct 2025
Abstract
The dairy sector produces considerable amounts of nutrient-rich effluents, which are frequently undervalued as simple by-products or waste. In particular, Second Cheese Whey (SCW), also known as scotta, exhausted whey, or deproteinized whey, represents the liquid fraction from ricotta cheese production. Despite its [...] Read more.
The dairy sector produces considerable amounts of nutrient-rich effluents, which are frequently undervalued as simple by-products or waste. In particular, Second Cheese Whey (SCW), also known as scotta, exhausted whey, or deproteinized whey, represents the liquid fraction from ricotta cheese production. Despite its abundance and high organic and saline content, SCW is often improperly discharged into terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, causing both environmental impact and resource waste. The available purification methods are expensive for dairy companies, and, at best, SCW is reused as feed or fertilizer. In recent years, increasing awareness of sustainability and circular economy principles has increased interest in the valorization of SCW. Biological treatment of SCW using microalgae represents an attractive strategy, as it simultaneously reduces the organic load and converts waste into algal biomass. This biomass can be further valorized as a source of proteins, pigments, and bioactive compounds with industrial relevance, supporting applications in food, nutraceuticals, biofuels, and cosmetics. This review, starting from analyzing the characteristics, production volumes, and environmental issues associated with SCW, focused on the potential of microalgae application for their valorization. In addition, the broader regulatory and sustainability aspects related to biomass utilization and treated SCW are considered, highlighting both the promises and limitations of microalgae-based strategies by integrating technological prospects with policy considerations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Sustainable Approach to Macroalgae and Microalgae: From Cultivation to Compound Recovery and Biotechnological Applications)
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18 pages, 828 KB  
Article
Descriptive Trajectories of How Service Innovation Shapes Customer Exit Intentions in Online Travel Agencies
by Yingxue Xia and Hong-Youl Ha
J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res. 2025, 20(4), 280; https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer20040280 (registering DOI) - 9 Oct 2025
Abstract
This study examines the descriptive trajectories through which service innovation is associated with customer exit dynamics after service failures, drawing on a three-wave panel of 532 online travel agency users and employing partial least squares structural equation modeling with predictive assessment. We analyze [...] Read more.
This study examines the descriptive trajectories through which service innovation is associated with customer exit dynamics after service failures, drawing on a three-wave panel of 532 online travel agency users and employing partial least squares structural equation modeling with predictive assessment. We analyze how innovation is associated with switching intentions via brand hate and brand distrust over time. Results reveal distinct temporal patterns: service innovation is linked to consistent reductions in both hate and distrust, yet only hate emerges as a salient mediator whose marginal association with switching intensifies over time. In contrast, distrust, although mitigated by innovation, remains relatively stable and behaviorally inert. Rather than asserting a causal explanation, we document temporal associations—labelled here as a “dilution effect”—to indicate that innovation coincides with weakening negative emotions but only partial attenuation of their behavioral correlates. By distinguishing between the fading but influential role of hate and the persistent yet inert nature of distrust, this study clarifies differentiated pathways through which negative states coincide with customer exit. For managers, the results highlight the need for staged innovation strategies to dissipate hate, complemented by long-term trust-repair initiatives to address enduring distrust and reduce customer churn. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Digital Marketing and the Connected Consumer)
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16 pages, 805 KB  
Review
Environmental Pathogen in Healthcare Settings: Candida auris—The Emerging Threat with a Focus on the Middle East and Infection Control Strategies
by Salma AlBahrani
Microbiol. Res. 2025, 16(10), 221; https://doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres16100221 (registering DOI) - 9 Oct 2025
Abstract
The emergence of Candida auris as a disheartening fungal pathogen in healthcare settings has prompted urgent re-evaluation of containment and mitigation strategies. This review critically examines the biological persistence, environmental adaptability, and resistance to standard antifungal therapies of the pathogen, particularly regions with [...] Read more.
The emergence of Candida auris as a disheartening fungal pathogen in healthcare settings has prompted urgent re-evaluation of containment and mitigation strategies. This review critically examines the biological persistence, environmental adaptability, and resistance to standard antifungal therapies of the pathogen, particularly regions with limited surveillance infrastructure. Based on regional experiences, such as those in Saudi Arabia and the Middle East in general, the study reveals systemic weaknesses in diagnosis, reporting, and environmental sanitation. Special consideration is paid to the combination of new disinfection technologies, including ultraviolet irradiation systems and hydrogen peroxide vaporisation, with institutional behaviour change strategies. This discussion shows the importance of synchronising technological development with frequent employee contributions and cross-functional planning. It also encourages the international standardisation of diagnostic platforms and the launch of real-time genomic surveillance to reveal evolutionary trends. Finally, the findings justify the shift towards proactive models of infection control that are founded on the resilience of systems and the agility of institutions. This paper is a synthesis of epidemiological patterns, decontamination strategies and behavioural knowledge to contribute to an emerging body of knowledge that can help to fortify healthcare settings against current fungal threats. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Medically Relevant Fungi: Virulence Factors, and New Diagnostic and Treatment Approaches)
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16 pages, 960 KB  
Article
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Associated with Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Recommendation Among Healthcare Professionals: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Layla M. Abdelhadi, Fatima S. Aryan, Rania Alsabi, Ghounan A. Samhan and Ayman M. Al-Qaaneh
Infect. Dis. Rep. 2025, 17(5), 126; https://doi.org/10.3390/idr17050126 (registering DOI) - 9 Oct 2025
Abstract
Background: Cervical cancer remains a significant global public health concern, with human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination serving as an effective preventive measure. Despite its proven efficacy, HPV vaccine uptake in Jordan remains low. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) [...] Read more.
Background: Cervical cancer remains a significant global public health concern, with human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination serving as an effective preventive measure. Despite its proven efficacy, HPV vaccine uptake in Jordan remains low. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) influencing HPV vaccine recommendation among healthcare professionals. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between August 2023 and February 2024 among 304 healthcare professionals and trainees in Amman, Jordan, using a pre-validated questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, correlational analyses, and Firth’s penalized logistic regression were employed to examine predictors of vaccine recommendation behavior. Results: Positive attitudes (OR = 3.89; p < 0.001) and active clinical practice (OR = 5.02; p < 0.001) were strong predictors of HPV vaccine recommendation. Unexpectedly, higher knowledge scores were associated with reduced likelihood of recommending the vaccine (OR = 0.44; p = 0.032). Significant variation in KAP scores was observed across professional groups, with physicians and academic staff demonstrating higher levels of engagement. Conclusions: Attitudes and practical engagement were more influential than knowledge alone in shaping HPV vaccine recommendation behavior among healthcare professionals. These findings underscore the need for interventions that not only enhance knowledge but also foster supportive attitudes and strengthen clinical advocacy skills. The results provide actionable evidence to inform targeted strategies for increasing HPV vaccine uptake and reducing cervical cancer incidence in Jordan. Full article
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15 pages, 656 KB  
Article
The New Normal and the Era of Misknowledge—Understanding Generative AI and Its Impacts on Knowledge Work
by Zhiguo Yang, Xiang Guo and Peng Zhang
Knowledge 2025, 5(4), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/knowledge5040022 (registering DOI) - 9 Oct 2025
Abstract
The revealed capability of generative AI tools can significantly transform the way knowledge work is conducted. With more tools being built and implemented, generative AI-aided knowledge work starts to emerge as a new normal, where knowledge workers shift a significant portion of their [...] Read more.
The revealed capability of generative AI tools can significantly transform the way knowledge work is conducted. With more tools being built and implemented, generative AI-aided knowledge work starts to emerge as a new normal, where knowledge workers shift a significant portion of their workloads to the tools. This new normal can lead to many concerns and issues including workers’ mental health, employees’ confusion in production, and potential spreading misknowledge. Considering the substantial portion of knowledge work in the US economy, this paper calls for more research to be conducted on this important area. This paper synthesizes relevant economic and behavioral research findings in the AI automation field and opinions of field experts, and presents a comprehensive framework, “generative AI-aided knowledge work”. This framework theoretically addresses concerns such as job replacement and organizational and behavioral factors in using generative AI and provides directions for future research and guidelines for practitioners in incorporating generative AI tools. This is one of the early attempts to provide a comprehensive overview of generative AI’s impacts on knowledge workers and production. It has the potential to seed future research in many areas such as countering misknowledge and employees’ mental health. Full article
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12 pages, 2841 KB  
Article
Mesoscopic Liquids Emit Thermal Waves Under Shear Strain or Microflow
by Laurence Noirez, Eni Kume and Patrick Baroni
Liquids 2025, 5(4), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/liquids5040027 (registering DOI) - 9 Oct 2025
Abstract
Liquids like water are not expected to produce a thermal change under shear strain or flow (away from extreme conditions). In this study, we reveal experimental conditions for which the conventional athermal hydrodynamic assumption is no longer valid. We highlight the establishment of [...] Read more.
Liquids like water are not expected to produce a thermal change under shear strain or flow (away from extreme conditions). In this study, we reveal experimental conditions for which the conventional athermal hydrodynamic assumption is no longer valid. We highlight the establishment of non-equilibrium hot and cold thermal states occurring when a mesoscopic confined liquid is set in motion. Two stress situations are considered: low-frequency shear stress at large strain amplitude and microfluidic transport (pressure gradient). Two liquids are tested: water and glycerol at room temperature. In confined conditions (submillimeter scale), these liquids exhibit stress-induced thermal waves. We interpret the emergence of non-equilibrium temperatures as a consequence of the solicitation of the mesoscopic liquid elasticity. In analogy with elastic deformation, the mesoscopic volume decreases or increases slightly, which leads to a change in temperature (thermo-mechanical energy conversion). The energy acquired or released is converted to heat or cold, respectively. To account for these non-equilibrium temperatures, the mesoscopic flow is no longer considered as a complete dissipative process but as a way of propagating shear and thus compressive waves. This conclusion is consistent with recent theoretical developments showing that liquids propagate shear elastic waves at small scales. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Physics of Liquids)
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