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21 pages, 7827 KB

Open AccessArticle

Molecular Hydrogen Attenuates Chronic Inflammation and Delays the Onset of Ultraviolet B-Induced Skin Carcinogenesis in Mice

by Fumiko Hori, Sayaka Sobue, Chisato Inoue, Yoshiki Murakumo and Masatoshi Ichihara

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(2), 635; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27020635 (registering DOI) - 8 Jan 2026

Abstract

Molecular hydrogen (H₂) exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, its role in ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced skin carcinogenesis remains unclear. Male HR-1 hairless mice received continuous H₂ (2% hydrogen gas inhalation plus hydrogen-rich water (HRW)) or control treatment (normal air plus [...] Read more.

Molecular hydrogen (H₂) exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, its role in ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced skin carcinogenesis remains unclear. Male HR-1 hairless mice received continuous H₂ (2% hydrogen gas inhalation plus hydrogen-rich water (HRW)) or control treatment (normal air plus dehydrogenated water) during chronic dorsal UVB exposure (270 mJ/cm², three times per week, 20 weeks), followed by a 10-week observation period. This protocol was replicated independently. H₂ exposure consistently delayed the onset of papilloma and reduced cumulative tumor counts in both series, whereas prolonged survival and delayed squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) development each reached statistical significance in only one of the two experimental series. The cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) levels remained unchanged, indicating no reduction in DNA photolesions. H₂ exposure decreased epidermal T-cell infiltration, dermal IL-6 levels, and nuclear phosphorylated STAT3 levels. ERK and JNK phosphorylation levels were decreased. H₂ preserved the GSH/GSSG ratio following acute UVB exposure and reduced nuclear Nrf2 accumulation during chronic exposure. Epidermal thickness and proliferation markers (Ki-67 and PCNA) were decreased. These findings suggest that continuous H₂ administration attenuates inflammation-associated early UVB carcinogenesis through modulation of the IL-6/STAT3 and ERK/JNK pathways, supporting its use as a chemopreventive approach. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physiology and Molecular Medicine of Molecular Hydrogen)

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25 pages, 16856 KB

Open AccessArticle

Bupleuri Radix Polysaccharides Alleviate MASLD by Regulating Muribaculaceae-Derived SCFAs in the Gut–Liver Axis

by Yang Yang, Hong Wang, Yiqing Gu, Ruiyu Wu, Wenqing Qin, Ranyun Chen, Guifang Fan, Xiaoyong Xue, Jianhang Lan, Zixi Huang, Qi Han and Runping Liu

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(2), 637; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27020637 (registering DOI) - 8 Jan 2026

Abstract

Bupleuri radix has demonstrated therapeutic potential in treating liver disorders, and polysaccharides are one of its main bioactive components; however, the effects of Bupleuri radix polysaccharides (BRP) on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) remain unclear. This study aimed to identify the BRP [...] Read more.

Bupleuri radix has demonstrated therapeutic potential in treating liver disorders, and polysaccharides are one of its main bioactive components; however, the effects of Bupleuri radix polysaccharides (BRP) on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) remain unclear. This study aimed to identify the BRP fractions with anti-MASLD activity and elucidate their underlying mechanisms. We prepared BRP and characterized its physicochemical properties. It markedly alleviated liver injury and restored intestinal barrier function in MASLD. The correlation analysis between transcriptomics and targeted metabolomics showed that BRP restored intestinal acetic acid and propionic acid, with acetic acid activating AMPK and propionic acid promoting cholesterol efflux and metabolism in the liver, thereby reducing lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Mechanistically, 16S RNA sequencing and diversity analysis indicated that BRP enriched short chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria, such as the genus Muribaculaceae, and inhibited pro-inflammatory microbiota. Interestingly, Paramuribaculum intestinale (P. intestinale), a representative species in the genus Muribaculaceae, synergistically enhanced BRP in improving liver and colonic mucosal damage in MASLD. In conclusion, our findings revealed that BRP improved MASLD by regulating Muribaculaceae-derived SCFAs in the gut–liver axis and could be used in combination with probiotics as a novel therapeutic strategy for MASLD. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Pharmacology)

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20 pages, 6655 KB

Open AccessArticle

Short-Term Land-Use and Land-Cover Changes in European Mountain Regions: A Comparative Analysis of the Bucegi Mountains (Romania), the Allgäu High Alps (Germany), and Mount Olympus (Greece)

by Valentin-Florentin Jujea-Boldesco, Mihnea-Ștefan Costache, Anna Dakou-Chasioti, Nicolae Crăciun and Alexandru Nedelea

Geographies 2026, 6(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/geographies6010008 (registering DOI) - 8 Jan 2026

Abstract

Land-use and land-cover change (LULCC) is a crucial indicator of environmental transformation and has significant implications for biodiversity, ecosystem services, and climate change. This study investigates land-cover changes between 2017 and 2023 in three distinct mountain regions: the Bucegi Mountains, the Allgäu High [...] Read more.

Land-use and land-cover change (LULCC) is a crucial indicator of environmental transformation and has significant implications for biodiversity, ecosystem services, and climate change. This study investigates land-cover changes between 2017 and 2023 in three distinct mountain regions: the Bucegi Mountains, the Allgäu High Alps, and Mount Olympus. Using remote-sensing data from Sentinel 2 and Geographic Information System (GIS) tools, we analyzed temporal shifts in land-cover types across these regions. The analysis highlights the varying rates and patterns of land-cover transformation in response to environmental and anthropogenic factors. Additionally, the MOLUSCE model was employed to predict future land-cover changes for the year 2029. The findings emphasize the dynamic nature of land-cover in these mountainous areas and offer insights into the potential environmental implications of predicted changes. The Bucegi and the Olympus regions experienced minor land-use changes, while the Allgäu High Alps have the most dynamic changes. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of land-cover dynamics and the applicability of remote sensing and GIS-based predictive models in ecological monitoring. Full article

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34 pages, 6460 KB

Open AccessArticle

Explainable Gait Multi-Anchor Space-Aware Temporal Convolutional Networks for Gait Recognition in Neurological, Orthopedic, and Healthy Cohorts

by Abdullah Alharthi

Mathematics 2026, 14(2), 230; https://doi.org/10.3390/math14020230 (registering DOI) - 8 Jan 2026

Abstract

Gait recognition using wearable sensor data is crucial for healthcare, rehabilitation, and monitoring neurological and musculoskeletal disorders. This study proposes a deep learning framework for gait classification using inertial measurements from four body-mounted IMU sensors (head, lower back, and both feet). The data [...] Read more.

Gait recognition using wearable sensor data is crucial for healthcare, rehabilitation, and monitoring neurological and musculoskeletal disorders. This study proposes a deep learning framework for gait classification using inertial measurements from four body-mounted IMU sensors (head, lower back, and both feet). The data were collected from a publicly available, clinically annotated dataset comprising 1356 gait trials from 260 individuals with diverse pathologies. The framework, G-MASA-TCN (Gait Multi-Anchor, Space-Aware Temporal Convolutional Network), integrates multi-scale temporal fusion, graph-informed spatial modeling, and residual dilated convolutions to extract discriminative gait signatures. To ensure both high performance and interpretability, Integrated Gradients is incorporated as an explainable AI (XAI) method, providing sensor-level and temporal attributes that reveal the features driving model decisions. The framework is evaluated via repeated cross-validation experiments, reporting detailed metrics with cross-run statistical analysis (mean ± standard deviation) to assess robustness. Results show that G-MASA-TCN achieves 98% classification accuracy for neurological, orthopedic, and healthy cohorts, demonstrating superior stability and resilience compared to baseline architectures, including Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), Transformer neural networks, and standard TCNs, and 98.4% accuracy in identifying individual subjects based on gait. Furthermore, the model offers clinically meaningful insights into which sensors and gait phases contribute most to its predictions. This work presents an accurate, interpretable, and reliable tool for gait pathology recognition, with potential for translation to real-world clinical settings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deep Neural Network: Theory, Algorithms and Applications)

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23 pages, 7583 KB

Open AccessArticle

Attention–Diffusion–Fusion Paradigm for Fine-Grained Lentinula edodes Maturity Detection

by Xingmei Xu, Jiali Wang, Zhanchen Wei, Shujuan Wei and Jinying Li

Horticulturae 2026, 12(1), 76; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae12010076 (registering DOI) - 8 Jan 2026

Abstract

The maturity of Lentinus edodes directly affects its quality, taste, and market value. Currently, maturity assessment primarily relies on manual experience, making it difficult to ensure efficiency and consistency. To achieve efficient and accurate detection of Lentinus edodes maturity, this study proposes an [...] Read more.

The maturity of Lentinus edodes directly affects its quality, taste, and market value. Currently, maturity assessment primarily relies on manual experience, making it difficult to ensure efficiency and consistency. To achieve efficient and accurate detection of Lentinus edodes maturity, this study proposes an improved lightweight object detection model, YOLOv8n-CFS. Based on YOLOv8n, the model integrates the SegNeXt Attention structure to enhance key feature extraction capabilities and optimize feature representation. A Feature Diffusion Propagation Network (FDPN) is designed to improve the expressive ability of objects at different scales through cross-layer feature propagation, enabling precise detection. The CSFCN module combines global cue reasoning with fine-grained spatial information to enhance detection robustness and generalization performance in complex environments. The CWD method is adopted to further optimize the model. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves 97.34% mAP50 and 84.5% mAP95 on the Lentinus edodes maturity detection task, representing improvements of 2.02% and 4.92% compared to the baseline method, respectively. It exhibits excellent stability in five-fold cross-validation and outperforms models such as Faster R-CNN, YOLOv5n, YOLOv7-tiny, YOLOv8n, YOLOv8s, YOLOv10n, YOLOv11n, and YOLOv12. This study provides efficient and reliable technical support for Lentinus edodes maturity detection and holds significant implications for the intelligent production of edible fungi. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Artificial Intelligence and Simulation Technology in Fruits and Vegetables Production)

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17 pages, 455 KB

Open AccessArticle

Incorporating ESG to Create a Low-Volatility S&P 500 Index Fund

by John Clark, Kevin Krieger and Nathan Mauck

Sustainability 2026, 18(2), 645; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18020645 (registering DOI) - 8 Jan 2026

Abstract

The integration of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) principles into investment strategies represents a potential pathway for advancing financial sustainability and long-term market resilience. The usage of ESG screening techniques in portfolio construction is currently a subject of debate among practitioners and policymakers. [...] Read more.

The integration of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) principles into investment strategies represents a potential pathway for advancing financial sustainability and long-term market resilience. The usage of ESG screening techniques in portfolio construction is currently a subject of debate among practitioners and policymakers. This paper introduces a methodology that incorporates ESG scores into a low-volatility, Standard & Poor’s 500 index-based strategy without relying on traditional exclusionary screening. Rather than removing firms based solely on low ESG scores, we treat ESG as a predictive sustainability factor in identifying firms likely to experience extreme return volatility in the subsequent year, using a probit model and Fama–Macbeth estimation techniques. Firms with high ESG scores are found to be less likely to exhibit such behavior, suggesting an inverse relationship between ESG and risk. Our results show that portfolios constructed using this approach achieve higher average ESG scores, maintain returns equivalent to the benchmark, and reduce annualized return volatility by approximately 1.0%, a statistically significant reduction. By reframing ESG from a moral filter into a measurable risk mitigation mechanism, this study demonstrates how sustainability integration can enhance portfolio stability while supporting both financial and societal objectives. The proposed framework offers practical alternative for investors seeking exposure to sustainability-focused strategies while preserving traditional performance objectives. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electronic Business and Sustainable Development)

18 pages, 5540 KB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical and Experimental Study on Jet Flame Behavior and Smoke Pattern Characteristics of 50 Ah NCM Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Runaway

by Xuehui Wang, Zilin Fan, Zhuo’er Sun, Xin Fu, Mingyu Jin, Yang Shen, Shu Lin and Zhi Wang

Batteries 2026, 12(1), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries12010023 (registering DOI) - 8 Jan 2026

Abstract

This paper investigates the flame behavior and smoke pattern characteristics of lithium-ion battery (LIB) fires using an integrated experimental and numerical simulation approach. Based on fire dynamics theory, a jet flame model for LIB thermal runaway (TR) is developed to analyze the flame [...] Read more.

This paper investigates the flame behavior and smoke pattern characteristics of lithium-ion battery (LIB) fires using an integrated experimental and numerical simulation approach. Based on fire dynamics theory, a jet flame model for LIB thermal runaway (TR) is developed to analyze the flame height and dynamic characteristics. The results reveal two distinct regimes in LIB jet flames: momentum-controlled dominance in the early TR stage (lasting approximately 3 s) and buoyancy-controlled dominance in subsequent combustion. The jet flame shifts from a momentum-dominated regime (Fr > 5) to a buoyancy-dominated plume (Fr < 5) as the vent velocity decays below 12 m/s. The simulated flame heights align with experimental measurements and the Delichatsios model, validating the numerical approach. Furthermore, the distribution of flame components (e.g., H₂, CO, CO₂, CH₄, C₂H₄) is analyzed, highlighting the influence of multi-component gases on combustion heterogeneity. Smoke pattern analysis demonstrates that soot deposition varies significantly between momentum- and buoyancy-controlled stages, with the former producing darker, concentrated deposits and the latter yielding wider, lighter patterns. These findings provide a theoretical basis for forensic fire investigation (accident reconstruction) and targeted suppression strategies for different combustion stages. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Control, Modelling, and Management of Batteries)

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17 pages, 3689 KB

Open AccessArticle

Determination of Vanadium in Alkaline Leachates of Vanadium Slags Using High-Resolution Continuum Source Graphite Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (HR-CS GFAAS) Part I: The Influence of Sample Matrix on the Quality of Graphite Atomizer

by Dagmar Remeteiová, Silvia Ružičková, Ľubomír Pikna and Mária Heželová

Analytica 2026, 7(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/analytica7010007 (registering DOI) - 8 Jan 2026

Abstract

Interactions between alkaline solutions and the surface of pyrolytically coated graphite tubes (PCGTs) with/without a platform for determination of vanadium using high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (HR CS GFAAS) are discussed. Changes on the surface of tubes, lifetime of tubes, [...] Read more.

Interactions between alkaline solutions and the surface of pyrolytically coated graphite tubes (PCGTs) with/without a platform for determination of vanadium using high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (HR CS GFAAS) are discussed. Changes on the surface of tubes, lifetime of tubes, and formation of memory effect in the determination of vanadium in alkaline solutions (NaOH, Na₂CO₃, and real alkaline slag leachates) were investigated. Based on the results obtained, it is possible to state that HR CS GFAAS determination of vanadium content in alkaline solutions reveals that PCGTs with a platform are more susceptible than those without a platform to the formation of deposits and degradation of the platform surface, especially after the application of hydroxide environments. More marked and faster formation of deposits leads to shortening of the analytical lifetime of PCGTs with a platform (approx. 70 atomization/analytical cycles (ACs)) compared to PCGTs without a platform (approx. 290 ACs). The mechanical life of both types of tubes is comparable (approx. 500 ACs). Deposits formed on the internal surface of PCGTs can be removed in the presence of a carbonate environment and higher temperatures. Damage to the PCGT surface leads to the formation of scaled shapes and cavities, which can result in decreased absorbance due to losses of vanadium in the cavities (negative measurement error), or in increased absorbance by washing out of vanadium from the cavities (positive measurement error, and formation of memory effect). It was found that more frequent cleaning of PCGTs by performing ACs in an environment of 4 mol L⁻¹ HNO₃ can eliminate these unfavourable phenomena. Our results have shown that in the case of samples analysed with different sample environments (acidic vs. alkaline), the surface material of the tube/platform wears out more quickly, and therefore it is necessary to include a cleaning stage after changing the nature of the environment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Spectroscopy)

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33 pages, 6654 KB

Open AccessArticle

Ecological Restoration Zoning Based on the “Importance–Vulnerability” Framework for Ecosystem Services

by Nan Li, Zezhou Hu, Miao Zhang, Bei Wang and Tian Zhang

Sustainability 2026, 18(2), 648; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18020648 (registering DOI) - 8 Jan 2026

Abstract

The Qinling–Bashan mountainous region and its surrounding areas in Shaanxi Province constitute a critical ecological security barrier and significant socio-economic zone within China, currently experiencing mounting ecological stress from both natural processes and anthropogenic activities. This study proposes an ecological restoration zoning framework [...] Read more.

The Qinling–Bashan mountainous region and its surrounding areas in Shaanxi Province constitute a critical ecological security barrier and significant socio-economic zone within China, currently experiencing mounting ecological stress from both natural processes and anthropogenic activities. This study proposes an ecological restoration zoning framework built upon assessments of ecological vulnerability (EV) and ecosystem service value (ESV). The InVEST model was used to quantify major ecosystem services, while the Vulnerability Scoping Diagram (VSD) model evaluated ecological vulnerability. Both the ESV and EV layers were classified using the natural breaks method and aggregated at the township level to delineate restoration zones. Unlike previous studies relying on subjective judgment, this study constructs a standardized ‘vulnerability–service value’ decision matrix for the Qinling–Bashan region, providing a clear technical pathway for spatial restoration. Key findings include the following: (1) Spatial Vulnerability Pattern: The Qinling and Bashan mountain cores exhibit predominantly low vulnerability (potential and slight), while severe vulnerability is concentrated in the urbanizing Guanzhong Plain, emphasizing the need for urban ecological restoration. (2) Dominant Ecosystem Services: Carbon storage and net primary productivity (NPP) together account for 93% of the total ESV, highlighting the importance of forest conservation for national climate regulation. (3) Zoning Strategy: Four functional zones were defined, with the largest being the ecological conservation zone (44.8%), while a smaller ecological restoration zone (2.8%) in urban peripheries requires targeted intervention. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability of the Water Cycle System and Water Utilization in a Changing Environment)

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13 pages, 288 KB

Open AccessArticle

Yield, Nutritional Quality, and Microbial Safety of Microgreens Grown in Insect Frass and Vermicompost-Based Growing Substrates

by Giuseppe Di Cuia, Massimiliano D’Imperio, Federico Baruzzi, Alessia Marzulli, Francesco Gai and Angelo Parente

Agronomy 2026, 16(2), 158; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16020158 (registering DOI) - 8 Jan 2026

Abstract

Microgreens have gained increasing popularity due to their cooking versatility, ease of cultivation, and high nutritional value. The use of alternative organic substrates, such as vermicompost and insect frass, offers a promising alternative to peat. This study has evaluated the integration of Tenebrio [...] Read more.

Microgreens have gained increasing popularity due to their cooking versatility, ease of cultivation, and high nutritional value. The use of alternative organic substrates, such as vermicompost and insect frass, offers a promising alternative to peat. This study has evaluated the integration of Tenebrio molitor and Hermetia illucens frass, along with vermicompost, in a microgreen production, while assaying several concentrations (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) as replacements by weight. After a preliminary assay aimed at determining the optimal frass and vermicompost levels, we assessed the agronomic, nutritional, and microbiological performances of microgreens. The preliminary results revealed phytotoxic effects of T. molitor frass, while the addition of H. illucens frass or vermicompost did not significantly impact microgreen production. In the second experiment, the interaction between plant species and substrate composition significantly influenced the leaf area, plant height, and mineral content. Partial replacement of peat with H. illucens frass or vermicompost enhanced leaf area and plant height, with a notable increase in iron content in the mizuna microgreens grown with H. illucens frass, compared to the control with peat. Additionally, microbiological safety was ensured, and a complete absence of Salmonella spp. and E. coli was observed in the plants, in accordance with European food safety regulations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Horticultural and Floricultural Crops)

35 pages, 1656 KB

Open AccessReview

Microgrid Optimization with Metaheuristic Algorithms—A Review of Technologies and Trends for Sustainable Energy Systems

by Ghassan Zubi and Sofoklis Makridis

Sustainability 2026, 18(2), 647; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18020647 (registering DOI) - 8 Jan 2026

Abstract

Microgrids are evolving from simple hybrid systems into complex, multi-energy platforms with high-dimensional optimization challenges due to technological diversification, sector coupling, and increased data granularity. This review systematically examines the intersection of microgrid optimization and metaheuristic algorithms, focusing on the period from 2015 [...] Read more.

Microgrids are evolving from simple hybrid systems into complex, multi-energy platforms with high-dimensional optimization challenges due to technological diversification, sector coupling, and increased data granularity. This review systematically examines the intersection of microgrid optimization and metaheuristic algorithms, focusing on the period from 2015 to 2025. We first trace the technological evolution of microgrids and identify the drivers of increased optimization complexity. We then provide a structured overview of metaheuristic algorithms—including evolutionary, swarm intelligence, physics-based, and human-inspired approaches—and discuss their suitability for high-dimensional search spaces. Through a comparative analysis of case studies, we demonstrate that metaheuristics such as genetic algorithms, particle swarm optimization, and the gray wolf optimizer can reduce the computation time to under 10% of that required by an exhaustive search while effectively handling multimodal, constrained objectives. The review further highlights the growing role of hybrid algorithms and the need to incorporate uncertainty into optimization models. We conclude that future microgrid design will increasingly rely on adaptive and hybrid metaheuristics, supported by standardized benchmark problems, to navigate the growing dimensionality and ensure resilient, cost-effective, and sustainable systems. This work provides a roadmap for researchers and practitioners in selecting and developing optimization frameworks for the next generation of microgrids. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Development of the Renewable Energy and Hydrogen Technologies)

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19 pages, 14294 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Case Study on Predicting River Valley Deformation Following Reservoir Impoundment

by Lida Xu, Shunwen Zhou, Xingyong He, Guan Rong and Yaosheng Tan

Water 2026, 18(2), 167; https://doi.org/10.3390/w18020167 (registering DOI) - 8 Jan 2026

Abstract

Valley contraction poses a significant threat to high-arch dams, making the prediction of valley deformation a critical task in assessing the long-term performance of dams. The Baihetan dam is currently undergoing compression due to valley contraction, and its complex control mechanisms present major [...] Read more.

Valley contraction poses a significant threat to high-arch dams, making the prediction of valley deformation a critical task in assessing the long-term performance of dams. The Baihetan dam is currently undergoing compression due to valley contraction, and its complex control mechanisms present major challenges in predicting valley deformation. This paper proposes a hybrid model to predict valley deformation in Baihetan, which integrates numerical simulation and statistical analysis to identify the main causes of river valley deformation and make predictions based on extrapolation. A transient numerical seepage model has been used to comprehensively characterize the complex seepage field in the Baihetan dam site area over nearly a decade following impoundment. The hybrid model was developed based on this foundation to determine the contribution of each factor using monitoring data. The model can then be used for time series extrapolation to predict long-term deformation. By June 2028, the valley near the dam is projected to experience a deformation rate of less than 1 mm per month, with a maximum contraction of approximately 26.7 mm. This study provides a basis for assessing the long-term operational safety of the Baihetan and offers valuable reference for similar studies on valley deformation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geotechnical and Underground Engineering Problems Caused by Water Action)

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15 pages, 3635 KB

Open AccessArticle

In Situ Extrusion Processing of Treated and Untreated Pineapple Leaf Fibre-Reinforced PLA Composites for Improved Impact Performance

by Wei Jie Ng, Mun Kou Lai, Ching Hao Lee and Tze Chuen Yap

J. Manuf. Mater. Process. 2026, 10(1), 24; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp10010024 (registering DOI) - 8 Jan 2026

Abstract

Material extrusion (MEX) 3D-printed parts are primarily used for prototyping rather than functional components due to lower mechanical strength. To address this limitation and promote sustainability, current work explores the reinforcement of plant-based polylactic acid (PLA) with pineapple leaf fibre (PALF). An in [...] Read more.

Material extrusion (MEX) 3D-printed parts are primarily used for prototyping rather than functional components due to lower mechanical strength. To address this limitation and promote sustainability, current work explores the reinforcement of plant-based polylactic acid (PLA) with pineapple leaf fibre (PALF). An in situ approach was proposed to embed continuous PALF within the middle layer of a 3D-printed component during the MEX process. An experimental investigation was conducted to evaluate the impact performance of composites produced via this new fabrication method. To optimize the fibre–matrix interface, an alkaline treatment was applied to the natural fibre, enhancing interfacial adhesion. Neat PLA, along with two types of PALF-reinforced PLA composite, were printed with both single-strand and three-strand fibre configurations. Fracture surfaces were analyzed under a digital microscope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to correlate morphological characteristics with the impact strength. The results showed that the impact strength of the three-strand treated PALF-PLA composite (3 PALF-PLA) surpassed that of neat PLA by 2.71% due to reduced porosity. In contrast, the one-strand PALF-PLA composites exhibited lower performance compared to neat PLA due to the presence of the fibre gap caused by the mid-print pause. Treated fibres consistently outperformed untreated ones due to their rougher surface morphology resulting from alkaline treatment. The results demonstrate that the combination of alkaline treatment and continuous fibre reinforcement significantly enhances energy absorption of 3D-printed MEX parts and offers a sustainable pathway for 3D-printed MEX parts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative and Sustainable Advances in Polymer Composites for Additive Manufacturing: Processing, Microstructure, Machining, and Mechanical Properties)

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19 pages, 5968 KB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Hybrid Carbon-Based Fillers on Electrical and Mechanical Performance of Strain-Hardening Cementitious Composites (SHCCs)

by Liangliang Wei, Chenxi Xiao, Bixuan Yang, Shouwang Hu and Yu Zheng

Buildings 2026, 16(2), 267; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16020267 (registering DOI) - 8 Jan 2026

Abstract

Electrically conductive cement-based composites exhibit significant potential for a range of multifunctional applications. Nonetheless, the electrical and mechanical performance of ductile cement-based composites incorporating compound conductive additives has not been sufficiently explored. This study examines the effects of two distinct carbon-based fillers, namely [...] Read more.

Electrically conductive cement-based composites exhibit significant potential for a range of multifunctional applications. Nonetheless, the electrical and mechanical performance of ductile cement-based composites incorporating compound conductive additives has not been sufficiently explored. This study examines the effects of two distinct carbon-based fillers, namely carbon black and chopped carbon fibers, on strain-hardening cementitious composites (SHCC), and elucidates the synergistic mechanism of hybrid conductive fibers and fillers within SHCC. The findings indicate that a sufficiently high electrical conductivity can be achieved by incorporating 5 wt.% carbon black and 0.2–0.4 vol.% carbon fibers. The introduction of hybrid carbon-based fillers reduces the resistivity of SHCC by three orders of magnitude to less than 150 Ω∙cm, surpassing the performance of composites with a single carbon-based filler. Furthermore, the incorporation of hybrid carbon-based fillers and fibers enhances the compressive and flexural strength of cementitious composites. Compared to the referenced PE-SHCC, the tensile strength and strain of SHCC with 5 wt.% carbon black and 0.4 vol.% carbon fibers increased by 37.3% and 82.6%, respectively. A hybrid efficiency index (HEI) is proposed to assess both electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of SHCC incorporating with carbon-based fillers. The study’s findings offer an effective approach for utilizing hybrid carbon-based conductive fillers in the multifunctional applications of SHCC. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fiber-Reinforced Polymers and Fiber-Reinforced Concrete in Civil Engineering—2nd Edition)

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28 pages, 1959 KB

Open AccessSystematic Review

A Systematic Review of Place-Based Cultural Ecosystem Service Assessments: Categories, Methods, and Research Trends

by Ying Pan, Nik Hazwani Nik Hashim and Hong Ching Goh

Sustainability 2026, 18(2), 644; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18020644 (registering DOI) - 8 Jan 2026

Abstract

Cultural ecosystem services are intangible benefits people gain from ecosystems that enhance well-being. However, the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment indicates that about 70% of cultural ecosystem services are degraded or unsustainably used. To mitigate this decline, many regions and policies promote the assessment and [...] Read more.

Cultural ecosystem services are intangible benefits people gain from ecosystems that enhance well-being. However, the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment indicates that about 70% of cultural ecosystem services are degraded or unsustainably used. To mitigate this decline, many regions and policies promote the assessment and mapping of cultural ecosystem services. Since 2005, related research and publications have increased, yet place-based cultural ecosystem services assessments remain limited. This study aims to clarify key aspects of cultural ecosystem services assessment, including categories, methods, and case study area types. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses method, this study systematically reviewed 163 articles on place-based cultural ecosystem services assessment from Web of Science and Scopus from 2010 to September 2024. The results show diverse ecosystem types, assessment categories, and methods, with urban ecosystems most frequently studied. Fourteen cultural ecosystem service categories were identified based on term definitions and relevance. Non-monetary methods, such as questionnaires and social media data, were most commonly applied. Future research trends will focus on spatial visualization and mapping of supply and demand of cultural ecosystem services, emphasizing public perception. These findings provide planners and decision-makers with more detailed and specific information to better manage, design, and develop regions in a sustainable and culturally sensitive way. Full article

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21 pages, 8145 KB

Open AccessArticle

Scutellarein from Erigeron breviscapus Inhibits Apoptosis-Mediated Epithelial Barrier Disruption and Alleviates Cigarette Smoke-Induced Lung Injury

by Chuchu Xi, Hongrong Fu, Xu Qin, Yujing Wang, Kerui Ren, Mengmeng Song, Huaduan Liang, Fang Zhao and Zhengyu Cao

Pharmaceuticals 2026, 19(1), 113; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph19010113 (registering DOI) - 8 Jan 2026

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Cigarette smoke (CS) drives pathogenesis across the spectrum of chronic respiratory disorders, exerting its detrimental effects primarily through oxidative stress and programmed cell death. Scutellarein (Scu), a botanical-origin flavonoid enriched in respiratory therapeutics-oriented Chinese medicinal herbs, demonstrates established anti-inflammatory applications. This [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Cigarette smoke (CS) drives pathogenesis across the spectrum of chronic respiratory disorders, exerting its detrimental effects primarily through oxidative stress and programmed cell death. Scutellarein (Scu), a botanical-origin flavonoid enriched in respiratory therapeutics-oriented Chinese medicinal herbs, demonstrates established anti-inflammatory applications. This study systematically evaluated the protective roles of Scu against CS-induced lung injury and explored the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Subacute CS-exposed mice were used to evaluate the therapeutic effects of Scu on lung injury. Immunofluorescence and quantitative PCR were used to examine the expression levels of junctional proteins and proinflammatory mediators. Apoptotic cell death was quantified using Annexin V-FITC/7-AAD staining. Transepithelial electrical resistance and dextran permeability assay were used to access the barrier integrity in alveolar epithelial MLE-12 cells. Western blotting was used to detect the changes in the signal pathway. Results: In CS-exposed mice, Scu administration dose-dependently reduced histopathological scores, pulmonary edema, changes in the alveolar structure, and inflammatory cell infiltration. In MLE-12 cells, Scu significantly suppressed cigarette smoke condensate (CSC)-induced inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress, caspase-3 activation, and apoptosis and preserved CSC-suppressed tight junction protein expression and barrier disruption. Scu also rescued CSC-altered expression levels of Hrk, Ecscr, and Myo5b and mitigated the CSC-suppressed PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Conclusions: Scu alleviates CS-induced subacute lung injury through its antioxidant, anti-apoptotic effects to maintain epithelial barrier integrity likely via the mitigation of the CSC-suppressed PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Pharmacology)

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42 pages, 824 KB

Open AccessArticle

Leveraging the DAO for Edge-to-Cloud Data Sharing and Availability

by Adnan Imeri, Uwe Roth, Michail Alexandros Kourtis, Andreas Oikonomakis, Achilleas Economopoulos, Lorenzo Fogli, Antonella Cadeddu, Alessandro Bianchini, Daniel Iglesias and Wouter Tavernier

Future Internet 2026, 18(1), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/fi18010037 (registering DOI) - 8 Jan 2026

Abstract

Reliable data availability and transparent governance are fundamental requirements for distributed edge-to-cloud systems that must operate across multiple administrative domains. Conventional cloud-centric architectures centralize control and storage, creating bottlenecks and limiting autonomous collaboration at the network edge. This paper introduces a decentralized governance [...] Read more.

Reliable data availability and transparent governance are fundamental requirements for distributed edge-to-cloud systems that must operate across multiple administrative domains. Conventional cloud-centric architectures centralize control and storage, creating bottlenecks and limiting autonomous collaboration at the network edge. This paper introduces a decentralized governance and service-management framework that leverages Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs) and Decentralized Applications (DApps) to to govern and orchestrate verifiable, tamper-resistant, and continuously accessible data exchange between heterogeneous edge and cloud components. By embedding blockchain-based smart contracts within swarm-enabled edge infrastructures, the approach enables automated decision-making, auditable coordination, and fault-tolerant data sharing without relying on trusted intermediaries. The proposed OASEES framework demonstrates how DAO-driven orchestration can enhance data availability and accountability in real-world scenarios, including energy grid balancing, structural safety monitoring, and predictive maintenance of wind turbines. Results highlight that decentralized governance mechanisms enhance transparency, resilience, and trust, offering a scalable foundation for next-generation edge-to-cloud data ecosystems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue IoT–Edge–Cloud Computing and Decentralized Applications for Smart Cities)

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23 pages, 12097 KB

Open AccessArticle

Structure Elucidation and Toxicity Analyses of the Degradation Products of Aflatoxin B₁ and Zearalenone by Trichoderma reesei GG-T40

by Yixuan Wang, Lixia Fan, Guidong Li, Changying Guo, Mingxiao Ning, Bingchun Zhang, Jiangyong Qu and Xianfeng Ren

J. Fungi 2026, 12(1), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof12010046 (registering DOI) - 8 Jan 2026

Abstract

Mycotoxin contamination in agricultural products poses a serious challenge to food safety, severely threatening human and animal health and causing significant economic losses. This study aimed to investigate the degradation and detoxification capabilities of Trichoderma reesei GG-T40 against two representative mycotoxins—aflatoxin B₁ [...] Read more.

Mycotoxin contamination in agricultural products poses a serious challenge to food safety, severely threatening human and animal health and causing significant economic losses. This study aimed to investigate the degradation and detoxification capabilities of Trichoderma reesei GG-T40 against two representative mycotoxins—aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) and zearalenone (ZEN). The results showed that the degradation rates of AFB₁ and ZEN by this strain reached 98.6% and 88.4%, respectively. Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF MS), the degradation products were systematically characterized, leading to the identification of six AFB₁ degradation products (C₁₇H₁₄O₇, AFD₁: C₁₆H₁₄O₅, C₁₁H₁₀O₄, C₁₄H₁₆O₄, C₁₅H₁₀O₄, and C₁₇H₁₄O₅) and two ZEN degradation products (α-ZOL and β-ZOL). Toxicity evaluation revealed that the key toxic structures of AFB₁ were disrupted, significantly reducing or even eliminating the toxicity of its degradation products; ZEN was mainly converted into β-ZOL (accounting for 91.5%), which has lower estrogenic activity. Further toxicological experiments in mice confirmed that the degradation products were non-toxic and non-pathogenic under actual testing conditions, demonstrating systematic verification of their safety. In conclusion, T. reesei GG-T40 can efficiently and safely degrade AFB₁ and ZEN, showing great potential for developing green control technologies for mycotoxin contamination in food and feed raw materials, with important application value for ensuring food safety. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Fungi in Agriculture and Biotechnology)

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13 pages, 1862 KB

Open AccessTechnical Note

Beyond Strict Physics: Using Poiseuille’s Law as a Practical Framework to Optimize and Personalize Cementoplasty

by Sylvain Grange, Rémi Grange, Vincent Habouzit, Maxime Pastor, Louis-Martin Boucher, Jean-Pierre Pelage, Natalia Gorelik and Nicolas Stacoffe

J. Pers. Med. 2026, 16(1), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm16010041 (registering DOI) - 8 Jan 2026

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Poiseuille’s law describes the influence of radius, length, viscosity, and pressure on the flow of Newtonian fluids. Although bone cement is a non-Newtonian, shear-thinning, and polymerizing material that does not comply with this law in any predictive or quantitative sense, its qualitative [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Poiseuille’s law describes the influence of radius, length, viscosity, and pressure on the flow of Newtonian fluids. Although bone cement is a non-Newtonian, shear-thinning, and polymerizing material that does not comply with this law in any predictive or quantitative sense, its qualitative principles may offer a didactic framework for understanding factors that affect injectability during cementoplasty. The objective of this Technical Note is to provide an educational and conceptual interpretation of Poiseuille’s law as it relates to trocar selection, cement behavior, and procedural planning. Methods: This work presents theoretical calculations based on the r⁴/L component of Poiseuille’s equation, using manufacturer-specified internal radii for commonly used trocars. Relative flow rates were computed as r⁴/L ratios normalized to a 13-gauge, 15 cm trocar. Conceptual viscosity profiles illustrate qualitative differences among cements over time. A representative, fully anonymized clinical example is provided to illustrate the integration of these conceptual principles into practice. No experimental measurements were performed. Results: Theoretical calculations show that trocar radius has the strongest influence on theoretical flow, with an exponential effect (r⁴), whereas increasing trocar length proportionally reduces flow. Conceptual viscosity curves demonstrate the rapid rise in viscosity during polymerization and highlight the importance of timing and cement selection. The clinical example illustrates how trocar choice, access planning, and cement viscosity are adapted to lesion morphology and cortical integrity. Conclusions: Poiseuille’s law cannot model or predict bone cement behavior and has no procedural or clinical validity in cementoplasty. Its use in this Technical Note is strictly educational, providing a qualitative framework to illustrate general relationships between equipment characteristics, viscosity evolution, and resistance during injection, without offering clinical guidance or implying any impact on procedural planning, safety, or outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring Interventional Radiology: New Advances and Prospects)

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20 pages, 5261 KB

Open AccessArticle

Preparation of Chitosan Composite Film Loaded with Chlorogenic Acid–Chitosan Oligosaccharide Nanoparticles and Its Application in Preservation of Pleurotus geesteranus

by Ning Xu, Liru Luo, Fang Wu, Dan Luo, Liguo Feng and Huan Lu

Foods 2026, 15(2), 221; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15020221 (registering DOI) - 8 Jan 2026

Abstract

To reduce the environmental impact of plastic packaging in the edible fungi supply chain, this study developed an edible natural chitosan composite film loaded with chlorogenic acid–chitosan oligosaccharide nanoparticles (CGA/COS NPs). The effects of CGA/COS NPs as additives on the structure and overall [...] Read more.

To reduce the environmental impact of plastic packaging in the edible fungi supply chain, this study developed an edible natural chitosan composite film loaded with chlorogenic acid–chitosan oligosaccharide nanoparticles (CGA/COS NPs). The effects of CGA/COS NPs as additives on the structure and overall performances of chitosan-based films were systematically studied, and the application effect of nanoparticles/chitosan (NPs/CS) composite films in the preservation of Pleurotus geesteranus was explored. The results showed that the NPs had good compatibility with the film matrix, filled the voids of the chitosan matrix, enhanced the comprehensive performance of the film, and significantly improved the antioxidant activity of the film (DPPH free radical scavenging activity increased from 16.95% to 76.47%). Among all the films, the 5%NPs/CS composite film performed the best, not only having stronger barrier properties against moisture, oxygen, and ultraviolet rays, but also having the best thermal stability and mechanical properties, which can effectively extend the shelf life of Pleurotus geesteranus. This study developed a high-performance edible composite film, which provides a new path of great value for solving the preservation problem of perishable agricultural products such as Pleurotus geesteranus and promoting the innovative development of the green food packaging industry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Food Packaging and Preservation)

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40 pages, 1110 KB

Open AccessReview

From Waste to Treasure: Therapeutic Horizons of Polyhydroxyalkanoates in Modern Medicine

by Farid Hajareh Haghighi, Roya Binaymotlagh, Paula Stefana Pintilei, Laura Chronopoulou and Cleofe Palocci

Pharmaceutics 2026, 18(1), 82; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics18010082 (registering DOI) - 8 Jan 2026

Abstract

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), a family of biodegradable polyesters produced through microbial fermentation of carbon-rich residues, are emerging as attractive alternatives to petroleum-based plastics. Their appeal lies in their exceptional biocompatibility, inherent biodegradability, and tunable physicochemical properties across diverse applications. These materials are environmentally friendly [...] Read more.

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), a family of biodegradable polyesters produced through microbial fermentation of carbon-rich residues, are emerging as attractive alternatives to petroleum-based plastics. Their appeal lies in their exceptional biocompatibility, inherent biodegradability, and tunable physicochemical properties across diverse applications. These materials are environmentally friendly not just at the end of their life, but throughout their entire production–use–disposal cycle. This mini-review presents an update on the expanding biomedical relevance of PHAs, with emphasis on their utility in tissue engineering and drug delivery platforms. In addition, current clinical evaluations and regulatory frameworks are briefly discussed, underscoring the translational potential of PHAs in meeting unmet medical needs. As the healthcare sector advances toward environmentally responsible and patient-focused innovations, PHAs exemplify the convergence of waste valorization and biomedical progress, transforming discarded resources into functional materials for repair, regeneration, and healing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biodegradable Polymer Platforms for Long-Acting Drug Delivery)

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5 pages, 163 KB

Open AccessEditorial

Two-Dimensional Materials: From Synthesis to Applications, 2nd Edition

by Sake Wang, Nguyen Tuan Hung and Minglei Sun

Molecules 2026, 31(2), 215; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31020215 (registering DOI) - 8 Jan 2026

Abstract

Two-dimensional materials continue to redefine modern materials science by offering a unique combination of atomic-scale thickness, tunable electronic structures, and highly accessible surfaces [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Materials Chemistry)

37 pages, 2398 KB

Open AccessReview

The Impact of Vitreoretinal Surgery in Patients with Uveitis: Current Strategies and Emerging Perspectives

by Dimitrios Kalogeropoulos, Sofia Androudi, Marta Latasiewicz, Youssef Helmy, Ambreen Kalhoro Tunio, Markus Groppe, Mandeep Bindra, Mohamed Elnaggar, Georgios Vartholomatos, Farid Afshar and Chris Kalogeropoulos

Diagnostics 2026, 16(2), 198; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16020198 (registering DOI) - 8 Jan 2026

Abstract

Uveitis constitutes a heterogeneous group of intraocular inflammatory pathologies, including both infectious and non-infectious aetiologies, often leading to substantial morbidity and permanent loss of vision in up to 20% of the affected cases. Visual impairment is most prominent in intermediate, posterior, or panuveitis [...] Read more.

Uveitis constitutes a heterogeneous group of intraocular inflammatory pathologies, including both infectious and non-infectious aetiologies, often leading to substantial morbidity and permanent loss of vision in up to 20% of the affected cases. Visual impairment is most prominent in intermediate, posterior, or panuveitis and is commonly associated with cystoid macular oedema, epiretinal membranes, macular holes, and retinal detachment. In the context of uveitis, these complications arise as a result of recurrent flare-ups or chronic inflammation, contributing to cumulative ocular damage. Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) has an evolving role in the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to uveitis. Diagnostic PPV allows for the analysis of vitreous fluid and tissue using techniques such as PCR, flow cytometry, cytology, and cultures, providing further insights into intraocular immune responses. Therapeutic PPV can be employed for the management of structural complications associated with uveitis, in a wide spectrum of inflammatory clinical entities such as Adamantiades–Behçet disease, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, acute retinal necrosis, or ocular toxoplasmosis. Modern small-gauge and minimally invasive techniques improve visual outcomes, reduce intraocular inflammation, and may decrease reliance on systemic immunosuppression. Emerging technologies, including robot-assisted systems, are expected to enhance surgical precision and safety in the future. Despite these advances, PPV outcomes remain variable due to heterogeneity in indications, surgical techniques, and postoperative management. Prospective studies with standardized protocols, detailed subgroup analyses, and the integration of immunological profiling are needed to define which patients benefit most, optimize therapeutic strategies, and establish predictive biomarkers in uveitis management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Diagnostic Approaches in Uveitis and Inflammatory Vitreoretinal Diseases)

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14 pages, 1785 KB

Open AccessArticle

DINOv3-Driven Semantic Segmentation for Landslide Mapping in Mountainous Regions

by Zhiyi Dou, Edore Akpokodje, Yuelin He, Yuxin Liu, Zixuan Ni, Chang’an Xu, Muhammad Aslam and Meng Tang

Sensors 2026, 26(2), 406; https://doi.org/10.3390/s26020406 (registering DOI) - 8 Jan 2026

Abstract

Landslide hazard assessment increasingly demands the joint analysis of heterogeneous remote sensing data; however, automating this process remains difficult due to the pronounced resolution and texture discrepancies existing between satellite and aerial sensors. To address these limitations, this study proposes a robust segmentation [...] Read more.

Landslide hazard assessment increasingly demands the joint analysis of heterogeneous remote sensing data; however, automating this process remains difficult due to the pronounced resolution and texture discrepancies existing between satellite and aerial sensors. To address these limitations, this study proposes a robust segmentation framework capable of extracting sensor-robust representations. The framework leverages a DINOv3 transformer encoder and exploits representations from multiple transformer layers to capture complementary visual information, ranging from fine-grained surface textures to global semantic contexts, overcoming the receptive field constraints of conventional CNNs. Experiments on the Longxi satellite dataset achieve a Dice coefficient of 0.96 and an IoU of 0.938, and experiments on the Longxi UAV dataset achieve a Dice coefficient of 0.965 and an IoU of 0.941. These results show consistent segmentation performance on both the Longxi satellite and UAV datasets, despite differences in spatial resolution and surface appearance between acquisition platforms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue AI-Enhanced Sensor Data Integration and Processing)

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16 pages, 5459 KB

Open AccessArticle

Grice Arthrodesis and Arthroereisis in the Surgical Management of Pediatric Flatfoot: Radiological Outcomes and Limitations

by Harun Marie, Alexandru Herdea, Ruxandra Ilinca Marica and Alexandru Ulici

J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(2), 509; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15020509 (registering DOI) - 8 Jan 2026

Abstract

Background: Flexible flatfoot is a common pediatric condition. Surgical intervention is indicated for symptomatic cases unresponsive to conservative treatment. This study evaluates the outcomes of two established procedures, Grice extraarticular subtalar arthrodesis and subtalar arthroereisis, in children treated for symptomatic flatfoot. Methods: A [...] Read more.

Background: Flexible flatfoot is a common pediatric condition. Surgical intervention is indicated for symptomatic cases unresponsive to conservative treatment. This study evaluates the outcomes of two established procedures, Grice extraarticular subtalar arthrodesis and subtalar arthroereisis, in children treated for symptomatic flatfoot. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 158 patients (286 feet) treated between 2013 and 2024. Among them, 34 underwent Grice arthrodesis and 124 underwent arthroereisis. Demographic and procedural data were collected, including age, sex, neurological impairment (cerebral palsy), laterality, and concurrent Achilles tendon lengthening. Radiographic parameters assessed pre- and postoperatively included Meary’s, Pitch, and Kite’s angles (frontal and sagittal view), uncovering of the talus, and Cyma line. Only patients with both pre- and postoperative measurements were included in paired analysis. Statistical tests included paired t-tests within groups and Welch’s t-tests for between-group comparisons. Results: Grice patients were younger (mean age 9.0 ± 3.1 years) and included all cerebral palsy cases (18/34; 52.9%), while arthroereisis patients were older (10.8 ± 2.6 years) and typically neurologically normal. Achilles tendon lengthening was performed in 100% of Grice and 48% of arthroereisis cases. Both groups showed significant radiographic improvement across all measured parameters (all p < 0.05). Grice arthrodesis produced greater reductions in Meary’s angle (right Δ = −19.8° ± 9.2 vs. −13.1° ± 7.5; p = 0.024), while arthroereisis yielded larger increases in Pitch angle (left Δ = +9.2° ± 7.2 vs. +5.5° ± 6.2; p = 0.055). Other angular improvements (Kite’s, uncovering, and Cyma line) were statistically significant within both groups but not between groups. Conclusions: Symptomatic flat-valgus foot in children remains a relevant public health issue. Treatment should be individualized, while cases secondary to unrecognized or untreated congenital conditions often require surgery to restore normal foot biomechanics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Orthopedics)

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26 pages, 1653 KB

Open AccessReview

Neurological Benefits of Seaweed-Derived Compounds

by Leonel Pereira and Ana Valado

Mar. Drugs 2026, 24(1), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/md24010031 (registering DOI) - 8 Jan 2026

Abstract

Seaweed represents a diverse group of marine organisms rich in bioactive compounds that have attracted interest for their potential relevance in neurological research. Recent studies highlight their ability to modulate neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, synaptic plasticity, and pathways implicated in neurodegeneration in preclinical models. [...] Read more.

Seaweed represents a diverse group of marine organisms rich in bioactive compounds that have attracted interest for their potential relevance in neurological research. Recent studies highlight their ability to modulate neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, synaptic plasticity, and pathways implicated in neurodegeneration in preclinical models. Extracts from brown, red, and green algae contain polysaccharides, polyphenols, carotenoids, and fatty acids that exhibit neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro and in vivo, although these findings remain limited to experimental systems. This review synthesizes current evidence on the neurological activities of seaweed-derived compounds, emphasizing mechanistic findings while clearly distinguishing between experimental observations and unvalidated clinical implications. Challenges related to bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, safety, and clinical translation are discussed, alongside considerations for future research. Evidence in humans remains scarce and indirect, and no seaweed-derived compound has demonstrated neuroprotection or disease-modifying effects in clinical settings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Algae: Unveiling Their Nutritional, Health, and Nutraceutical Potential—2nd Edition)

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