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24 pages, 1916 KB

Open AccessReview

The Potential of Bioethanol from Agricultural Crop Residues: A Case Study of Algeria

by Monirul Islam Miskat, Aditta Chowdhury, Sadiq M. Sait and Rabiul Islam

Bioresour. Bioprod. 2025, 1(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioresourbioprod1010003 (registering DOI) - 19 Sep 2025

Abstract

Due to the ever-increasing energy demand, Algeria’s sustainable energy crisis is a significant problem. Plant and crop residues can be a solution to this problem if they are used for bioethanol production, a viable alternative to fossil fuels. This study explores the potential [...] Read more.

Due to the ever-increasing energy demand, Algeria’s sustainable energy crisis is a significant problem. Plant and crop residues can be a solution to this problem if they are used for bioethanol production, a viable alternative to fossil fuels. This study explores the potential of existing agricultural crop residues to overcome the sustainable energy crisis in Algeria. Agricultural residues such as cereals, roots and tubers, pulses, oil crops, vegetables, and fruits have great potential to solve the problem. The agricultural residues that are normally wasted can be utilized to produce bioethanol, which provides sustainable energy and also help to obtain a clean environment. It has been found that 1.65 million tons of bioethanol can be produced from Algeria’s available residues, which is equivalent to 44.10 petajoule of energy. Cereal and fruit residues contribute to most bioethanol generation, about 47.22% and 23.38%, respectively. In addition, bioethanol generated from residue can be used in Algeria’s transportation sector. Considering Algeria’s current energy condition, gasoline blended with ethanol such as E10 and E5 can be used in Algerian vehicles since no modification of vehicles is needed for utilizing these fuels. Research indicates that lignocellulosic biomass sources in Algeria, such as Alfa, olive pomace, and cereal straw, could provide up to 0.67 million tons of oil equivalent (Mtoe), representing approximately 4.37% of the energy consumption of the transport sector in Algeria. Algeria has the potential to produce up to 73.5 Mtoe and 57.9 Mtoe of renewable energy utilizing the energy crops. This study will also encourage relevant policymakers to develop sustainable energy policies that will enhance the renewable energy share in Algerian energy dynamics. Full article

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27 pages, 2124 KB

Open AccessReview

Emerging Digitalization in Property/Facility Management: A State-of-the-Art Review and Future Directions

by Colin Yu Shing Chui, Tarek Zayed, Jiduo Xing and Shihui Ma

Intell. Infrastruct. Constr. 2025, 1(2), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/iic1020007 (registering DOI) - 19 Sep 2025

Abstract

Digitalization has become a driving force for significant advancements in property/facility management (PFM). It is necessary to identify the research gaps and future research directions, which could enable the effective development of digital technologies (DTs) in the context of PFM. This paper aims [...] Read more.

Digitalization has become a driving force for significant advancements in property/facility management (PFM). It is necessary to identify the research gaps and future research directions, which could enable the effective development of digital technologies (DTs) in the context of PFM. This paper aims to review how DTs emerge to drive digitalization in PFM and identify gaps that need to be addressed in future research. The findings reveal that research on integrating BIM, IoT, AR, AI, and big data in sustainable transformations, real-time data, and energy optimization is limited, with challenges in data security, privacy, and system interoperability. Future research should focus on BIM for sustainability, real-time data, and AR applications, alongside IoT and blockchain integration for security. Investigating VR in maintenance, AI for energy optimization, improved prediction accuracy, and enhanced NLP for chatbots are also critical areas for exploration. This state-of-the-art review summarized the gaps from the existing literature of property management digitalization and provides an update on research gaps and directions for the digitalization in PFM. Full article

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15 pages, 5753 KB

Open AccessArticle

In Silico Study of Natural Polyphenols as Potential Metabolic Modulators in Mitigating Lipotoxicity in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via Thyroid Hormone Receptor Alpha Activation

by Evangelia K. Konstantinou, Athanasios A. Panagiotopoulos and Maria Dimitriou

Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2025, 47(9), 777; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb47090777 (registering DOI) - 19 Sep 2025

Abstract

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic disorder described by the deposition of triglycerides in the liver, which primarily occurs due to insulin resistance and obesity. Thyroid hormone receptor alpha (THRA) is involved in metabolic pathways that promote lipolysis, which can prevent [...] Read more.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic disorder described by the deposition of triglycerides in the liver, which primarily occurs due to insulin resistance and obesity. Thyroid hormone receptor alpha (THRA) is involved in metabolic pathways that promote lipolysis, which can prevent the accumulation of liver fat. As a possible treatment for NAFLD, this in silico study examines the binding interactions between THRA and polyphenols and flavonoids present in fruits and vegetables. Including caffeic acid, curcumin, and chlorogenic acid, the binding affinities of the natural substances to THRA were found comparable to the hormone T3, boosting the THRA–TRAP220 complex, promoting fatty acid oxidation, while decreasing lipid accumulation in the liver. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Bioinformatics and Systems Biology)

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16 pages, 254 KB

Open AccessArticle

Different Sides of University Life: An Exploratory Study Investigating How Multiple Visits to a Campus Nurture a Rounded View of the Setting and Strengthen Intentions Towards Higher Education Progression

by Cherry Canovan, Hibah Sohail and Anna Graham

Trends High. Educ. 2025, 4(3), 55; https://doi.org/10.3390/higheredu4030055 (registering DOI) - 19 Sep 2025

Abstract

The evidence base supporting practices to widen participation in higher education, such as campus visits and multi-intervention programs for younger students, remains limited. In order to address this gap, this exploratory study examines the impact of repeated university campus exposure on primary-aged children [...] Read more.

The evidence base supporting practices to widen participation in higher education, such as campus visits and multi-intervention programs for younger students, remains limited. In order to address this gap, this exploratory study examines the impact of repeated university campus exposure on primary-aged children in the UK. We studied the influence of a campus tour on the views of a group of 78 primary school children who had visited the setting on a previous occasion. Our cohort (32M, 45F, aged 10–11) was drawn from schools with high populations of pupils from low-socioeconomic status backgrounds. Using a pre- and post-visit survey design, we assessed changes in perceptions following a second campus tour, building on a prior visit. We found that while one visit was enough to establish basic perceptions—for example, a university is big not small—a second visit allowed participants to see a different side of the university experience, adding nuance, expanding university-related vocabulary, and increasing comfort with the campus environment. Notably, repeat visits strengthened intentions to pursue higher education. We conclude that multiple campus visits benefit low-participation groups by fostering familiarity and exposing younger pupils to different motivations for university attendance. While this study provides a useful foundation from which to explore this area, further work is needed to address limitations such as the small sample size and the UK-specific context. Full article

18 pages, 780 KB

Open AccessReview

Anti-TB Drugs for Drug-Sensitive and Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A Review

by Kara Lukas, Madeleine T. Dang, Clare Necas and Vishwanath Venketaraman

Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2025, 47(9), 776; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb47090776 (registering DOI) - 19 Sep 2025

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is a global health challenge caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with drug resistance, treatment toxicity, and treatment adherence challenges continuing to impede control efforts. The objective of this review is to explore current advancements in TB treatment, for both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant [...] Read more.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a global health challenge caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with drug resistance, treatment toxicity, and treatment adherence challenges continuing to impede control efforts. The objective of this review is to explore current advancements in TB treatment, for both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant TB, focusing on pharmacologic regimens, diagnostics, and adjunctive therapies. For drug-sensitive TB, a 4-month rifapentine–moxifloxacin regimen has been proven to be non-inferior to the traditional 6-month standard, while optimized pyrazinamide dosing or faropenem substitution may improve culture conversion and reduce adverse events. In drug-resistant TB, regimens such as the bedaquiline, pretomanid, linezolid, and moxifloxacin have demonstrated efficacy with substantially shorter treatment duration; however, incidents of hepatotoxicity and linezolid-related neuropathy require careful monitoring. Adjunctive therapies, such as metformin, N-Acetylcysteine, aspirin, and statins, show promising effects in modulating host immunity and reducing long-term lung damage. Advances in diagnostics, including whole genome sequencing and CRISPR-based methods, are enabling rapid detection of resistance mutations and directed therapy. Vaccine development has advanced beyond the BCG vaccine to explore vaccines with enhanced immunogenicity or ones that are safe for immunocompromised patients. Implementation strategies such as video directly observed therapy are improving adherence; additionally, community-based, technology-supported interventions significantly improve TB knowledge and compliance. An integrated approach that combines optimized pharmacologic regimens, host-directed therapies, advanced diagnostics, and patient-centered public health strategies is essential to reduce TB incidence, long-term morbidity, and mortality. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Bioorganic Chemistry and Medicinal Chemistry)

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8 pages, 608 KB

Open AccessCase Report

Pulmonary Embolism Associated with Olaparib in BRCA2-Mutated Prostate Cancer: A Case Report

by Shuhei Ishii, Shigekatsu Maekawa, Fumiko Amano, Daichi Kikuchi, Daiki Ikarashi, Renpei Kato, Mitsugu Kanehira, Ryo Takata, Jun Sugimura and Wataru Obara

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(9), 523; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32090523 (registering DOI) - 19 Sep 2025

Abstract

Olaparib, a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor approved for treating metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) with BRCA mutations, has significant clinical benefits. However, evidence suggests an increased risk of venous thromboembolism, including pulmonary embolism (PE), particularly in patients with PC. However, no case [...] Read more.

Olaparib, a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor approved for treating metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) with BRCA mutations, has significant clinical benefits. However, evidence suggests an increased risk of venous thromboembolism, including pulmonary embolism (PE), particularly in patients with PC. However, no case reports of olaparib-associated PE in mCRPC have been published. Here, we report the case of a 70-year-old man with mCRPC harboring a BRCA2 mutation, who developed PE during olaparib therapy. Diagnostic evaluations included contrast-enhanced computed tomography and serum D-dimer level measurement. Clinical decision tools, such as the Wells score and the Khorana score, were used to support the diagnosis and risk assessment. The patient developed acute dyspnea and chest pain 7 months after olaparib initiation. Imaging confirmed multiple pulmonary emboli; laboratory testing revealed markedly elevated D-dimer levels. Anticoagulation therapy with apixaban led to rapid clinical and radiological improvement. However, mCRPC eventually progressed after olaparib discontinuation, and the patient died 15 months after olaparib initiation. This is the first reported case of olaparib-associated PE in mCRPC. It underscores the importance of vigilance for thromboembolic complications during PARP inhibitor therapy. The integration of clinical scoring systems and biomarkers may facilitate timely PE diagnosis and management, potentially improving patient outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Genitourinary Oncology)

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18 pages, 8102 KB

Open AccessReview

The Early History of Visual Virtuality with Two Eyes

by Nicholas J. Wade

Virtual Worlds 2025, 4(3), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/virtualworlds4030041 (registering DOI) - 19 Sep 2025

Abstract

Visual virtuality can be seen as involving the processing and perception of pictorial images. The production of such representations has a longer history than speculations about their perception. Pictorial images of objects and scenes lack two dimensions present in their subject matter—depth and [...] Read more.

Visual virtuality can be seen as involving the processing and perception of pictorial images. The production of such representations has a longer history than speculations about their perception. Pictorial images of objects and scenes lack two dimensions present in their subject matter—depth and motion. Instruments to investigate stereoscopic depth and apparent motion were invented in the early 1830s. Wheatstone devised stereoscopes and conducted experiments with them; Plateau and Stampfer independently crafted devices for presenting sequences of slightly different patterns that created the impression of motion. Wheatstone later proposed how moving and stereoscopic images could be combined. Thereafter, interpretations of virtual depth and motion perception became more concerned with central processing rather than being based on geometrical optics. Full article

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14 pages, 3698 KB

Open AccessArticle

Active Gaze Guidance and Pupil Dilation Effects Through Subject Engagement in Ophthalmic Imaging

by David Harings, Niklas Bauer, Damian Mendroch, Uwe Oberheide and Holger Lubatschowski

J. Eye Mov. Res. 2025, 18(5), 45; https://doi.org/10.3390/jemr18050045 (registering DOI) - 19 Sep 2025

Abstract

Modern ophthalmic imaging methods such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) typically require expensive scanner components to direct the light beam across the retina while the patient’s gaze remains fixed. This proof-of-concept experiment investigates whether the patient’s natural eye movements can replace mechanical scanning [...] Read more.

Modern ophthalmic imaging methods such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) typically require expensive scanner components to direct the light beam across the retina while the patient’s gaze remains fixed. This proof-of-concept experiment investigates whether the patient’s natural eye movements can replace mechanical scanning by guiding the gaze along predefined patterns. An infrared fundus camera setup was used with nine healthy adults (aged 20–57) who completed tasks comparing passive viewing of moving patterns to actively tracing them by drawing using a touchpad interface. The active task involved participant-controlled target movement with real-time color feedback for accurate pattern tracing. Results showed that active tracing significantly increased pupil diameter by an average of 17.8% (range 8.9–43.6%; p < 0.001) and reduced blink frequency compared to passive viewing. More complex patterns led to greater pupil dilation, confirming the link between cognitive load and physiological response. These findings demonstrate that patient driven gaze guidance can stabilize gaze, reduce blinking, and naturally dilate the pupil. These conditions might enhance the quality of scannerless OCT or other imaging techniques benefiting from guided gaze and larger pupils. There could be benefits for children and people with compliance issues, although further research is needed to consider cognitive load. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Eye Tracking and Visualization)

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26 pages, 6112 KB

Open AccessArticle

Preliminary Experimental Validation of Single-Phase Natural Circulation Loop Based on RELAP5-3D Code: Part I

by Hossam H. Abdellatif, Joshua Young, David Arcilesi and Richard Christensen

J. Nucl. Eng. 2025, 6(3), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/jne6030038 (registering DOI) - 19 Sep 2025

Abstract

The molten salt reactor (MSR) is a prominent Generation IV nuclear reactor concept that offers substantial advantages over conventional solid-fueled systems, including enhanced fuel utilization, inherent passive safety features, and significant reductions in long-lived radioactive waste. Central to its safety strategy is a [...] Read more.

The molten salt reactor (MSR) is a prominent Generation IV nuclear reactor concept that offers substantial advantages over conventional solid-fueled systems, including enhanced fuel utilization, inherent passive safety features, and significant reductions in long-lived radioactive waste. Central to its safety strategy is a reliance on natural circulation (NC) mechanisms, which eliminate the need for active pumping systems and enhance system reliability during normal and off-normal conditions. However, the challenges associated with molten salts, such as their high melting points, corrosivity, and material compatibility issues, render experimental investigations inherently complex and demanding. Therefore, the use of high-Pr-number surrogate fluids represents a practical alternative for studying molten salt behavior under safer and more accessible experimental conditions. In this study, a single-phase natural circulation loop setup at the University of Idaho’s Thermal–Hydraulics Laboratory was employed to investigate NC behavior under various operating conditions. The RELAP5-3D code was initially validated against water-based experiments before employing Therminol-66, a high-Prandtl-number surrogate for molten salts, in the natural circulation loop for the first time. The RELAP5-3D results demonstrated good agreement with both steady-state and transient experimental results, thereby confirming the code’s ability to model NC behavior in a single-phase flow regime. The results also highlighted certain experimental limitations that should be addressed to enhance the NC loop’s performance. These include increasing the insulation thickness to reduce heat losses, incorporating a dedicated mass flow measurement device for improved accuracy, and replacing the current heater with a higher-capacity unit to enable testing at elevated power levels. By identifying and addressing the main causes of these limitations and uncertainties during water-based experiments, targeted improvements can be implemented in both the RELAP5 model and the experimental setup, thereby ensuring that tests using a surrogate fluid for MSR analyses are conducted with higher accuracy and minimal uncertainty. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Thermal Hydraulics of Nuclear Power Plants)

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42 pages, 21157 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Revised Checklist and Identification Key for Acotylean Flatworms (Rhabditophora: Polycladida: Acotylea) from the Caribbean Coast of Colombia

by Jorge I. Merchán-Mayorga, D. Marcela Bolaños, Lyda R. Castro and Sigmer Quiroga

Taxonomy 2025, 5(3), 51; https://doi.org/10.3390/taxonomy5030051 (registering DOI) - 19 Sep 2025

Abstract

The Order Polycladida comprises a diverse yet understudied group of free-living flatworms, traditionally divided into Cotylea and Acotylea based on the presence or absence of a ventral adhesive organ known as a cotyl. Species identification, particularly within Acotylea, is often challenging due to [...] Read more.

The Order Polycladida comprises a diverse yet understudied group of free-living flatworms, traditionally divided into Cotylea and Acotylea based on the presence or absence of a ventral adhesive organ known as a cotyl. Species identification, particularly within Acotylea, is often challenging due to the need for histological examination of reproductive structures and the scarcity of molecular data. The Tropical Western Atlantic, especially the Caribbean Sea, hosts high polyclad diversity but remains poorly surveyed. This study updates the checklist of Acotylea from the Colombian Caribbean, combining new collections from Santa Marta with the literature records. Field work yielded 22 acotylean species from 14 genera and 10 families, with DNA sequences (28S rDNA and/or COI mtDNA) obtained for 20 species. 11 species are new records for Colombia, and five for the Caribbean Sea: Latocestus brasiliensis Hyman, 1953, Notocomplana martae (Marcus, 1948), Interplana evelinae (Marcus, 1952), Triadomma curvum Marcus, 1949, and Adenoplana evelinae Marcus, 1950. In total, 29 species are now documented from the region. We provide photographs of live specimens, whole mounts, and histological sections; DNA barcodes for most species; and the first dichotomous key for Colombian Caribbean acotyleans, based primarily on external traits, providing a practical tool to support further taxonomic, ecological, and biodiversity research. Full article

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9 pages, 382 KB

Open AccessArticle

Hear My Voice! The Experience of Self-Advocacy Among Patients with Enterostomy: A Qualitative Study

by Yanlin Shen, Yashi Zou, Juan Du, Shaoqi Chen, Jing Tan and Huijuan Ma

Nurs. Rep. 2025, 15(9), 341; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep15090341 (registering DOI) - 19 Sep 2025

Abstract

Objective: This qualitative study aimed to understand the experience of self-advocacy among patients with enterostomy and to identify the behaviors, influencing factors, and benefits of self-advocacy. Methods: A descriptive phenomenological method was used, and the study was conducted from April to June 2024. [...] Read more.

Objective: This qualitative study aimed to understand the experience of self-advocacy among patients with enterostomy and to identify the behaviors, influencing factors, and benefits of self-advocacy. Methods: A descriptive phenomenological method was used, and the study was conducted from April to June 2024. A total of 17 patients with enterostomy were interviewed, and Colaizzi’s seven-step method was used to analyze interview data. Results: Three themes and thirteen sub-themes were generated: behaviors of self-advocacy (information seeking, effective communication, support seeking, and decision making), influencing factors of self-advocacy (type of enterostomy, economic burden, caregiving burden, stigma, and social support), and benefits of self-advocacy (enhancing self-care skills, enhancing physiological–psychological–social adaptability, dietary habit modification, and peer support). Conclusions: Self-advocacy is a critical tool for overcoming challenges, meeting needs, and cultivating connected strength, and targeted interventions could be designed to improve the levels of self-advocacy and self-management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Nursing Care for Cancer Patients)

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21 pages, 781 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Resilience Entropy-Based Framework for V2G Charging Station Siting and Resilient Reconfiguration of Power Distribution Networks Under Disasters

by Chutao Zheng, Fawen Chen, Zeli Xi, Guowei Guo, Xinsen Yang and Cong Chen

World Electr. Veh. J. 2025, 16(9), 532; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj16090532 (registering DOI) - 19 Sep 2025

Abstract

In the post-disaster recovery of power distribution networks (PDNs), electric vehicles (EVs) possess a great potential as mobile energy storage units. When supported by vehicle-to-grid (V2G)-enabled charging stations, EVs can provide effective supplementary power for disaster-stricken areas. However, most existing stations only support [...] Read more.

In the post-disaster recovery of power distribution networks (PDNs), electric vehicles (EVs) possess a great potential as mobile energy storage units. When supported by vehicle-to-grid (V2G)-enabled charging stations, EVs can provide effective supplementary power for disaster-stricken areas. However, most existing stations only support unidirectional charging, limiting the resilience-enhancing potential of V2G. To address this gap, this paper proposes a resilience-oriented restoration optimization model that jointly considers the siting of V2G-enabled charging stations and PDN topology reconfiguration. A novel metric—Resilience Entropy—is introduced to dynamically characterize the recovery process. The model explicitly describes fault propagation and circuit breaker operations, while incorporating power flow and radial topology constraints to ensure secure operation. EV behavioral uncertainty is also considered to enhance model adaptability under real-world post-disaster conditions. The optimal siting scheme is obtained by solving the proposed model. Case studies demonstrate the model’s effectiveness in improving post-disaster supply and recovery efficiency, and analyze the impact of user participation willingness on V2G-based restoration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Charging Infrastructure and Grid Integration)

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17 pages, 2175 KB

Open AccessArticle

From Thermal Conversion to Cathode Performance: Acid-Activated Walnut Shell Biochar in Li–S Batteries and Its Impact on Air Quality

by Fabricio Aguirre, Guillermina Luque, Gabriel Imwinkelried, Fernando Cometto, Clara Saux, Mariano Teruel and María Belén Blanco

Thermo 2025, 5(3), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/thermo5030034 (registering DOI) - 19 Sep 2025

Abstract

The thermal processing of walnut shells was investigated through pyrolysis within the range of 100–650 °C, highlighting the influence of thermal engineering parameters on biomass conversion. The resulting biochar was subjected to chemical activation with phosphoric acid, and its physicochemical properties were evaluated [...] Read more.

The thermal processing of walnut shells was investigated through pyrolysis within the range of 100–650 °C, highlighting the influence of thermal engineering parameters on biomass conversion. The resulting biochar was subjected to chemical activation with phosphoric acid, and its physicochemical properties were evaluated to determine how thermal processing enhances its performance as a cathode material for lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. This approach underscores the role of thermal engineering in bridging biomass valorization with energy storage technologies. In parallel, the gaseous fraction generated during walnut shell fast pyrolysis was collected, and for the first time, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) under atmospheric conditions were identified using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The composition of the VOCs was characterized, quantifying aromatic compounds, hydrocarbons, furans, and oxygenated species. This study further linked the thermal decomposition pathways of these compounds to their atmospheric implications by estimating tropospheric lifetimes and evaluating their potential contributions to air quality degradation at the local, regional, and global scales. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermodynamic Analysis and Modeling in Biomass Thermal Conversion Processes)

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17 pages, 623 KB

Open AccessArticle

Understanding Revisit Intention in Local Culinary Tourism: The Mediating Role of Memorable Culinary Tourism Experience and Destination Image

by Ramon Hurdawaty, Wirawan Dony Dahana and Yuary Farradia

Tour. Hosp. 2025, 6(4), 184; https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp6040184 (registering DOI) - 19 Sep 2025

Abstract

This study examines the impact of food authenticity and social media exposure on revisit intention, mediated by the roles of memorable culinary tourism experience and destination image. This research uses a quantitative approach with an explanatory research type. The survey was conducted on [...] Read more.

This study examines the impact of food authenticity and social media exposure on revisit intention, mediated by the roles of memorable culinary tourism experience and destination image. This research uses a quantitative approach with an explanatory research type. The survey was conducted on 400 domestic tourists who had experienced local culinary tourism in Magelang Regency through the distribution of questionnaires. Data analysis used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the LISREL 8.8 software. The research results indicate that food authenticity and social media exposure have a positive and significant impact on revisit intention, mediated by the Memorable Culinary Tourism Experiences and Destination Image. These findings expand the Consumer Behavior Theory by integrating cultural and digital elements, strengthen the Stimulus–Organism–Response (SOR) Theory, and support the development of Brand Equity Theory in culinary tourism destinations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Authentic Tourist Experiences: The Value of Intangible Heritage)

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13 pages, 282 KB

Open AccessReview

Radiotherapy and Its Consequences in Relation to Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma—A Narrative Review

by Gal Feller, Duvern Ramiah, Faiza Mahomed, Liviu Feller and Razia A. G. Khammissa

Radiation 2025, 5(3), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/radiation5030026 (registering DOI) - 19 Sep 2025

Abstract

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is typically found in middle-aged or elderly individuals, is more common in men than women, can occur at any mucosal site, and is associated with a poor prognosis. The primary risk factors for oral SCC include the use [...] Read more.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is typically found in middle-aged or elderly individuals, is more common in men than women, can occur at any mucosal site, and is associated with a poor prognosis. The primary risk factors for oral SCC include the use of tobacco, betel nut, or areca nut, and excessive alcohol consumption. A comprehensive management plan for oral SCC typically involves a multidisciplinary team approach with surgery being the primary treatment approach, with or without radiotherapy. Radiotherapy is an essential component in the management of oral SCC, with its application guided by both tumour- and patient-related factors. It may be employed as a definitive, adjuvant, or palliative modality, depending on tumour stage, resectability, surgical margins, histopathological characteristics, as well as the patient’s overall health, financial considerations, and personal preferences. Effective radiotherapy for oral SCC inevitably leads to various tissue toxicities, which can vary among patients. These variations are primarily influenced by patient-specific characteristics, tumour-specific factors, and aspects related to the radiotherapy itself. Some of the complications resulting from ionizing radiation (IR) include oral mucositis, facial dermatitis, salivary gland dysfunction, trismus, and osteoradionecrosis, along with their management strategies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Radiation and Its Application in Oncology and Radiation Protection)

11 pages, 431 KB

Open AccessPerspective

Dental Tourism in Moldova: Economic Catalyst, Medical Considerations, and Broader Tourism Development Potential

by Elisabetta Lazzari and Edoardo Bianco

Tour. Hosp. 2025, 6(4), 185; https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp6040185 (registering DOI) - 19 Sep 2025

Abstract

This paper examines the burgeoning dental tourism sector in the Republic of Moldova, highlighting its significant economic impact and patient-related considerations. Driven primarily by competitive pricing, the perceived quality of dental treatments, and strategic geographical advantages, Moldova has emerged as a prominent destination [...] Read more.

This paper examines the burgeoning dental tourism sector in the Republic of Moldova, highlighting its significant economic impact and patient-related considerations. Driven primarily by competitive pricing, the perceived quality of dental treatments, and strategic geographical advantages, Moldova has emerged as a prominent destination for international dental patients, particularly from Western Europe, the UK, Ireland, and increasingly from North America. While this sector provides a crucial economic impetus to one of Europe’s most economically challenged nations, contributing significantly to (Gross Domestic Product) GDP and generating crucial employment opportunities, it also presents inherent risks related to treatment quality, potential complications, and challenges with follow-up care. This study integrates market trends, academic literature, and patient experience insights to offer a comprehensive overview of Moldova’s and Eastern Europe’s unique position in the global dental tourism landscape. Employing a narrative synthesis of diverse data points from market research reports, academic literature, and economic indicators, our findings reveal dental tourism as a vital economic driver for Moldova, fueled by competitive costs and improving standards. However, the sector also necessitates careful consideration of inherent risks, including potential complications from expedited treatment schedules and challenges with follow-up care. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health Tourism: Challenges and Innovations)

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20 pages, 1372 KB

Open AccessArticle

Cooperative Estimation Method for SOC and SOH of Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Fractional-Order Model

by Guoping Lei, Tian-Ao Wu, Tao Chen, Juan Yan and Xiaojiang Zou

World Electr. Veh. J. 2025, 16(9), 533; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj16090533 (registering DOI) - 19 Sep 2025

Abstract

To overcome the limitations of traditional integer-order models, which fail to accurately capture the dynamic behavior of lithium-ion batteries, and to improve the insufficient accuracy of state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) collaborative estimation, this study proposes a cooperative estimation [...] Read more.

To overcome the limitations of traditional integer-order models, which fail to accurately capture the dynamic behavior of lithium-ion batteries, and to improve the insufficient accuracy of state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) collaborative estimation, this study proposes a cooperative estimation framework based on a fractional-order model. First, a fractional-order second-order RC equivalent circuit model is established, and the whale optimization algorithm is applied for offline parameter identification to improve model accuracy. Second, a strong tracking strategy is introduced into the improved unscented Kalman filter to address the convergence speed issue under inaccurate initial SOC conditions. Meanwhile, the extended Kalman filter is employed for SOH estimation and online parameter identification. Furthermore, a multi-time-scale collaborative estimation algorithm is proposed to enhance overall estimation accuracy. Experimental results under three dynamic operating conditions driving cycles demonstrate that the proposed method effectively solves the SOC/SOH collaborative estimation problem, achieving a mean SOC estimation error of 0.45% and maintaining the SOH estimation error within 0.25%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Storage Systems)

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21 pages, 3742 KB

Open AccessArticle

Research on Monitoring and Intelligent Identification of Typical Defects in Small and Medium-Sized Bridges Based on Ultra-Weak FBG Sensing Array

by Xinyan Lin, Yichan Zhang, Yinglong Kang, Sheng Li, Qiuming Nan, Lina Yue, Yan Yang and Min Zhou

Optics 2025, 6(3), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/opt6030043 (registering DOI) - 19 Sep 2025

Abstract

To address the challenge of efficiently identifying and providing early warnings for typical structural damages in small and medium-sized bridges during long-term service, this paper proposes an intelligent monitoring and recognition method based on ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating (UWFBG) array sensing. By deploying [...] Read more.

To address the challenge of efficiently identifying and providing early warnings for typical structural damages in small and medium-sized bridges during long-term service, this paper proposes an intelligent monitoring and recognition method based on ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating (UWFBG) array sensing. By deploying UWFBG strain-sensing cables across the bridge, the system enables continuous acquisition and spatial analysis of multi-point strain data. Based on this, a series of experimental scenarios simulating typical structural damages—such as single-slab loading, eccentric loading, and bearing detachment—are designed to systematically analyze strain evolution patterns before and after damage occurrence. While strain distribution maps allow for visual identification of some typical damages, the approach remains limited by reliance on manual interpretation, low recognition efficiency, and weak detection capability for atypical damages. To overcome these limitations, machine learning algorithms are further introduced to extract features from strain data and perform pattern recognition, enabling the construction of an automated damage identification model. This approach enhances both the accuracy and robustness of damage recognition, achieving rapid classification and intelligent diagnosis of structural conditions. The results demonstrate that the integration of the monitoring system with intelligent recognition algorithms effectively distinguishes different types of damage and shows promising potential for engineering applications. Full article

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27 pages, 3225 KB

Open AccessArticle

Assembly or Subdivision? Comparative Institutional Analysis of Culture-Led Urban Regeneration Projects from Xi’an, China

by Chen Shi and Luowen Sun

Urban Sci. 2025, 9(9), 382; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9090382 (registering DOI) - 19 Sep 2025

Abstract

Culture-led urban regeneration represents a potent strategy for revitalizing post-industrial cities but necessitates navigating complex property rights fragmentation and competing stakeholder interests. This research interrogates how different institutional arrangements mediate this process, balancing economic development with cultural preservation and social sustainability. Through a [...] Read more.

Culture-led urban regeneration represents a potent strategy for revitalizing post-industrial cities but necessitates navigating complex property rights fragmentation and competing stakeholder interests. This research interrogates how different institutional arrangements mediate this process, balancing economic development with cultural preservation and social sustainability. Through a comparative case study of two seminal projects in Xi’an, China—the Yisu Opera Society and the Old Food Market—this paper examines the divergent outcomes of two property rights reconfiguration strategies: land assembly and rights subdivision. Findings reveal a fundamental trade-off: while the land assembly model facilitates efficient, large-scale redevelopment and economic revitalization, it often precipitates gentrification and the erosion of socio-cultural fabric. Conversely, the rights subdivision approach, though incurring higher ongoing transaction costs, fosters more equitable and embedded regeneration by preserving community networks and authentic character. Grounded in Property Rights and Transaction Cost theories, this study con-structs an analytical framework to evaluate how governance structures, stakeholder dynamics, and contextual factors shape project outcomes. The research concludes that there is no universal solution; the optimal pathway depends on the specific heritage context and social embeddedness of a site. It contributes to urban scholarship by highlighting the critical role of flexible, hybrid governance models in managing urban complexity and offers practical policy insights for designing regeneration frameworks that can more equitably distribute the benefits of urban development. Full article

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13 pages, 597 KB

Open AccessArticle

by Hedvig Kiss, Vanessa Müller, Kristóf Tamás Dani and Bettina Franciska Pikó

Medicina 2025, 61(9), 1704; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61091704 (registering DOI) - 19 Sep 2025

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Hematological diseases can cause lasting physical and social impairments. Illness perception and emotional functioning, influenced by stigmatization and optimism, may shape these outcomes, yet their combined effects on health-related quality of life remain underexplored. This study investigates their direct and [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Hematological diseases can cause lasting physical and social impairments. Illness perception and emotional functioning, influenced by stigmatization and optimism, may shape these outcomes, yet their combined effects on health-related quality of life remain underexplored. This study investigates their direct and indirect links with physical and social functioning. Materials and Methods: Ninety-six hematology patients completed the EORTC QoL Scale, the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, the Stigma Scale for Chronic Illness, and the Revised Life Orientation Test. Analyses were performed using SPSS 25.0 software using descriptive statistics, correlations and path analysis. Results: The results indicated that more negative illness perception indirectly affected physical functioning through role (β = 0.38, p < 0.01) and cognitive functioning (β = 0.21, p < 0.05). Emotional functioning indirectly influenced social functioning via illness perception (β = −0.23, p < 0.05) and stigmatization (β = −0.34, p < 0.01), moderated by optimism. Additionally, illness perception directly predicted physical functioning (β = −0.21, p < 0.05), while emotional functioning directly predicted social functioning (β = −0.37, p < 0.01).; Conclusions: Illness perception and emotional functioning play a crucial role in shaping physical and social functioning among hematology patients. Optimism moderates these relationships, suggesting that supportive care efforts should target not only improving patients’ perceptions and emotional well-being but also fostering optimism to enhance overall health-related quality of life. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quality of Life Assessment in Oncology Patients)

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14 pages, 985 KB

Open AccessArticle

Targeted Heart Rate Control with Landiolol in Hemodynamically Unstable, Non-Surgical Intensive Care Unit Patients: A Comparative Study

by Lyuboslav Katov, Jessica Gierak, Yannick Teumer, Federica Diofano, Carlo Bothner, Wolfgang Rottbauer and Karolina Weinmann-Emhardt

Medicina 2025, 61(9), 1703; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61091703 (registering DOI) - 19 Sep 2025

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Atrial fibrillation (AF) in critically ill patients (CIP) is associated with worse outcomes and increased mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU). Rhythm control strategies are often unfeasible due to underlying comorbidities, making rate control the preferred initial approach. However, [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Atrial fibrillation (AF) in critically ill patients (CIP) is associated with worse outcomes and increased mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU). Rhythm control strategies are often unfeasible due to underlying comorbidities, making rate control the preferred initial approach. However, conventional beta-blockers may worsen hemodynamics through negative inotropic effects and peripheral vasodilation. Landiolol, an ultra-short-acting adrenoreceptor antagonist, may offer an alternative due to its high β₁-cardioselectivity and minimal blood pressure (BP) impact. This study evaluated the efficacy and feasibility of landiolol in hemodynamically unstable CIP with tachyarrhythmia, used as add-on therapy after failure of standard treatments. Materials and Methods: Ten CIP, admitted for non-postoperative reasons, were prospectively enrolled for landiolol treatment (L-group) in the ICU of Ulm University Heart Center between July and December 2017. The control group contained 41 patients who had received standard therapy without landiolol (NL-group). The primary composite endpoint was defined as heart rate (HR) reduction while maintaining mean arterial pressure (MAP) above 65 mmHg. Results: The most frequent reason for ICU admission was hemodynamic instability related to tachyarrhythmia in patients with cardiogenic or septic shock. At therapy initiation, all patients exhibited a compromised hemodynamic status, with a median MAP of 68.0 (IQR 60.0–80.0) mmHg and a median HR of 160.0 (IQR 144.0–176.0) bpm. After a three-hour observation period, no significant differences in BP values were observed between the groups. The primary composite endpoint was achieved at comparable rates in both groups (p = 0.525). However, patients in the L-group achieved a greater reduction in HR compared to those in the NL-group (25.3% vs. 21.9%, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Landiolol achieved more effective HR control than standard therapy without adversely affecting BP stability. These findings suggest that landiolol may be a feasible and effective option for HR control in ICU CIP. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Cardiology)

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14 pages, 1325 KB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluating the Efficacy of Robot-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy in Complex Renal Tumours: A Single-Centre Retrospective Study

by Mohammad Hifzi Mohd Hashim, Iqbal Hussain Rizuana, Zulkifli Md Zainuddin, Li Yi Lim, Hau Chun Khoo, Suzliza Shukor, Muhammad Hasif Azizi and Xeng Inn Fam

Medicina 2025, 61(9), 1702; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61091702 (registering DOI) - 19 Sep 2025

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) is a preferred minimally invasive option for renal tumours, but its use in highly complex cases (RENAL score ≥ 9) remains underexplored. Only four Asian countries, India, China, South Korea, and Japan, have published studies [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) is a preferred minimally invasive option for renal tumours, but its use in highly complex cases (RENAL score ≥ 9) remains underexplored. Only four Asian countries, India, China, South Korea, and Japan, have published studies on RAPN for complex kidney tumours, highlighting limited evidence. The aim of this study is to assess the perioperative, functional, and oncological effects of RAPN for complex renal tumours at a single tertiary centre in Malaysia. Materials and Methods: Patient demographics, tumour characteristics, perioperative parameters, and postoperative results were collected through a retrospective review that was conducted on 35 patients who had undergone RAPN between January 2023 and June 2024. The outcomes were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and comparative tests between surgical approaches (transperitoneal vs. retroperitoneal). Results: Of the 35 patients, all had high-complexity tumours. RAPN achieved a “trifecta” outcome in 88.6% of patients. Significantly lower intraoperative blood loss is associated with the retroperitoneal approach in comparison with the transperitoneal approach, whereas other perioperative parameters, which include warm ischaemia time, did not show any significant differences. No positive surgical margins were observed, and no local recurrences or port-site metastases were detected during a mean follow-up of 11.31 ± 5.78 months. Postoperative changes in renal function were negligible, with a mean creatinine change of 5.69 ± 20.39 µmol/L. Conclusions: RAPN is a safe and effective option for complex renal tumours, offering excellent functional and oncological outcomes. The choice between transperitoneal and retroperitoneal approaches should be tailored to tumour characteristics for optimal surgical outcomes. This single-centre Malaysian study contributes to the limited Southeast Asian literature on RAPN for complex renal tumours. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Urology & Nephrology)

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14 pages, 295 KB

Open AccessArticle

Preoperative Clinical Phenotyping for Individualised Rehabilitation in End-Stage Knee Osteoarthritis

by Marisa Coetzee, Amanda Marie Clifford, Diribsa Tsegaya Bedada, Oloff Bergh and Quinette Abegail Louw

J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2025, 10(3), 360; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk10030360 (registering DOI) - 19 Sep 2025

Abstract

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is a highly prevalent and heterogeneous condition. Identifying distinct clinical phenotypes within end-stage knee OA populations may inform tailored preoperative management strategies for individuals awaiting total knee replacement (TKR) surgery. Methods: This cross-sectional study employed exploratory factor [...] Read more.

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is a highly prevalent and heterogeneous condition. Identifying distinct clinical phenotypes within end-stage knee OA populations may inform tailored preoperative management strategies for individuals awaiting total knee replacement (TKR) surgery. Methods: This cross-sectional study employed exploratory factor analysis to identify clinical presentation patterns among patients with knee OA awaiting TKR in South Africa, using modifiable variables including demographic data, physical examination findings, patient-reported outcomes, and functional measures. Results: Three distinct clinical phenotypes emerged: (1) gait and weight—characterised by poor gait mechanics, obesity, and low self-efficacy; (2) central pain—encompassing central sensitisation, depression, and reduced functional performance; and (3) functional factors—reflecting muscular weakness and functional limitations. Conclusions: This study highlights the heterogeneity in clinical presentations among patients with end-stage knee OA awaiting TKR in South Africa. The identified phenotypes suggest a need for tailored, multidisciplinary preoperative interventions incorporating weight management, pain management, psychological support, targeted exercise programs, and behavioural change strategies to optimise post-surgical outcomes and enhance overall care. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Posture, Balance, and Gait: Assessment Techniques and Rehabilitation Strategies)

17 pages, 1267 KB

Open AccessArticle

Characterization of Quesillo Caquetá with Protected Designation of Origin (PDO): Mineral Composition and Carbohydrate, Fatty Acid, and Peptide Profiles

by Andrés Grajales-Zuleta, Sandra Estrada, Andrea Hermosa, Isidra Recio, Beatriz Miralles and Mar Villamiel

Dairy 2025, 6(5), 52; https://doi.org/10.3390/dairy6050052 (registering DOI) - 19 Sep 2025

Abstract

Cheese products worldwide have gained protected designation of origin status in many instances, yet this food group also has the highest reported fraud rates. Quesillo Caquetá is the first Colombian cheese to acquire a protected designation of origin, but still there is a [...] Read more.

Cheese products worldwide have gained protected designation of origin status in many instances, yet this food group also has the highest reported fraud rates. Quesillo Caquetá is the first Colombian cheese to acquire a protected designation of origin, but still there is a lack of information regarding its composition. In this study, a compositional analysis was performed to establish a set of characteristic parameters to aid the identification of the authenticity of Quesillo Caquetá. Physicochemical analysis, mineral composition determination, carbohydrate, fatty acid, and peptide profiles were conducted on 29 samples of Quesillo Caquetá made with milk from the northern, southern, and central regions of the province of Caquetá. The results revealed 7 minerals, 3 carbohydrates, 19 fatty acids, and 45 peptides (21 peptides from bovine αs1-casein and 24 peptides from bovine β-casein). This suggests that Quesillo Caquetá is a significant source of sodium, calcium, phosphorus, and monounsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid, omega-3, and omega-6, as well as some peptides that match sequences with antihypertensive, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity reported in the literature. The specificity of the fatty acid and peptide profiles can become a valuable tool for identifying the authenticity of Quesillo Caquetá against possible imitations in the market. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Metabolomics and Foodomics)

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11 pages, 1043 KB

Open AccessArticle

Seroprevalence and Risk Factor for Canine Tick-Borne Disease in Urban–Rural Area in Ayacucho, Peru

by Jime Rivera Villar, Ivonne Aquino Escalante, Saúl Chuchón Martínez, Rilder Gastelú Quispe, Ruth Huamán de la Cruz, Aide Sandoval Juarez, Giovanna Mendoza Mujica and Nyshon Rojas Palomino

Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2025, 10(9), 271; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10090271 (registering DOI) - 19 Sep 2025

Abstract

Ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis are endemic to tropical and subtropical regions and pose significant zoonotic threats to both human and animal health. This study aimed to detect anti-Ehrlichia canis, anti-Borrelia burgdorferi, and anti-Anaplasma antibodies in dogs from the rural–urban [...] Read more.

Ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis are endemic to tropical and subtropical regions and pose significant zoonotic threats to both human and animal health. This study aimed to detect anti-Ehrlichia canis, anti-Borrelia burgdorferi, and anti-Anaplasma antibodies in dogs from the rural–urban area of Huamanga, Ayacucho. The cross-sectional survey was conducted at the Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas of the Universidad Nacional de San Cristóbal de Huamanga between May and August 2023. Samples were collected via venipuncture, and antibody detection was performed using the immunochromatographic assay Anigen Rapid CaniV-4 kit. Frequencies, percentages, and statistical analyses were conducted using the SPSS^® software package. A total of 107 samples from dogs in the Covadonga Human Settlement were analyzed, comprising 64 (59.8%) males and 43 (40.2%) females. The majority (78.5%) were from mixed-breed dogs, while other dogs breed included Schnauzers, Pekingese, and Pitbulls. Thirty positive samples were identified, with antibodies against Ehrlichia canis (15.9%), Anaplasma phagocytophilum/Anaplasma platys (3.7%), mixed infections of Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum/Anaplasma platys (6.5%), and Ehrlichia canis/Borrelia burgdorferi (1.9%) detected, as well as an association between vector exposure and the presence of Ehrlichia canis antibodies. These findings underscore the urgent need for the implementation of integrated control strategies and enhanced surveillance programs targeting tick-borne diseases in high-risk areas, along with targeted educational campaigns to promote responsible pet ownership and preventive measures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Vector-Borne Diseases and Public Health Challenges)

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14 pages, 4057 KB

Open AccessArticle

Sustainable Valorization of Kenaf Fiber Waste in Polymer Composites for Drone Arm Structure: A Finite Element Analysis Approach

by Navaneetha Krishna Chandran, Mohamed Thariq Hameed Sultan, Farah Syazwani Shahar and Andrzej Łukaszewicz

J. Compos. Sci. 2025, 9(9), 505; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs9090505 (registering DOI) - 19 Sep 2025

Abstract

This study investigates the feasibility of kenaf fiber, which is a natural fiber, used as a polymer composite for use in quadcopter arm structures through finite element analysis. The research emphasizes the mechanical performance of various fiber orientations and cross-sectional configurations of the [...] Read more.

This study investigates the feasibility of kenaf fiber, which is a natural fiber, used as a polymer composite for use in quadcopter arm structures through finite element analysis. The research emphasizes the mechanical performance of various fiber orientations and cross-sectional configurations of the quadcopter arm, focusing on optimizing stress resistance, displacement, and strain characteristics. By relating the relationship between deflection and area moment of inertia of the quadcopter arm, a comparative analysis was conducted for circular hollow tubes, hollow rectangular tubes, and solid rectangular tubes, with the circular hollow tube configuration demonstrating the highest stiffness and minimal deflection. The result from the theoretical calculation and the simulation result of deflection are compared. The study also evaluates the influence of kenaf fiber orientations on the mechanical properties of the composite. Among the seven tested orientations, the sequence 0°, 30°, 45°, 30°, 0° yielded the highest maximum stress (0.3427 MPa), indicating optimal load distribution. Conversely, the 0°, 45°, 0°, 45°, 0° orientation provided the least displacement, making it ideal for high rigidity applications. These findings confirm the potential of kenaf fiber-reinforced polymer as an eco-friendly, lightweight alternative to synthetic fibers for UAV applications, offering a balance of strength, flexibility, and structural stability, and promoting sustainable value in the field of aerospace, as it proves the utilization of waste product into a high-value product. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Polymer Composites: Waste Reutilization and Valorization)

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