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17 pages, 883 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of Organic Waste and Hydrogel on the Yield and P, Ca, and Mg Content of Selected Grass Species with the C4 Photosynthesis Pathway in the First Three Years of Cultivation

by Elżbieta Malinowska and Urszula Ostaszewska

Agronomy 2026, 16(2), 255; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16020255 (registering DOI) - 21 Jan 2026

Abstract

The aim of the experiment was to assess the effects of municipal sewage sludge, mushroom substrate, and hydrogel on the quality of energy grass species and their biomass yield. The experiment was conducted in the climatic conditions of central-eastern Poland between 2020 and [...] Read more.

The aim of the experiment was to assess the effects of municipal sewage sludge, mushroom substrate, and hydrogel on the quality of energy grass species and their biomass yield. The experiment was conducted in the climatic conditions of central-eastern Poland between 2020 and 2022. Two perennial grass species were used: Miscanthus giganteus (giant miscanthus) M 19 and Panicum virgatum L. (rod millet) var. Northwind. Sewage sludge and mushroom substrate doses, each corresponding to 170 kg N·ha⁻¹, were applied in the spring of the first year. The experiment was established on microplots with four replications. Each year, biomass was harvested in January, and the yield of fresh and dry matter was determined. Then plant material was adequately prepared, and the total content of P, Ca, and Mg was measured with the ICP-OES method. The application of hydrogel resulted in a significant increase in the yield of each grass species: giant miscanthus by 11.87% and rod millet by 8.28%. Organic waste applied in combination with hydrogel increased the yield of energy plants and improved their chemical composition. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bio-Based Fertilizers and Soil Health: Innovations for Nutrient Recycling and Environmental Protection)

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23 pages, 3923 KB

Open AccessArticle

Soil Carbon Content in Areas with Different Land Uses and Vegetation Cover in the Cerrado–Amazon Transition, Mato Grosso, Brazil

by Marco Aurélio Barbosa Alves, Daniela Roberta Borella, Frederico Terra de Almeida, Adilson Pacheco de Souza and Daniel Fonseca de Carvalho

Soil Syst. 2026, 10(1), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems10010019 (registering DOI) - 21 Jan 2026

Abstract

The conversion of native forests into agricultural areas without conservation practices can expose tons of soil organic carbon (SOC) to the atmosphere. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of land use and cover (LULC) on C in regions of the Caiabi (SBC) [...] Read more.

The conversion of native forests into agricultural areas without conservation practices can expose tons of soil organic carbon (SOC) to the atmosphere. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of land use and cover (LULC) on C in regions of the Caiabi (SBC) and Renato (SBR) River sub-basins, located in the Brazilian Cerrado–Amazon transition. Data on physical attributes and SOC were obtained by region (upper, middle, and lower), LULC (cropland, pasture, and native forest), and depth (0–10, 10–20, and 20–40 cm), with five replicates for each variable. The highest SOC values were found in areas with higher clay contents or in areas of native forest or crop residues. In the SBC, there was a negative correlation of SOC with sand and particle density (PD) and a positive correlation with silt. In the SBR, there was a positive correlation between SOC and microporosity and total porosity, and a negative correlation with sand, soil bulk density, and PD. The highest SOC values were found in the SBC upper region, in native forest (107 Mg ha⁻¹), cropland (69 Mg ha⁻¹), and pasture (49 Mg ha⁻¹). In the SBR upper region, the values were highest in pasture and cropland (93 and 58 Mg ha⁻¹), and in the lower region, the values were highest in native forest (48 Mg ha⁻¹). SOC varied in relation to the SBC and SBR regions, the LULC, depth, and physical attributes, especially soil texture. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Use and Management on Soil Properties and Processes: 2nd Edition)

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14 pages, 1825 KB

Open AccessArticle

Facile and Environmentally Friendly Synthesis of Ga₂O₃/CeO₂ Catalysts for CO Oxidation

by Yufei Sha, Yi Zhang and Kangjian Tang

Physchem 2026, 6(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/physchem6010006 (registering DOI) - 21 Jan 2026

Abstract

Low-temperature CO oxidation is crucial for applications like gas purification and exhaust treatment, with ceria-based catalysts being highly promising. However, conventional synthesis methods often require energy-intensive calcination, releasing harmful gaseous contaminants. To address this, we demonstrate a facile and environmentally friendly method for [...] Read more.

Low-temperature CO oxidation is crucial for applications like gas purification and exhaust treatment, with ceria-based catalysts being highly promising. However, conventional synthesis methods often require energy-intensive calcination, releasing harmful gaseous contaminants. To address this, we demonstrate a facile and environmentally friendly method for preparing Ga₂O₃/CeO₂ catalysts by substituting gallium salt solution with liquid gallium, followed by room-temperature ball milling (BM). The resulting 1.5% Ga₂O₃-CeO₂ catalyst, milled at 300 rpm for 60 min, exhibited catalytic activity starting at 100 °C and achieved complete CO conversion at 300 °C. This work presents an economical and sustainable strategy that utilizes liquid metals to prepare high-performance ceria-based catalysts, offering a green alternative to traditional synthesis routes that rely on metal salts and high-temperature treatments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Catalysis)

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23 pages, 1574 KB

Open AccessReview

The Arrhythmogenic Spectrum of Mitral Valve Disease: Pathophysiology, Risk Stratification, and Surgical Management

by Mariagrazia Piscione, Barbara Pala, Francesco Cribari, Walter Vignaroli, Jad Mroue, Vivek Mehta, Fadi Matar and Marco Alfonso Perrone

J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(2), 865; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15020865 (registering DOI) - 21 Jan 2026

Abstract

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is generally associated with excellent long-term outcomes when MR is absent or mild. Nonetheless, a small proportion of patients exhibit a distinct arrhythmogenic susceptibility, characterized by complex ventricular ectopy, sustained ventricular arrhythmias (VAs), and in rare instances, sudden cardiac [...] Read more.

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is generally associated with excellent long-term outcomes when MR is absent or mild. Nonetheless, a small proportion of patients exhibit a distinct arrhythmogenic susceptibility, characterized by complex ventricular ectopy, sustained ventricular arrhythmias (VAs), and in rare instances, sudden cardiac death (SCD). This subgroup—collectively referred to as arrhythmic MVP (AMVP)—has prompted renewed attention in identifying individuals at elevated risk. Among the structural alterations associated with MVP, mitral annular disjunction (MAD) has gained recognition as a major contributor to arrhythmic vulnerability, arising from the pathological separation of the posterior annulus from the adjacent ventricular muscle. Advances in multimodality imaging, including trans-thoracic echocardiography (TTE), cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), and cardiac computed tomography (cCT), have significantly improved delineation of MAD and clarified its relationship to the broader MVP spectrum. Current evidence suggests that MVP, MAD, and AMVP should not be regarded as isolated conditions but as intersecting phenotypes within a shared pathological framework. In certain patients, especially those without established myocardial fibrosis, abnormal annular dynamics appear to constitute the primary arrhythmogenic driver and may diminish after surgical intervention. In others, persistent arrhythmias despite optimal repair reflect a fibrosis-based substrate. This review synthesizes contemporary insights into the anatomical, biomechanical, and electrophysiological interplay linking MVP, MAD, and ventricular arrhythmogenesis, emphasizing implications for imaging-based risk assessment and individualized surgical management strategies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mitral Valve Surgery: Current Status and Future Challenges)

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17 pages, 625 KB

Open AccessArticle

Land Prices and Determinants of Socio-Economic Development in Pleiku, Central Highlands, Vietnam

by Tran Trong Phuong, Tran Duc Vien, Nguyen Duc Loc, Phan Van Khue, Nguyen Dinh Trung and Wolfgang Scholz

Land 2026, 15(1), 190; https://doi.org/10.3390/land15010190 (registering DOI) - 21 Jan 2026

Abstract

The rapid urbanization of Pleiku City, Vietnam, has led to a sharp increase in the demand for and prices of residential land, creating challenges for urban management and land valuation. This study aims to identify and quantify the key factors influencing residential land [...] Read more.

The rapid urbanization of Pleiku City, Vietnam, has led to a sharp increase in the demand for and prices of residential land, creating challenges for urban management and land valuation. This study aims to identify and quantify the key factors influencing residential land prices in Pleiku to provide a scientific basis for land use planning and smart urban development. Data were collected through surveys of 30 state officials involved in land valuation and 250 households living along major streets in Pleiku. Cronbach’s alpha was used to test the reliability of the collected data, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to identify influencing factor groups. The results show that residential land prices are strongly influenced by multiple factors, with location and infrastructure playing the most decisive roles. Market land prices were found to be approximately 1.5–2 times higher than state-regulated prices. Among the identified factor groups, location and infrastructure had the strongest influence, followed by economic, social, legal, and specific land use factors. Price differences between land plots mainly reflect variations in location, street characteristics, accessibility, and commercial potential. The study concludes that location and infrastructure development are the dominant drivers of residential land prices in Pleiku. These findings have important implications for land valuation, urban planning, and the implementation of smart urban construction policies in rapidly developing cities in Vietnam. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress in Land Cadastre)

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18 pages, 797 KB

Open AccessArticle

Facilitators and Barriers of Using an Artificial Intelligence Agent in Chronic Disease Management: A Normalization Process Theory-Guided Qualitative Study of Older Patients with COPD

by Shiya Cui, Shilei Wang, Jingyi Deng, Ruiyang Jia and Yuyu Jiang

Healthcare 2026, 14(2), 268; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14020268 (registering DOI) - 21 Jan 2026

Abstract

Objectives: This study aims to explore the facilitators and barriers in the process of using AI agents for disease management in older COPD patients. Methods: Based on the normalization process theory, a descriptive qualitative study was used to conduct semi-structured interviews with 28 [...] Read more.

Objectives: This study aims to explore the facilitators and barriers in the process of using AI agents for disease management in older COPD patients. Methods: Based on the normalization process theory, a descriptive qualitative study was used to conduct semi-structured interviews with 28 older patients with COPD recruited from June to August 2025 in a Class A tertiary hospital in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province. Results: A total of 28 interviews were conducted. Four themes (Coherence, Cognitive Participation, Collective Action, Reflexive Monitoring), nine subthemes (recognition of intelligent technology;supported by policy discourse and the background of national-level projects; the creation of a family atmosphere; recommendations from HCPs; relief and social connection; new “doctor”–patient relationship and communication; eliminate the burden and return to life; benefit and value perception; right self-decision by AI) in facilitators and nine subthemes (privacy conflicts and trust deficiency; blurred boundaries of human–machine responsibility and authority; non-high-quality services are chosen reluctantly; technical anxiety; lack of motivation for continued engagement; extra burden; limitations of the physical environment; human–machine dialogue frustration; a sense of uncertainty about the future of AI) in barriers were extracted. Conclusions: This study identified key factors influencing the use of AI agents in chronic disease management in older patients with COPD. The results provide directions for improving the implementation and sustainable use of AI health technologies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: Opportunities and Challenges)

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15 pages, 7578 KB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Titanium Content and Mechanical Alloying Time on the Formation of Nanocrystalline Solid Solutions in the Ni–Al–Ti System

by Yerkezhan Tabiyeva, Dias Yerbolat, Sayat Zakerov, Yerkhat Dauletkhanov, Azamat Urkunbay, Elfira Sagymbekova and Nurgamit Kantay

Crystals 2026, 16(1), 71; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst16010071 (registering DOI) - 21 Jan 2026

Abstract

This work investigates the effect of titanium content and the duration of mechanical alloying on the structural and phase state of powder mixtures in the Ni–Al–Ti system. The initial mixtures of Ni₆₈Al₂₅Ti₇, Ni₇₂Al₂₂Ti [...] Read more.

This work investigates the effect of titanium content and the duration of mechanical alloying on the structural and phase state of powder mixtures in the Ni–Al–Ti system. The initial mixtures of Ni₆₈Al₂₅Ti₇, Ni₇₂Al₂₂Ti₆, Ni₇₀Al₂₁Ti₉, and Ni₇₅Al₂₅ were subjected to high-energy milling in a planetary ball mill for 1–6 h. It was found that the addition of titanium accelerates the dissolution of components and promotes the formation of a supersaturated fcc Ni(Al,Ti) solid solution. The most pronounced effects were observed for the Ni₇₀Al₂₁Ti₉ composition, where after 6 h of alloying, the minimum crystallite size (11.3 nm) and maximum lattice strain (1.52%) were achieved. It is shown that titanium reduces the tendency for cold welding and promotes more uniform particle refinement. The optimal conditions for synthesizing a nanocrystalline solid solution with a homogeneous structure are a titanium content of 9 at.% and a mechanical alloying duration of 6 h. The resulting powders are promising for subsequent sintering and application in structural and heat-resistant intermetallic alloys and coatings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Crystalline Metals and Alloys)

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17 pages, 2161 KB

Open AccessArticle

by Fotios I. Michos, Christina Papaspiropoulou, Nikos Aravantinos-Zafiris and Michail M. Sigalas

Crystals 2026, 16(1), 70; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst16010070 (registering DOI) - 21 Jan 2026

Abstract

A systematic density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) investigation of aluminum phosphide (Al_xP_x) nanoparticles with diverse dimensionalities and geometries is presented. Starting from a cubic-like Al₄P₄ building block, a series of one-dimensional (1D) elongated, [...] Read more.

A systematic density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) investigation of aluminum phosphide (Al_xP_x) nanoparticles with diverse dimensionalities and geometries is presented. Starting from a cubic-like Al₄P₄ building block, a series of one-dimensional (1D) elongated, two-dimensional (2D) exotic, and extended sheet-like nanostructures was constructed, enabling a unified structure–property analysis across size and topology. Optical absorption and infrared (IR) vibrational spectra were computed and correlated with geometric motifs, revealing pronounced shape-dependent tunability. Compact and highly interconnected 2D architectures exhibit red-shifted absorption and enhanced vibrational polarizability, whereas elongated or low-connectivity motifs lead to blue-shifted optical responses and stiffer vibrational frameworks. Benchmark comparisons indicate that CAM-B3LYP excitation energies closely reproduce reference EOM-CCSD trends for the lowest singlet states. Binding energy and HOMO-UMO gap analyses confirm increasing thermodynamic stability with size and dimensionality, alongside topology-driven electronic modulation. These findings establish AlP nanostructures as highly tunable platforms for optoelectronic and vibrationally active applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Inorganic Crystalline Materials)

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14 pages, 2297 KB

Open AccessArticle

Transcriptomics Analysis of Testis Development in Thamnaconus septentrionalis Responding to a Rise in Temperature

by Yan Liu, Xueli Zhang, Wengang Xu, Jiulong Wang, Li Bian, Yanqing Wu, Meng Li and Liming Liu

Animals 2026, 16(2), 327; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani16020327 (registering DOI) - 21 Jan 2026

Abstract

Thamnaconus septentrionalis is an emerging commercially important aquaculture species in China, distributed extensively in the Indo-West Pacific Ocean. Recently, because of the seriously declining population and considerable economic potential of this aquaculture fish, increasing attention has been paid to the conservation and development [...] Read more.

Thamnaconus septentrionalis is an emerging commercially important aquaculture species in China, distributed extensively in the Indo-West Pacific Ocean. Recently, because of the seriously declining population and considerable economic potential of this aquaculture fish, increasing attention has been paid to the conservation and development of T. septentrionalis. Artificial fish breeding is essential and has become progressively implemented on local farms in China, which benefits the protection of T. septentrionalis resources and facilitates the development of its fishery industry. Previous studies have demonstrated that temperature could significantly influence ovary development in T. septentrionalis. However, the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the influence of temperature on testis development in T. septentrionalis have been scarcely studied. Thus, this study comprehensively explores the effects of temperature on testis development in T. septentrionalis using histological observation and transcriptomic techniques. Histological and transmission electron microscopy analyses indicated that T. septentrionalis testes, undergoing a rise in temperature, developed from phase III to IV. Transcriptomic analysis identified 315 differentially expressed genes, including 200 upregulated and 115 downregulated genes. Moreover, rising temperatures may enhance testis development by regulating steroid hormone biosynthesis, cellular senescence, and nucleotide metabolism. The upregulation of four genes (hsd11b2, cyp11b, cyp11a, and hsd17b3) involved in the steroid hormone biosynthesis process may significantly contribute to the increased level of testosterone and 11-keto-testosterone. This study is the first to elucidate the potential molecular mechanism involved in T. septentrionalis testis development induced by temperature, offering valuable and novel insights for its artificial breeding and fishery resources conservation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Aquatic Animals)

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24 pages, 4875 KB

Open AccessArticle

Design of a High-Fidelity Motion Data Generator for Unmanned Underwater Vehicles

by Li Lin, Hongwei Bian, Rongying Wang, Wenxuan Yang and Hui Li

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2026, 14(2), 219; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse14020219 (registering DOI) - 21 Jan 2026

Abstract

To address the urgent need for high-fidelity motion data for validating navigation algorithms for Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs), this paper proposes a data generation method based on a parametric motion model. First, based on the principles of rigid body dynamics and fluid mechanics, [...] Read more.

To address the urgent need for high-fidelity motion data for validating navigation algorithms for Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs), this paper proposes a data generation method based on a parametric motion model. First, based on the principles of rigid body dynamics and fluid mechanics, a decoupled six-degrees-of-freedom (6-DOF) Linear and Angular Acceleration Vector (LAAV) model is constructed, establishing a dynamic mapping relationship between the rudder angle and speed setting commands and motion acceleration. Second, a segmentation–identification framework is proposed for three-dimensional trajectory segmentation, integrating Gaussian Process Regression and Ordering Points To Identify the Clustering Structure (GPR-OPTICS), along with a Dynamic Immune Genetic Algorithm (DIGA). This framework utilizes real vessel data to achieve motion segment clustering and parameter identification, completing the construction of the LAAV model. On this basis, by introducing sensor error models, highly credible Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) data are generated, and a complete attitude, velocity, and position (AVP) motion sequence is obtained through an inertial navigation solution. Experiments demonstrate that the AVP data generated by our method achieve over 88% reliability compared with the real vessel dataset. Furthermore, the proposed method outperforms the PSINS toolbox in both the reliability and accuracy of all motion parameters. These results validate the effectiveness and superiority of our proposed method, which provides a high-fidelity data benchmark for research on underwater navigation algorithms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)

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15 pages, 4237 KB

Open AccessArticle

Stage-Wise Simulation for Operational Stability Evaluation of Seasonal Heat Storage in Abandoned Coal Mines

by Wenying Tang, Jiawei Tang, Qiang Guo, Haiqin Zhang, Changhao Feng, Xiaolin He, Zixu Hu and Xi Wu

Energies 2026, 19(2), 537; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19020537 (registering DOI) - 21 Jan 2026

Abstract

The development of coal resources has created a large number of underground mined-out spaces, which can be utilized for cross-seasonal thermal storage through underground reservoirs to achieve seasonal heat storage. However, there is currently limited research on the cross-seasonal thermal storage capabilities and [...] Read more.

The development of coal resources has created a large number of underground mined-out spaces, which can be utilized for cross-seasonal thermal storage through underground reservoirs to achieve seasonal heat storage. However, there is currently limited research on the cross-seasonal thermal storage capabilities and thermal storage performance evaluation of coal mine underground reservoirs. This study aims to evaluate the operational stability and long-term performance of a Coal Mine Underground Reservoir Energy Storage System (CMUR-ESS) under realistic geological conditions of the Shendong Coalfield. A multi-physics coupling model, integrating thermal-fluid processes, was developed based on the actual structure of the No. 5-2 coal seam goaf in the Dalinta Mine. Numerical simulations were conducted over five annual cycles, each comprising injection, storage, production, and transition stages. Results demonstrate that the system achieves progressive thermal accumulation, with the volume fraction of water above 70 °C increasing from 75.0% in the first cycle to 88.9% by the fifth cycle at the end of the storage stage. Production temperatures also improved, with peak and final temperatures rising by 6.2% and 6.8%, respectively, after five cycles. The analysis confirms enhanced heat retention and reduced thermal loss over time, indicating robust long-term stability and sustainability of the CMUR-ESS for seasonal energy storage applications. The results of this study can provide a reference for the design and evaluation of CMUR-ESS. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Low-Energy Processes for Geo-Energy Development: 2nd Edition)

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12 pages, 5353 KB

Open AccessReview

State-of-the-Art Overview of Smooth-Edged Material Distribution for Optimizing Topology (SEMDOT) Algorithm

by Minyan Liu, Wanghua Hu, Xuhui Gong, Hao Zhou and Baolin Zhao

Computation 2026, 14(1), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/computation14010027 (registering DOI) - 21 Jan 2026

Abstract

Topology optimization is a powerful and efficient design tool, but the structures obtained by element-based topology optimization methods are often limited by fuzzy or jagged boundaries. The smooth-edged material distribution for optimizing topology algorithm (SEMDOT) can effectively deal with this problem and promote [...] Read more.

Topology optimization is a powerful and efficient design tool, but the structures obtained by element-based topology optimization methods are often limited by fuzzy or jagged boundaries. The smooth-edged material distribution for optimizing topology algorithm (SEMDOT) can effectively deal with this problem and promote the practical application of topology optimization structures. This review outlines the theoretical evolution of SEMDOT, including both penalty-based and non-penalty-based formulations, while also providing access to open access codes. SEMDOT’s applications cover diverse areas, including self-supporting structures, energy-efficient manufacturing, bone tissue scaffolds, heat transfer systems, and building parts, demonstrating the versatility of SEMDOT. While SEMDOT addresses boundary issues in topology optimization structures, further theoretical refinement is needed to develop it into a comprehensive platform. This work consolidates the advances in SEMDOT, highlights its interdisciplinary impact, and identifies future research and implementation directions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Topology Optimization: Methods and Applications)

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11 pages, 259 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Role of Socio-Structural Factors in Influencing Feeding Intentions and Practices Among Mothers with Infants in Mthatha, South Africa

by Luviwe Lutotswana, Guillermo Alfredo Pulido-Estrada, Eric Maimela and Sibusiso Cyprian Nomatshila

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2026, 23(1), 133; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph23010133 (registering DOI) - 21 Jan 2026

Abstract

Breastfeeding is universally regarded as the cornerstone of infant feeding, as it is the ideal infant feeding choice for optimal nutrition and development. Socio-structural factors of breastfeeding in child health play an important role in guiding women’s decisions on options to feed their [...] Read more.

Breastfeeding is universally regarded as the cornerstone of infant feeding, as it is the ideal infant feeding choice for optimal nutrition and development. Socio-structural factors of breastfeeding in child health play an important role in guiding women’s decisions on options to feed their babies. A cross-sectional study was conducted among mothers with infants aged 0–6 months in Mthatha, Eastern Cape, with the aim of assessing the role of socio-structural factors in shaping feeding intentions and practices among mothers with infants. Written Informed consent was obtained in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki from the participants prior to data collection. Data was gathered with a validated designed questionnaire as well as analyzed using Social Sciences (SPSS) version 29. A total of 181 mothers were enrolled. Only 45.9% reported that they exclusively breastfed their babies, of which the highest proportion of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) was observed among the 21–29 age group at 51.8%, and the lowest among those aged 20 years and below (3.6%). Marital status (p = 0.005) and employment status (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with exclusive breastfeeding, with higher EBF rates observed among married mothers and those who were self-employed. Both the EBF mothers and non-EBF mothers shared a common belief that colostrum was not beneficial for infants (p = 0.854), whereas their views differed significantly on the amount of water given to infants before they reached six months (p = 0.001). There was no significant relationship between EBF status and having a family member who had breastfed in the past six months (p = 0.815); also, a weak association was noted for having a friend who had breastfed recently (p = 0.057). The difference in EBF practice between those receiving antenatal care (ANC) breastfeeding education and those not receiving it was not statistically significant (p = 0.591). A statistically significant association was found between the support level and exclusive breastfeeding status (p < 0.001). This study highlights that the successful practice of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is strongly associated with high levels of social support. Interventions are needed to engage active partners, family members, and community members in creating a supportive environment for breastfeeding mothers. Full article

24 pages, 2819 KB

Open AccessArticle

Long-Term Organic Fertilization Enhances Soil Fertility and Reshapes Microbial Community Structure with Decreasing Effects Across Soil Depth

by Suyao Li, Yulin Li, Xu Yan, Zhengyang Gu, Dong Xue, Kaihua Wang, Yuting Yang, Min Lv, Yujie Han, Jinbiao Li, Yanyan Lv and Anyong Hu

Microorganisms 2026, 14(1), 250; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms14010250 (registering DOI) - 21 Jan 2026

Abstract

Sustaining agricultural productivity and soil health under intensive cultivation requires a comprehensive understanding of fertilization effects, particularly on deeper soil layers, which has received limited attention compared to surface soils. This study investigated how different fertilization regimes (inorganic, organic, and combined organic–inorganic fertilizers) [...] Read more.

Sustaining agricultural productivity and soil health under intensive cultivation requires a comprehensive understanding of fertilization effects, particularly on deeper soil layers, which has received limited attention compared to surface soils. This study investigated how different fertilization regimes (inorganic, organic, and combined organic–inorganic fertilizers) influence soil physicochemical properties, microbial diversity, community structure, and functional gene abundances at three soil depths (0–20 cm, 20–40 cm, and 40–60 cm) in a 40-year fertilization experiment. Organic fertilization significantly improved topsoil fertility indicators such as soil organic matter (56.6–109.2%), total nitrogen (66.7–122.0%), total phosphorus (198.6–413.2%), and available phosphorus (984.8–1622.1%) and potassium (35.3–438.1%). Compared with the unfertilized control and nitrogen-only treatment, rice yield increased by 97.1–130.5% under NPK and sole organic fertilization, and further increased by 184.1–255.9% under combined organic–inorganic fertilization. However, fertilization effects diminished with soil depth due to limited nutrient mobility. Microbial diversity significantly decreased with depth and was minimally influenced by fertilization treatments. Microbial community structure varied notably among fertilization treatments at the surface layer, mainly driven by soil nutrients, whereas soil depth had a dominant effect on microbial community structure and compositions. Co-occurrence networks showed the highest complexity in surface soil microbial communities, which declined with soil depth, reflecting potential synergistic and mutualistic relationships in topsoil and the adaptation of microbial communities to nutrient-limited conditions in subsoil. Microbial functional gene analyses highlighted clear depth-dependent distributions, with surface layers enriched in decomposition-related genes, while deeper layers favored anaerobic processes. Overall, long-term fertilization exerted strong depth-dependent effects on soil fertility, microbial community structure, and functional potential in paddy soils. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Soil Health and Plant Microbiome–Bioeffectors Relationship in Sustainable Agriculture, 2nd Edition)

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17 pages, 2144 KB

Open AccessArticle

Dual-Channel Extrusion-Based 3D Printing of a Gradient Hydroxyapatite Hydrogel Scaffold with Spatial Curved Architecture

by Yahao Wang, Yongteng Song, Qingxi Hu and Haiguang Zhang

Gels 2026, 12(1), 93; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels12010093 (registering DOI) - 21 Jan 2026

Abstract

A biomimetic cartilage scaffold featuring a continuous hydroxyapatite (HA) concentration gradient and a spatially curved architecture was developed using a dual-channel mixing extrusion-based 3D printing approach. By dynamically regulating the feeding rates of two bioinks during printing, a continuous HA gradient decreasing from [...] Read more.

A biomimetic cartilage scaffold featuring a continuous hydroxyapatite (HA) concentration gradient and a spatially curved architecture was developed using a dual-channel mixing extrusion-based 3D printing approach. By dynamically regulating the feeding rates of two bioinks during printing, a continuous HA gradient decreasing from the bottom to the top of the scaffold was precisely achieved, mimicking the compositional transition from the calcified to the non-calcified cartilage region in native articular cartilage. The integration of gradient material deposition with synchronized multi-axis motion enabled accurate fabrication of curved geometries with high structural fidelity. The printed scaffolds exhibited stable swelling and degradation behavior and showed improved compressive performance compared with step-gradient counterparts. Rheological analysis confirmed that the bioinks possessed suitable shear-thinning and recovery properties, ensuring printability and shape stability during extrusion. In vitro evaluations demonstrated good cytocompatibility, supporting bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) adhesion and proliferation. Chondrogenic assessment based on scaffold extracts indicated that the incorporation of HA and its gradient distribution did not inhibit cartilage-related extracellular matrix synthesis, confirming the biosafety of the composite hydrogel system. Overall, this study presents a controllable and versatile fabrication strategy for constructing curved, compositionally graded cartilage scaffolds, providing a promising platform for the development of biomimetic cartilage tissue engineering constructs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Gel Chemistry and Physics)

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24 pages, 2006 KB

Open AccessArticle

HiRo-SLAM: A High-Accuracy and Robust Visual-Inertial SLAM System with Precise Camera Projection Modeling and Adaptive Feature Selection

by Yujuan Deng, Liang Tian, Xiaohui Hou, Xin Liu, Yonggang Wang, Xingchao Liu and Chunyuan Liao

Sensors 2026, 26(2), 711; https://doi.org/10.3390/s26020711 (registering DOI) - 21 Jan 2026

Abstract

HiRo-SLAM is a visual-inertial SLAM system developed to achieve high accuracy and enhanced robustness. To address critical limitations of conventional methods, including systematic biases from imperfect camera models, uneven spatial feature distribution, and the impact of outliers, we propose a unified optimization framework [...] Read more.

HiRo-SLAM is a visual-inertial SLAM system developed to achieve high accuracy and enhanced robustness. To address critical limitations of conventional methods, including systematic biases from imperfect camera models, uneven spatial feature distribution, and the impact of outliers, we propose a unified optimization framework that integrates four key innovations. First, Precise Camera Projection Modeling (PCPM) embeds a fully differentiable camera model in nonlinear optimization, ensuring accurate handling of camera intrinsics and distortion to prevent error accumulation. Second, Visibility Pyramid-based Adaptive Non-Maximum Suppression (P-ANMS) quantifies feature point contribution through a multi-scale pyramid, providing uniform visual constraints in weakly textured or repetitive regions. Third, Robust Optimization Using Graduated Non-Convexity (GNC) suppresses outliers through dynamic weighting, preventing convergence to local minima. Finally, the Point-Line Feature Fusion Frontend combines XFeat point features with SOLD2 line features, leveraging multiple geometric primitives to improve perception in challenging environments, such as those with weak textures or repetitive structures. Comprehensive evaluations on the EuRoC MAV, TUM-VI, and OIVIO benchmarks show that HiRo-SLAM outperforms state-of-the-art visual-inertial SLAM methods. On the EuRoC MAV dataset, HiRo-SLAM achieves a 30.0% reduction in absolute trajectory error compared to strong baselines and attains millimeter-level accuracy on specific sequences under controlled conditions. However, while HiRo-SLAM demonstrates state-of-the-art performance in scenarios with moderate texture and minimal motion blur, its effectiveness may be reduced in highly dynamic environments with severe motion blur or extreme lighting conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Navigation and Positioning)

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14 pages, 590 KB

Open AccessArticle

Behaviour Change for Physical Activity Is Feasible and Effective in Women Living with Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Pilot Two-Arm Randomised Trial

by Mark Liu, Sharon Kilbreath, Jasmine Yee, Jane Beith and Elizabeth Dylke

Cancers 2026, 18(2), 338; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers18020338 (registering DOI) - 21 Jan 2026

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Physical activity benefits women with metastatic breast cancer. Past trials are typically well-resourced and supervised, but home-based interventions may be preferable and more accessible. This pilot trial evaluated the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a remotely delivered behaviour change intervention aiming to [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Physical activity benefits women with metastatic breast cancer. Past trials are typically well-resourced and supervised, but home-based interventions may be preferable and more accessible. This pilot trial evaluated the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a remotely delivered behaviour change intervention aiming to increase physical activity for women with metastatic breast cancer. Methods: A 12-week, two-arm trial involved 20 women with metastatic breast cancer randomised 1:1 to a generic recommendation group or behaviour change group. Both groups received a physical activity recommendation, Fitbit^® watch, diary, and nine phone/video call sessions. The behaviour change group received individualised advice around physical activity benefits, motivation, barriers, and social support; the generic recommendation group completed a recurring symptom questionnaire. Feasibility outcomes were recruitment, retention and adherence rates. Acceptability was evaluated with a structured interview at trial completion. Preliminary efficacy outcomes included 5-day Actigraph wear, 6 min walk distance, 30 s sit-to-stands, and questionnaires for self-reported physical activity, quality-of-life, fatigue, behavioural factors, and patient-specific function. Results: Recruitment, retention, and adherence rates were 63% (n = 20/32), 80% (n = 16/20), and 76% (137/180 sessions), respectively. Participants across both groups reported that participation was acceptable, and their behaviour change was perceived as sustainable. Preliminary change scores for efficacy measures favoured the behaviour change group, except some quality-of-life and behavioural factor subscales. Conclusions: Participants were receptive to the trial, and feasibility and efficacy measures were positive. This indicates that a behaviour change intervention for unsupervised physical activity is acceptable and can be beneficial to women with metastatic breast cancer, warranting further exploration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise Interventions for People Living with Cancer: Advances in Knowledge and Implementation)

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11 pages, 2469 KB

Open AccessBrief Report

Berberine Alleviates Shigella-Induced Dysentery by Regulating Intestinal Barrier and Inflammatory Responses

by Jinwen Ding, Yu Zhang, Xinyu Fan, Yanxing Han and Yuan Lin

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(2), 1063; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27021063 (registering DOI) - 21 Jan 2026

Abstract

Berberine (BBR), an isoquinoline alkaloid, has a long history of clinical use in treating dysentery. However, its precise mechanism has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the intestinal protective mechanisms of BBR against Shigella flexneri (S. flexneri)-induced dysentery [...] Read more.

Berberine (BBR), an isoquinoline alkaloid, has a long history of clinical use in treating dysentery. However, its precise mechanism has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the intestinal protective mechanisms of BBR against Shigella flexneri (S. flexneri)-induced dysentery in mice. We found that BBR significantly upregulated the intestinal barrier proteins ZO-1, occludin, and E-cadherin, enhancing intestinal mucosal integrity to inhibit S. flexneri invasion. Moreover, BBR effectively attenuated M1 macrophage polarization and restored the Th1/Th17/Treg balance to reduce inflammatory injury upon S. flexneri infection. Specifically, BBR reduced both the populations of Th1 and Th17 cells and their production of inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and IL-17A. Concurrently, it enhanced Treg cell populations and the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β1. Additionally, the intestinal protective effect of BBR was further augmented by an increase in secretory IgA (sIgA). Collectively, our findings demonstrate that BBR protects against S. flexneri-induced dysentery by enhancing the intestinal barrier and inflammatory responses, providing support for its clinical use. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Products in Drug Discovery and Development: 2nd Edition)

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18 pages, 1396 KB

Open AccessArticle

Decision-Support Analysis of Biomethane Infrastructure Options Using the TOPSIS Method

by Ance Ansone, Liga Rozentale, Claudio Rochas and Dagnija Blumberga

Sustainability 2026, 18(2), 1086; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18021086 (registering DOI) - 21 Jan 2026

Abstract

The integration of biomethane into the natural gas infrastructure is a critical element of energy-sector decarbonization, yet optimal infrastructure development scenarios remain insufficiently compared using unified decision frameworks. This study evaluates three biomethane market integration scenarios—direct connection to the gas system, biomethane injection [...] Read more.

The integration of biomethane into the natural gas infrastructure is a critical element of energy-sector decarbonization, yet optimal infrastructure development scenarios remain insufficiently compared using unified decision frameworks. This study evaluates three biomethane market integration scenarios—direct connection to the gas system, biomethane injection points (compressed biomethane transported by trucks to the gas system), and off-grid delivery using the multi-criteria decision-making method TOPSIS. Environmental, economic, and technical dimensions are jointly assessed. Results indicate that direct connection to the system provides the most balanced overall performance, achieving the highest integrated score (Ci = 0.70), driven by superior environmental and technical characteristics. Biomethane injection points demonstrate strong economic advantages (Ci = 0.49), particularly where capital investments need to be reduced or there is limited access to the gas system, but show weaker environmental and technical performance. Off-grid solutions perform poorly in integrated assessment (Ci = 0.00), reflecting limited scalability and high logistical complexity, although niche applications may remain viable under specific conditions. Sensitivity analysis confirms the robustness of these rankings across a wide range of weighting assumptions, strengthening the reliability of the findings for policy and infrastructure planning. This study provides one of the first integrated multi-criteria assessments explicitly incorporating virtual pipeline logistics, offering a transferable decision-support framework for sustainable biomethane development in diverse regional contexts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems (SDEWES 2025))

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19 pages, 5815 KB

Open AccessArticle

MonoPrior-Fusion: Monocular-Prior-Guided Multi-Frame Depth Estimation with Multi-Scale Geometric Fusion

by Zhiwei Lin, Bohan Sun, Zhan Zhang, Linrui Qian and Nianyu Yi

Sensors 2026, 26(2), 712; https://doi.org/10.3390/s26020712 (registering DOI) - 21 Jan 2026

Abstract

Precise 3D perception is critical for indoor robotics, augmented reality, and autonomous navigation. However, existing multi-frame depth estimation methods often suffer from significant performance degradation in challenging indoor scenarios characterized by weak textures, non-Lambertian surfaces, and complex layouts. To address these limitations, we [...] Read more.

Precise 3D perception is critical for indoor robotics, augmented reality, and autonomous navigation. However, existing multi-frame depth estimation methods often suffer from significant performance degradation in challenging indoor scenarios characterized by weak textures, non-Lambertian surfaces, and complex layouts. To address these limitations, we propose MonoPrior-Fusion (MPF), a novel framework that integrates pixel-wise monocular priors directly into the multi-view matching process. Specifically, MPF modulates cost-volume hypotheses to disambiguate matches and employs a hierarchical fusion architecture across multiple scales to propagate global and local geometric information. Additionally, a geometric consistency loss based on virtual planes is introduced to enhance global 3D coherence. Extensive experiments on ScanNetV2, 7Scenes, TUM RGB-D, and GMU Kitchens demonstrate that MPF achieves significant improvements over state-of-the-art multi-frame baselines and generalizes well across unseen domains. Furthermore, MPF yields more accurate and complete 3D reconstructions when integrated into a volumetric fusion pipeline, proving its effectiveness for dense mapping tasks. The source code will be made publicly available to support reproducibility and future research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sensing and Imaging)

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16 pages, 1760 KB

Open AccessArticle

Unveiling Weevil Diversity Drivers and Cryptic Species on the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau

by Jinliang Ren, Jiahua Xing, Xuan Liu and Runzhi Zhang

Insects 2026, 17(1), 120; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects17010120 (registering DOI) - 21 Jan 2026

Abstract

Understanding patterns and mechanisms of species diversity is one fundamental issue in biogeography and ecology. As a critical region for biodiversity, the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau (QXP) still has unclear distribution patterns and drivers for cryptic, understudied taxa such as Curculionoidea. Here, we collected the [...] Read more.

Understanding patterns and mechanisms of species diversity is one fundamental issue in biogeography and ecology. As a critical region for biodiversity, the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau (QXP) still has unclear distribution patterns and drivers for cryptic, understudied taxa such as Curculionoidea. Here, we collected the distribution data of Curculionoidea on the QXP to analyze their diversity patterns and influencing factors, and compiled a DNA barcode dataset to uncover cryptic diversity. This comprehensive dataset encompasses 671 Curculionoidea species across 223 genera, demonstrating a level of diversity that surpasses that of certain vertebrate groups. We also observed an unbalanced biogeographic pattern of diversity, with a concentration of species in the eastern and southern regions and a scarcity in the northern and central areas of QXP. Further analysis showed that the elevation range is the most important factor influencing the diversity of Curculionoidea. In addition, based on 1147 COI-5′ barcode sequences from 217 species, we found that 11 morphological species may contain cryptic species based on DNA barcode datadset. Our findings significantly enhance the current understanding of cryptic biodiversity patterns among understudied taxa in the QXP, while simultaneously highlighting persistent knowledge gaps in characterizing the plateau’s full ecological complexity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Insect Ecology, Diversity and Conservation)

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Graphical abstract

27 pages, 2553 KB

Open AccessArticle

Biotechnological Potential of Algerian Saffron Floral Residues: Recycling Phytochemicals with Antimicrobial Activity

by Nouria Meliani, Bouchra Loukidi, Larbi Belyagoubi, Nabila Belyagoubi-Benhammou, Salim Habi, Alessia D’Agostino, Antonella Canini, Saber Nahdi, Nassima Mokhtari Soulimane, Angelo Gismondi, Abdel Halim Harrath, Erdi Can Aytar and Gabriele Di Marco

Biology 2026, 15(2), 197; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology15020197 (registering DOI) - 21 Jan 2026

Abstract

This study investigates the phytochemical profile, antioxidant capacity, and antimicrobial potential of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) tepal extracts obtained via different solvent systems. Here, a biochemical screening was performed using spectrophotometry and HPLC-DAD, while molecular docking simulations were carried out to evaluate the [...] Read more.

This study investigates the phytochemical profile, antioxidant capacity, and antimicrobial potential of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) tepal extracts obtained via different solvent systems. Here, a biochemical screening was performed using spectrophotometry and HPLC-DAD, while molecular docking simulations were carried out to evaluate the possible interactions between saffron tepal metabolites and bacterial target proteins. In parallel, antioxidant activity was assessed using radical scavenging assays, whereas antimicrobial potential (i.e., MIC, MBC, and MFC) was tested against selected bacterial strains. Results indicated that aqueous successive and crude extracts yielded the highest concentrations of polyphenols, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. In detail, HPLC-DAD analysis specifically identified significant levels of gallic acid, epicatechin, and various anthocyanins. These extracts demonstrated robust antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. This latter evidence was corroborated by the docking analyses, which revealed that chlorogenic acid and petunidin-3-glucoside exhibited high binding affinities for 2NRK and 2NZF, whereas epicatechin and pelargonidin effectively targeted 8ACR. These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of C. sativus tepals as natural bioactive agents, suggesting a promising role in overcoming antibiotic resistance and supporting their development for pharmaceutical applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Young Researchers in Plant Sciences)

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Graphical abstract

8 pages, 1395 KB

Open AccessCase Report

Primary Uterine NUT Carcinoma: A Case Report and Literature Review

by Tetsuro Shiraishi, Iori Kisu, Naomi Kaneko, Takaaki Fukuda, Jun Watanabe, Ryoma Hayashi, Akihisa Ueno, Katsura Emoto, Kanako Nakamura, Yuya Nogami, Kosuke Tsuji, Kenta Masuda and Wataru Yamagami

Clin. Pract. 2026, 16(1), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/clinpract16010020 (registering DOI) - 21 Jan 2026

Abstract

Background: Nuclear protein in testis (NUT) carcinoma is a rare, aggressive, and poorly differentiated epithelial malignancy characterized by the rearrangement of NUTM1 (NUT midline carcinoma family member 1) on 15q14. It primarily originates along the midline structures, including the head, neck, thorax, [...] Read more.

Background: Nuclear protein in testis (NUT) carcinoma is a rare, aggressive, and poorly differentiated epithelial malignancy characterized by the rearrangement of NUTM1 (NUT midline carcinoma family member 1) on 15q14. It primarily originates along the midline structures, including the head, neck, thorax, and mediastinum. Although NUT carcinoma of the pelvic gynecological organs is exceedingly rare, reported cases have been limited to primary or metastatic ovarian tumors. Here, we present the first documented case of primary uterine NUT carcinoma. Case presentation: A 53-year-old postmenopausal woman presented with abnormal uterine bleeding and a uterine mass. She underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. The initial postoperative histopathological evaluation suggested undifferentiated endometrial sarcoma; however, subsequent immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed NUTM1 rearrangement, confirming the diagnosis of NUT carcinoma. The patient experienced tumor recurrence six months postoperatively and succumbed to the disease nine months later. Discussion: The pathological diagnosis was challenging; the presence of abrupt squamous differentiation prompted further IHC analysis, leading to the definitive diagnosis. Primary uterine NUT carcinoma may be misdiagnosed as other undifferentiated uterine tumors due to its rarity and histological overlap. Conclusions: Given the diagnostic challenges, NUT IHC staining and molecular testing for NUTM1 rearrangement should be considered in undifferentiated uterine tumors with ambiguous histopathological features. Full article

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18 pages, 3124 KB

Open AccessArticle

Diet–Microbiome Relationships in Prostate-Cancer Survivors with Prior Androgen Deprivation-Therapy Exposure and Previous Exercise Intervention Enrollment

by Jacob Raber, Abigail O’Niel, Kristin D. Kasschau, Alexandra Pederson, Naomi Robinson, Carolyn Guidarelli, Christopher Chalmers, Kerri Winters-Stone and Thomas J. Sharpton

Microorganisms 2026, 14(1), 251; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms14010251 (registering DOI) - 21 Jan 2026

Abstract

The gut microbiome is a modifiable factor in cancer survivorship. Diet represents the most practical intervention for modulating the gut microbiome. However, diet–microbiome relationships in prostate-cancer survivors remain poorly characterized. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of diet–microbiome associations in 79 prostate-cancer survivors (ages [...] Read more.

The gut microbiome is a modifiable factor in cancer survivorship. Diet represents the most practical intervention for modulating the gut microbiome. However, diet–microbiome relationships in prostate-cancer survivors remain poorly characterized. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of diet–microbiome associations in 79 prostate-cancer survivors (ages 62–81) enrolled in a randomized exercise intervention trial, 59.5% of whom still have active metastatic disease. Dietary intake was assessed using the Diet History Questionnaire (201 variables) and analyzed using three validated dietary pattern scores: Mediterranean Diet Adherence Score (MEDAS), Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015), and the Mediterranean-Dash Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet score. Gut microbiome composition was characterized via 16S rRNA sequencing. Dimensionality reduction strategies, including theory-driven diet scores and data-driven machine learning (Random Forest, and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO)), were used. Statistical analyses included beta regression for alpha diversity, Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance (PERMANOVA) for beta diversity (both Bray–Curtis and Sørensen metrics), and Microbiome Multivariable Associations with Linear Models (MaAsLin2) with negative binomial regression for taxa-level associations. All models tested interactions with exercise intervention, APOLIPOPROTEIN E (APOE) genotype, and testosterone levels. There was an interaction between MEDAS and exercise type on gut alpha diversity (Shannon: p = 0.0022), with stronger diet–diversity associations in strength training and Tai Chi groups than flexibility controls. All three diet-quality scores predicted beta diversity (HEI p = 0.002; MIND p = 0.025; MEDAS p = 0.034) but not Bray–Curtis (abundance-weighted) distance, suggesting diet shapes community membership rather than relative abundances. Taxa-level analysis revealed 129 genera with diet associations or diet × host factor interactions. Among 297 dietary variables tested for cognitive outcomes, only caffeine significantly predicted Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores after False Discovery Rate (FDR) correction (p = 0.0009, q = 0.014) through direct pathways beneficial to cognitive performance without notable gut microbiome modulation. In cancer survivors, dietary recommendations should be tailored to exercise habits, genetic background, and hormonal status. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Interactions Between Nutrients and Microbiota)

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16 pages, 3396 KB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Wood Chemical Composition on Liquefaction Efficiency and Polyurethane Foam Properties: A Study of Red Angico and Mahogany

by Emilly Silva, Luísa Cruz-Lopes, Idalina Domingos, Fabricio Gonçalves, Bruna da Silva Cruz, Michelângelo Fassarela, Antônio Thiago de Almeida and Bruno Esteves

Materials 2026, 19(2), 417; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19020417 (registering DOI) - 21 Jan 2026

Abstract

Biomass liquefaction is a thermochemical process that converts lignocellulosic materials into reactive liquid intermediates, enabling the production of bio-based polyols as a sustainable alternative to petroleum-derived chemicals. This study investigates the liquefaction of two lignocellulosic biomasses, Red Angico (Anadenanthera colubrina) and [...] Read more.

Biomass liquefaction is a thermochemical process that converts lignocellulosic materials into reactive liquid intermediates, enabling the production of bio-based polyols as a sustainable alternative to petroleum-derived chemicals. This study investigates the liquefaction of two lignocellulosic biomasses, Red Angico (Anadenanthera colubrina) and Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla), using a glycerol–ethylene glycol polyalcohol system, chosen for its renewable origin and high solvating efficiency. The resulting polyols were used to produce polyurethane (PU) foams, and their properties were evaluated in relation to biomass composition. The chemical composition of each biomass significantly influenced its liquefaction behavior and polyol characteristics. Mahogany achieved higher liquefaction efficiency, whereas Red Angico polyols generated PU foams with superior mechanical performance, highlighting the influence of species-specific chemistry. Water content and isocyanate index were found to modulate foam structure and compressive strength. This work demonstrates how tailored liquefaction strategies using polyalcohol systems can optimize bio-based PU foam properties, providing a sustainable route for high-performance polymer materials. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional/Structural Polymers and Composites Produced by the Addition of Plant Biomass or Waste Materials Using Various Production Technologies)

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17 pages, 1838 KB

Open AccessArticle

Responsiveness to City Service Requests, Life Satisfaction, and Horizontal Inequality: Does Good Local Governance Improve Subjective Well-Being for All?

by Danyel P. L. Tharakan and Tiffany N. Ford

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2026, 23(1), 132; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph23010132 (registering DOI) - 21 Jan 2026

Abstract

Local governance has been found to be an important determinant of individuals’ subjective well-being (SWB) in cross-municipality studies in Europe and Asia. In addition, previous literature suggests that increasing access to determinants of SWB provides lesser SWB benefit to racial minorities compared to [...] Read more.

Local governance has been found to be an important determinant of individuals’ subjective well-being (SWB) in cross-municipality studies in Europe and Asia. In addition, previous literature suggests that increasing access to determinants of SWB provides lesser SWB benefit to racial minorities compared to white people in the United States (U.S.). Given this context, we ask the following: (1) does good local governance improve SWB in the U.S.? and (2) does good local governance improve SWB for Black and Hispanic people equally compared to white people? To answer these questions, we examine Chicago, Illinois, the third-largest city in the U.S. with substantial Black and Hispanic populations. We model local governance, our independent variable, as the number of weeks for the municipality to respond to pothole service requests reported to the city’s non-emergency services system. Our dependent variable was life satisfaction, measured by the Cantril Ladder. Covariates included self-reported health problems, lack of money for food, sex, age, age-squared, and marital status. Neighborhood race/ethnicity was tested as a moderator of the primary relationships. We estimated linear regression models with and without race × governance interactions. Our findings demonstrate that local governance is an important determinant of SWB, but that it benefits SWB in white neighborhoods more than in Black/Hispanic neighborhoods. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Behavioral and Mental Health)

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