Advancing Open Science

The first (main) aim of the article is to define and practically apply the parameterized Kolmogorov–Smirnov (PKS) goodness-of-fit test for normality. The second contribution is to expand the family of empirical distribution functions with four new proposals. The third contribution is to construct a family of alternative distributions that includes both older and newer distributions. The fourth contribution is to calculate the power of the analyzed tests under alternative distributions with parameters chosen to be similar to the normal distribution in various ways. The new proposal is distinguished for left-skewed alternative distributions and symmetric distributions characterizing by negative excess kurtosis. The effectiveness of the PKS test is also illustrated by the analysis of thirty real data sets.

UVB radiation induces cutaneous damage through oxidative stress and immune dysregulation. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of Gastrodia elata fermented by Lactobacillus salivarius AACE1 (GL) in a mouse model of UVB-induced skin injury. Results demonstrated that GL treatment significantly improved skin morphology, enhanced antioxidant activities (SOD and GSH), reduced oxidative damage (MDA), and balanced inflammatory mediators by upregulating TGF-β and IL-10 while downregulating TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that GL specifically activated NOD-like receptor signaling pathway components (Nlrp3, Casp4, and Gbp2/5) while inducing Tnfaip3 to establish negative feedback control. Metabolomic profiling confirmed that fermentation transformed the metabolite landscape, enriching collagen-related dipeptides, antimicrobial/anti-inflammatory metabolites, and antioxidant cofactors. Importantly, comparative analysis showed that GL is more effective than vitamin E in coordinating multiple signaling pathways and maintaining inflammatory homeostasis. These findings establish GL as an effective natural product that alleviates UVB-induced skin damage through synchronized metabolic remodeling and controlled immune activation.

After the Spanish Civil War, the shortage of building materials in the country and the restrictions imposed by the Dirección General de Arquitectura limited the use of steel in construction, encouraging solutions that reduced the consumption of this material. In this context, the thin-tile vault gained new relevance due to its low cost, speed of execution and good structural and fire performance. Among the architects who revisited this system, Ignasi Bosch Reitg (1910–1985) developed an innovative procedure for the construction of continuous ceilings, based on double-curved vaults with a single layer of brick. His cousin, Josep Maria Bosch Aymerich (1917–2015), an industrial engineer and architect trained in the United States, brought a business vision to the table when he discovered the potential of this system. This paper proposes an in-depth study of the patents requested on this system by the two architects, questioning the reasons for their success or failure in different countries, both in terms of dissemination and exploitation, in regard to the historical context in which it was developed. The analysis, based on original documents from the Bosch Aymerich Archive, uncovers the tensions that the reinterpretation and global projection of a traditional technique can generate.

In aquaculture and in laboratory settings, the development of sustainable and functional feeds is crucial in order to promote fish welfare, growth, and reproductive performance. Among natural dietary supplements, spirulina (Arthrospira platensis), a blue-green microalga rich in proteins, essential fatty acids, vitamins, and antioxidant molecules, represents a promising bioactive ingredient capable of influencing both physiological and behavioral traits. A 32-week longitudinal study was conducted on adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) to evaluate the effects of spirulina supplementation (5%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) compared to a standard diet. Parameters related to survival, growth, reproductive fitness, and reproductive behavior were assessed in vivo and supported by a morphometric analysis of the gonads. Supplementation with 5% improved survival rate and the Body Condition Index, while 25% supplementation increased survival, enhanced reproductive behavior and spawning success (140% egg production vs. control), and supported optimal gonadal development and gamete maturation timing. Higher percentages of spirulina (50–100%) seem to cause nutritional imbalance, impairing health and reproductive fitness. This study demonstrates that moderate spirulina supplementation (5–25%) supports health, reproductive physiology, and behavior in zebrafish in a dose-dependent manner. These results highlight the potential of spirulina as a functional supplement for precision nutrition approaches, with implications for fish welfare, reproductive performance, and aquaculture sustainability.

We address the problem of 6D object pose estimation in aerosol environments, where RGB and depth sensors experience correlated degradation due to scattering and absorption. Handling such spatially varying degradation typically requires depth restoration, but obtaining ground-truth complete depth in aerosol conditions is prohibitively expensive. To overcome this limitation without relying on costly depth completion, we propose RA6D, a framework that integrates attention-guided reliability modeling with feature distillation. The attention map generated during RGB dehazing reflects aerosol distribution and provides a compact indicator of depth reliability. By embedding this attention as an additional feature in an Attention-Guided Point cloud (AGP), the network can adaptively respond to spatially varying degradation. In addition, to address the scarcity of aerosol-domain data, we employ clean-to-aerosol feature distillation, transferring robust representations learned under clean conditions. Experiments on aerosol benchmarks show that RA6D achieves higher accuracy and significantly faster inference than restoration-based pipelines, offering a practical solution for real-time robotic perception under severe visual degradation.

Pile foundations are extensively employed in large-diameter silos owing to their superior stability. However, conventional equal-stiffness designs often require thicker pile caps and higher reinforcement ratios, leading to increased construction costs. It promotes the study of this paper, which optimized the design of pile foundations for large-diameter silos to reduce construction costs. A three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) numerical model, incorporating superstructure–foundation–soil interaction, was developed using ANSYS to analyze the effects of pile cap thickness (PCT), pile length (PL), and pile diameter (PD) on maximum differential settlement (MDS). Sensitivity analysis quantified the influence of each parameter. Additionally, improvements to the automatic grouping genetic algorithm (AGGA) were proposed and implemented in Matlab to enhance design optimization. Results show that PCT has the greatest impact on MDS, followed by PL and PD. Optimal ranges are 1.7–2.3 m for PCT, 11.8–19.3 m for PL, and 0.6–1.2 m for PD. Using long-slender piles instead of short-thick piles reduces concrete consumption by 39.16% and decreases MDS by 73.5%, effectively mitigating secondary internal forces in the superstructure and pile cap. This approach enhances structural safety and overall system stability, offering a cost-effective solution for large-diameter silo foundations.

The Yellow River Floodplain region of Shandong Province is dominated by silty soils that challenge geotechnical construction. Drilling–Mixing–Jetting (DMJ) Deep Cement Mixing Pile groups have been adopted to improve the geotechnical properties of the soil. This study conducted field tests to evaluate column strength and numerically investigated the effects of area replacement ratio (7.10%, 10.66% and 14.21%) and column spacing. It is observed that the DMJ-integrated columns demonstrate enhanced soil–cement strength in the Yellow River Floodplain region, with sample strengths varying between 2 and 8 MPa. The electrical resistivity of soil–cement shows a strong linear correlation (Pearson’s R > 0.75) with unconfined compressive strength. Settlement reduction ratios range between 32.11% and 94.75% and increase with higher area replacement ratio (ARR) and applied stress but decrease with larger column spacing. Bearing capacity improvement factors are found to be increased with ARR, while column spacing has minimal effect, with values between 423.89 kPa and 431.61 kPa. Lateral displacement decreased with column installation and increasing area replacement ratio (ARR), while the effect of column spacing was confined to depths near the column head.

A hot extrusion deformation test of sintered Cu-10wt%Mo composite was carried out under deformation conditions, with deformation temperatures ranging from 800 °C to 950 °C, and extrusion ratios ranging from 2.9 to 10.5. The hot extrusion process eliminated the original interfaces between copper powder particles in sintered Cu-10wt%Mo composite. While the copper phase experienced dynamic recrystallization, the molybdenum particles effectively pinned the boundaries and inhibited subsequent grain growth. As the extrusion ratio increased, the composite material’s tensile strength, elongation, and thermal conductivity first increased and then decreased. With the rise in hot extrusion deformation temperature, the composite material’s tensile strength, elongation, and thermal conductivity gradually increased, but stabilized after reaching 900 °C. Deformation during hot extrusion is confined to the copper phase, which undergoes dynamic recrystallization (DRX), with no significant deformation occurring in the molybdenum phase. The molybdenum phase promotes an increased local strain rate in the copper phase, resulting in the formation of a certain number of twin grains.