MDPI - Publisher of Open Access Journals

11 pages, 381 KB

Open AccessArticle

Associations Between Physical Fitness and Health-Related Quality of Life in Children with Obesity

by Aldona Wierzbicka-Rucińska, Anna Wrona, Mieczysław Szalecki, Joanna Mazur and Jacek Podogrodzki

Diagnostics 2026, 16(3), 371; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16030371 (registering DOI) - 23 Jan 2026

Obesity is associated with multiple comorbidities and therefore requires a multidisciplinary approach. Particular attention is given to the role of visceral adiposity and its impact on quality of life. Childhood obesity, in particular, is a major global public health challenge with physical, psychological, [...] Read more.

Obesity is associated with multiple comorbidities and therefore requires a multidisciplinary approach. Particular attention is given to the role of visceral adiposity and its impact on quality of life. Childhood obesity, in particular, is a major global public health challenge with physical, psychological, and social consequences extending into adulthood. Within the framework of personalized medicine, assessing physical fitness and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) offers valuable insight for defining individualized therapeutic goals. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between physical fitness and HRQoL in children with simple obesity and to highlight the potential value of personalized approaches in pediatric obesity management. Methods: This study included 123 patients aged 8–16 years with simple obesity who were hospitalized at the Children’s Memorial Health Institute in Warsaw. Obesity was diagnosed according to CDC growth charts (OLAF study). Physical fitness was assessed using the EUROFIT test battery (8 trials), and HRQoL was measured with the Kidscreen-52 questionnaire (10 domains). Results: The overall EUROFIT test performance in the study group was significantly lower compared with population norms (p < 0.001). Similarly, HRQoL scores reported by both children and their parents were significantly below reference values (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Reduced physical fitness is strongly associated with impaired quality of life in children with obesity. Personalized interventions aimed at improving motor performance may represent an effective strategy in the prevention and treatment of pediatric obesity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Clinical Diagnosis and Prognosis)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

27 pages, 6725 KB

Open AccessArticle

Interpretable AI Models Based on Hybrid Ensemble Learning Methods for Predicting Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cement-Stabilized Magnetite Iron Ore Tailing

by Farzad Safi Jahanshahi, Ali Reza Ghanizadeh, Hamed Naseri and Abir Mouldi

AI 2026, 7(2), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/ai7020037 (registering DOI) - 23 Jan 2026

Abstract

Background: Iron ore tailings (IOTs) are a mine waste product used as road materials and suffer from a lack of sufficient strength, which should be improved through stabilization. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) is a crucial parameter for determining the quality and mix design [...] Read more.

Background: Iron ore tailings (IOTs) are a mine waste product used as road materials and suffer from a lack of sufficient strength, which should be improved through stabilization. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) is a crucial parameter for determining the quality and mix design of stabilized soils, which is time-consuming, requires specialized equipment and professional operators, and is not affordable. Methods: In this study, six ensemble learning techniques, five-fold cross-validation, and the Fennec Fox Optimization metaheuristic algorithm were utilized to predict UCS. For this purpose, cement content, curing time, compaction energy, and moisture content were selected as independent variables. Results: The results suggested that XGBoost-FFO was the most accurate model, R² = 0.9505, MAE = 0.257, MSE = 0.118, and RMSE = 338. Two interpretation methods were employed to evaluate the model’s performance, and the results indicated that the most significant parameter was compaction energy. Conclusions: Moreover, to facilitate practical engineering applications, a graphical user interface (GUI) was also designed to predict the UCS of cement-stabilized IOTs. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 5177 KB

Open AccessArticle

Identification of FDA-Approved Drugs as Potential Inhibitors of WEE2: Structure-Based Virtual Screening and Molecular Dynamics with Perspectives for Machine Learning-Assisted Prioritization

by Shahid Ali, Abdelbaset Mohamed Elasbali, Wael Alzahrani, Taj Mohammad, Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan and Teng Zhou

Life 2026, 16(2), 185; https://doi.org/10.3390/life16020185 (registering DOI) - 23 Jan 2026

Abstract

Wee1-like protein kinase 2 (WEE2) is an oocyte-specific kinase that regulates meiotic arrest and fertilization. Its largely restricted expression in female germ cells and absence in somatic tissues make it a highly selective target for reproductive health interventions. Despite its central role in [...] Read more.

Wee1-like protein kinase 2 (WEE2) is an oocyte-specific kinase that regulates meiotic arrest and fertilization. Its largely restricted expression in female germ cells and absence in somatic tissues make it a highly selective target for reproductive health interventions. Despite its central role in human fertility, no clinically approved WEE2 modulator is available. In this study, we employed an integrated in silico approach that combines structure-based virtual screening, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and MM-PBSA free-energy calculations to identify repurposed drug candidates with potential WEE2 inhibitory activity. Screening of ~3800 DrugBank compounds against the WEE2 catalytic domain yielded ten high-affinity hits, from which Midostaurin and Nilotinib emerged as the most mechanistically relevant based on kinase-targeting properties and pharmacological profiles. Docking analyses revealed strong binding affinities (−11.5 and −11.3 kcal/mol) and interaction fingerprints highly similar to the reference inhibitor MK1775, including key contacts with hinge-region residues Val220, Tyr291, and Cys292. All-atom MD simulations for 300 ns demonstrated that both compounds induce stable protein–ligand complexes with minimal conformational drift, decreased residual flexibility, preserved compactness, and stable intramolecular hydrogen-bond networks. Principal component and free-energy landscape analyses further indicate restricted conformational sampling of WEE2 upon ligand binding, supporting ligand-induced stabilization of the catalytic domain. MM-PBSA calculations confirmed favorable binding free energies for Midostaurin (−18.78 ± 2.23 kJ/mol) and Nilotinib (−17.47 ± 2.95 kJ/mol), exceeding that of MK1775. To increase the translational prioritization of candidate hits, we place our structure-based pipeline in the context of modern machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL)-enabled virtual screening workflows. ML/DL rescoring and graph-based molecular property predictors can rapidly re-rank docking hits and estimate absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) liabilities before in vitro evaluation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Machine and Deep Learning in Drug Screening)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 2354 KB

Open AccessArticle

Control of Chrysodeixis includens with Extracts from Annona squamosa L. Seeds and Their Toxicological Effects on Danio rerio

by Fabiele S. Rodrigues, Jéssica S. Boff, Alexandre C. Reis, Tamiris R. Storck, Jaíne Ames, Vania L. Loro, Oderlei Bernardi, Adriano A. Melo, Marcio A. Mazutti, Marcus V. Tres and Giovani L. Zabot

Processes 2026, 14(3), 394; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14030394 (registering DOI) - 23 Jan 2026

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the insecticidal potential of custard apple (Annona squamosa L.) seed extract against Chrysodeixis includens, a major soybean pest, and to assess its toxicological effects on a non-target organism. The extract was obtained by [...] Read more.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the insecticidal potential of custard apple (Annona squamosa L.) seed extract against Chrysodeixis includens, a major soybean pest, and to assess its toxicological effects on a non-target organism. The extract was obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction using water as the solvent. Ingestion bioassays exposed C. includens larvae to aqueous extract concentrations ranging from 0.25 to 10.0 g/L, with Dipel WG^® (5 g/L) and an untreated diet used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Mortality rates ranged from 40 to 97%, increasing with exposure time and concentration up to 1 g/L and remaining statistically stable at higher concentrations after 120 h. Extract concentrations from 1 to 10 g/L did not differ significantly from the positive control. Ecotoxicological assays were conducted using zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to extract concentrations of 0.84–16.80 µg/L, and biomarkers of neurotoxicity and oxidative stress were evaluated. At 16.8 µg/L, the extract caused lower biomarker alterations than Dipel WG^®, indicating reduced oxidative damage. Overall, A. squamosa seed extract effectively controls C. includens at low concentrations with minimal environmental risk to non-target organisms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Separation Processes)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 251 KB

Open AccessArticle

Understanding Ikeda’s Three Virtues for Global Citizenship

by Dong-Uhn Suh

Religions 2026, 17(2), 128; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel17020128 (registering DOI) - 23 Jan 2026

Abstract

This paper analyzes Daisaku Ikeda’s concept of global citizenship from the perspective of ecological citizenship required in today’s climate crisis. Western ethical traditions, as well as the cosmopolitan ideas of Kant, Habermas, and Marx, remain largely anthropocentric and fail to adequately account for [...] Read more.

This paper analyzes Daisaku Ikeda’s concept of global citizenship from the perspective of ecological citizenship required in today’s climate crisis. Western ethical traditions, as well as the cosmopolitan ideas of Kant, Habermas, and Marx, remain largely anthropocentric and fail to adequately account for the relationships between humans, nature, and other living beings. In contrast, Ikeda understands human beings as “life itself,” intrinsically interconnected with all forms of life. By expanding Aristotelian virtue ethics to a global and holistic level, Ikeda proposes an alternative ecological model of global citizenship that transcends anthropocentrism and is more suited to the contemporary ecological era. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Theoretical and Behavioral Approaches to the Growth of Soka Gakkai International (SGI))

14 pages, 3060 KB

Open AccessArticle

Bias-Induced Modulation of Charge Transport and Relaxation Dynamics in Perovskite Solar Cells: An Impedance Spectroscopy Approach

by Yassine Tabbai, Abdelhadi Mortadi, Houda Lifi and Hamid Nasrellah

Eng 2026, 7(2), 55; https://doi.org/10.3390/eng7020055 (registering DOI) - 23 Jan 2026

Abstract

In this study, we employ impedance spectroscopy to investigate the internal mechanisms influencing the efficiency and performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Using SCAPS-1D software (version 3.3.10), we simulate the FTO/ZnO/MASnI₃/NiOx/Au heterostructure to analyze the complex impedance (Z*) and electric modulus [...] Read more.

In this study, we employ impedance spectroscopy to investigate the internal mechanisms influencing the efficiency and performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Using SCAPS-1D software (version 3.3.10), we simulate the FTO/ZnO/MASnI₃/NiOx/Au heterostructure to analyze the complex impedance (Z*) and electric modulus (M*). This approach allows us to differentiate between bulk material properties and interface phenomena, such as ion migration, charge transport, and recombination dynamics. Through Nyquist and Bode plots, we identify three distinct relaxation processes associated with charge migration, interface polarization, and charge injection/extraction at the electrodes. To achieve a more comprehensive understanding, we model the impedance and modulus spectra using an equivalent electrical circuit, which accurately reproduces the experimental data. Our analysis reveals that increasing the bias voltage extends the relaxation times for charge transport and interface polarization, highlighting a decline in performance under higher operational voltages. This performance drop is attributed to elevated resistive losses and enhanced recombination processes, which become more pronounced at higher fields. These findings emphasize the importance of optimizing both bulk material properties and interface engineering to mitigate losses and improve the overall performance and stability of PSCs. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

24 pages, 5280 KB

Open AccessArticle

MA-DeepLabV3+: A Lightweight Semantic Segmentation Model for Jixin Fruit Maturity Recognition

by Leilei Deng, Jiyu Xu, Di Fang and Qi Hou

AgriEngineering 2026, 8(2), 40; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering8020040 (registering DOI) - 23 Jan 2026

Abstract

Jixin fruit (Malus domestica ‘Jixin’) is a high-value specialty fruit of significant economic importance in northeastern and northwestern China. Automatic recognition of fruit maturity is a critical prerequisite for intelligent harvesting. However, challenges inherent to field environments—including heterogeneous ripeness levels [...] Read more.

Jixin fruit (Malus domestica ‘Jixin’) is a high-value specialty fruit of significant economic importance in northeastern and northwestern China. Automatic recognition of fruit maturity is a critical prerequisite for intelligent harvesting. However, challenges inherent to field environments—including heterogeneous ripeness levels among fruits on the same plant, gradual color transitions during maturation that result in ambiguous boundaries, and occlusion by branches and foliage—render traditional image recognition methods inadequate for simultaneously achieving high recognition accuracy and computational efficiency. Although existing deep learning models can improve recognition accuracy, their substantial computational demands and high hardware requirements preclude deployment on resource-constrained embedded devices such as harvesting robots. To achieve the rapid and accurate identification of Jixin fruit maturity, this study proposes Multi-Attention DeepLabV3+ (MA-DeepLabV3+), a streamlined semantic segmentation framework derived from an enhanced DeepLabV3+ model. First, a lightweight backbone network is adopted to replace the original complex structure, substantially reducing computational burden. Second, a Multi-Scale Self-Attention Module (MSAM) is proposed to replace the traditional Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling (ASPP) structure, reducing network computational cost while enhancing the model’s perception capability for fruits of different scales. Finally, an Attention and Convolution Fusion Module (ACFM) is introduced in the decoding stage to significantly improve boundary segmentation accuracy and small target recognition ability. Experimental results on a self-constructed Jixin fruit dataset demonstrated that the proposed MA-DeepLabV3+ model achieves an mIoU of 86.13%, mPA of 91.29%, and F1 score of 90.05%, while reducing the number of parameters by 89.8% and computational cost by 55.3% compared to the original model. The inference speed increased from 41 frames per second (FPS) to 81 FPS, representing an approximately two-fold improvement. The model memory footprint is only 21 MB, demonstrating potential for deployment on embedded devices such as harvesting robots. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves significant reductions in computational complexity while maintaining high segmentation accuracy, exhibiting robust performance particularly in complex scenarios involving color gradients, ambiguous boundaries, and occlusion. This study provides technical support for the development of intelligent Jixin fruit harvesting equipment and offers a valuable reference for the application of lightweight deep learning models in smart agriculture. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Computer Applications and Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 703 KB

Open AccessReview

The Complexity of Immunoglobulin A Immune Responses in Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

by Ashley Ferrier Esposito, Diego R. Hijano and Stephania A. Cormier

Viruses 2026, 18(2), 150; https://doi.org/10.3390/v18020150 (registering DOI) - 23 Jan 2026

Abstract

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remains a leading cause of severe lower respiratory tract disease in infants worldwide. Despite extensive study in animal models and humans, fundamental age-dependent differences in mucosal immunity continue to limit the development of durable protective strategies in early life. [...] Read more.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remains a leading cause of severe lower respiratory tract disease in infants worldwide. Despite extensive study in animal models and humans, fundamental age-dependent differences in mucosal immunity continue to limit the development of durable protective strategies in early life. Compared to adults, infants mount weaker humoral responses to RSV, underscoring the urgent need for effective vaccines in this age group. Immunoglobulin A (IgA), the dominant antibody isotype at respiratory mucosal surfaces, plays a central role in limiting viral replication and disease severity during RSV infection. While IgA limits RSV severity in adults, infants fail to generate robust IgA responses. Impaired IgA responses in infancy reflect unique immune regulatory pathways that shape early-life antiviral immunity. Emerging evidence highlights a critical role for regulatory B cells (Bregs), particularly neonatal Bregs (nBregs), in suppressing antiviral responses, limiting class switch recombination, and contributing to severe RSV disease. This review summarizes current evidence on IgA regulation during RSV infection, with particular emphasis on age-specific B-cell responses and the emerging role of Bregs. Improved understanding of these mechanisms has direct implications for the rational design of vaccines and immunomodulatory strategies tailored to infants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Understanding Viral Pathogenesis and Host Immune Responses to Arboviruses and Respiratory Viruses)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

20 pages, 10143 KB

Open AccessArticle

Plasma EV miR-186-5p as an Early Biomarker and Regulator of IFN-α-Mediated Oxidative and β-Cell Dysfunction in Prediabetes

by Jae-Hyung Park, Thi Nhi Nguyen, Hye Min Shim, Yun-Ui Bae, Gyeong Im Yu, Junho Kang, Eun Yeong Ha and Hochan Cho

Antioxidants 2026, 15(2), 150; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox15020150 (registering DOI) - 23 Jan 2026

Abstract

Prediabetes is accompanied by early β-cell stress and oxidative imbalance before overt hyperglycemia. Circulating extracellular vesicle (EV) microRNAs (miRNAs) may capture early metabolic disturbances, but their mechanistic relevance remains unclear. Plasma EV miRNA profiles were analyzed across normoglycemia, prediabetes, and newly diagnosed type [...] Read more.

Prediabetes is accompanied by early β-cell stress and oxidative imbalance before overt hyperglycemia. Circulating extracellular vesicle (EV) microRNAs (miRNAs) may capture early metabolic disturbances, but their mechanistic relevance remains unclear. Plasma EV miRNA profiles were analyzed across normoglycemia, prediabetes, and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, with validation in an independent cohort (n = 150). Functional studies were performed in pancreatic β-cells exposed to glucolipotoxic stress to examine miRNA regulation, IFN-α signaling, mitochondrial redox status, and insulin secretion. Six EV miRNAs, including miR-186-5p, were consistently reduced in prediabetes and correlated with glycemic and insulin resistance indices. In β-cells, glucolipotoxic stress selectively suppressed miR-186-5p, leading to derepression of IFNA2, activation of IFN-α–JAK/STAT signaling, increased mitochondrial ROS, impaired ATP/ADP dynamics, and reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Restoration of miR-186-5p or pharmacologic JAK inhibition mitigated these defects, and luciferase assays confirmed IFNA2 as a direct target of miR-186-5p. EV-associated miR-186-5p represents an early marker of metabolic stress in prediabetes and provides mechanistic insight into IFN-α–driven oxidative and secretory dysfunction in β-cells. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mitochondria, Redox and Pancreatic β-Cells: Maturation, Function and Inflammatory Stress)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 966 KB

Open AccessArticle

Recognizing ALBI Grade in Child-Pugh A Patients at a Glance: Mathematical Simulation and Large-Scale Clinical Validation

by Po-Heng Chuang, Yuan-Jie Ding, Chih-Yun Lin and Sheng-Nan Lu

Diagnostics 2026, 16(3), 370; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16030370 (registering DOI) - 23 Jan 2026

Abstract

Background: The albumin–bilirubin (ALBI) grade provides an objective assessment of hepatic reserve, but the need for calculation by means of a formula has hampered its use at the bedside. This study aimed to develop simple cut-off values for ALBI grade and validate its [...] Read more.

Background: The albumin–bilirubin (ALBI) grade provides an objective assessment of hepatic reserve, but the need for calculation by means of a formula has hampered its use at the bedside. This study aimed to develop simple cut-off values for ALBI grade and validate its performance in a large multi-center real-world cohort. Methods: A mathematical simulation evaluated every possible ALBI pair that falls within the Child–Pugh classification (CP) A range, discretized to 0.1 increments. Cut points for patient stratification without equation-based calculation were derived. Validation was conducted with the Chang Gung Research Database (CGRD), which contains data from 10 hospitals in Taiwan. Patients with same-day albumin and bilirubin measurements in 2024 were included. Results: Mathematical modeling identified clinically applicable cutoffs—albumin ≥ 4.4 g/dL or ≤3.5 g/dL and bilirubin ≥ 2.4 mg/dL—with further refinement at albumin 4.0 g/dL and bilirubin ≥ 1.0 mg/dL. Among 7583 CP-A patients, 82% were directly classifiable without computation, with consistent applicability across chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) subgroups. Equation dependence increased only slightly in the HCC group, confirming robustness across disease severities. Conclusions: Simplified cutoff rules derived from mathematical modeling and validated in a multi-center cohort enable rapid recognition of ALBI grade in most CP-A patients. This approach enhances the clinical usability of ALBI and supports its integration into patient care, clinical trials, and treatment allocation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Diagnosis and Management of Liver Diseases)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

5 pages, 187 KB

Open AccessEditorial

Gene and Cell Therapy in Regenerative Medicine

by Albert A. Rizvanov and Ayşegül Doğan

Cells 2026, 15(3), 212; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells15030212 (registering DOI) - 23 Jan 2026

Abstract

Gene and cell therapies have become core components of regenerative medicine, moving from proof-of-concept studies toward clinically actionable strategies for repairing or replacing damaged tissues [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gene and Cell Therapy in Regenerative Medicine)

20 pages, 3589 KB

Open AccessArticle

Comparison of Perceived and Measured Indoor Environmental Quality Across Home and Office Work Environments

by Young Joo Son, Zachary C. Pope, Kunjoon Byun and Meng Kong

Sustainability 2026, 18(3), 1144; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18031144 (registering DOI) - 23 Jan 2026

Abstract

As remote and hybrid work arrangements become increasingly embedded in modern professional life, understanding indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in work-from-home (WFH) settings has become critical for supporting sustainable and healthy work environments. This study assessed both subjective perceptions and objective measurements of IEQ [...] Read more.

As remote and hybrid work arrangements become increasingly embedded in modern professional life, understanding indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in work-from-home (WFH) settings has become critical for supporting sustainable and healthy work environments. This study assessed both subjective perceptions and objective measurements of IEQ from three different working environments of home, employer offices, and simulated standard-compliant offices. Within the home environment, household characteristics resulted in significantly different measured IEQ: larger households and pet ownership were associated with higher CO₂, VOC, and air temperature levels, while noise levels varied by childcare responsibilities and flooring type. IEQ perceptions also significantly differed: air temperature satisfaction was lower among those providing childcare, and overall environmental satisfaction varied by WFH frequency, with occasional WFH workers reporting the least satisfaction. Across the three working environments, participants were significantly more satisfied with thermal and acoustic conditions in WFH than employer offices, with simulated standard-compliant offices showing intermediate results. Notably, these perception patterns did not always align with measured environmental conditions. These findings demonstrate that both household characteristics and work context shape occupants’ IEQ perceptions, underscoring the importance of occupant-centered evaluation in advancing sustainable building design and remote work strategies. The results suggest that integrating both objective IEQ metrics and subjective experience is essential for promoting long-term environmental sustainability and occupant well-being across evolving work environments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Health, Well-Being and Sustainability)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 250 KB

Open AccessProject Report

Raising Stroke Prevention Champions: Evaluation of a Nurse-Led Primary Health Care Nurse Training Intervention

by Mpho Z. Shelile, Bokang A. Mahlelehlele and Nick Bass

Nurs. Rep. 2026, 16(2), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep16020037 (registering DOI) - 23 Jan 2026

Abstract

Background: Globally, stroke is a significant health problem and is considered one of the leading causes of mortality and permanent disability worldwide. Nurses are key stakeholders and integral members of the stroke care team, contributing to every stage of care. Objective: [...] Read more.

Background: Globally, stroke is a significant health problem and is considered one of the leading causes of mortality and permanent disability worldwide. Nurses are key stakeholders and integral members of the stroke care team, contributing to every stage of care. Objective: This study aimed to assess the effects of a nurse-led stroke training program on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of registered nurses working in Berea primary health care facilities, Lesotho, before and after an educational intervention. Methods: To evaluate the effectiveness of the nurse-led intervention, this study used a pre-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design. Participants completed a structured questionnaire before the intervention to assess their baseline knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to stroke. Following the intervention, which consisted of educational sessions led by trained nurses, the same questionnaire was administered again to measure changes in participants’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Paired t-tests compared results. Results: A total of 34 registered nurses from 18 primary healthcare facilities participated in this pre- and post-intervention questionnaire study. When comparing knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to stroke before and after the educational intervention, the increase in correct response rates was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The training evaluation received positive feedback from the participants. Conclusions: Structured nurse-led educational interventions enhance nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices in stroke care, leading to improved patient outcomes and stronger community-based prevention. These findings highlight the need to integrate continuous stroke education into nursing policies and primary health care practice. Full article

32 pages, 652 KB

Open AccessEssay

A Note on Using Scale Sum Scores in Path Analysis

by Alexander Robitzsch

Psychol. Int. 2026, 8(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/psycholint8010008 (registering DOI) - 23 Jan 2026

Abstract

Sum scores are widely used in the social sciences, yet their appropriateness remains a topic of considerable debate in the psychometric literature. A recent article by Raykov and Zhang (2025, Struct. Equ. Model.) has cautioned against employing sum scores as predictor variables [...] Read more.

Sum scores are widely used in the social sciences, yet their appropriateness remains a topic of considerable debate in the psychometric literature. A recent article by Raykov and Zhang (2025, Struct. Equ. Model.) has cautioned against employing sum scores as predictor variables in subsequent analyses, as this practice may lead to biased estimates of regression coefficients. As an alternative, structural equation modeling (SEM) based on a unidimensional factor model—where the latent factor replaces the sum score—has been advocated. The present article argues that reliability adjustments can also be implemented without resorting to SEM, using reliability-corrected regression models designed for measurement error correction. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the SEM approach becomes inferior to measurement error correction methods when the assumption of a unidimensional measurement model is violated or when design-based reliability indices, such as Cronbach’s alpha, are preferred over model-based alternatives like McDonald’s omega. The article concludes that a fully integrated SEM approach, combining both measurement and structural components, is advantageous over measurement error correction approaches with reliability adjustment only under specific and limited conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Psychometrics and Educational Measurement)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 4140 KB

Open AccessArticle

Preparation and Properties of Ellagic Acid-Modified Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube/Aramid Nanofiber Composite Films

by Xuguo Huai, Yuhan Wang, Weiwei Cao, Xiaowei Fan and Hong-Zhang Geng

Coatings 2026, 16(2), 147; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings16020147 (registering DOI) - 23 Jan 2026

Abstract

To combat the critical hurdles of thermal buildup and low-temperature shutdown events in 5G-enabled smart wearables, a high-performance flexible composite film based on ellagic acid-modified single-walled carbon nanotubes (EA-SWCNTs) and aramid nanofibers (ANF) was designed and developed. The influence mechanism of the loading [...] Read more.

To combat the critical hurdles of thermal buildup and low-temperature shutdown events in 5G-enabled smart wearables, a high-performance flexible composite film based on ellagic acid-modified single-walled carbon nanotubes (EA-SWCNTs) and aramid nanofibers (ANF) was designed and developed. The influence mechanism of the loading amount of the conductive network on the electrothermal properties of the composite material was focused on. The results show that through the π-π stacking non-covalent modification strategy, the uniform dispersion of EA-SWCNTs on the layer of ANF substrate and the construction of an ordered layered structure were successfully achieved. The prepared composite film could reach a steady-state temperature of 171 °C under a driving voltage of 3.5 V. In addition, it exhibits excellent electrothermal response characteristics and cyclic stability. It could reach the steady-state voltage within 10 s and shows no obvious performance degradation after multiple cycles. This composite film shows broad application prospects in fields such as intelligent wearable devices and flexible electronic protection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Thin Films)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

28 pages, 3376 KB

Open AccessArticle

Perfluorocarbon Nanoemulsions for Simultaneous Delivery of Oxygen and Antioxidants During Machine Perfusion Supported Organ Preservation

by Smith Patel, Paromita Paul Pinky, Amit Chandra Das, Joshua S. Copus, Chip Aardema, Caitlin Crelli, Anneliese Troidle, Eric Lambert, Rebecca McCallin, Vidya Surti, Carrie DiMarzio, Varun Kopparthy and Jelena M. Janjic

Pharmaceutics 2026, 18(2), 143; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics18020143 (registering DOI) - 23 Jan 2026

Abstract

Background: Solid organ transplantation (SOT) is a life-saving treatment for patients with end-stage diseases and/or organ failure. However, access to healthy organs is often limited by challenges in organ preservation. Furthermore, upon transplantation, ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) can lead to increased organ rejection or [...] Read more.

Background: Solid organ transplantation (SOT) is a life-saving treatment for patients with end-stage diseases and/or organ failure. However, access to healthy organs is often limited by challenges in organ preservation. Furthermore, upon transplantation, ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) can lead to increased organ rejection or graft failures. The work presented aims to address both challenges using an innovative nanomedicine platform for simultaneous drug and oxygen delivery. In recent studies, resveratrol (RSV), a natural antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging agent, has been reported to protect against IRI by inhibiting ferroptosis. Here, we report the design, development, and scalable manufacturing of the first-in-class dual-function perfluorocarbon-nanoemulsion (PFC-NE) perfusate for simultaneous oxygen and antioxidant delivery, equipped with a near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) reporter, longitudinal, non-invasive NIRF imaging of perfusate flow through organs/tissues during machine perfusion. Methods: A Quality-by-Design (QbD)-guided optimization was used to formulate a triphasic PFC-NE with 30% w/v perfluorooctyl bromide (PFOB). Drug-free perfluorocarbon nanoemulsions (DF-NEs) and RSV-loaded nanoemulsions (RSV-NEs) were produced at 250–1000 mL scales using M110S, LM20, and M110P microfluidizers. Colloidal attributes, fluorescence stability, drug loading, and RSV release were evaluated using DLS, NIRF imaging, and HPLC, respectively. PFC-NE oxygen loading and release kinetics were evaluated during perfusion through the BMI OrganBank^® machine with the MEDOS HILITE^® oxygenator and by controlled flow of oxygen. The in vitro antioxidant activity of RSV-NE was measured using the oxygen radical scavenging antioxidant capacity (ORAC) assay. The cytotoxicity and ferroptosis inhibition of RSV-NE were evaluated in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Results: PFC-NE batches maintained a consistent droplet size (90–110 nm) and low polydispersity index (<0.3) across all scales, with high reproducibility and >80% PFOB loading. Both DF-NE and RSV-NE maintained colloidal and fluorescence stability under centrifugation, serum exposure at body temperature, filtration, 3-month storage, and oxygenation. Furthermore, RSV-NE showed high drug loading and sustained release (63.37 ± 2.48% at day 5) compared with the rapid release observed in free RSV solution. In perfusion studies, the oxygenation capacity of PFC-NE consistently exceeded that of University of Wisconsin (UW) solution and demonstrated stable, linear gas responsiveness across flow rates and FiO₂ (fraction of inspired oxygen) inputs. RSV-NE displayed strong antioxidant activity and concentration-dependent inhibition of free radicals. RSV-NE maintained higher cell viability and prevented RAS-selective lethal compound 3 (RSL3)-induced ferroptosis in murine macrophages (macrophage cell line RAW 264.7), compared to the free RSV solution. Morphological and functional protection against RSL3-induced ferroptosis was confirmed microscopically. Conclusions: This study establishes a robust and scalable PFC-NE platform integrating antioxidant and oxygen delivery, along with NIRF-based non-invasive live monitoring of organ perfusion during machine-supported preservation. These combined features position PFC-NE as a promising next-generation acellular perfusate for preventing IRI and improving graft viability during ex vivo machine perfusion. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Methods of Potentially Improving Drug Permeation and Bioavailability)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

11 pages, 1091 KB

Open AccessArticle

Preliminary Evaluation of the Effect of Body Weight on Contrast Enhancement in Coronary CT Angiography: A Fixed Iodine-Dose Protocol

by Fahad Alraddadi, Hasan Almalki, Rana Saklou, Faris Jawad, Zyad M. Almutlaq, Awad Alzahrani, Meshal Alzahrani, Ghada Alturkstani, Waleed Alharbi, Wed Shaibah and Nasser M. Alzahrani

Diagnostics 2026, 16(3), 368; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16030368 (registering DOI) - 23 Jan 2026

Abstract

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a fixed contrast injection protocol—75 mL of contrast followed by 40 mL saline at 5 mL/s with an injection duration of 23 s—in achieving diagnostic enhancement in coronary CT angiography (CCTA) using 64-slice detector CT scanner. [...] Read more.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a fixed contrast injection protocol—75 mL of contrast followed by 40 mL saline at 5 mL/s with an injection duration of 23 s—in achieving diagnostic enhancement in coronary CT angiography (CCTA) using 64-slice detector CT scanner. Materials and Methods: 456 consecutive patients with suspected coronary disease who underwent CCTA on a 64-slice detector CT scanner between January 2023 and December 2024 and were retrospectively enrolled. Each patient received 75 mL of contrast medium followed by 40 mL of saline at a flow rate of 5 mL/s, with a total injection duration of 23 s. Two radiologists, blinded to patient information, independently measured the contrast enhancement (HU) values in the coronary segments, ascending and descending aorta, and left ventricle. Attenuation levels ≥250 HU were considered diagnostic. Patients were grouped by body weight into two categories: Group 1 (≤75 kg) and Group 2 (>75 kg). The independent t-test and Mann–Whitney U test were used to compare HU values in each vessel between the two groups, while the Chi-square test was applied to compare enhancement success rates (HU ≥ 250) between the groups per vessel. Results: A total of 281 patients (mean age: 51.88 years ± 11.15 [SD]; 167 male, 114 female), were included. Statistically significant differences in the HU enhancement measurements were found between groups (p < 0.001–0.007). However, all segments showed mean and median HU values above 250 HU. Enhancement success rates were significantly higher in Group 1 (p = 0.005–0.04), except in the ascending aorta, descending aorta, left main coronary artery, middle right coronary, distal right coronary artery, and middle left circumflex artery, where the rates were statistically comparable between the groups (p = 0.054–0.61). Conclusions: A fixed contrast protocol (75 mL of contrast medium followed by 40 mL of saline at a 5 mL/s flow rate with a total injection duration of 23 s) appears to be feasible for achieving diagnostic contrast enhancement in CCTA using a 64-slice multidetector CT scanner. This protocol may offer a simplified alternative to individualized, weight-based contrast dosing strategies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Medical Imaging and Theranostics)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

26 pages, 25350 KB

Open AccessArticle

Applying Supervised Machine Learning to Effusion Analysis for the Diagnosis of Feline Infectious Peritonitis

by Dawn E. Dunbar, Simon A. Babayan, Sarah Krumrie, Sharmila Rennie, Elspeth M. Waugh, Margaret J. Hosie and William Weir

Bioengineering 2026, 13(2), 127; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13020127 (registering DOI) - 23 Jan 2026

Abstract

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a major disease of cats which, unless promptly diagnosed and treated, is invariably fatal. Although it has long been recognised that the condition is the result of an aberrant immune response to infection with feline coronavirus, there remain [...] Read more.

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a major disease of cats which, unless promptly diagnosed and treated, is invariably fatal. Although it has long been recognised that the condition is the result of an aberrant immune response to infection with feline coronavirus, there remain significant gaps in our understanding of its pathogenesis. Consequently, diagnosis is complex and relies on the combined interpretation of numerous clinical signs and laboratory biomarkers, many of which are non-specific. In the case of effusive FIP, a commonly encountered acute form of the disease where body cavity effusions develop; the interpretation of fluid analysis results is key to diagnosing the condition. We hypothesised that machine learning could be applied to fluid analysis test data in order to help diagnose effusive FIP. Thus, historical test records from a veterinary laboratory dataset of 718 suspected cases of effusive disease were identified, representing 336 cases of FIP and 382 cases that were determined not to be FIP. This dataset was used to train an ensemble model to predict disease status based on clinical observations and laboratory features. Our model predicts the correct disease state with an accuracy of 96.51%, an area under the receiver operator curve of 96.48%, a sensitivity of 98.85% and a specificity of 94.12%. This study demonstrates that machine learning can be successfully applied to the interpretation of fluid analysis results to accurately detect cases of effusive FIP. Thus, this method has the potential to be utilised in a veterinary diagnostic laboratory setting to standardise and improve service provision. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Artificial Intelligence in Medical Image Processing and Segmentation, Third Edition)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 300 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Treatise on Friendship and the Import of Christianized Friendship Ethics into Late Ming–Early Qing China: A Study of Martino Martini’s Qiu You Pian

by Xiangyan Jiang

Religions 2026, 17(2), 127; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel17020127 (registering DOI) - 23 Jan 2026

Abstract

This study focuses on Martino Martini’s A Treatise on Friendship (Qiu You Pian), exploring its content and means of introducing Christianized friendship ethics into late Ming–early Qing China. Through a close reading of the text and a comparative study with Matteo Ricci and [...] Read more.

This study focuses on Martino Martini’s A Treatise on Friendship (Qiu You Pian), exploring its content and means of introducing Christianized friendship ethics into late Ming–early Qing China. Through a close reading of the text and a comparative study with Matteo Ricci and Alfonso Vagnone, the 65 quotations in Qiu You Pian are classified according to their sources and listed, alongside corresponding ethical principles, in six tables according to the four types of original literature. It is clear that Martino Martini tried to convey Christianized friendship ethics in his work; compared to his forerunners, he delved deeper and made the greatest contribution to importing Christianized friendship ethics into China. Full article

13 pages, 297 KB

Open AccessArticle

Morphogenesis, Structure, and Chemical Composition of Paiaguás Grass Under Different Nitrogen Doses and Deferment Periods

by Armando Alves de Carvalho, Antonio Leandro Chaves Gurgel, Miguel Arcanjo Moreira Filho, Marcos Jácome de Araújo, Tairon Pannunzio Dias-Silva, Sheila Vilarindo de Sousa, Romilda Rodrigues do Nascimento, Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo, Rayanne Amorim Ferreira, Janice Maria dos Santos, Edy Vitoria Fonseca Martins, Auanny Jeniffer de Oliveira Silva and Gelson dos Santos Difante

Plants 2026, 15(3), 341; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15030341 (registering DOI) - 23 Jan 2026

Abstract

The study evaluated the effects of nitrogen fertilization on the morphogenetic, structural, productive, and nutritional characteristics of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Paiaguás subjected to two stockpiling periods in a pot experiment. The experiment was conducted using a randomized block design in a 4 × [...] Read more.

The study evaluated the effects of nitrogen fertilization on the morphogenetic, structural, productive, and nutritional characteristics of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Paiaguás subjected to two stockpiling periods in a pot experiment. The experiment was conducted using a randomized block design in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement, with four nitrogen doses (0, 25, 50, and 75 mg N dm⁻³, applied as urea) and two stockpiling periods (80 and 120 days). Increasing nitrogen doses promoted linear increases in leaf appearance, elongation, and senescence rates, as well as tiller population density, while reducing phyllochron and leaf lifespan. Forage mass increased linearly with nitrogen, ranging from 96.25 to 113.00 g of dry matter per pot, and leaf blade mass showed a similar response. Root mass exhibited a quadratic response, with a maximum estimated value of 49.33 g pot⁻¹ at 60.18 mg N dm⁻³, this quadratic equation explained 96% of the variation in the results. No significant interaction was observed between nitrogen doses and stockpiling periods for dry matter, crude protein, mineral matter, or neutral detergent fiber contents. However, nitrogen fertilization increased crude protein content across plant fractions, with leaf crude protein rising from about 70 to over 110 g kg⁻¹ dry matter. Nitrogen fertilization at 75 mg N dm⁻³ combined with an 80-day stockpiling period improves canopy structure, forage production, and nutritional quality of Paiaguás grass, highlighting the importance of synchronizing nitrogen supply with deferment duration in deferred pasture management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Plant Physiology and Metabolism)

23 pages, 3076 KB

Open AccessReview

Water Wastage Management in Deep-Level Gold Mines: The Need for Adaptive Pressure Control

by Waldo T. Gerber, Corne S. L. Schutte, Andries G. S. Gous and Jean H. van Laar

Mining 2026, 6(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/mining6010006 (registering DOI) - 23 Jan 2026

Abstract

Water wastage management (WWM) in deep-level mines remains a critical challenge, as wastage increases operational costs and threatens sustainability. This study presents a systematic state-of-the-art review of WWM in deep-level mines. Relevant literature was critically assessed to establish current practices, identify limitations, and [...] Read more.

Water wastage management (WWM) in deep-level mines remains a critical challenge, as wastage increases operational costs and threatens sustainability. This study presents a systematic state-of-the-art review of WWM in deep-level mines. Relevant literature was critically assessed to establish current practices, identify limitations, and explore emerging solutions. Five principal approaches were identified: leak detection and repair, pressure control with fixed schedules, network optimisation, accountability measures, and smart management. While each provides benefits, significant challenges persist. Particularly, current pressure control techniques, essential for limiting leakage, rely on static demand profiles that cannot accommodate the stochastic nature of service water demand, often resulting in over- or under-supply. Smart management systems, which have proven effective for managing stochastic utilities in other industries, present a promising alternative. Enabling technologies such as sensors, automated valves, and tracking systems are already widely deployed in mining, underscoring the technical feasibility of such systems. However, no studies have yet examined their development for WWM in deep-level mines. This study recommends a framework for smart water management tailored to mining conditions and highlights three opportunities: developing real-time demand approximation methods, leveraging occupancy data for demand estimation, and integrating these models with mine water supply control infrastructure for implementation and evaluation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Mining Technology and Equipment: Innovations and Case Studies)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

23 pages, 1129 KB

Open AccessSystematic Review

The Efficacy of New Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation in Patients with Chronic Tinnitus Without Specific Treatable Origin: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

by Jiann-Jy Chen, Bing-Syuan Zeng, Chih-Wei Hsu, Brendon Stubbs, Andre R. Brunoni, Kuan-Pin Su, Yu-Kang Tu, Yi-Cheng Wu, Tien-Yu Chen, Pao-Yen Lin, Chih-Sung Liang, Shih-Pin Hsu, Hung-Chang Kuo, Yen-Wen Chen, Ping-Tao Tseng and Cheng-Ta Li

J. Otorhinolaryngol. Hear. Balance Med. 2026, 7(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/ohbm7010007 (registering DOI) - 23 Jan 2026

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Despite the high prevalence (around 4.1–37.2%) and highly debilitating adverse impact, there has been inconclusive evidence regarding the efficacy of treatment for tinnitus management, especially for those patients with tinnitus who do not have a specific or treatable origin. The aim of [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Despite the high prevalence (around 4.1–37.2%) and highly debilitating adverse impact, there has been inconclusive evidence regarding the efficacy of treatment for tinnitus management, especially for those patients with tinnitus who do not have a specific or treatable origin. The aim of this updated network meta-analysis (NMA) was to estimate the efficacy and safety of the different non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) interventions in tinnitus management in patients with chronic tinnitus without a specific or treatable origin. Methods: This NMA included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of NIBS interventions in patients with chronic tinnitus. The current NMA was conducted using the frequentist model. The primary outcome was a change in tinnitus severity after the NIBS intervention. Results: We identified 45 eligible RCTs with a total of 2042 participants. The results of the current NMA showed that both excitatory and inhibitory NIBS interventions exerted significant effects on tinnitus severity, quality of life, or response rate. While several protocols showed a signal, the top-ranked intervention was preliminary and derived from a single, small study. All the NIBS interventions had fair acceptability compared to the controls. Conclusions: This NMA highlighted that both excitatory and inhibitory NIBS interventions exerted significant effects on tinnitus severity, quality of life, and/or response rate. Future well-designed RCTs with electroencephalogram applications are needed for replication over the proclamation of efficacy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Otology and Neurotology)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 1467 KB

Open AccessArticle

Reframing the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework in Urban Crisis Contexts: Mobility, Health, Natural Capital and the Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic in São Paulo City (Brazil)

by Pedro Henrique Campello Torres, Sandra Momm, Beatriz Milz, Thais Tartalha Lombardi, Gabriel Machado Araujo, Bruna Bauer and Dorcas Nthoki Nyamai

Int. J. Environ. Med. 2026, 1(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijem1010003 (registering DOI) - 23 Jan 2026

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored and intensified existing structural inequalities, particularly in urban centers of the Global South. This paper revisits the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF), originally designed for rural contexts, proposing its adaptation to centralize mobility as a critical analytical axis in [...] Read more.

The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored and intensified existing structural inequalities, particularly in urban centers of the Global South. This paper revisits the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF), originally designed for rural contexts, proposing its adaptation to centralize mobility as a critical analytical axis in urban contexts. Through an examination of São Paulo, Brazil, we explore how mobility restrictions, access to natural capital, and health outcomes intersected during the pandemic, disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations. To explore the application of the adapted framework, we analyze two contrasting neighborhoods in São Paulo, highlighting how different urban contexts mediate the impacts of systemic crises. By integrating mobility into the SLF, we aim to provide a more nuanced tool for analyzing and addressing urban vulnerabilities in times of systemic crises. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 3869 KB

Open AccessArticle

Dynamical Graph Neural Networks for Modern Power Grid Analysis

by Shu Huang, Jining Li, Ruijiang Zeng, Zhiyong Li and Jin Xu

Electronics 2026, 15(3), 493; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15030493 (registering DOI) - 23 Jan 2026

Abstract

Modern power grids are crucial infrastructures underpinning societal stability, yet their complexity and dynamic nature pose significant challenges for traditional analytical methods. Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have recently emerged as powerful tools for modeling complex relationships in graph-structured data, making them especially suitable [...] Read more.

Modern power grids are crucial infrastructures underpinning societal stability, yet their complexity and dynamic nature pose significant challenges for traditional analytical methods. Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have recently emerged as powerful tools for modeling complex relationships in graph-structured data, making them especially suitable for analyzing power systems. However, existing GNN methods typically focus on static or simplified network models, failing to adequately address dynamic topological changes and suffering from the over-smoothing issue. To overcome these limitations, we propose a novel GNN framework incorporating dynamic message-passing mechanisms, comprising Dynamic Topological Learning (DTL) and Adaptive Message-Passing (AMP) modules. Specifically, DTL captures dynamic changes in the power grid topology conditioned on the current state of the system, while AMP dynamically adjusts the message-passing process to effectively preserve local node information according to the updated topology. This framework is model-agnostic, allowing it to be integrated with various GNN architectures. Extensive experiments on multiple benchmark power grid datasets demonstrate that our proposed framework significantly enhances existing GNN methods in power flow and optimal power flow analysis, consistently achieving lower mean absolute error and higher R-squared scores. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue AI Applications for Smart Grid)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

26 pages, 725 KB

Open AccessArticle

Unlocking GAI in Universities: Leadership-Driven Corporate Social Responsibility for Digital Sustainability

by Mostafa Aboulnour Salem and Zeyad Aly Khalil

Adm. Sci. 2026, 16(2), 58; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci16020058 (registering DOI) - 23 Jan 2026

Abstract

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has evolved into a strategic governance framework through which organisations address environmental sustainability, stakeholder expectations, and long-term institutional viability. In knowledge-intensive organisations such as universities, Green Artificial Intelligence (GAI) is increasingly recognised as an internal CSR agenda. GAI can [...] Read more.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has evolved into a strategic governance framework through which organisations address environmental sustainability, stakeholder expectations, and long-term institutional viability. In knowledge-intensive organisations such as universities, Green Artificial Intelligence (GAI) is increasingly recognised as an internal CSR agenda. GAI can reduce digital and energy-related environmental impacts while enhancing educational and operational performance. This study examines how higher education leaders, as organisational decision-makers, form intentions to adopt GAI within institutional CSR and digital sustainability strategies. It focuses specifically on leadership intentions to implement key GAI practices, including Smart Energy Management Systems, Energy-Efficient Machine Learning models, Virtual and Remote Laboratories, and AI-powered sustainability dashboards. Grounded in the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), the study investigates how performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions shape behavioural intentions to adopt GAI. Survey data were collected from higher education leaders across Saudi universities, representing diverse national and cultural backgrounds within a shared institutional context. The findings indicate that facilitating conditions, performance expectancy, and social influence significantly influence adoption intentions, whereas effort expectancy does not. Gender and cultural context also moderate several adoption pathways. Generally, the results demonstrate that adopting GAI in universities constitutes a governance-level CSR decision rather than a purely technical choice. This study advances CSR and digital sustainability research by positioning GAI as a strategic tool for responsible digital transformation and by offering actionable insights for higher education leaders and policymakers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Future of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Strategies That Connect Insights from Business, Stakeholders and the Environment)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 1839 KB

Open AccessArticle

Quantitative Ultrasound Assessment of Skeletal Muscle Microvascularity in Relation to Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations

by Nusret Seher, Lütfiye Parlak, Halil Özer, Esra Öz, Mehmet Sedat Durmaz and Mustafa Koplay

Diagnostics 2026, 16(3), 369; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16030369 (registering DOI) - 23 Jan 2026

Abstract

Background/Objective: Vitamin D plays an important role in musculoskeletal health; however, its association with skeletal muscle microvascular perfusion has not been clearly defined using quantitative imaging techniques. To investigate the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and skeletal muscle microvascularity using an [...] Read more.

Background/Objective: Vitamin D plays an important role in musculoskeletal health; however, its association with skeletal muscle microvascular perfusion has not been clearly defined using quantitative imaging techniques. To investigate the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and skeletal muscle microvascularity using an advanced ultrasound-based microvascular imaging method. Methods: In this cross-sectional study a total of 141 healthy adults were stratified into two groups according to serum 25(OH)D concentration (<20 ng/mL, n = 71; ≥20 ng/mL, n = 70). Ultra-Micro-Angiography was used to quantitatively assess the vascular index (VI), while cross-sectional area (CSA) measurements were obtained for the flexor carpi radialis, biceps brachii, and tibialis anterior muscles. Group comparisons and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed to evaluate the discriminative performance of microvascular parameters. Results: CSA values did not differ significantly between the groups. In contrast, VI values were significantly higher in participants with higher serum 25(OH)D levels across all examined muscles (p < 0.001). Among the evaluated parameters, the biceps brachii VI demonstrated excellent diagnostic performance in distinguishing between groups (AUC = 0.992; optimal cut-off = 1.25). Conclusions: Serum 25(OH)D levels are strongly associated with skeletal muscle microvascularity independent of muscle size. These findings demonstrate a strong association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and skeletal muscle microvascularity and highlight the potential of ultra-micro-angiography as a non-invasive imaging approach for detecting microvascular differences related to vitamin D status. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Medical Imaging and Theranostics)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Recent Articles

Open Access Journals

Highly Accessed Articles

Latest Books

News

Blog Posts

Topics

Selected Special Issues

Selected Collections

Journals by Subject

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI