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21 pages, 896 KB  
Article
A Graph Neural Network Model Incorporating Spatial and Temporal Information for Next-Location Prediction
by Yue-Shi Lee, Show-Jane Yen and Ren-He Wang
Electronics 2025, 14(23), 4657; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14234657 (registering DOI) - 26 Nov 2025
Abstract
With the rapid growth of smart devices and positioning technologies, spatiotemporal data has become essential for predicting user behavior. However, many existing next-location prediction models employ oversimplified temporal modeling, neglect spatial structure and semantic relationships, and fail to capture complex location interaction patterns. [...] Read more.
With the rapid growth of smart devices and positioning technologies, spatiotemporal data has become essential for predicting user behavior. However, many existing next-location prediction models employ oversimplified temporal modeling, neglect spatial structure and semantic relationships, and fail to capture complex location interaction patterns. This study proposes a graph neural network model that integrates spatiotemporal features to enhance next-location prediction. There are three components in the proposed method. The first is location feature representation which combines geocodes and location category embeddings to construct semantically enriched node representations. The second is temporal modeling which computes temporal similarity between historical trajectories and current behaviors to generate time-decay weights, thereby capturing behavioral periodicity and preference shifts. The third is preference integration which long-term historical preferences and short-term current preferences are modeled using a long short-term memory (LSTM) network and subsequently fused with spatial preferences to generate a comprehensive semantic representation encompassing both user preferences and location characteristics. Experiments on real-world trajectory datasets demonstrate that our proposed model achieves superior accuracy compared to state-of-the-art approaches in next-location prediction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancing Intelligent Digital Systems: Theory, Practice, and Security Frontiers)
20 pages, 1220 KB  
Article
Molecular Determinants of Species-Specific Interactions Between Protein Kinase R and Poxvirus K3 Orthologs
by Chorong Park, Greg Brennan, Chen Peng, Chi Zhang, Jingxin Cao, Loubna Tazi and Stefan Rothenburg
Viruses 2025, 17(12), 1550; https://doi.org/10.3390/v17121550 (registering DOI) - 26 Nov 2025
Abstract
Protein kinase R (PKR) is an antiviral protein that is involved in molecular “arms races” with viral antagonists. As a result, some PKR inhibitors, including the vaccinia virus (VACV) protein K3 and its orthologs from other poxviruses only inhibit PKRs of selected species. [...] Read more.
Protein kinase R (PKR) is an antiviral protein that is involved in molecular “arms races” with viral antagonists. As a result, some PKR inhibitors, including the vaccinia virus (VACV) protein K3 and its orthologs from other poxviruses only inhibit PKRs of selected species. We previously reported contrasting inhibition patterns of human, sheep, and cow PKRs by VACV K3 and the sheeppox virus (SPPV) K3 ortholog, SPPV 011. Here we show that the differential sensitivities of cow and sheep PKRs to VACV K3 were mediated by only two residues in PKR helix αG. In contrast, SPPV 011 sensitivities were governed by additional residues and regions. Analysis of the PKR sensitivities from 20 mammalian species to VACV K3 and SPPV 011 revealed four different sensitivity patterns: some PKRs were inhibited by only one K3 ortholog, as previously reported, whereas other PKRs were either resistant or sensitive to both inhibitors. Furthermore, we characterized a residue (K45) in VACV K3 that is involved in the species-specific inhibition of PKR. Mutating this residue increased the inhibition of sheep but not human PKR, whereas it decreased the inhibition of mouse PKR, highlighting that a single mutation in a viral protein can result in distinct species-dependent inhibition changes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Viral Strategies and Cellular Countermeasures That Regulate mRNA Access to the Translation Apparatus: 2nd Edition)
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17 pages, 811 KB  
Article
Interaction Between the VNTR of the DAT1 gene and DAT1 Methylation in Relation to Impulsivity in Combat Sports Athletes
by Remigiusz Recław, Jolanta Chmielowiec, Krzysztof Chmielowiec, Dariusz Larysz, Agnieszka Pedrycz and Anna Grzywacz
Biomedicines 2025, 13(12), 2893; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13122893 (registering DOI) - 26 Nov 2025
Abstract
Background: Dopaminergic signaling is a key mechanism in behavioral regulation and impulse control. While DAT1 promoter methylation has been linked to behavioral dysregulation in clinical groups, its role in high-functioning populations such as elite athletes remains unclear. Objectives: To compare DAT1 promoter methylation, [...] Read more.
Background: Dopaminergic signaling is a key mechanism in behavioral regulation and impulse control. While DAT1 promoter methylation has been linked to behavioral dysregulation in clinical groups, its role in high-functioning populations such as elite athletes remains unclear. Objectives: To compare DAT1 promoter methylation, DAT1 VNTR genotype, and impulsivity between elite combat sport athletes and matched controls, and to assess potential gene–environment interactions. Methods: The study included 209 male participants (100 elite combat athletes, 109 controls). Methylation of 33 CpG sites within the DAT1 promoter was quantified from peripheral blood DNA. DAT1 VNTR genotypes were determined via PCR and gel electrophoresis. Impulsivity was assessed using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11). Group differences and interactions were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), non-parametric tests, and post hoc comparisons. Results: Athletes displayed significantly higher overall DAT1 promoter methylation and lower impulsivity scores across all BIS-11 subscales compared with controls. A significant group × genotype interaction for methylation indicated genotype-specific epigenetic differences by athletic status. No differences in VNTR genotype or allele frequencies were observed. Conclusions: Elevated DAT1 promoter methylation in elite athletes may be associated with enhanced behavioral control, potentially reflecting neurobiological adaptations to high-intensity training. These results highlight the need to integrate genetic and epigenetic perspectives in sports science. Longitudinal and multi-omics studies are warranted to determine causal links and evaluate the potential of epigenetic markers as indicators of performance-related traits. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Unraveling the Epigenetic Blueprint: Exploring DNA Methylation and Its Integration with Omics in Health and Disease)
33 pages, 1401 KB  
Article
Increasing Valley Retention as an Element of Water Management: The Opinion of Residents of Southeastern Poland
by Krzysztof Kud and Aleksandra Badora
Resources 2025, 14(12), 181; https://doi.org/10.3390/resources14120181 (registering DOI) - 26 Nov 2025
Abstract
This study presents the results of an analysis of public perceptions of flood safety and river valley management in southeastern Poland. The aim of the study was to identify sociodemographic and spatial factors influencing preferences for two distinct river valley management models: the [...] Read more.
This study presents the results of an analysis of public perceptions of flood safety and river valley management in southeastern Poland. The aim of the study was to identify sociodemographic and spatial factors influencing preferences for two distinct river valley management models: the traditional, technical model (a strategy to move water away from people, MWAfP), and the ecosystem-based model (leaving space for the river, LSfR). A diagnostic survey was employed using a custom-designed questionnaire completed by 563 respondents residing in southeastern Poland. The research tool enabled the identification of flood risk perceptions and attitudes toward retention and flood control solutions. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and exploratory analysis was conducted to identify clusters of respondents and to test for differences between groups. Correlation analysis between items was performed, and a model of determinants of river valley management strategy selection was calculated using logistic regression. The results enabled the identification of three dominant perception clusters, reflecting diverse approaches to hydrological safety and environmental adaptation. The calculated logistic regression model includes a number of factors, among which significant determinants of the LSfR strategy selection include level of education, belief in the need to slow water runoff from the catchment, and support for the cultivation of permanent meadows in floodplains. The applied methodological approach allows for a comprehensive assessment of the social determinants of flood risk perception and supports the development of adaptive water management strategies in flood-prone areas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Advances in Water and Soil Management Towards Climate Change Adaptation)
22 pages, 2985 KB  
Article
Study on Oscillation Characteristics and Flow Field Effects in Submerged Pulsed Water Jet
by Chao Feng, Kunkun Li and Lingrong Kong
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(23), 12558; https://doi.org/10.3390/app152312558 (registering DOI) - 26 Nov 2025
Abstract
The self-excited oscillation pulsed waterjet (SOPW) offers simplicity and effective pressure source separation, making it widely utilized. This study investigates the oscillation characteristics and flow field effects of SOPW generated by a Helmholtz nozzle. A transfer function model for the nozzle is established, [...] Read more.
The self-excited oscillation pulsed waterjet (SOPW) offers simplicity and effective pressure source separation, making it widely utilized. This study investigates the oscillation characteristics and flow field effects of SOPW generated by a Helmholtz nozzle. A transfer function model for the nozzle is established, and the natural frequency is found to correlate with structural parameters such as the oscillation chamber’s cross-sectional area, length, and downstream nozzle diameter. Numerical simulations reveal optimal structural parameters that closely match experimental results, with errors under 15%. Notably, submerged pulsed jets exhibit faster velocity decay compared to non-submerged jets. Additionally, the study examines the effect of area discontinuity at the nozzle inlet on axial velocity, showing that the area enlargement or contraction enhances velocity at lower pressures but inhibits it at higher pressures. This work advances the understanding of nozzle design and the flow field behavior of SOPW. Full article
24 pages, 12255 KB  
Article
Framework for Processing of CRISM Hyperspectral Data for Global Martian Mineralogy
by Dominik Hürland, Alexander Pletl, Michael Fernandes and Benedikt Elser
Remote Sens. 2025, 17(23), 3831; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17233831 (registering DOI) - 26 Nov 2025
Abstract
Hyperspectral data from CRISM have proven invaluable for analyzing the mineralogical composition of the Martian surface. However, processing such datasets remains challenging due to their high dimensionality and systematic noise, such as striping artifacts caused by the pushbroom imaging technique. Building on previous [...] Read more.
Hyperspectral data from CRISM have proven invaluable for analyzing the mineralogical composition of the Martian surface. However, processing such datasets remains challenging due to their high dimensionality and systematic noise, such as striping artifacts caused by the pushbroom imaging technique. Building on previous research, this study introduces a framework that forms the basis for an automated pipeline that combines preprocessing, dimensionality reduction using UMAP, k-means clustering, and an adaptive stripe correction filter to generate mineral maps of the Martian surface. Additionally, the pipeline integrates a noise variance estimation step based on PCA to assess the feasibility and expected efficacy of stripe removal before applying the filter. We validate the methodology across multiple CRISM datasets, including regions such as Jezero Crater, Nili Fossae, and Mawrth Vallis. Comparative analyses using metrics such as the CH index, DB index, and SC demonstrate improved clustering performance and robust mineralogical mapping, which indicates a step toward more reliable and automated clustering of CRISM data. Furthermore, the pipeline leverages spectral libraries for automated mineral classification, yielding results comparable to expert-defined maps while addressing discrepancies caused by residual noise or clustering limitations. This study represents a step toward fully automated, scalable geospatial analysis of CRISM Martian surface data, offering a robust framework for processing large hyperspectral datasets and supporting future planetary exploration missions. In the future, we intend to deploy an automated analysis pipeline as a freely accessible web service. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Remote Sensing Image Processing)
16 pages, 713 KB  
Article
In Silico Hypothesis Testing in Drug Discovery: Using Quantitative Systems Pharmacology Modeling to Evaluate the Therapeutic Value of Proinsulin Conversion to Insulin Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
by Maria E. Trujillo, Yue Han, Rebecca A. Baillie, Michael C. Weis, Douglas Chung, Sean Hayes, Paul E. Carrington and Michael Reed
Pharmaceutics 2025, 17(12), 1522; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17121522 (registering DOI) - 26 Nov 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Proinsulin, the precursor to insulin, has limited activity on the insulin receptor. Proinsulin levels increase with increasing insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes due to incomplete processing by the β-cell. To assess whether the development of peptides that could convert circulating [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Proinsulin, the precursor to insulin, has limited activity on the insulin receptor. Proinsulin levels increase with increasing insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes due to incomplete processing by the β-cell. To assess whether the development of peptides that could convert circulating proinsulin to insulin in the blood would provide therapeutic value, we used a quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) model of glucose homeostasis. In silico hypothesis testing such as this is an example of how modeling can inform decisions in drug discovery. Methods: In silico hypothesis testing involved (1) the addition and qualification of proinsulin biology into a preexisting QSP model, (2) the creation and validation of virtual patients (VPs) for subpopulations of type 2 diabetics based on phenotypic traits, and (3) the simulation of clinical trials evaluating the therapeutic value of the conversion of circulating proinsulin to insulin in the VPs created. Results: Proinsulin conversion led to a ~0.2% reduction in HbA1c in VPs at varying stages of diabetes, a decrease that does not hold meaningful therapeutic value. The lack of significant impact on HbA1c was likely a result of the surprisingly small effect on plasma insulin levels from proinsulin, which has a significantly slower secretion and clearance rate. Although patients with higher proinsulin/insulin ratios showed the largest reductions, clinically significant ≥ 0.5% reduction in HbA1c required ratios of proinsulin/insulin above the reported physiological range. Conclusions: This effort demonstrates how in silico hypothesis testing using QSP modeling can provide insights on the probability of success of novel interventions with minimal time and resources. These efficiencies are a means of overcoming the pressures on the pharmaceutical industry to do more with less in providing therapies that improve the lives of patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue In Silico Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) Modeling)
21 pages, 1069 KB  
Article
Deconstructing Therapeutic Failure with Inhaled Therapy in Hospitalized Patients: Phenotypes, Risk Profiles, and Clinical Inertia
by Myriam Calle Rubio, Soha Esmaili, Juan Luis Rodríguez Hermosa, Iman Esmaili, Pedro José Adami Teppa, Miriam García Carro, José Carlos Tallón Martínez, Ángel Nieto Sánchez, Consolación Riesco Rubio, Laura Fernández Cortés, María Morales Dueñas, Valeria Chamorro del Barrio and Xinyi Gao
Biomedicines 2025, 13(12), 2892; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13122892 (registering DOI) - 26 Nov 2025
Abstract
Background: Hospitalized patients on chronic inhaled therapy suffer high rates of therapeutic failure. Current approaches often overlook patient heterogeneity, treating failure as a uniform problem. We hypothesized that clinical inertia, a key driver of failure, is not a monolithic entity but is [...] Read more.
Background: Hospitalized patients on chronic inhaled therapy suffer high rates of therapeutic failure. Current approaches often overlook patient heterogeneity, treating failure as a uniform problem. We hypothesized that clinical inertia, a key driver of failure, is not a monolithic entity but is governed by specific, non-overlapping factors. Methods: In this unicentric, observational cohort study of 499 hospitalized adults on chronic inhaled therapy, we used unsupervised clustering to identify patient phenotypes. Multivariable logistic regression was used to model predictors of critical inhaler errors and three distinct forms of clinical inertia: Therapeutic Class (TCI), Device-Level (DLI), and Adherence-Related (ARI). Results: Inhaler misuse was driven by objective capability—deficient knowledge (aOR 6.03, 95% CI 2.88–12.64) and low inspiratory flow (aOR 3.11, 95% CI 1.06–9.12)—while patient-reported adherence was not a significant independent predictor. Crucially, the three forms of clinical inertia were governed by distinct, non-overlapping predictors: TCI was predicted by high therapeutic potency (aOR 7.80, 95% CI 3.65–16.64), DLI by a failure in the clinical process (lack of patient training, aOR 3.49, 95% CI 1.21–10.03), and ARI by regimen complexity (aOR 0.06, 95% CI 0.02–0.25). Post-discharge mortality (21.6% overall; 25.8% in Cluster 1 vs. 18.3% in Cluster 2) was independently predicted by objective risk factors, including older age (aOR 1.51, 95% CI 1.20–1.89) and an unassessed inspiratory flow (aOR 2.44, 95% CI 1.19–5.03). Two underlying patient phenotypes were identified—an “Unassessed/Older” (n = 225) and an “Assessed/Younger” (n = 274)—which represented distinct in-hospital care pathways but did not independently predict mortality after multivariate adjustment. Conclusions: Therapeutic failure in hospitalized patients is a predictable outcome driven by distinct, non-overlapping factors. This study deconstructs this failure by identifying the specific, actionable drivers of inhaler misuse (patient capability) and the three forms of clinical inertia (therapeutic potency, failures in the care process, and regimen complexity). These processes occur within two distinct patient phenotypes that represent different in-hospital care pathways. Our findings provide a new framework to move beyond generic interventions toward a more precise, evidence-based approach to inhaled therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular and Translational Medicine)
28 pages, 3931 KB  
Article
Evaluating Strategies to Mitigate the GHG Emissions at Construction Sites Against Contractor Costs
by Lea Hasselsteen, Aleksander Probst Otovic, Simone Winter-Madsen, Harpa Birgisdóttir and Kai Kanafani
Buildings 2025, 15(23), 4284; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15234284 (registering DOI) - 26 Nov 2025
Abstract
The construction phase of buildings contributes significantly to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, yet mitigation strategies within the contractor’s scope—particularly those affecting transport, on-site energy use, and waste—remain underexplored in life cycle assessments (LCAs). This study develops a modelling framework to evaluate 20 mitigation [...] Read more.
The construction phase of buildings contributes significantly to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, yet mitigation strategies within the contractor’s scope—particularly those affecting transport, on-site energy use, and waste—remain underexplored in life cycle assessments (LCAs). This study develops a modelling framework to evaluate 20 mitigation strategies targeting modules A4 and A5 of the LCA, using a generalised business-as-usual (BAU) scenario derived from 15 representative archetypes based on 279 built projects and weighted by national construction statistics. Monte Carlo simulations are applied to capture variability in material composition and component distribution, and marginal abatement cost analysis is used to assess cost-effectiveness. The results show that transport-related strategies offer the highest mitigation potential under Danish conditions with minimal or negative costs, while waste strategies provide moderate reductions and often result in net savings. Energy strategies, though impactful in percentage terms, tend to have lower absolute reductions and higher costs. The applicability of strategies varies across building sizes, with economies of scale influencing feasibility. The modelling framework offers a structured basis for comparing mitigation actions by climate benefit and cost-efficiency, supporting strategic planning for low-carbon construction, while recognising that practical implementation depends on project-specific and organisational factors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Built Environments and Environmental Buildings: 2nd Edition)
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16 pages, 1663 KB  
Article
Development of an Extraction Process for Niobium Pentoxide from Columbite Using Sodium Carbonate and Boric Acid
by Ramon Silveira, Lucio Rosso Neto, Felipe Fardin Grillo, José Roberto de Oliveira, Matheus Vinicius Gregory Zimmermann, Mateus Milanez, Tiago Elias Allievi Frizon, Jorge Luis Coleti, Agenor De Noni, Jr. and Eduardo Junca
Minerals 2025, 15(12), 1254; https://doi.org/10.3390/min15121254 (registering DOI) - 26 Nov 2025
Abstract
The aim of this study was to initiate the development of a route for the extraction of niobium oxide from columbite ore using sodium carbonate and boric acid. Initially, the columbite ore was characterized. Eight formulations were prepared to investigate the proportion of [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to initiate the development of a route for the extraction of niobium oxide from columbite ore using sodium carbonate and boric acid. Initially, the columbite ore was characterized. Eight formulations were prepared to investigate the proportion of sodium carbonate to boric acid. The fusions were carried out at 900 °C for 60 min. Afterwards, magnetic separation was performed to remove the iron present in the formulations. From the non-magnetic fraction, water leaching was conducted to investigate the effects of temperature, time, and solid-to-liquid ratio. Finally, the product obtained from water leaching was calcined to obtain niobium oxide. The results indicated that the addition of boric acid contributed to reducing both viscosity and fusion temperature, favoring the release of niobium. The water leaching step showed an inverse dependence on the solid-to-liquid ratio, meaning that decreasing the solid content and increasing the water content favored the solubilization of niobium-containing phases. Temperature and time did not have a statistically significant effect on the leaching process. At the end of the route, niobium oxide was obtained as the final product, confirmed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Extraction Processes for Critical Metals from Non-Metallurgical Resources)
25 pages, 2760 KB  
Article
Metabolic Pathway Analysis in Chicken Induced by Selenium-Enriched Yeast: Insights from Flavoromics and Metabolomics
by Dan Fei, Min Xie, Daojie Li, Yelan Guang and Yaomin Zhou
Foods 2025, 14(23), 4060; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14234060 (registering DOI) - 26 Nov 2025
Abstract
Flavoromics and metabolomics were used to evaluate the effects of selenium-enriched yeast (SEY) in hen feed on the volatile flavor and nutritional quality indicators in the resulting chicken meats. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were analyzed using GC-MS and odor activity value calculations. Ninety-eight [...] Read more.
Flavoromics and metabolomics were used to evaluate the effects of selenium-enriched yeast (SEY) in hen feed on the volatile flavor and nutritional quality indicators in the resulting chicken meats. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were analyzed using GC-MS and odor activity value calculations. Ninety-eight VOCs were identified. The treatment group had more abundant VOCs, with mainly increased fat, mushroom, fruit, and vanilla odor. Modulating the nutritional profile of chicken meat through SEY feed can reduce saturated fatty acid levels, increase unsaturated fatty acid levels, and significantly reduce cholesterol levels in Dongxiang green-shell chicken (DX). Metabolomics analysis has elucidated the potential mechanisms, whereby adding SEY to the diet of DX reduces cholesterol levels through secondary bile acid biosynthesis pathways. Its related metabolic changes may also directly or indirectly promote the formation of key substances that give meat its flavor. Adding SEY to the diet of Jingfen laying hens affects the muscle metabolism environment via the propanoate metabolism pathway, increasing the grassy notes of chicken meat while reducing its gamey taste. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Foodomics)
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19 pages, 6570 KB  
Article
Adaptive Fuzzy Fixed-Time Trajectory Tracking Control for a Piezoelectric-Driven Microinjector
by Rungeng Zhang, Zehao Wu, Weijian Zhang and Qingsong Xu
Micromachines 2025, 16(12), 1332; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16121332 (registering DOI) - 26 Nov 2025
Abstract
This paper proposes an adaptive fuzzy fixed-time control (AF-FxT-C) scheme for a piezoelectric-driven microinjector. The inherent hysteresis of the piezoelectric actuator is treated as an unknown nonlinearity. A fuzzy logic system is employed to approximate this hysteresis, along with other lumped disturbances, while [...] Read more.
This paper proposes an adaptive fuzzy fixed-time control (AF-FxT-C) scheme for a piezoelectric-driven microinjector. The inherent hysteresis of the piezoelectric actuator is treated as an unknown nonlinearity. A fuzzy logic system is employed to approximate this hysteresis, along with other lumped disturbances, while an adaptive law is designed to improve approximation accuracy. To address the challenge of inconsistent initial states caused by frequent start-stop operations, a fixed-time control law is developed via a second-order backstepping approach. This guarantees that the upper bound of the system’s settling time is independent of the initial conditions, which is a claim rigorously substantiated by a theoretical stability analysis. The simulation and experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The method also maintains robust tracking performance across reference signals of varying frequencies and amplitudes, demonstrating its potential for industrial microinjection applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design and Real Time Implementation of Intelligent Control Schemes for Actuators)
18 pages, 2229 KB  
Article
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in Children with Malignancies or After Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: A Polish Nationwide Study
by Tomasz Brzeski, Wanda Badowska, Katarzyna Mycko, Patrycja Tyszka, Martyna Korzeniewicz, Julia Kolodrubiec, Wojciech Mlynarski, Karolina Gawle-Krawczyk, Katarzyna Koch, Pawel Laguna, Aleksandra Kiermasz, Agnieszka Mizia-Malarz, Marta Malczewska, Katarzyna Drabko, Anna Malecka, Ninela Irga-Jaworska, Patrycja Marciniak-Stepak, Katarzyna Derwich, Jacek Wachowiak, Magdalena Bartnik, Tomasz Ociepa, Tomasz Urasinski, Malgorzata Sawicka-Zukowska, Maryna Krawczuk-Rybak, Grzegorz Waliszczak, Walentyna Balwierz, Szymon Skoczen, Tomasz Jarmolinski, Krzysztof Kalwak, Iwona Ruranska, Tomasz Szczepanski, Wioletta Bal, Radosław Chaber, Magdalena Tarasinska, Bozenna Dembowska-Baginska, Agnieszka Chodala-Grzywacz, Grazyna Karolczyk, Sonia Pajak, Monika Richert-Przygonska, Krzysztof Czyzewski and Jan Styczynskiadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Cancers 2025, 17(23), 3789; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17233789 (registering DOI) - 26 Nov 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The objective of this study was to analyze the clinical and laboratory features, management, outcomes, and complications of PRES in children with malignancies or following hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Methods: This was a multicenter retrospective analysis of PRES episodes diagnosed [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The objective of this study was to analyze the clinical and laboratory features, management, outcomes, and complications of PRES in children with malignancies or following hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Methods: This was a multicenter retrospective analysis of PRES episodes diagnosed between 2014 and 2022 in Polish pediatric hematology and oncology (PHO) centers and HCT units. The study included 438 patients treated for malignancy or post-HCT: 120 with PRES (study group) and 318 without PRES (control group). Results: PRES was diagnosed in children aged 1.7–16.5 years (median = 7.7 years). The most common underlying diagnosis was ALL (76.7%; n = 92). Symptoms of PRES included disturbances of consciousness (84.2%), seizures (80.0%), hypertension (74.2%), apathy (64.2%), abdominal pain (45.0%), visual disturbances (28.3%), and headaches (26.7%). Electrolyte abnormalities were observed in 75.0% of children, most commonly hyponatremia (49.2%) and hypokalemia (37.5%). Children with PRES were more likely to require admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) than controls (50.0% vs. 29.6%, p < 0.001). The most frequent long-term complications of PRES were hypertension (22.5%) and epilepsy (20.8%). Among PHO patients, those with PRES had significantly lower DFS (76.7% vs. 93.7%, p < 0.001) and OS (79.2% vs. 93.4%, p < 0.001). In the HCT group, PRES was also associated with lower DFS (40.0% vs. 83.3%, p = 0.012) and OS (40.0% vs. 77.8%, p = 0.047). Conclusions: PRES is a significant complication of oncological and transplant treatment in children. Its occurrence was associated with worse overall and disease-free survival. We proposed a predictive index for PRES, diagnostic criteria, and a revised name for this syndrome. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Pediatric Oncology)
14 pages, 2525 KB  
Article
New Electromagnetic Shielding Materials Based on Viscose/Maghemite/Goethite/Polysiloxane
by Razvan Rotaru, Elena Ungureanu, Bogdan M. Tofănică, Ovidiu C. Ungureanu and Maria E. Fortună
Inorganics 2025, 13(12), 388; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics13120388 (registering DOI) - 26 Nov 2025
Abstract
In this study, we present a convenient approach for the preparation of viscose, maghemite, goethite, and poly(methylhydro-dimethyl)siloxane hybrid materials possessing electromagnetic shielding properties, thermal stability, strong magnetization, and very good hydrophobicity. The chemical compositions, morphologies, thermal properties, magnetic measurements, wettability, and dielectric properties [...] Read more.
In this study, we present a convenient approach for the preparation of viscose, maghemite, goethite, and poly(methylhydro-dimethyl)siloxane hybrid materials possessing electromagnetic shielding properties, thermal stability, strong magnetization, and very good hydrophobicity. The chemical compositions, morphologies, thermal properties, magnetic measurements, wettability, and dielectric properties of the prepared composites and pristine precursors were thoroughly investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), thermal degradation (TG, DTG, and DTA), magnetic measurements (magnetization, thermomagnetic curves, relative magnetic permeability), and dielectric spectrometry. Moreover, the electromagnetic shielding properties of pristine viscose and the final composite were assessed. Full article
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24 pages, 1445 KB  
Review
Multimodality Imaging in Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Can Echocardiography Learn from Cardiac Magnetic Resonance?
by Francesco Mangini, Massimo Grimaldi, Francesco Spinelli, Santo Dellegrottaglie, Antonio Di Monaco, Simona Quarta, Grazia Casavecchia, Matteo Gravina, Vincenzo Bellomo, Luca Sgarra, Sergio Suma, Gaetano Citarelli, Enrica Filograna, Robert W. W. Biederman and Roberto Calbi
Diagnostics 2025, 15(23), 3013; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15233013 (registering DOI) - 26 Nov 2025
Abstract
Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a distinctive and often under-recognized variant of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, characterized by predominant thickening of the apical segments of the left ventricle. Echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging represent the two principal modalities for diagnosis and morphological assessment. While transthoracic [...] Read more.
Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a distinctive and often under-recognized variant of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, characterized by predominant thickening of the apical segments of the left ventricle. Echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging represent the two principal modalities for diagnosis and morphological assessment. While transthoracic echocardiography remains the first-line imaging technique, it may underestimate apical involvement, particularly when image foreshortening or poor endocardial/epicardial delineation occurs. Cardiac magnetic resonance has become the reference standard for defining apical morphology, quantifying hypertrophy, and characterizing myocardial tissue and perfusion. Beyond its diagnostic role, magnetic resonance serves as a research platform for the identification of new apical-centric criteria which, after appropriate validation, may be translated into echocardiographic practice. Echocardiography, however, retains unique strengths through its real-time evaluation of cardiac dynamics, ready-to-use approach to diastolic function assessment, and its ability to identify subtle apical or para-apical obstructive gradients that may raise the initial diagnostic suspicion. This review underscores the complementary roles of the two modalities and the multiple domains in which transthoracic echocardiography can derive substantial methodological and conceptual benefit from cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, both in imaging methodology and in the refinement of diagnostic evaluation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Non-Invasive Diagnostic Technologies for Heart Diseases)
11 pages, 472 KB  
Article
Impact of Exposure to Disinfectants on Presence of Efflux Pump Genes and Antibiotic Resistance Profiles in Escherichia coli Isolates
by Fernanda Borges Barbosa, Beatriz Rodrigues Takeda, Gabriella Garcia Ilion Vicentini, Gabriel Gandolfi, Victória Galdino Pavlenco Rocha, Leticia Soares Franco, Marcos Paulo Vieira Cunha and Terezinha Knöbl
Microorganisms 2025, 13(12), 2700; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13122700 (registering DOI) - 26 Nov 2025
Abstract
Disinfectant tolerance in bacteria may be related to exposure to subinhibitory concentrations of disinfectants, which may activate efflux pumps capable of expelling antimicrobial compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of disinfection on the presence of efflux pump genes [...] Read more.
Disinfectant tolerance in bacteria may be related to exposure to subinhibitory concentrations of disinfectants, which may activate efflux pumps capable of expelling antimicrobial compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of disinfection on the presence of efflux pump genes and the resistance profile of Escherichia coli from commercial laying farms employing different disinfection protocols. The emrE, qacE, qacEΔ1, qacH, sugE(c), ydgE, ydgF, and class 1 integron (intl1) genes were investigated using PCR. Susceptibility to 17 antibiotics was assessed, including β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and tetracyclines. Disinfectant exposure was significantly associated with higher frequencies of qacE and qacH, and a reduced frequency of ydgF. Moreover, resistance to ampicillin, trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, and doxycycline was significantly more frequent in E. coli isolated from chickens exposed to disinfectants. These findings indicate that disinfectant use can select for E. coli carrying efflux pump genes and resistance genes, favoring the survival and dissemination of tolerant and resistant strains in poultry production. Continuous monitoring and the development of disinfection strategies that minimize selective pressures are crucial for limiting the spread of antimicrobial resistance at the animal–human–environment interface. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bacterial Infections and Antibiotic Resistance in Veterinary Medicine, 2nd Edition)
13 pages, 620 KB  
Review
Ex Vivo Gene and Cell Therapy in Hematopoietic Stem Cells
by Irina O. Petrova and Svetlana A. Smirnikhina
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(23), 11466; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262311466 (registering DOI) - 26 Nov 2025
Abstract
Ex vivo cell and gene therapy is a prospective approach to treatment of genetic diseases. To date, one of the most prevalent examples of genetically engineered cell therapies is hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). This mini review is focused on HSPC therapy methods that [...] Read more.
Ex vivo cell and gene therapy is a prospective approach to treatment of genetic diseases. To date, one of the most prevalent examples of genetically engineered cell therapies is hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). This mini review is focused on HSPC therapy methods that have been approved for medical use. Most gene therapy methods rely on the lentiviral integration of the gene into the target cell genome, as lentiviruses are extremely effective, particularly in transduction of non-dividing cells. In this constantly evolving field, it is important to find the balance between safety concerns and efficiency. Analyzing cases of several diseases, for which ex vivo gene therapy was developed, we strive to understand which factors are crucial to success and what the potential drawbacks are. Although in general, viral gene integration demonstrates a considerable therapeutic effect, it has oncogenic potential. Development of self-inactivating vectors was a breakthrough in regard to safety, but the possibility of oncogenesis remains, and strict analysis of integration sites is required. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Biology)
14 pages, 935 KB  
Article
A Low Red/Far-Red Light Ratio Promotes a Reduction in Time from Sowing to Flowering in Wheat Under Speed Breeding Conditions
by Valeriya M. Nagamova, Daria O. Bizyakina, Andrey O. Blinkov, Yana V. Minkova, Nataliya Yu. Svistunova, Svetlana Radzeniece, Aleksey S. Yanovsky, Alina A. Kocheshkova and Mikhail G. Divashuk
Plants 2025, 14(23), 3614; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14233614 (registering DOI) - 26 Nov 2025
Abstract
Conventional methods for obtaining pure durum wheat lines are time-consuming and low-throughput, making speed breeding (SB) a promising alternative. This study investigated SB optimization using far-red (FR) light. Plants were grown under three red/far-red (R/FR) ratios (6.6, 1.0, 0.4) and on three substrates [...] Read more.
Conventional methods for obtaining pure durum wheat lines are time-consuming and low-throughput, making speed breeding (SB) a promising alternative. This study investigated SB optimization using far-red (FR) light. Plants were grown under three red/far-red (R/FR) ratios (6.6, 1.0, 0.4) and on three substrates (peat, soil mixture, mineral wool). Reducing the R/FR ratio significantly accelerated flowering, with the most substantial reduction (R/FR = 0.4) shortening the time to flowering by 4.1–4.2 days. The extent of this acceleration and a concurrent negative impact on spike productivity (vegetative weight of dried spikes, the number of spikelets, and the number of grains per spike) were both dependent on the substrate type. Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between the duration of the sowing-to-flowering period and spike productivity components (spike length and number of grains per spike). Increasing the proportion of FR light enhanced the 1000-grain weight and did not affect the germination rate or regenerative capacity. Modifying the SB for durum wheat by adding FR light (R/FR = 0.4) is a useful strategy for increasing its efficiency, and the negative impact of FR light can be mitigated by adjusting mineral nutrition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Plant Physiology and Metabolism)
12 pages, 5475 KB  
Article
Dynamics and Formation of Antiferromagnetic Textures in MnBi2Te4 Single Crystal
by Min Gyu Kim, Starr Boney, Luke Burgard, Lillian Rutowski and Claudio Mazzoli
Materials 2025, 18(23), 5337; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18235337 (registering DOI) - 26 Nov 2025
Abstract
We report coherent X-ray imaging of antiferromagnetic (AFM) domains and domain walls in MnBi2Te4, an intrinsic AFM topological insulator. This technique enables direct visualization of domain morphology without reconstruction algorithms, allowing us to resolve antiphase domain walls as distinct [...] Read more.
We report coherent X-ray imaging of antiferromagnetic (AFM) domains and domain walls in MnBi2Te4, an intrinsic AFM topological insulator. This technique enables direct visualization of domain morphology without reconstruction algorithms, allowing us to resolve antiphase domain walls as distinct dark lines arising from the A-type AFM structure. The wall width is determined to be 550(30) nm, in good agreement with earlier magnetic force microscopy results. The temperature dependence of the AFM order parameter extracted from our images closely follows previous neutron scattering data. Remarkably, however, we find a pronounced hysteresis in the evolution of domains and domain walls: upon cooling, dynamic reorganizations occur within a narrow ∼1 K interval below TN, whereas upon warming, the domain configuration remains largely unchanged until AFM order disappears. These findings reveal a complex energy landscape in MnBi2Te4, governed by the interplay of exchange, anisotropy, and domain-wall energies, and underscore the critical role of AFM domain-wall dynamics in shaping its physical properties. These sharply defined and hysteretically evolving walls may provide a controllable AFM texture in MnBi2Te4, hinting at potential use in low-power spintronic devices based on domain-wall dynamics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Metals and Alloys)
18 pages, 2737 KB  
Article
E-Cadherin Regulates HIF1-α In Vitro in Induced 3D Spheroid Models of Human Breast Cancer Through Both mTOR and Notch1 Signaling
by Yin Ye, Dollada Srisai and Sanford H. Barsky
Biomedicines 2025, 13(12), 2890; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13122890 (registering DOI) - 26 Nov 2025
Abstract
Background: Both spontaneous and induced 3D spheroid models are among many in vitro models that recapitulate aspects of in vivo cancers. Although numerous studies have described the spatiotemporal relevance of these 3D models, there has been a paucity of studies investigating the [...] Read more.
Background: Both spontaneous and induced 3D spheroid models are among many in vitro models that recapitulate aspects of in vivo cancers. Although numerous studies have described the spatiotemporal relevance of these 3D models, there has been a paucity of studies investigating the signaling pathways that are activated during spheroidgenesis. Methods: Since in vitro 3D spheroidgenesis is thought to reflect at least some of the in vivo aspects of cancer biology (which undoubtedly involve cell adhesion, metabolism, and hypoxia-related pathways) and since we previously investigated these pathways in a model of spontaneous spheroidgenesis, this present study investigates these pathways in a model of induced spheroidgenesis with comparative studies involving a series of well-known E-cadherin-positive (MCF-7, HTB-126, HTB-27) and E-cadherin-negative (MDA-MB-468, MDA-MB-231, BT-549) human breast carcinoma cell lines. Results: Our findings demonstrate that during early induced spheroidgenesis, E-cadherin regulates hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) predominantly through PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling and to a lesser extent through Notch1 signaling. Both the knockout of E-cadherin and calpain-mediated E-cadherin proteolysis result in a remarkable reduction in HIF-1α. Conclusions: 3D spheroid models recapitulate, in part, some of the in vivo stages of cancer progression, which include primary tumor clusters, lymphovascular emboli, and micrometastases, the signaling pathways present in these 3D spheroid models likely have relevance in vivo. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Research in Breast Cancer)
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12 pages, 7374 KB  
Article
Evaluation of Pollination Potential in ‘Jinfeng’ Kiwifruit Seedling Male Plants Based on Floral Traits and Pollen Viability
by Yanyan Chen, Shilong Qian, Jiliang Dai, Jikang Shi, Hui Tu, Chenxi Le, Junjie Tao and Chunhui Huang
Horticulturae 2025, 11(12), 1432; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae11121432 (registering DOI) - 26 Nov 2025
Abstract
This study systematically assessed floral phenotypic traits, pollen viability, and ultrastructure in 120 male progeny of Actinidia chinensis ‘Jinfeng’. We documented floral features, measured pollen viability using Alexander staining and germination tests, and analyzed pollen morphology through scanning electron microscopy. Correlation analyses examined [...] Read more.
This study systematically assessed floral phenotypic traits, pollen viability, and ultrastructure in 120 male progeny of Actinidia chinensis ‘Jinfeng’. We documented floral features, measured pollen viability using Alexander staining and germination tests, and analyzed pollen morphology through scanning electron microscopy. Correlation analyses examined relationships between pollen viability and floral or pollen morphological traits. Results showed uniform qualitative floral traits but significant variation in quantitative traits. Pollen viability ranged widely (0.3–100%, CV = 43.60%) with consistent outcomes across assessment methods. Pollen grains were mainly prolate to perprolate with three germination furrows, polar axis length (P) ranged from 25.34 to 34.62 μm, equatorial axis length (E) ranged from 11.72 to 16.17 μm, and colpus length ranged from 20.6 to 30.58 μm. Viability was not correlated with quantitative floral traits or anther color but was significantly positively correlated with the polar/equatorial diameter ratio (P/E ratio, r = 0.622), indicating higher viability in perprolate pollen (P/E > 2.0). This study highlights significant genetic diversity in ‘Jinfeng’ male progeny and establishes a relationship between pollen morphology and viability in kiwifruit, providing a theoretical and practical basis for male selection and a foundation for pollen morphology research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Cultivation and Breeding of Kiwifruit)
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26 pages, 2490 KB  
Article
An AI-Driven TiO2-NiFeC-PEM Microbial Electrolyzer for In Situ Hydrogen Generation from POME Using a ZnO/PVA-EDLOSC Nanocomposite Photovoltaic Panel
by Ataur Rahman Md, Mohamad Qatu, Hassan Labib, Rafia Afroz, Mehdi Ghatus and Sany Ihsan
Nanoenergy Adv. 2025, 5(4), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/nanoenergyadv5040018 (registering DOI) - 26 Nov 2025
Abstract
Electrolysis and biological processes, such as fermentation and microbial electrolysis cells, offer efficient hydrogen production alongside wastewater treatment. This study presents a novel microbial electrolyzer (ME) comprising a titanium dioxide (TiO2) anode, a nickel–iron–carbon (NiFeC) cathode, and a cellulose nanocrystal proton [...] Read more.
Electrolysis and biological processes, such as fermentation and microbial electrolysis cells, offer efficient hydrogen production alongside wastewater treatment. This study presents a novel microbial electrolyzer (ME) comprising a titanium dioxide (TiO2) anode, a nickel–iron–carbon (NiFeC) cathode, and a cellulose nanocrystal proton exchange membrane (CNC-PEM) designed to generate hydrogen from palm oil mill effluent (POME). The system is powered by a 12 V electric double-layer organic supercapacitor (EDLOSC) integrated with a ZnO/PVA-based solar thin film. Power delivery to the TiO2-NiFeC-PEM electrolyzer is optimized using an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). Laboratory-scale pilot tests demonstrated effective degradation of POME’s organic content, achieving a hydrogen yield of approximately 60%. Additionally, the nano-structured ZnO/CuO–ZnO/PVA solar film facilitated stable power supply, enhancing in situ hydrogen production. These results highlight the potential of the EDLOSC-encased ZnO/PVA-powered electrolyzer as a sustainable solution for hydrogen generation and industrial wastewater treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hybrid Energy Storage Systems Based on Nanostructured Materials)
20 pages, 2402 KB  
Article
Lung Involvement in Patients with Leptospirosis in Tropical Australia; Associations, Clinical Course and Implications for Management
by Adam Sykes, Simon Smith, Hayley Stratton, Megan Staples, Patrick Rosengren, Anna Brischetto, Stephen Vincent and Josh Hanson
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2025, 10(12), 333; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10120333 (registering DOI) - 26 Nov 2025
Abstract
Lung involvement in patients with leptospirosis is associated with a more complicated disease course. However, the demographic and clinical associations of lung involvement are incompletely defined, and its optimal management is uncertain. This retrospective study examined consecutive patients admitted to a referral hospital [...] Read more.
Lung involvement in patients with leptospirosis is associated with a more complicated disease course. However, the demographic and clinical associations of lung involvement are incompletely defined, and its optimal management is uncertain. This retrospective study examined consecutive patients admitted to a referral hospital in tropical Australia, with laboratory-confirmed leptospirosis between January 2015, and June 2024. Lung involvement was defined as new lung parenchymal changes on chest imaging at any point during the patients’ hospitalisation. The demographics, clinical findings and clinical course of the patients with and without lung involvement were compared. The median (interquartile range (IQR)) age of the 109 patients was 39 (24–56) years; 93/109 (85%) were male. Lung involvement was present in 62/109 (57%), 55 (89%) of whom had no documented comorbidities. Patients with lung involvement received antibiotics later in their disease course than those without lung involvement (after a median (IQR) of 5 (4–6) versus 3 (2–5) days of symptoms, p = 0.001). Lung involvement was frequently associated with multi-organ failure: patients with lung involvement were more likely to require intensive care unit admission than patients without lung involvement (41/62 (66%) versus 15/47 (32%), p < 0.001). Overall, 30/109 (28%) satisfied criteria for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and 26/109 (24%) developed pulmonary haemorrhage. Patients with lung involvement received cautious fluid resuscitation, vasopressor support and prompt initiation of additional supportive care—including mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy and extracorporeal membranous oxygenation—guided by the patients’ physiological parameters and clinical trajectory. All 109 patients in the cohort were alive 90 days after discharge. Life-threatening lung involvement was identified in the majority of individuals in this cohort and occurred in young and otherwise well individuals. However, in Australia’s well-resourced health system excellent outcomes can be achieved using a standard contemporary approach to the management of a patient with undifferentiated infection while a confirmed diagnosis of leptospirosis is awaited. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Leptospirosis and One Health)
22 pages, 1154 KB  
Review
Exercise and Diet Reshape Athletes’ Gut Microbiota: Countering Health Challenges in Athletes
by Xiao’e Zhang, Yao Li, Fen Zhang and Guicheng Zhou
Life 2025, 15(12), 1812; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15121812 (registering DOI) - 26 Nov 2025
Abstract
With the advancement of modern competitive sports, specialized training regimens and tailored dietary patterns collectively shape a distinctive gut microbiota in athletes. This unique ecosystem exhibits high microbial diversity and is enriched with beneficial bacteria—such as short-chain fatty acid-producing strains—that contribute to enhanced [...] Read more.
With the advancement of modern competitive sports, specialized training regimens and tailored dietary patterns collectively shape a distinctive gut microbiota in athletes. This unique ecosystem exhibits high microbial diversity and is enriched with beneficial bacteria—such as short-chain fatty acid-producing strains—that contribute to enhanced athletic performance, support energy homeostasis and neural coordination, and mitigate exercise-induced injuries, thereby improving competitive outcomes. This review elaborates on the characteristics of the athlete gut microbiome across different exercise modalities, examines how microbial changes may benefit or pose risks to athlete health, and provides a unique perspective for developing microbiota-driven personalized nutrition strategies aimed at optimizing athletic performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbiome–Gut–Brain Connections: New Windows into Health and Disease)
26 pages, 6455 KB  
Article
Kidney, Prostate, and Bladder Cancer Burden Attributable to Tobacco Smoke Exposure in BRICS Countries from 1990 to 2021: A Systematic Analysis Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study
by Yushi Hou, Qian Zhang and Binglei Ma
Healthcare 2025, 13(23), 3082; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13233082 (registering DOI) - 26 Nov 2025
Abstract
Background: While tobacco smoke remains a leading modifiable risk factor for urologic cancers, comprehensive assessments in BRICS countries are scarce. We aimed to quantify the burden of kidney, prostate, and bladder cancers attributable to tobacco exposure from 1990 to 2021 in BRICS countries. [...] Read more.
Background: While tobacco smoke remains a leading modifiable risk factor for urologic cancers, comprehensive assessments in BRICS countries are scarce. We aimed to quantify the burden of kidney, prostate, and bladder cancers attributable to tobacco exposure from 1990 to 2021 in BRICS countries. Methods: We estimated tobacco-attributable deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLLs), and years lived with disability (YLDs) for kidney, prostate, and bladder cancers in BRICS nations using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. The data were stratified by sex, age, and sociodemographic index (SDI) and analyzed for temporal trends using the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC). Forecasts until 2050 were produced using autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) modeling. Results: In 2021, tobacco-related genitourinary cancers caused approximately 85,000 deaths and 1.8 million DALYs in BRICS countries. While age-standardized DALY rates declined in most countries, absolute burdens rose due to aging and population growth. Bladder cancer contributed the greatest burden, with notable sex disparities: males experienced significantly higher rates across all three cancers. Russia and South Africa had the highest age-standardized rates, while China and India bore the largest absolute burdens. YLLs dominated the total burden, but YLDs increased faster over time, indicating a growing need for survivorship care. Conclusion: Despite some progress in reducing age-standardized rates, tobacco-attributable urologic cancer burdens continue to rise in BRICS countries. Targeted tobacco control, early detection, and long-term survivorship care are essential to mitigate future impacts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Public Health and Preventive Medicine)
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19 pages, 11270 KB  
Article
Identification of Novel Umami Peptides from Yak Bone Collagen and Mechanism Exploration Through In Silico Discovery, Molecular Docking, and Electronic Tongue
by Yimeng Mei, Xiaoli Wu, Ruoyu Xie, Yulong Wu, Hongying Du, Wenxuan Chen, Jun Hu, Ke Zhao, Runfang Guo and Jin Zhang
Foods 2025, 14(23), 4057; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14234057 (registering DOI) - 26 Nov 2025
Abstract
Umami peptides were screened and identified from yak bone collagen for the first time by in silico analysis, molecular docking, and electronic tongue. Twenty proteases with known cleavage sites were used for the simulated proteolysis, and results indicated that “pepsin + papain” was [...] Read more.
Umami peptides were screened and identified from yak bone collagen for the first time by in silico analysis, molecular docking, and electronic tongue. Twenty proteases with known cleavage sites were used for the simulated proteolysis, and results indicated that “pepsin + papain” was the optimal enzymatic strategy for yak bone collagen to generate peptides with potential umami taste. Moreover, 82 novel unreported peptides with umami taste were found from the simulated hydrolysate, among which 9 peptides exhibited high binding affinity with the T1R1/T1R3 receptor (both -CDOCKER energy and CDOCKER interaction energy > 40 kcal/mol) via molecular docking. Subsequently, six novel umami peptides were identified through sensory evaluation and electronic tongue analysis, including VY, VM, SL, SN, VN, and IS (umami sensory score > 5). These peptides were also in silico characterized with high hydrophobicity, good water solubility, non-toxicity, non-allergenicity, good intestinal absorption, and good oral bioavailability. Furthermore, the identified peptides could bind with the key residues (such as HIS281 and LEU304) within the Venus flytrap domain of the T1R3 subunit of receptor T1R1/T1R3 through hydrogen bonds and electrostatic attractions to generate umami perception. This study revealed the mechanism of umami peptides identified from yak bone collagen and provides a novel approach for the development of umami peptides from animal sources. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Food Quality and Safety)
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16 pages, 297 KB  
Article
Lifestyle Habits and Adherence to Cancer Screening Programs Among Italian Teachers: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Giovanna Paduano, Silvia Angelillo, Vincenza Sansone, Concetta Paola Pelullo, Francesco Napolitano and Gabriella Di Giuseppe
Healthcare 2025, 13(23), 3080; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13233080 (registering DOI) - 26 Nov 2025
Abstract
Objectives: This study aims to evaluate teachers’ lifestyle habits and to investigate their knowledge and behaviors related to cancer screening. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was performed among teachers randomly selected from schools located in the Campania region, Italy. Results: Only 17% of the [...] Read more.
Objectives: This study aims to evaluate teachers’ lifestyle habits and to investigate their knowledge and behaviors related to cancer screening. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was performed among teachers randomly selected from schools located in the Campania region, Italy. Results: Only 17% of the teachers were current smokers, while 72.1% consumed alcohol. Female teachers, those who were married/cohabitant, and those who discussed with students about alcohol consumption were more likely to have never smoked or drunk alcohol. Female and older teachers, those with a university or a master/PhD degree, and those who had a moderate/high level of physical activity (PA) were more likely to sufficiently consume fruits and vegetables. Only 20.9% of teachers had a moderate/high level of PA. Those who had at least one child, who taught humanistic and support disciplines, and who needed additional information on healthy lifestyle habits were less likely to have a moderate/high level of PA. Among participants, 42.3% had ever undergone mammography for screening and 37.5% a Pap test and a fecal occult blood test. Conclusions: This survey describes a worrying prevalence of unhealthy behaviors and low adherence to screening programs among Italian teachers, suggesting the need for education and screening campaigns to improve preventive strategies in this population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Activity, Healthy Lifestyle and Well-Being Across the Lifespan: Second Edition)
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