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19 pages, 5891 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Preparation, Thermal Properties and Decomposition Course of Highly Resistant Potato Starch Graft Poly(Cinnamyl Methacrylate) Materials

by Marta Worzakowska

Molecules 2025, 30(2), 376; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30020376 - 17 Jan 2025

Abstract

The properties of starch graft poly(cinnamyl methacrylate) copolymers were presented. The “grafting from” method and different ratios of starch to methacrylic monomer were used. The copolymers with the maximum grafting percent (G: 55.3% ± 0.4) using a ratio of starch to methacrylic monomer [...] Read more.

The properties of starch graft poly(cinnamyl methacrylate) copolymers were presented. The “grafting from” method and different ratios of starch to methacrylic monomer were used. The copolymers with the maximum grafting percent (G: 55.3% ± 0.4) using a ratio of starch to methacrylic monomer of 1:3 were obtained. The heterogeneous, non-porous structure materials were prepared. They were characterized by significant lower swelling in polar solvents and moisture absorption but higher swelling in non-polar solvents compared to unmodified potato starch. The chemical resistance in acidic, alkaline and neutral environments for all the tested copolymers was significantly higher compared to the chemical resistance of potato starch. The tested copolymers decomposed in at least three main stages in inert conditions and in at least four main stages in oxidative conditions. Their pyrolysis with the emission of the mixture of volatiles such as aldehyde, acid, ester, alcohol, aromatic, alkene, alkane, H₂O, CO₂ and CO based on the TG/FTIR studies was proved. The oxidative decomposition included pyrolysis processes combined with oxidation and combustion reactions of volatiles and the formed residues. As a result, the emission of the unsaturated and saturated compounds with carbonyl, hydroxyl, carboxyl and/or ester groups, alkane, alkene, aromatics and its oxidized forms, H₂O, CO₂ and CO, was observed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Materials Chemistry)

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60 pages, 5933 KiB

Open AccessReview

Mineral Resources for the Ceramic Industry: Survey of Feldspathic Raw Materials in Italy

by Michele Dondi, Sonia Conte, Chiara Molinari and Chiara Zanelli

Minerals 2025, 15(1), 87; https://doi.org/10.3390/min15010087 (registering DOI) - 17 Jan 2025

Abstract

Feldspars are essential components in the ceramic industry, and the increasing demand for high-grade fluxes has recently elevated their status as critical raw materials for the European Union. This survey aims to evaluate, for the first time, Italy’s mining potential for the production [...] Read more.

Feldspars are essential components in the ceramic industry, and the increasing demand for high-grade fluxes has recently elevated their status as critical raw materials for the European Union. This survey aims to evaluate, for the first time, Italy’s mining potential for the production of ceramic fluxes through a methodological approach that considers lithology, technological value, degree of alteration and potential for mining exploitation. The most promising resources are identified in the Alps, the Apennines, Sardinia and the Calabro–Peloritan Arc, based on the chemical composition of rocks without any beneficiation. Key parameters include the equivalent feldspar content and the sum of Fe₂O₃ + TiO₂. Factors that may influence the feasibility of exploitation are critically discussed for granitoids and syenites, acidic volcanics, aplites and pegmatites, albitites, felsic metamorphics, silica-saturated and silica-undersaturated volcanics, arkosic sandstones and rocks that have undergone epithermal alteration. All resources are compared with deposits currently under extraction and assessed against benchmarks or well-recognized raw materials used as market proxies. This review lays the groundwork for operational mining exploration by clearly defining Italy’s potential for feldspathic fluxes. The exploratory assessment approach to feldspathic resources can also be applied in other countries. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Mineral Deposits)

16 pages, 9517 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Identification and Functional Analysis of Candidate Genes Influencing Citrus Leaf Size Through Transcriptome and Coexpression Network Approaches

by Xiaoxiao Wu, Yuanhui Xiao, Ping Liu, Qiuling Pang, Chongling Deng, Cuina Fu, Haimeng Fang and Chuanwu Chen

Genes 2025, 16(1), 97; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes16010097 (registering DOI) - 17 Jan 2025

Abstract

Background: Leaves are the main organs involved in photosynthesis. They capture light energy and promote gas exchange, and their size and shape affect yield. Identifying the regulatory networks and key genes that control citrus leaf size is essential for increasing citrus crop yield. [...] Read more.

Background: Leaves are the main organs involved in photosynthesis. They capture light energy and promote gas exchange, and their size and shape affect yield. Identifying the regulatory networks and key genes that control citrus leaf size is essential for increasing citrus crop yield. Methods: In this study, transcriptome sequencing was performed on three leaf materials: the ‘Cuimi’ kumquat (Nor) variety and its leaf variants, larger-leaf (VarB) and smaller-leaf (VarS) varieties. Results: Correlation and principal component analyses revealed a relatively close correlation between Nor and VarS. A total of 7264 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 2374 transcription factors (TFs), were identified, and 254 DEGs were common among the three materials. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed significant enrichment in glucose metabolism, cell wall composition, starch biosynthesis, and photosynthesis pathways. WGCNA identified three specific modules related to the different leaf sizes of these three citrus materials. Fifteen candidate genes related to leaf size, including three transcription factors, Fh5g30470 (MYB), Fh7g07360 (AP2/ERF), and Fh5g02470 (SAP), were identified on the basis of connectivity and functional annotations. Conclusions: These findings provide a theoretical foundation for a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying citrus leaf size and offer new genetic resources for the study of citrus leaf size. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Plant Genetics and Genomics)

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19 pages, 1482 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Electrochemical Determination of Doxorubicin in the Presence of Dacarbazine Using MWCNTs/ZnO Nanocomposite Modified Disposable Screen-Printed Electrode

by Somayeh Tajik, Hadi Beitollahi, Fariba Garkani Nejad and Zahra Dourandish

Biosensors 2025, 15(1), 60; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15010060 (registering DOI) - 17 Jan 2025

Abstract

In the current work, the MWCNTs/ZnO nanocomposite was successfully synthesized using simple method. Then, FE-SEM, XRD, and EDX techniques were applied for morphological and structural characterization. Afterward, a sensitive voltammetric sensor based on modification of a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) using MWCNTs/ZnO nanocomposite [...] Read more.

In the current work, the MWCNTs/ZnO nanocomposite was successfully synthesized using simple method. Then, FE-SEM, XRD, and EDX techniques were applied for morphological and structural characterization. Afterward, a sensitive voltammetric sensor based on modification of a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) using MWCNTs/ZnO nanocomposite was developed for the determination of doxorubicin in the presence of dacarbazine. To evaluate the electrochemical response of the MWCNTs/ZnO/SPCE towards doxorubicin, cyclic voltammetry (CV) was applied. The MWCNTs/ZnO nanocomposite showed a significant synergistic effect on the electrochemical response of the electrode for the redox reaction of doxorubicin. Also, the MWCNTs/ZnO/SPCE demonstrated an enhanced sensing platform for the quantification of doxorubicin, obtaining a detection limit (LOD) of 0.002 µM and a sensitivity of 0.0897 µA/µM, as determined by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) within a linear range from 0.007 to 150.0 µM. Also, the MWCNTs/ZnO nanocomposite-modified SPCE showed high electrochemical activities towards the oxidation of doxorubicin and dacarbazine with peak-potential separation of 345 mV, which is sufficient for doxorubicin determination in the presence of dacarbazine. Also, the MWCNTs/ZnO nanocomposite-modified SPCE presented reproducible and stable responses to determine doxorubicin. Finally, the developed platform demonstrated a successful performance for doxorubicin and dacarbazine determination in real samples, with recovery in the range of 97.1% to 104.0% and relative standard deviation (RSD) from 1.8% to 3.5%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Advanced Electrochemical (Bio)sensors in Environment, Food, and Medicine)

30 pages, 2960 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Review of Potential Agents for Colon Cancer Interception in FAP Patients: Evidence from Preclinical Studies in APC^Min/+ Mice

by Karthikkumar Venkatachalam, Krishnendu Goswami, Venkateshwar Madka and Chinthalapally V. Rao

Targets 2025, 3(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/targets3010004 - 17 Jan 2025

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the major reasons for cancer-related deaths around the world. Constitutive activation of WNT pathway, due to APC gene mutation, is the characteristic feature of most human colon tumors. Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) patients inherit APC mutations and [...] Read more.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the major reasons for cancer-related deaths around the world. Constitutive activation of WNT pathway, due to APC gene mutation, is the characteristic feature of most human colon tumors. Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) patients inherit APC mutations and pose an absolute risk of developing CRC in their lifetime. The genetically modified APC mouse models have paved the way to study various aspects of the hereditary human CRC, including biochemical, molecular, and histological aspects. Preclinical and clinical data suggest that certain dietary supplements, NSAIDs, natural products, and chemically synthesized compounds, can help in intercepting CRC incidence and progression by modulating various hallmarks of cancer. In this review, we have provided a summary of promising natural and synthetic agents that demonstrated chemopreventive efficacy against CRC in the FAP-mimicking APC^Min/+ mouse model. Full article

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14 pages, 513 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Wheat Dextrin Fiber on the Fecal Microbiome and Short-Chain Fatty Acid Concentrations in Dogs: Randomized, Single-Blinded, Parallel-Group Clinical Trial

by Marianne Pan, Chi-Hsuan Sung, Rachel Pilla, Jan S. Suchodolski and Stacie C. Summers

Pets 2025, 2(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/pets2010003 - 17 Jan 2025

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to assess the practical implications of supplementing soluble fiber in the diet of dogs. Dogs with a history of managed or active chronic enteropathy were randomized to receive either wheat dextrin (fiber group) or maltodextrin (placebo group) [...] Read more.

The purpose of this study was to assess the practical implications of supplementing soluble fiber in the diet of dogs. Dogs with a history of managed or active chronic enteropathy were randomized to receive either wheat dextrin (fiber group) or maltodextrin (placebo group) mixed with food once daily for 28 days. Owners recorded a daily fecal score one week prior to and during the supplementation period. Shallow shotgun sequencing, quantitative PCR abundances of core bacterial taxa, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations via gas chromatography/mass spectrometry were performed on fecal samples collected before and after supplementation. Seventeen dogs completed the study (fiber group: nine dogs; placebo group: eight dogs). The change in fecal score differed between groups, with the fiber group developing softer stools (p = 0.03). Alpha diversity, quantified PCR abundances of the SCFA-producing taxa, and fecal SCFA concentrations were not different after supplementation in either group. Fecal microbial communities differed between baseline and day 28 for fiber and placebo groups (p = 0.02, respectively); however, the size effect (ANOSIM R = 0.18 and R = 0.26, respectively) was minimal. In this small group of dogs fed variable commercial diets, the additional intake of wheat dextrin powder supplement was well accepted, but had minimal discernable clinical benefit, and could soften stools. Full article

32 pages, 1731 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Towards Sustainable Municipal Solid Waste Management: An SDG-Based Sustainability Assessment Methodology for Innovations in Sub-Saharan Africa

by Julia Weißert, Kristina Henzler and Shimelis Kebede Kassahun

Waste 2025, 3(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/waste3010006 - 17 Jan 2025

Abstract

In sub-Saharan Africa, municipal solid waste management faces significant challenges, including inadequate infrastructure, increasing waste generation, and limited resources, leading to severe environmental and public health issues. Innovations in waste management are essential to address these pressing problems, as they can enhance efficiency, [...] Read more.

In sub-Saharan Africa, municipal solid waste management faces significant challenges, including inadequate infrastructure, increasing waste generation, and limited resources, leading to severe environmental and public health issues. Innovations in waste management are essential to address these pressing problems, as they can enhance efficiency, reduce pollution, and promote sustainable practices while fostering sustainable development. To select sustainable and contextually relevant solutions, it is vital to investigate their potential sustainability impacts based on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) beforehand and to involve local stakeholders in the innovation process. Besides, engaging stakeholders increases community buy-in and fosters collaboration, leading to more effective and sustainable outcomes. This paper develops and applies a sustainability assessment methodology for innovations in municipal solid waste management systems in sub-Saharan Africa, with a case study in Ethiopia. The proposed methodology emphasizes the importance of involving local stakeholders in the SDG-based indicator assessment and offers suggestions for a data collection strategy. The case study on a composting process in Bishoftu Town demonstrates that stakeholder participation in selecting innovations positively influences the outcomes. However, the analysis indicates mixed effects of the innovation in the three sustainability dimensions, highlighting areas for optimization. Consequently, the presented method can support the innovation process of municipal solid waste management systems, fostering sustainable municipal development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovations in Waste Management: Technological Solutions and Business Models)

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6 pages, 1377 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

The First Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequence of Secale strictum subsp. africanum Stapf (Poaceae), the Putative Ancestor of the Genus Secale

by Lidia Skuza, Piotr Androsiuk, Romain Gastineau, Magdalena Achrem, Łukasz Paukszto and Jan Paweł Jastrzębski

Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2025, 47(1), 64; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb47010064 - 17 Jan 2025

Abstract

Secale strictum ssp. africanum (synonym Secale africanum), a putative ancestor of the genus Secale, has been classified within Secale strictum, although recent phylogenetic studies suggest that it represents a distinct species. This study reports the first complete chloroplast genome of [...] Read more.

Secale strictum ssp. africanum (synonym Secale africanum), a putative ancestor of the genus Secale, has been classified within Secale strictum, although recent phylogenetic studies suggest that it represents a distinct species. This study reports the first complete chloroplast genome of S. africanum, highlighting its structure, genetic composition, and phylogenetic relationships within Secale and related Triticiceae species. Phylogeny reconstruction based on the maximum-likelihood method reveals notable genetic similarity between S. strictum and S. africanum, supporting their genetic and phylogenetic distinction. Here, we assembled the complete, annotated chloroplast genome sequence of Secale strictum ssp. africanum. The genome is 137,068 base pair (bp) long. It is the first complete chloroplast genome that can be used as a reference genome for further analysis. The genome can be accessed on GenBank with the accession number OQ700974. This work sheds light on the evolutionary history of Secale and contributes to our understanding of chloroplast genomics in cereal ancestors, with potential applications in improving cereal crop resilience, advancing breeding strategies, and informing conservation efforts for genetic diversity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Multi-Omics for Functional Genomics Studies and Molecular Breeding)

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15 pages, 588 KiB

Open AccessReview

Metabolite-Sensing Receptors: Emerging Targets for Modulating Chronic Pain Pathways

by Ciprian Pușcașu, Corina Andrei, Octavian Tudorel Olaru and Anca Zanfirescu

Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2025, 47(1), 63; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb47010063 - 17 Jan 2025

Abstract

Chronic pain is a debilitating condition affecting millions worldwide, often resulting from complex interactions between the nervous and immune systems. Recent advances highlight the critical role of metabolite-sensing G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in various chronic pain types. These receptors link metabolic changes with [...] Read more.

Chronic pain is a debilitating condition affecting millions worldwide, often resulting from complex interactions between the nervous and immune systems. Recent advances highlight the critical role of metabolite-sensing G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in various chronic pain types. These receptors link metabolic changes with cellular responses, influencing inflammatory and degenerative processes. Receptors such as free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1/GPR40), free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFAR4/GPR120), free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2/GPR43), and Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5/GPR131/GPBAR1) are key modulators of nociceptive signaling. GPR40, activated by long-chain fatty acids, exhibits strong anti-inflammatory effects by reducing cytokine expression. Butyrate-activated GPR43 inhibits inflammatory mediators like nitric oxide synthase-2 and cyclooxygenase-2, mitigating inflammation. TGR5, activated by bile acids, regulates inflammation and cellular senescence through pathways like NF-κB and p38. These receptors are promising therapeutic targets in chronic pain, addressing the metabolic and inflammatory factors underlying nociceptive sensitization and tissue degeneration. This review explores the molecular mechanisms of metabolite-sensing receptors in chronic pain, their therapeutic potential, and challenges in clinical application. By uncovering these mechanisms, metabolite-sensing receptors could lead to safer, more effective pain management strategies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolism and Molecular Pathology Related Features in Neurological Diseases)

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10 pages, 1537 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Establishment of a Rapid and Convenient Fluoroimmunoassay Platform Using Antibodies Against PDL1 and HER2

by Ji Eun Choi, Hanool Yun and Hee-Jin Jeong

Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2025, 47(1), 62; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb47010062 - 17 Jan 2025

Abstract

The development of accurate and high-throughput tools for cancer biomarker detection is crucial for the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of diseases. In this study, we developed a simple and rapid fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay (FLISA) using fluorescent dye-conjugated antibody fragments against programmed cell death [...] Read more.

The development of accurate and high-throughput tools for cancer biomarker detection is crucial for the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of diseases. In this study, we developed a simple and rapid fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay (FLISA) using fluorescent dye-conjugated antibody fragments against programmed cell death ligand 1 (PDL1) and human epithelial growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). We optimized key steps in the FLISA process, including antigen immobilization, blocking, and antibody reaction, reading the assay time to 3 h—significantly faster compared to the 23 h duration of usual FLISA. The limit of detection for the rapid FLISA in detecting PDL1 was lower than that of FLISA, and the detection of HER2 was similar between the two methods, indicating that the rapid FLISA provides a fast and accurate approach for detecting PDL1 and HER2. This robust platform can be readily adapted for various fluoroimmunoassays targeting other antigens of interest. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology)

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13 pages, 261 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Dynamicity of the Oxytocin Receptor in the Brain May Trigger Sensory Deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorder

by Claudia Camerino

Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2025, 47(1), 61; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb47010061 - 17 Jan 2025

Abstract

Sensory processing abnormalities have been noted since the first clinical description of autism in 1940. However, it was not until the release of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) in 2013 that sensory challenges were considered [...] Read more.

Sensory processing abnormalities have been noted since the first clinical description of autism in 1940. However, it was not until the release of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) in 2013 that sensory challenges were considered as symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Multisensory processing is of paramount importance in building a perceptual and cognitive representation of reality. For this reason, deficits in multisensory integration may be a characteristic of ASD. The neurohormone oxytocin (Oxt) is involved in the etiology of ASD, and there are several ongoing clinical trials regarding Oxt administration in ASD patients. Recent studies indicate that Oxt triggers muscle contraction modulating thermogenesis, while abnormal thermoregulation results in sensory deficits, as in ASD. Activation of the Oxt system through exposure to cold stress regulates the expression of oxytocin receptor (Oxtr) in the brain and circulating Oxt, and if this mechanism is pathologically disrupted, it can lead to sensory processing abnormalities since Oxt acts as a master gene that regulates thermogenesis. This review will describe the sensory deficits characteristic of ASD together with the recent theories regarding how the modulation of Oxt/Oxtr in the brain influences sensory processing in ASD. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Advances in Oxytocin Research)

29 pages, 415 KiB

Open AccessReview

Towards Personalized Radiotherapy in Pelvic Cancer: Patient-Related Risk Factors for Late Radiation Toxicity

by Anna C. Nuijens, Arlene L. Oei, Nicolaas A. P. Franken, Coen R. N. Rasch and Lukas J. A. Stalpers

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(1), 47; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32010047 - 17 Jan 2025

Abstract

Normal tissue reactions vary significantly among patients receiving the same radiation treatment regimen, reflecting the multifactorial etiology of late radiation toxicity. Predicting late radiation toxicity is crucial, as it aids in the initial decision-making process regarding the treatment modalities. For patients undergoing radiotherapy, [...] Read more.

Normal tissue reactions vary significantly among patients receiving the same radiation treatment regimen, reflecting the multifactorial etiology of late radiation toxicity. Predicting late radiation toxicity is crucial, as it aids in the initial decision-making process regarding the treatment modalities. For patients undergoing radiotherapy, anticipating late toxicity allows for planning adjustments to optimize individualized care. Various dosimetric parameters have been shown to influence the incidence of late toxicity, and the literature available on this topic is extensive. This narrative review examines patient-related determinants of late toxicity following external beam radiotherapy for pelvic tumors, with a focus on prostate and cervical cancer patients. In Part I, we address various methods for quantifying radiation toxicity, providing context for interpreting toxicity data. Part II examines the current insights into the clinical risk factors for late toxicity. While certain factors—such as previous abdominal surgery, smoking behavior, and severe acute toxicity—have consistently been reported, most of the others show inconsistent associations. In Part III, we explore the influence of genetic factors and discuss promising predictive assays. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) likely elevate the risk in specific combinations. Advances in artificial intelligence now allow for the identification of SNP patterns from large datasets, supporting the development of polygenic risk scores. These innovations hold promise for improving personalized treatment strategies and reducing the burden of late toxicity in cancer survivors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Radiotherapy for Genitourinary Cancer)

19 pages, 737 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Canadian Perspective on Systemic Therapy for Recurrent or Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

by Anna Spreafico, Eric Winquist, Cheryl Ho, Brian O’Sullivan, Nathaniel Bouganim, Neil Chua, Sarah Doucette, Lillian L. Siu and Desiree Hao

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(1), 48; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32010048 - 17 Jan 2025

Abstract

Although the majority of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) present with early-stage or locoregional disease that can be treated with definitive radiotherapy, approximately 20% of patients experience disease recurrence, and 15% present with metastatic disease that is not amenable to curative therapy. Management [...] Read more.

Although the majority of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) present with early-stage or locoregional disease that can be treated with definitive radiotherapy, approximately 20% of patients experience disease recurrence, and 15% present with metastatic disease that is not amenable to curative therapy. Management of patients with recurrent or metastatic (r/m) NPC who are not candidates for local salvage therapy is challenging in Canada, as there is uncertainty in extrapolating evidence that is largely generated from Southeast China to non-endemic regions such as Canada. Currently, treatment options in Canada are limited to chemotherapy regimens that can only achieve short-term response and prolongation of survival. The addition of anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies to chemotherapy has been shown to extend progression-free survival in recurrent r/m NPC compared to chemotherapy alone; however, approval of PD-1 inhibitors in Canada has lagged behind other jurisdictions where NPC is non-endemic. This paper reviews the current systemic treatment landscape for r/m NPC in Canada, highlights unmet treatment needs for patients who are not candidates for curative therapy, and discusses the challenges and opportunities that lie in emerging therapies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Head and Neck Oncology)

11 pages, 989 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Treatment Options for Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer After Failure of Previous Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Chemotherapy: Meta-Analysis of Five Randomized Controlled Trials

by Andrea Messori, Andrea Ossato, Lorenzo Gasperoni, Luna Del Bono, Alessandro Inno and Vera Damuzzo

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(1), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32010046 - 17 Jan 2025

Abstract

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), either alone or in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy, are effective in the first-line treatment of metastatic, non-oncogene-addicted, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, when NSCLC patients progress, the efficacy of available treatment options is limited. Methods: We undertook [...] Read more.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), either alone or in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy, are effective in the first-line treatment of metastatic, non-oncogene-addicted, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, when NSCLC patients progress, the efficacy of available treatment options is limited. Methods: We undertook a meta-analysis that compared combination regimens with the current standard of care. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included (endpoint, overall survival [OS]). Our analysis used an artificial intelligence software program that reconstructs individual patient data from Kaplan–Meier curves. Hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was the main parameter. Heterogeneity was based on Wald’s test and likelihood ratio test. Results: Five RCTs were included, whose experimental arms included five different combinations. In our analysis, these combination regimes showed no OS benefit compared to chemotherapy (HR = 1.066, 95%CI, 0.9311 to 1.221; p = 0.35). Among the five control arms, cross-trial heterogeneity was remarkably low (likelihood ratio test = 3.76 on 4 df, p = 0.40; Wald test = 3.83 on 4 df, p = 0.40. Discussion: In conclusion, five new second-line combination treatments for patients with NSCLC were not found to determine any benefit in terms of OS in comparison with the current standard of care. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Thoracic Oncology)

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10 pages, 772 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessing Comparative Yield and Yield Contributing Traits of Hybrid Rice Varieties Transplanted as Over-Aged Seedlings in the South-Central Coastal Ecosystem of Bangladesh

by Md. Ibrahim Khalil, Md. Subbir Ahamed, Uzzal Somaddar, Hridoy Chandra Dey, Sameera Mamun, Uttam Kumer Sarker, Md. Romij Uddin, Mohammad Golam Mostofa and Gopal Saha

Crops 2025, 5(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/crops5010004 - 17 Jan 2025

Abstract

The transplanting of over-aged seedlings is an important adaptive strategy for rice cultivation during the monsoon season in the coastal areas of Bangladesh. This study aimed to identify promising hybrid rice varieties that can be transplanted as over-aged seedlings in the south-central tidal [...] Read more.

The transplanting of over-aged seedlings is an important adaptive strategy for rice cultivation during the monsoon season in the coastal areas of Bangladesh. This study aimed to identify promising hybrid rice varieties that can be transplanted as over-aged seedlings in the south-central tidal coastal ecosystem of Bangladesh. Three elite hybrid varieties, namely, AZ7006, Dhani Gold, and INH-16019, along with a popular local cultivar, Moulata (as the control), were used in this field study, and seedlings at two different ages (e.g., 50- and 60-day-old) were transplanted. The results showed that Dhani Gold had the highest grain yield (5.47 t/ha) with the maximum number of tillers (17) and effective tillers (15) per hill for the 50-day-old seedlings as compared with the 60-day-old seedlings. In addition, the hybrid variety INH-16019 also yielded 5.20 t/ha grain with the highest number of spikelets/panicle (191), filled grains/panicle (174), and unfilled grains/panicle (17) for 50-day-old seedlings. However, the local cultivar, Moulata, had the highest plant height (149 cm), required the maximum time for 50% flowering (75 days after transplanting, DAT) and harvesting (104 DAT), and also produced the lowest number of spikelets/panicle (114) and filled grains/panicle (108), leading to the lowest grain yield (3.57 t/ha) considering both ages of the seedlings. Our data further revealed the significant influence of seedling age (50- and 60-day-old seedlings) on the straw yield. Interestingly, this study revealed that the hybrid variety Dhani Gold showed a remarkable decrease in straw yield (by 36%) but obtained the highest (56.3%) harvest index when transplanted as very over-aged (e.g., 60-day-old) seedlings. Moreover, we recorded a higher grain nitrogen content in the hybrid varieties than in the local cultivar, Moulata. Among the hybrids, AZ7006 showed the highest nitrogen content (1.72%), which was statistically similar to INH-16019 (1.67%) and Dhani Gold (1.57%) for 50-day-old seedlings. Importantly, the grain yield of Dhani Gold was 50% higher than Moulata for 50-day-old seedlings, and the benefit–cost ratio of Dhani Gold was also the highest (1.34) for the same seedling age. Hence, the over-aged Dhani Gold hybrid rice seedlings would be a good choice for increasing Aman rice productivity during the monsoon season in the south-central coastal ecosystem of Bangladesh. Full article

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18 pages, 3544 KiB

Open AccessArticle

MafB Transcription Factor Involved in IRD-Induced AKI (Acute Kidney Injury) Phenotype Attenuation and Inflammation Resolution

by Dhouha Daassi

DNA 2025, 5(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/dna5010005 - 17 Jan 2025

Abstract

In this research, we induced acute kidney injury (AKI) by ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), one of its main causes. Then, we assessed kidney dysfunction by CRE (creatinine)/BUN (serum blood urea nitrogen) levels and histological analysis. Surprisingly, kidney macrophages, initially not expressing MafB and c-Maf, [...] Read more.

In this research, we induced acute kidney injury (AKI) by ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), one of its main causes. Then, we assessed kidney dysfunction by CRE (creatinine)/BUN (serum blood urea nitrogen) levels and histological analysis. Surprisingly, kidney macrophages, initially not expressing MafB and c-Maf, expressed both of them 48 h after bilateral ischemia renal disease (double IRD; dIRD), supporting their possible roles in the disease. We speculated that the M2 macrophages involved in AKI repair might be the source of MafB and c-Maf after injury and that these two transcription factors could have a significant role in the disease. Considering that IL-4/IL-13-induced M2a is the main contributor to AKI recovery and that MafB is upregulated under the effect of these two cytokines combined, we chose to focus on MafB analysis and aimed to examine its potential role in IRD. Previous studies have not examined the role of MafB in ischemic renal disease (IRD). In this study, we demonstrated a significant loss of brush borders, accumulation of intraluminal debris, and extensive damage to the anatomical structure of the MafB^f/f::Lys-Cre mice kidneys compared to their littermates, MafB^f/f, which are considered as a negative control in the entire paper. This was marked by the enlarged tubules, a significant decrease in mature macrophages (F4/80⁺ cells), and, therefore, worsening of the disease in the absence of MafB and delay/failure of the early signs of ischemia recovery. Importantly, these MafB cKO mice presented higher mortality, caused by the abrogation of the intraluminal debris clearance, and died after 48 h from IRD, suggesting the involvement of MafB in the signaling pathway of this pathology. Therefore, we found evidence that MafB attenuates IRD. Full article

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24 pages, 579 KiB

Open AccessEssay

The New Era of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Key Highlights and Future Research Agenda on Organizational Strategy

by Meshal Abdulaziz Aldhobaib

Businesses 2025, 5(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/businesses5010005 - 17 Jan 2025

Abstract

Although the Middle East is often perceived as politically, economically, and socially unstable, Saudi Arabia offers a different narrative. Inspired by the country’s vision (Vision 2030) and the growing body of research exploring its socio-economic transformation, this article examines how organizational strategy theories [...] Read more.

Although the Middle East is often perceived as politically, economically, and socially unstable, Saudi Arabia offers a different narrative. Inspired by the country’s vision (Vision 2030) and the growing body of research exploring its socio-economic transformation, this article examines how organizational strategy theories and practices can be advanced by inviting researchers to focus on Saudi Arabia’s evolving context. To achieve this, the article addresses three pivotal questions: (a) Why should academics consider conducting research in Saudi Arabia? (b) What research topics could significantly advance organizational strategy theories and practices? (c) What are the primary barriers to conducting research in Saudi Arabia? Using a comprehensive review of existing literature, socio-economic analysis, and an evaluation of Vision 2030 targets, the article identifies three key themes: (1) socio-cultural dynamics and their influence on organizational strategies, (2) economic diversification and its impact on strategic resilience, and (3) the strategic alignment of foreign direct investment (FDI) with expatriate mission success. These findings lead to distinct research agendas linked to relevant theoretical frameworks, including Cross-Cultural Theory, Institutional Theory, and the Resource-Based View. The article concludes by inviting scholars to explore these themes and generate findings that contribute to existing organizational strategy theories and practical solutions, fostering a deeper understanding of organizational strategy within Saudi Arabia and the broader global landscape. Full article

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15 pages, 6182 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Improving the Accuracy of Bone-Scintigraphy Imaging Analysis Using the Skeletal Count Index: A Study Based on Human Trial Data

by Ryosuke Miki, Tatsuya Tsuchitani, Yoshiyuki Takahashi, Kazuhiro Kitajima and Yasuyuki Takahashi

Radiation 2025, 5(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/radiation5010005 - 17 Jan 2025

Abstract

The image quality index for whole-body bone scintigraphy has traditionally relied on the total count (Total-C) with a threshold of ≥1.5 million counts (MC). However, Total-C measurements are susceptible to variability owing to urine retention. This study aimed to develop a skeletal count [...] Read more.

The image quality index for whole-body bone scintigraphy has traditionally relied on the total count (Total-C) with a threshold of ≥1.5 million counts (MC). However, Total-C measurements are susceptible to variability owing to urine retention. This study aimed to develop a skeletal count (Skel-C)-based index, focusing exclusively on bone regions, to improve the accuracy of image analysis in bone scintigraphy. To determine the optimal Skel-C-based threshold, Skel-C thresholds were set at 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, and 1.2 MC, and Total-C thresholds were set at 1.75, 2.0, and 2.25 MC. Patients were then categorized based on whether their values were above or below these thresholds. The group including all cases was defined as the Total-C 1.5 high group. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for each group, and receiver operating characteristic analyses and statistical evaluations were conducted. The specificity of the bone scintigraphy image analysis program in the Skel-C < 0.9 MC group was significantly lower than that in the Skel-C ≥ 0.9 MC and Total-C 1.5 high groups. The decrease in specificity was evident only with Skel-C and was not identified based on Total-C levels. These findings highlight the importance of achieving Skel-C ≥ 0.9 MC and suggest that Total-C alone is insufficient for reliable image assessment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Radiation in Medical Imaging)

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12 pages, 3525 KiB

Open AccessArticle

CO₂ Capture Using Amine-Based Solvents: Identification of Additives to Improve the Kinetics and Thermodynamics of CO₂ Sorption at High-Pressure Conditions

by Verónica Calva, Nelson Játiva and Marvin Ricaurte

Gases 2025, 5(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/gases5010004 - 17 Jan 2025

Abstract

The increase in atmospheric CO₂ caused by human activities has driven the development of technologies to capture this gas before it reaches the atmosphere. This study analyzed CO₂ sorption using amine-based solvents, such as methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethanolamine (TEA), and [...] Read more.

The increase in atmospheric CO₂ caused by human activities has driven the development of technologies to capture this gas before it reaches the atmosphere. This study analyzed CO₂ sorption using amine-based solvents, such as methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethanolamine (TEA), and monoethanolamine (MEA) in 40 wt.% aqueous solutions, under high-pressure conditions (initial pressure: 500 psia) and room temperature (30 °C), in both non-stirred and stirred systems. Piperazine (PZ), a heterocyclic compound, was tested as an additive to improve the kinetics of the CO₂ sorption process. Kinetic and thermodynamic analyses were conducted to evaluate the efficiency of each amine-based solution in terms of reaction rate and CO₂ loading capacity. MEA and TEA exhibited higher reaction rates, while DETA and MDEA were the most thermodynamically efficient due to the highest CO₂ loading capacity. The PZ kinetic behavior depended on the equipment used; in the non-stirred system, no kinetic effect was observed, while in the stirred system, this effect was appreciable. Additionally, a corrosivity study revealed that MEA, a primary amine, was the most corrosive, whereas TEA, a tertiary amine, was the least corrosive. Full article

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26 pages, 9807 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Critical Geochemical and Microbial Reactions in Underground Hydrogen Storage: Quantifying Hydrogen Loss and Evaluating CO₂ as Cushion Gas

by Rana Al Homoud, Marcos Vitor Barbosa Machado, Hugh Daigle and Harun Ates

Hydrogen 2025, 6(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen6010004 - 17 Jan 2025

Abstract

Hydrogen is a pivotal energy carrier for achieving sustainability and stability, but safe and efficient geological underground hydrogen storage (UHS) is critical for its large-scale application. This study investigates the impacts of geochemical and biochemical reactions on UHS, addressing challenges that threaten storage [...] Read more.

Hydrogen is a pivotal energy carrier for achieving sustainability and stability, but safe and efficient geological underground hydrogen storage (UHS) is critical for its large-scale application. This study investigates the impacts of geochemical and biochemical reactions on UHS, addressing challenges that threaten storage efficiency and safety. Geochemical reactions in saline aquifers, particularly the generation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), were analyzed using advanced compositional and geochemical modeling calibrated with experimental kinetic data. The results indicate that geochemical reactions have a minimal effect on hydrogen consumption. However, by year 10 of storage operations, H₂S levels could reach 12–13 ppm, necessitating desulfurization to maintain storage performance and safety. The study also examines the methanogenesis reaction, where microorganisms consume hydrogen and carbon dioxide to produce methane. Numerical simulations reveal that microbial activity under suitable conditions can reduce in situ hydrogen volume by up to 50%, presenting a critical hurdle to UHS feasibility. These findings highlight the necessity of conducting microbial analyses of reservoir brines during the screening phase to mitigate hydrogen losses. The novelty of this work lies in its comprehensive field-scale analysis of impurity-induced geochemical and microbial reactions and their implications for underground hydrogen storage. By integrating kinetic parameters derived from experimental data with advanced computational modeling, this study uncovers the mechanisms driving these reactions and highlights their impact on storage efficiency, and safety. By offering a detailed field-scale perspective, the findings provide a pivotal framework for advancing future hydrogen storage projects and ensuring their practical viability. Full article

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35 pages, 2643 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Surfactant-Enhanced Guava Seed Biosorbent for Lead and Cadmium Removal: Kinetics, Thermodynamics, and Reusability Insights

by Gabriela Elizabeth Tapia-Quiroz, Selene Anaid Valencia-Leal, Adriana Vázquez-Guerrero, Ruth Alfaro-Cuevas-Villanueva, Ramiro Escudero-García and Raúl Cortés-Martínez

Sustain. Chem. 2025, 6(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/suschem6010005 - 17 Jan 2025

Abstract

Heavy metal pollution in water resources, particularly cadmium and lead, poses a significant environmental and public health challenge, requiring the development of sustainable, efficient, and cost-effective water treatment methods. Therefore, this study investigates the biosorption capabilities of natural (SN) and surfactant-modified (SM) guava [...] Read more.

Heavy metal pollution in water resources, particularly cadmium and lead, poses a significant environmental and public health challenge, requiring the development of sustainable, efficient, and cost-effective water treatment methods. Therefore, this study investigates the biosorption capabilities of natural (SN) and surfactant-modified (SM) guava seed biosorbents to remove Cd and Pb from aqueous solutions. Guava seeds, an agricultural waste material, were treated with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA-Br) to enhance their adsorption efficiency. The biosorbents were characterized by FTIR, SEM-EDS, and zeta potential analysis to explain the surface modifications and their influence on the adsorption mechanisms. Batch experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of pH, contact time, temperature, biosorbent dosage, and concentration on Cd and Pb removal efficiencies. Adsorption isotherm and kinetic data were analyzed using mathematical models to obtain the basic parameters of the systems under study. The results showed that SM exhibited superior adsorption capacities of 328 mg/g for Cd and 594 mg/g for Pb at 25 °C, significantly outperforming SN. The study analyzed the thermodynamic parameters of adsorption systems, revealing endothermic and exothermic properties for SN and SM. Functional groups like hydroxyl and carbonyl were crucial for metal ion binding. HDTMA-Br introduced active sites and enhanced surface charge interactions. Regeneration tests showed reusability, maintaining over 85% efficiency after four cycles. Guava seeds could be cost-effective and sustainable biosorbents for heavy metal removal. Full article

17 pages, 973 KiB

Open AccessArticle

BiVO₄-Based Systems Magnetron Sputtered with Silver Nanoparticles for the Artificial Photosynthesis Reaction

by Eva Naughton, Emerson C. Kohlrausch, Jesum Alves Fernandes and James A. Sullivan

Sustain. Chem. 2025, 6(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/suschem6010004 - 17 Jan 2025

Abstract

The incorporation of Ag nanoparticles onto BiVO₄ (a known H₂O oxidising photocatalyst) through magnetron sputtering to form a composite was studied. ICP-OES results showed that the loading of Ag on BiVO₄ was below 1% in all cases. UV-Vis DRS [...] Read more.

The incorporation of Ag nanoparticles onto BiVO₄ (a known H₂O oxidising photocatalyst) through magnetron sputtering to form a composite was studied. ICP-OES results showed that the loading of Ag on BiVO₄ was below 1% in all cases. UV-Vis DRS and CO₂-TPD analyses demonstrated that upon incorporation of Ag onto BiVO₄, an increase in the extent of visible light absorption and CO₂ adsorption was seen. TEM imaging showed the presence of Ag particles on the surface of larger BiVO₄ particles, while XRD analysis provided evidence for some doping of Ag into BiVO₄ lattices. The effect of the composite formation on the activity of the materials in the artificial photosynthesis reaction was significant. BiVO₄ alone produces negligible amounts of gaseous products. However, the Ag-sputtered composites produce both CO and CH₄, with a higher loading of Ag leading to higher levels of product formation. This reactivity is ascribed to the generation of a heterojunction in the composite material. It is suggested that the generation of holes in BiVO₄ following photon absorption is used to provide protons (from H₂O oxidation), and the decay of an SPR response on the Ag NPs provides hot electrons, which together with the protons reduce CO₂ to produce CH₄, CO, and adsorbed hydrocarbonaceous species. Full article

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31 pages, 2312 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Advancing Sustainable Development in Jordan: A Business and Economic Analysis of Electric Vehicle Adoption in the Transportation Sector

by Ghazi A. Samawi, Omar M. Bwaliez, Mohannad Jreissat and Abdallah Kandas

World Electr. Veh. J. 2025, 16(1), 45; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj16010045 - 17 Jan 2025

Abstract

This study explores electric vehicle (EV) adoption in Jordan, focusing on key transitional factors. It examines government policies, market dynamics, technological advancements, and infrastructure development through semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders, including government officials, industry experts, and consumers. The study provides insights into [...] Read more.

This study explores electric vehicle (EV) adoption in Jordan, focusing on key transitional factors. It examines government policies, market dynamics, technological advancements, and infrastructure development through semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders, including government officials, industry experts, and consumers. The study provides insights into the economic prospects, infrastructure requirements, and regulatory measures necessary for widespread EV adoption. Government incentives, such as tax exemptions and reduced registration fees, are crucial, but challenges like insufficient charging infrastructure, high initial costs, and limited public awareness persist. Collaborative efforts between the public and private sectors are essential to develop resilient infrastructure, enhance consumer education, and foster technological innovation. The findings underscore the importance of government incentives and coordinated efforts to develop charging infrastructure and raise public awareness. Future research should focus on quantitative methods to validate these findings and explore additional strategies to overcome identified barriers. Full article

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22 pages, 3813 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Addressing the Scientific Gaps Between Life Cycle Thinking and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis for the Sustainability Assessment of Electric Vehicles’ Lithium-Ion Batteries

by Maria Tournaviti, Christos Vlachokostas, Alexandra V. Michailidou, Christodoulos Savva and Charisios Achillas

World Electr. Veh. J. 2025, 16(1), 44; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj16010044 - 17 Jan 2025

Abstract

Electric vehicles can substantially lower the overall carbon footprint of the transportation sector, and their batteries become key enablers of widespread electrification. Although high capacity and efficiency are essential for providing sufficient range and performance in electric vehicles, they can be compromised by [...] Read more.

Electric vehicles can substantially lower the overall carbon footprint of the transportation sector, and their batteries become key enablers of widespread electrification. Although high capacity and efficiency are essential for providing sufficient range and performance in electric vehicles, they can be compromised by the need to lower costs and environmental impacts and retain valuable materials. In the present work, multi-criteria decision analysis was adopted to assess the sustainability of different lithium-ion batteries. Life cycle carbon emissions and toxicity, material criticality, life cycle costs, specific energy, safety, and durability were considered in the analysis as key parameters of the transition to electric mobility. A subjective approach was chosen for the weight attribution of the criteria. Although certain alternatives, like lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (NCM) and lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA), outweigh others in specific energy, they lack in terms of safety, material preservation, and environmental impact. Addressing cost-related challenges is also important for making certain solutions competitive and largely accessible. Overall, while technical parameters are crucial for the development of lithium-ion batteries, it is equally important to consider the environmental burden, resource availability, and economic factors in the design process, alongside social aspects such as the ethical sourcing of materials to ensure their sustainability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lithium-Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicle)

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17 pages, 326 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Genomic Insights into Blood Pressure Regulation: Exploring Ion Channel and Transporter Gene Variations in Jordanian Hypertensive Individuals

by Mansour Abdullah Alghamdi, Laith AL-Eitan, Rasheed Ibdah, Islam Bani Khalid, Salma Darabseh, Maryam Alasmar and Asaad Ataa

Medicina 2025, 61(1), 156; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61010156 - 17 Jan 2025

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Hypertension (HTN) constitutes a significant global health burden, yet the specific genetic variant responsible for blood pressure regulation remains elusive. This study investigates the genetic basis of hypertension in the Jordanian population, focusing on gene variants related to ion [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Hypertension (HTN) constitutes a significant global health burden, yet the specific genetic variant responsible for blood pressure regulation remains elusive. This study investigates the genetic basis of hypertension in the Jordanian population, focusing on gene variants related to ion channels and transporters, including KCNJ1, WNK1, NPPA, STK39, LUC7L2, NEDD4L, NPHS1, BDKRB2, and CACNA1C. Materials and Methods: This research involved 200 hypertensive patients and 224 healthy controls. Whole blood samples were collected from each participant, and genomic DNA was extracted. The genetic distribution of the polymorphisms was analyzed. The haplotype frequencies were investigated using the SNPStats web tool, and the genotype and allele frequencies of the studied variants were assessed using the χ² test. Results: Sixteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from nine genes were evaluated. A significant association was observed between the rs880054 variant of the WNK1 gene and hypertension susceptibility, with the T allele elevating the risk of hypertension. This association remained important in the codominant model (p = 0.049) and the dominant model (p = 0.029). In addition, rs880054 was associated with clinical characteristics such as triglyceride levels and cerebrovascular accidents (p-value > 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings reveal a significant link between the rs880054 SNP and an increased hypertension risk, suggesting that variations in WNK1 may be crucial in regulating blood pressure. This study provides new insights into the genetic factors contributing to hypertension and highlights the potential of WNK1 as a target for future therapeutic interventions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Cardiology)

12 pages, 796 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Hemodialysis: Survival Comparison and Mortality-Related Factors

by Hwajeong Lee and Seok-Hui Kang

Medicina 2025, 61(1), 155; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61010155 - 17 Jan 2025

Abstract

Background and Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the outcome of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) by comparing the survival among HD patients with SLE, diabetes mellitus (DM), or other diseases in the Korean population. We also analyzed the factors [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the outcome of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) by comparing the survival among HD patients with SLE, diabetes mellitus (DM), or other diseases in the Korean population. We also analyzed the factors affecting the survival of SLE patients undergoing HD. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study analyzed laboratory data from a national HD quality assessment program and claims data. The programs included maintenance HD patients aged ≥18 years. The patients were divided into three groups according to underlying comorbidities as follows: SLE (n = 569), DM (n = 24,665), and others (n = 31,004). Results: The Kaplan–Meier curve showed that the SLE group had better survival than the other two groups. Multivariate analysis showed that the hazard ratios were 0.89 (p = 0.334) in the others group and 1.32 (p = 0.015) in the DM group compared to those in the SLE group. In the SLE group, age, the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score, hemoglobin, serum creatinine levels, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were associated with patient survival. Conclusions: This study showed that HD patients with SLE had better patient survival than those with DM and comparable survival with those with other diseases, except SLE or DM. In addition, age, CCI score, hemoglobin, serum creatinine level, and SBP were associated with survival in HD patients with SLE. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Urology & Nephrology)

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