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23 pages, 581 KB  
Systematic Review
Advances in AI-Driven EEG Analysis for Neurological and Oculomotor Disorders: A Systematic Review
by Faisal Mehmood, Sajid Ur Rehman, Asif Mehmood and Young-Jin Kim
Biosensors 2026, 16(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios16010015 (registering DOI) - 24 Dec 2025
Abstract
Electroencephalography (EEG) has emerged as a powerful, non-invasive modality for investigating neurological and oculomotor disorders, particularly when combined with advances in artificial intelligence (AI). This systematic review examines recent progress in machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques applied to EEG-based analysis [...] Read more.
Electroencephalography (EEG) has emerged as a powerful, non-invasive modality for investigating neurological and oculomotor disorders, particularly when combined with advances in artificial intelligence (AI). This systematic review examines recent progress in machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques applied to EEG-based analysis for the diagnosis, classification, and monitoring of neurological conditions, including oculomotor-related disorders. Following the PRISMA guidelines, a structured literature search was conducted across major scientific databases, resulting in the inclusion of 15 peer-reviewed studies published over the last decade. The reviewed works encompass a range of neurological and ocular-related disorders and employ diverse AI models, from conventional ML algorithms to advanced DL architectures capable of learning complex spatiotemporal representations of neural signals. Key trends in feature extraction, signal representation, model design, and validation strategies are synthesized here to highlight methodological advancements and common challenges. While the reviewed studies demonstrate the growing potential of AI-enhanced EEG analysis for supporting clinical decision-making, limitations such as small sample sizes, heterogeneous datasets, and limited external validation remain prevalent. Addressing these challenges through standardized methodologies, larger multi-center datasets, and robust validation frameworks will be essential for translating EEG-driven AI approaches into reliable clinical applications. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive overview of current methodologies and future directions for AI-driven EEG analysis in neurological and oculomotor disorder assessment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Wearable Biosensors—2nd Edition)
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16 pages, 264 KB  
Article
Mealtime Assistance by Family and Professional Caregivers: An Observational Study of Cognitively Impaired Older Adults in Hospitals and Nursing Homes
by Hui-Chen (Rita) Chang, FungKuen (Tebbin) Koo, Juyang (Amy) Hui, Hansen (Cindy) Tang and Wenpeng You
Nurs. Rep. 2026, 16(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep16010006 (registering DOI) - 24 Dec 2025
Abstract
Background: Malnutrition is common among older adults with cognitive impairment and contributes to frailty and poorer health outcomes. Many individuals with dementia require mealtime assistance, yet differences in caregiving practices across hospital and nursing home settings remain underexplored. Aim: The aim of this [...] Read more.
Background: Malnutrition is common among older adults with cognitive impairment and contributes to frailty and poorer health outcomes. Many individuals with dementia require mealtime assistance, yet differences in caregiving practices across hospital and nursing home settings remain underexplored. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare eating encouragement practices, feeding skills, feeding difficulties, and nutritional status between family caregivers in hospitals and professional caregivers in nursing homes. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted between June 2020 and December 2023 in New South Wales, Australia. The study included 82 older adults (≥65 years) with cognitive impairment: 31 hospital patients supported by family caregivers and 51 nursing home residents supported by assistant nurses. Eating encouragement, feeding skills, and feeding difficulties were assessed using structured observation tools, and nutritional status was evaluated using the Mini Nutritional Assessment–Short Form (MNA-SF). Group differences were analysed using chi-square tests and independent t-tests (p < 0.05). Results: Family caregivers in hospitals demonstrated stronger relational and engagement-based practices, including consistent handwashing (χ2 = 31.945, p < 0.001), encouraging self-feeding (χ2 = 21.678, p < 0.001), verbal cueing (χ2 = 12.083, p = 0.002), touch prompting (χ2 = 51.817, p < 0.001), and sitting face to face (χ2 = 38.697, p < 0.001). Nursing home caregivers showed more advanced technical skills, such as task simplification (χ2 = 54.135, p < 0.001), mirroring (χ2 = 78.456, p < 0.001), hand-over-hand guidance (χ2 = 73.076, p < 0.001), mouth- and lip-opening techniques (both χ2 = 81.000, p < 0.001), and stronger choking management (p < 0.001). Feeding difficulties also differed: refusal behaviours were more common in nursing homes, while distraction and oral–motor issues were more frequent in hospitals. Overall, nursing home residents had significantly poorer nutritional status (t = −12.592, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Family caregivers provide stronger relational support, whereas professional caregivers demonstrate superior technical competence. Integrating these complementary strengths may enhance mealtime care and reduce malnutrition among cognitively impaired older adults. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Dementia Nursing: Functional Health, Carer Experiences, and Culturally Inclusive Care Approaches)
17 pages, 4176 KB  
Article
Solvent-Mediated Control of Twisted Intramolecular Charge Transfer in 7-(Diethylamino)coumarin-3-carboxylic Acid
by Xilin Bai, Jing Xiao, Bingqi Du, Duidui Liu, Yanzhuo Wang, Shujing Shi and Jing Ge
Molecules 2026, 31(1), 76; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31010076 (registering DOI) - 24 Dec 2025
Abstract
Understanding the influence of solvent environments on the excited-state charge transfer process remains a fundamental question in molecular photophysics and photochemistry. While twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) is crucial in determining fluorescence efficiency and photostability, the combined effects of solvent polarity and hydrogen [...] Read more.
Understanding the influence of solvent environments on the excited-state charge transfer process remains a fundamental question in molecular photophysics and photochemistry. While twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) is crucial in determining fluorescence efficiency and photostability, the combined effects of solvent polarity and hydrogen bonding interactions are still elusive. Here, we employ steady-state and femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) spectroscopy with density functional theory (DFT) calculations to investigate the excited-state dynamics of 7-(diethylamino)coumarin-3-carboxylic acid (7-DCCA) in different solvents. Our findings reveal that in highly polar solvents with strong hydrogen-donating and hydrogen-accepting capabilities, 7-DCCA undergoes significant TICT formation, resulting in fluorescence quenching. Conversely, in environments with low polarity or weak hydrogen-bonding interactions, this transformation is largely suppressed. Quantitative correlation analysis utilizing the Kamlet–Taft and Catalán four-parameter models further elucidates the synergistic role of solvent polarity and specific hydrogen-bonding parameters in modulating the steady-state spectral behavior of 7-DCCA. This study provides microscopic insights into solvent–charge transfer interactions and establishes a general framework for enhancing the luminescence efficiency and structural robustness of organic optoelectronic materials through strategic solvent engineering. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Physical Chemistry)
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Graphical abstract

15 pages, 1638 KB  
Review
The RNA-Binding Protein KSRP Is a Negative Regulator of Innate Immunity
by Vanessa Bolduan, Andrea Pautz and Matthias Bros
Biomolecules 2026, 16(1), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom16010030 (registering DOI) - 24 Dec 2025
Abstract
KSRP (KH-type splicing regulatory protein) has emerged as a pivotal regulator of gene expression at multiple levels, acting as a transcription and splicing factor in the nucleus, and mediating AU-rich element (ARE)-dependent mRNA decay, translational silencing, and microRNA (miRNA) maturation in the cytoplasm. [...] Read more.
KSRP (KH-type splicing regulatory protein) has emerged as a pivotal regulator of gene expression at multiple levels, acting as a transcription and splicing factor in the nucleus, and mediating AU-rich element (ARE)-dependent mRNA decay, translational silencing, and microRNA (miRNA) maturation in the cytoplasm. We and others have shown that KSRP acts as a regulator of immune responses, e.g., by dampening the expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, but also of NOS2, and facilitating the maturation of regulatory miRNAs, including let-7a, miR-129, and miR-155. This review aims to present current knowledge on the regulation of KSRP activity as conferred by miRNAs, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, and interactions with long non-coding RNAs to enable dynamic responses towards inflammatory stimuli, and the effects of KSRP on innate immune reactions. Here, KSRP acts as an inhibitor by attenuating RIG-I-mediated antiviral signaling, cytokine production, and phagocytosis. In vivo, KSRP deficiency reduced arthritis severity but heightened inflammatory responses in sepsis and enhanced pathogen clearance in invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. These findings position KSRP as a dual regulator that limits tissue damage while constraining antimicrobial immunity. As a perspective, modulation of KSRP activity by applying pharmacological inhibitors may provide strategies to either suppress hyperinflammation in autoimmunity and sepsis or enhance host defense in immunocompromised states. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Molecular Biology Section 2025)
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11 pages, 1170 KB  
Case Report
Fatal Suicide Attempt with Upadacitinib (Rinvoq®) in an Adolescent: A Case Report
by Silviya Stoykova, Ivo Ivanov, Evgeniya Byrzashka and Vasil Atanasov
Reports 2026, 9(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/reports9010009 (registering DOI) - 24 Dec 2025
Abstract
Background and Clinical Significance: Upadacitinib, a selective Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) inhibitor, is increasingly prescribed for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Although its therapeutic safety profile is well established, fatal intoxications have not been reported to date. Case Presentation: We describe the [...] Read more.
Background and Clinical Significance: Upadacitinib, a selective Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) inhibitor, is increasingly prescribed for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Although its therapeutic safety profile is well established, fatal intoxications have not been reported to date. Case Presentation: We describe the first fatal case of upadacitinib overdose in a 13-year-old girl. Following ingestion of approximately 600 mg (40 × 15 mg tablets Rinvoq®), the patient presented with deep coma, profound bradycardia (~40 bpm) with third-degree atrioventricular block, conduction delay, hypotension, hypothermia, and metabolic acidosis. Laboratory tests showed hyperglycemia (17.8 mmol/L) and only minimal elevations in cardiac biomarkers (CK 57.03 U/L, CK-MB 30.64 U/L, troponin 0.003 ng/mL). Despite advanced resuscitation, the patient succumbed within a few hours. Forensic toxicology revealed extremely high concentrations of upadacitinib, 1.84 µg/mL (~1840 ng/mL) in blood and 70.3 µg/mL in gastric contents, far exceeding reported therapeutic plasma levels (Cmax 36.0 ± 8.8 ng/mL). This case establishes the first reported value for a lethal upadacitinib concentration in humans. The combination of conduction abnormalities, refractory shock, and minimal biomarker changes is consistent with an acute electrophysiological and hemodynamic collapse rather than myocardial infarction. Conclusions: The toxicity of upadacitinib in this case is characterized by profound central nervous system depression, severe cardiovascular (electrophysiological and hemodynamic) disturbances, and metabolic abnormalities (acidosis and hyperglycemia). These findings provide essential reference data for clinical and forensic toxicology, highlight the fatal potential of upadacitinib in overdose, and underscore the importance of secure medication storage and pharmacovigilance in households with adolescents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Critical Care/Emergency Medicine/Pulmonary)
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18 pages, 3471 KB  
Article
Conceptual Design and Optimization of Reactive Distillation-Based Processes for the Separation of Methanol/Methyl Acetate/Ethyl Acetate with an Ethyl Acetate-Rich Feed Composition
by Cong Jing, Liangxiao Wei, Wei Xiang and Keyan Liu
Separations 2026, 13(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations13010007 (registering DOI) - 24 Dec 2025
Abstract
Industrial effluents often contain azeotropic mixtures that are difficult to separate by conventional distillation. An illustrative case is the methanol/methyl acetate/ethyl acetate (MA/ME/EA) mixture. To address these challenges, this work studies the conceptual design and optimization of the reactive distillation-based hybrid processes for [...] Read more.
Industrial effluents often contain azeotropic mixtures that are difficult to separate by conventional distillation. An illustrative case is the methanol/methyl acetate/ethyl acetate (MA/ME/EA) mixture. To address these challenges, this work studies the conceptual design and optimization of the reactive distillation-based hybrid processes for separating the MA/ME/EA mixture with an EA-rich feed composition (0.25/0.20/0.55 mol fraction). An improved triple-column extractive–reactive distillation with a side-draw product (TCERD-SP) and its heat-integrated variant (TCERD-SP-HI) have been developed. In the TCERD-SP process, EA is strategically withdrawn as a side product, reconfiguring the extractive column into integrated pre-separation and entrainer-recovery sections, thereby reducing entrainer and energy demands. A four-step process design methodology is applied, including thermodynamics analysis, conceptual design, rigorous optimization via Aspen Plus integrated with the genetic algorithm to minimize total annual cost (TAC), and comparative evaluation of economic and environmental performance. The results show that the basic double-column pre-separation-reactive distillation (DCPSRD) process, optimal for a previous feed composition, exhibits unsatisfactory TAC performance for this EA-rich feed composition. Among the configurations studied, the TCERD-SP process exhibits superior performance, saving TAC by 8.4% and 14.4% compared to the TCERD and DCPSRD processes, respectively. In addition, based on the advantage of convenient heat integration between the side reboiler and the reactive distillation column condenser, the heat-integrated TCERD-SP-HI process achieves a further 10.7% TAC reduction. Thus, for this EA-rich feed examined in this work, the TCERD-SP and TCERD-SP-HI processes are demonstrated as effective solutions for recovering these valuable chemicals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Separation Technology in Chemical Engineering)
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19 pages, 4273 KB  
Article
Trophic Duality: Taxonomic Segregation and Convergence in Prey Functional Traits Driving the Coexistence of Apex Predators
by Hilton Entringer, Jr. and Ana Carolina Srbek-Araujo
Biology 2026, 15(1), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology15010031 (registering DOI) - 24 Dec 2025
Abstract
The coexistence of functionally similar predators offers a framework for understanding the mechanisms shaping ecological communities. Jaguars and pumas are broadly sympatric in the Neotropics, yet the processes sustaining their persistence remain unclear. Classical niche theory predicts that coexistence requires ecological differentiation, whereas [...] Read more.
The coexistence of functionally similar predators offers a framework for understanding the mechanisms shaping ecological communities. Jaguars and pumas are broadly sympatric in the Neotropics, yet the processes sustaining their persistence remain unclear. Classical niche theory predicts that coexistence requires ecological differentiation, whereas modern models emphasize balancing stabilizing (reducing interspecific competition) and equalizing mechanisms (minimizing fitness differences). Although demographic components were not directly estimated, we integrated secondary dietary data compiled from 21 sympatric populations through a systematic literature review. This integration allowed us to identify trophic patterns consistent with coexistence mechanisms across taxonomic and functional prey axes. Analyses revealed strong taxonomic segregation at finer scales, with jaguars primarily consuming Artiodactyla, while pumas exploited a broader spectrum including Rodentia, Cingulata, and Pilosa. This divergence reduces direct competition, consistent with stabilizing resource partitioning. In contrast, high overlap in functional traits (e.g., body mass and locomotor habit) indicated functional convergence potentially increasing fitness equivalence, consistent with equalizing mechanisms. These dynamics suggested that jaguar–puma macroecological coexistence may be maintained by a dynamic balance between patterns consistent with stabilizing and equalizing mechanisms expressed within trophic niche axes. From a conservation perspective, strategies should move beyond species-specific approaches; preserving both taxonomic and functional prey diversity is essential to sustain the trophic requirements of predators and the ecosystems they regulate. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progress in Wildlife Conservation, Management and Biological Research)
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29 pages, 54982 KB  
Article
The Crystallization Age and Tectonic Significance of Multi-Stage Magmatic Intrusions in the Jiangligou Area, Western Qinling, China
by Lamao Meiduo, Ziwen Jiang, Changhai Luo, Weiming Ma, Chengyong Wang, Juan Shen, Yanjing Ma, Xiwei Qin, Jinhai Ma, Wenzhi Ma, Weiran Zhao and Zejun Zhou
Minerals 2026, 16(1), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/min16010021 (registering DOI) - 24 Dec 2025
Abstract
This study takes the Jiangligou Plutonic Complex (JPC) in the Western Qinling tectonic belt as the research object and systematically investigates the crystallization age, magmatic genesis, and tectonic setting of the plutons. Results indicate that the Jiangligou Plutonic Complex was formed during the [...] Read more.
This study takes the Jiangligou Plutonic Complex (JPC) in the Western Qinling tectonic belt as the research object and systematically investigates the crystallization age, magmatic genesis, and tectonic setting of the plutons. Results indicate that the Jiangligou Plutonic Complex was formed during the Triassic period (252–216 Ma, corresponding to the “Indosinian” regional tectonic stage in East Asia). Six plutons are recognized in the Jiangligou region. Plutons IV (246 ± 3 Ma) and V (252 ± 2 Ma) record Early Triassic magmatism, and Plutons I (238 ± 1 Ma), II (216 ± 2 Ma), III (216 ± 2 Ma), and VI (224 ± 2 Ma) correspond to Middle-Late Triassic magmatic activity. Furthermore, the data from this study indicate that a Th/U ratio > 0.4 serves as a more effective criterion for identifying reliable magmatic zircons. Our data indicate that the Jiangligou Plutonic Complex represents a multi-stage magmatic system generated in response to the tectonic evolution of the West Qinling, spanning from the late subduction of the Mianlue Ocean to the peak collision between the North China and Yangtze blocks during the Indosinian orogeny. The region is dominated by a collisional setting, with magmas primarily derived from crustal remelting. This study provides key chronological and geochemical constraints on the Indosinian tectonic–magmatic evolution of West Qinling. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Mineral Geochemistry and Geochronology)
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15 pages, 5732 KB  
Article
The Influence of Sand Ratio on the Freeze–Thaw Performance of Full Solid Waste Geopolymer Concrete
by Tong Qiu, Yuan Wen, Xinzhuo Yang, Jian Zhou, Xuan Gao and Xi Liu
Buildings 2026, 16(1), 76; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16010076 (registering DOI) - 24 Dec 2025
Abstract
To clarify the effect of sand ratio on the freeze–thaw performance of full solid waste geopolymer concrete (FSWGC) and establish a constitutive model for its post-freeze–thaw mechanical behavior, FSWGC was prepared via alkali activation—using fly ash, slag, silica fume as cementitious materials, and [...] Read more.
To clarify the effect of sand ratio on the freeze–thaw performance of full solid waste geopolymer concrete (FSWGC) and establish a constitutive model for its post-freeze–thaw mechanical behavior, FSWGC was prepared via alkali activation—using fly ash, slag, silica fume as cementitious materials, and cold-bonded geopolymer lightweight aggregates (CBGLAs) and recycled sand as aggregates. With sand ratios (0.45, 0.55, 0.65) as the core variable, rapid freeze–thaw tests were conducted to measure mass loss, relative dynamic elastic modulus, mechanical properties, and axial compressive stress–strain characteristics of FSWGC. Results show that higher sand ratios significantly aggravate freeze–thaw damage: after 100 cycles, the 0.65 sand ratio specimen has a mass loss rate of 4.61% and a relative dynamic elastic modulus retaining only 34.4% of its initial value, with accelerated strength degradation. This is due to yjr weakened wrapping of recycled sand by cementitious materials, forming a weak interfacial transition zone. The modified Guo constitutive model for FSWGC, and the further established model considering freeze–thaw cycles, accurately describe the stress–strain curve of FSWGC before and after freeze–thaw. This study provides theoretical and experimental support for FSWGC mix optimization, durability design, and mechanical response calculation in cold regions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Building Materials, and Repair & Renovation)
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31 pages, 8399 KB  
Article
Diversity of Fungi Associated with Diseases of Cultivated Brassicaceae in Southern Italy
by Marwa Mourou, Maria Luisa Raimondo, Milan Spetik, Francesco Lops, Gaetana Ricciardi, Maria Grazia Morea, Ales Eichmeier and Antonia Carlucci
J. Fungi 2026, 12(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof12010013 (registering DOI) - 24 Dec 2025
Abstract
This study investigated the fungal species associated with symptomatic cultivated Brassica crops in Apulia, Southern Italy, during the 2022–2023 growing seasons. Twenty-two samples from Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, B. oleracea var. italica, and B. rapa var. cymosa showing stunting, wilting, necrotic [...] Read more.
This study investigated the fungal species associated with symptomatic cultivated Brassica crops in Apulia, Southern Italy, during the 2022–2023 growing seasons. Twenty-two samples from Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, B. oleracea var. italica, and B. rapa var. cymosa showing stunting, wilting, necrotic spots, and lesions were analyzed using morphological and molecular analyses. A total of 259 fungal isolates were obtained, mainly belonging to the genera Alternaria, Plectosphaerella, Fusarium, and Sclerotinia, with Alternaria and Plectosphaerella being the most frequent. Microsatellite PCR (MSP-PCR) profiling revealed considerable genetic diversity within the Alternaria and Plectosphaerella genera, whereas Fusarium and Sclerotinia showed uniform profiles. Multilocus analyses (ITS, tef-1α, rpb2, Alt-a1, and gapdh) identified nine species as Alternaria alternata, A. brassicicola, A. japonica, Fusarium solani species complex, Plectosphaerella cucumerina, P. pauciseptata, P. plurivora, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Stemphylium vesicarium. While Alternaria, Fusarium, and Sclerotinia species are well-known Brassicaceae pathogens, P. pauciseptata, P. plurivora, and S. vesicarium have been detected here for the first time on cultivated Brassica crops worldwide. These findings highlight significant intraspecific diversity among the detected fungi and expand the current knowledge of fungal diversity associated with symptomatic cultivated Brassica plants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Fungal Evolution, Biodiversity and Systematics)
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37 pages, 10564 KB  
Article
Dynamics and Determinants of China’s Inter-Provincial Staple Food Flow Resilience: A Network Perspective
by Xuxia Li and Gang Liu
Systems 2026, 14(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14010017 (registering DOI) - 24 Dec 2025
Abstract
Global climate change results in increasing challenges to the structural security of China’s food system, while pronounced spatial heterogeneities in provincial production and consumption intensify the risk of supply-demand imbalance. This study examines the resilience of China’s inter-provincial staple food flow network from [...] Read more.
Global climate change results in increasing challenges to the structural security of China’s food system, while pronounced spatial heterogeneities in provincial production and consumption intensify the risk of supply-demand imbalance. This study examines the resilience of China’s inter-provincial staple food flow network from a systemic perspective and identifies its key drivers. Inter-provincial food flows are first inferred using a cost-minimization optimization model. Network resilience is then evaluated by integrating complex network analysis with ecological network resilience theory. Finally, econometric analysis is applied to quantify the relative contributions of multiple structural factors to resilience dynamics. The results reveal an overall decline in the resilience of aggregated staple food, alongside persistently low resilience in soybeans network, indicating heightened structural vulnerability. Substantial heterogeneity is observed across staples in both resilience levels and underlying mechanisms. In general, greater connectivity and diversity of flow paths enhance system resilience, although this effect is markedly weaker for soybeans due to concentrated and import-dependent supply structures. By explicitly linking flow, network structure, and resilience, this study provides system-level insights into the functioning of inter-provincial food flow networks. The proposed analytical framework offers a transferable tool for assessing interregional food flow resilience and supports evidence-based strategies for validating system robustness under uncertainties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Systems Practice in Social Science)
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16 pages, 595 KB  
Review
Postoperative Rehabilitation After Thyroidectomy: A Scoping Review of Stretching, Manual Therapy, and Kinesio Taping Interventions
by Karolina Krakowska, Marcin Barczyński and Aleksander Konturek
J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(1), 132; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15010132 (registering DOI) - 24 Dec 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Thyroidectomy is a common endocrine procedure associated with postoperative musculoskeletal symptoms such as neck stiffness, pain, and reduced cervical mobility. These sequelae, though often underrecognized, can impair recovery and quality of life. Rehabilitation strategies, including stretching, manual therapy, and kinesio taping, [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Thyroidectomy is a common endocrine procedure associated with postoperative musculoskeletal symptoms such as neck stiffness, pain, and reduced cervical mobility. These sequelae, though often underrecognized, can impair recovery and quality of life. Rehabilitation strategies, including stretching, manual therapy, and kinesio taping, have emerged as potential adjuncts to enhance postoperative outcomes. This scoping review aimed to map and synthesize current evidence on postoperative rehabilitation interventions following thyroidectomy, focusing on stretching exercises, manual therapy, and kinesio taping. Methods: Following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and PRISMA-ScR guidelines, a comprehensive search identified studies evaluating physical therapy interventions in adult thyroidectomy patients. Fourteen studies published between 2005 and 2025 met the inclusion criteria, encompassing randomized trials, quasi-experimental designs, and one retrospective cohort study. Interventions were delivered in early postoperative settings and included supervised or home-based programs. Results: Neck stretching and range-of-motion exercises consistently demonstrated benefits in pain reduction, cervical mobility, and functional recovery. These low-cost interventions were feasible for early implementation and continuation post-discharge. Evidence for kinesio taping was mixed, with some studies reporting short-term symptom relief and others showing no significant effect. Manual therapy, assessed in a single large cohort, showed promise when combined with stretching, though its independent efficacy remains unclear. Conclusions: Structured rehabilitation—particularly stretching and mobility exercises—may enhance recovery after thyroidectomy. Kinesio taping and manual therapy appear beneficial as adjunctive measures but require further validation. The findings underscore the need for standardized protocols and high-quality trials to optimize postoperative care and long-term outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section General Surgery)
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27 pages, 1759 KB  
Review
Molecular Mechanisms of Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence After Successful Catheter Ablation
by Muhammad Sanusi, Roopeessh Vempati, Dinakaran Umashankar, Suha Tarannum, Yash Varma, Fawaz Mohammed, Maneeth Mylavarapu, Faiza Zakaria, Rajiv Nair, Yeruva Madhu Reddy and Christian Toquica Gahona
Cells 2026, 15(1), 36; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells15010036 (registering DOI) - 24 Dec 2025
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia globally, linked to significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Catheter ablation has emerged as a primary therapeutic approach, yet substantial recurrence rates limit its long-term efficacy. This review critically examines the molecular mechanisms underlying [...] Read more.
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia globally, linked to significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Catheter ablation has emerged as a primary therapeutic approach, yet substantial recurrence rates limit its long-term efficacy. This review critically examines the molecular mechanisms underlying AF recurrence post-ablation, synthesizing recent findings from current literature. Key molecular pathways identified include structural remodeling mediated by fibrosis involving transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), ion-channel dysregulation, inflammatory pathways, autonomic nervous system imbalance, and genetic and epigenetic alterations. Despite considerable advances, critical gaps persist due to small, heterogeneous studies and insufficient long-term follow-up. Comprehensive mechanistic research integrating genomics, proteomics, and advanced imaging is urgently needed to better characterize these pathways. Future studies must validate biomarkers such as TGF-β1, MMPs, connexins, and novel markers like GDF-15 and relaxin. Clinical translation of these molecular insights through precision diagnostics and personalized interventions holds great promise to enhance patient selection, optimize ablation strategies, reduce recurrence, and ultimately improve clinical outcomes in AF management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Diseases)
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17 pages, 2210 KB  
Article
The Use of a Device to Improve the Evacuation Performance of Hospitalized Non-Self-Sufficient Patients in Healthcare Facilities
by Simone Accorsi, Francesco Ottaviani, Aurora Fabiano and Dimitri Sossai
Safety 2026, 12(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/safety12010003 (registering DOI) - 24 Dec 2025
Abstract
Background: Fire emergency management in healthcare facilities represents a complex challenge, particularly in historic buildings subject to architectural preservation constraints, where progressive horizontal evacuation is objectively difficult. This study analyzes the effectiveness of an evacuation sheet employed by Hospital Policlinico San Martino to [...] Read more.
Background: Fire emergency management in healthcare facilities represents a complex challenge, particularly in historic buildings subject to architectural preservation constraints, where progressive horizontal evacuation is objectively difficult. This study analyzes the effectiveness of an evacuation sheet employed by Hospital Policlinico San Martino to improve the speed of evacuating non-self-sufficient patients in these buildings. Methods: This study involved evacuation simulations in wards previously selected based on structural characteristics. Healthcare personnel (male and female, aged between 30 and 55 years) conducted both horizontal and vertical patient evacuation drills, comparing the performance of the S-CAPEPOD® Evacuation Sheet (Standard Model) with the conventional method (hospital bed plus and rescue sheet). This study focused on the night shift to evaluate the most critical scenario in terms of human resources. Results: The use of the evacuation sheet proved more efficient than the conventional method throughout the entire evacuation route, especially during the first 15 min of the emergency (the most critical period). Indeed, with an equal number of available personnel, the evacuation sheet enabled an average improvement of 50% in the number of patients evacuated. Conclusions: The data support the effectiveness of the device, confirming the theoretical premise that the introduction of the evacuation sheet—also due to its ease of use—can be an improvement measure for the evacuation performance of non-self-sufficient patients, despite limitations related to structural variability and the simulated nature of the trials. Full article
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20 pages, 1015 KB  
Review
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome for Cardiac Regeneration: Opportunity for Cell-Free Therapy
by Paulina Piotrowska, Honorata Kraskiewicz and Aleksandra Klimczak
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(1), 209; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27010209 (registering DOI) - 24 Dec 2025
Abstract
Cell-free therapy is gaining increasing interest among researchers as an alternative to mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) therapy. Since the therapeutic effects of MSCs rely predominantly on their paracrine activity, the use of their secretome as a therapeutic agent in broadly defined regenerative medicine, [...] Read more.
Cell-free therapy is gaining increasing interest among researchers as an alternative to mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) therapy. Since the therapeutic effects of MSCs rely predominantly on their paracrine activity, the use of their secretome as a therapeutic agent in broadly defined regenerative medicine, including cardiac regeneration, appears to be a rational approach. In this review, we discuss recent studies that employed secretomes derived from various types of MSCs in cardiomyocyte regeneration following myocardial infarction (MI). Special attention is given to the protein components of the secretome, which may drive tissue repair, and methods of priming the MSC to achieve secretome composition tailored for heart regeneration. Finally, we summarize recent preclinical findings on the effects of MSC secretomes on cardiomyocyte regeneration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy: Cell Therapy vs. EV Therapy)
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19 pages, 2272 KB  
Article
Detrital Zircon U–Pb Geochronology of the Muti Formation: Implications for Provenance and Evolution of the Oman Foreland Basin
by Iftikhar Ahmed Abbasi, Muhammad Qasim, Jenan Ahmed Attar, Mohamed A. K. El-Ghali, Mohamed S. H. Moustafa and Lin Ding
Geosciences 2026, 16(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences16010015 (registering DOI) - 24 Dec 2025
Abstract
Detrital zircon U–Pb dating from the Muti Formation sheds light on sediment sources and foreland basin development along the northeastern Arabian margin during the Late Cretaceous. The siliciclastic-rich Muti Formation was deposited in a syn-obduction foreland basin that formed as the Semail Ophiolite [...] Read more.
Detrital zircon U–Pb dating from the Muti Formation sheds light on sediment sources and foreland basin development along the northeastern Arabian margin during the Late Cretaceous. The siliciclastic-rich Muti Formation was deposited in a syn-obduction foreland basin that formed as the Semail Ophiolite advanced. Zircon age spectra from eastern (Nakhal and Sayga) and western (Murri) sections are dominated by Neoproterozoic–Cambrian ages (450–900 Ma), linked to the Pan-African orogeny and the Arabian–Nubian Shield, indicating these as the main sediment sources. The Murri section also contains older Mesoproterozoic to Archean zircons, likely recycled from the Nafun Group (part of the Huqf Supergroup), suggesting reworking of ancient Gondwanan cover sequences rather than direct input from the Indian craton. Additional Permian zircons reflect input from Arabian Plate magmatic rocks, while Jurassic–Cretaceous grains indicate material derived from the Semail Ophiolite and related arc terranes. Overall, the Muti Formation records a mixed sediment supply from the Arabian Shield, reworked Gondwanan sandstones, and ophiolitic detritus, marking the transition from a passive margin to a flexural foreland basin. The dominance of Pan-African zircon ages highlights continued recycling of Gondwanan sequences and refines models of Late Cretaceous basin evolution in northern Oman, underscoring the complex, multi-cycle nature of sedimentation in this tectonically active setting. Full article
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20 pages, 715 KB  
Article
Dynamic Multi-Core Task Scheduling for Real-Time Hybrid Simulation Model in Power Grid: A Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Method
by Dingyu Hu, Zhi Wang, Qitao Liu, Jianbing Xu, Lu Zhang and Bo Shen
Appl. Sci. 2026, 16(1), 192; https://doi.org/10.3390/app16010192 (registering DOI) - 24 Dec 2025
Abstract
With the increasing scale and complexity of power systems, the Security and Stability Control System (SSCS) plays a vital role in ensuring the safe operation of the grid. However, existing SSCS implementations still face many limitations in cross-regional coordination, control precision, and risk [...] Read more.
With the increasing scale and complexity of power systems, the Security and Stability Control System (SSCS) plays a vital role in ensuring the safe operation of the grid. However, existing SSCS implementations still face many limitations in cross-regional coordination, control precision, and risk prediction. Establishing the digital simulation model is an effective way to verify the control policy of SSCS. This paper proposes a neural heuristic task scheduling method based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to schedule the simulation tasks. It models the task dependencies of SSCS as a directed acyclic graph (DAG) and then dynamically optimizes task priorities and resource allocation through deep reinforcement learning. The method introduces multi-head attention and heterogeneous attention mechanisms to effectively capture complex dependencies among tasks, enabling efficient multi-core task scheduling. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms traditional scheduling methods in terms of makespan, load balancing, and resource utilization. It can also adapt to dynamic changes under different task scales and multi-core environments, demonstrating strong robustness and scalability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Computing and Artificial Intelligence)
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17 pages, 1053 KB  
Article
A Survey on the Daoist Lineages and Ritual Texts in Southeastern Hebei
by Dan Luo and Tianji Xu
Religions 2026, 17(1), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel17010021 (registering DOI) - 24 Dec 2025
Abstract
Since the Ming and Qing dynasties, local Daoism in southeastern Hebei Province has developed in a complex and intertwined manner, characterized by the multiplicity and interpenetration of Daoist lineages. The inheritance of contemporary local Daoism persists in a living form in this region; [...] Read more.
Since the Ming and Qing dynasties, local Daoism in southeastern Hebei Province has developed in a complex and intertwined manner, characterized by the multiplicity and interpenetration of Daoist lineages. The inheritance of contemporary local Daoism persists in a living form in this region; despite gradual decline in modern times, it has preserved a wealth of local Daoist texts as well as complete traditions of jiao (offering) and zhai (retreats) rituals. Based on scriptures, Daoist priests’ oral histories, and ritual records collected in southeastern Hebei, this article examines the transformation of ritual texts of local Daoism in the region since the Ming and Qing dynasties from two perspectives: vertical transmission and horizontal dissemination. It analyzes the local mechanisms and operational models underlying text evolution. Among these, the transmission model emphasizes intergenerational inheritance rooted in Daoist lineages, serving as the primary mode of text circulation which reflected the diachronic trajectory of text transmission. The dissemination model highlights the circulation and transformation of shared texts across lineages, representing a typical example of the integration and symbiosis of ritual traditions among Daoist lineages in a synchronic context. As the core operational mechanisms for text generation, transmission and dissemination have provided a vertical and horizontal framework as well as a dynamic foundation for the transformation of ritual texts in this region over the past century. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Transformations in Daoist Ritual Texts and Other Daoist Literature Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties)
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15 pages, 705 KB  
Article
Impact of Leukapheresis and Biological Risk Markers on Early Mortality in Patients with Hyperleukocytic Acute Myeloid Leukemia
by Mirjana Čučaković, Lazar Trajković, Marija Dinić, Nikola Pantić, Nikica Sabljić, Zlatko Pravdić, Jovan Rajić, Violeta Milošević, Mirjana Mitrović, Ana Vidović, Nada Suvajdžić-Vuković, Andrija Bogdanović, Ljubomir Jaković and Marijana Virijević
Medicina 2026, 62(1), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina62010035 (registering DOI) - 24 Dec 2025
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Hyperleukocytosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is life-threatening, often complicated by leukostasis, tumor lysis syndrome (TLS), and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), with very high early mortality. Leukapheresis (LA) can rapidly reduce circulating blast burden, but its effect on survival [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Hyperleukocytosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is life-threatening, often complicated by leukostasis, tumor lysis syndrome (TLS), and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), with very high early mortality. Leukapheresis (LA) can rapidly reduce circulating blast burden, but its effect on survival and prognostic relevance of disease markers remains unclear. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 74 adult AML patients with WBC > 100 × 109/L treated at the University Clinical Center of Serbia between 2014 and 2024: 28 received LA plus cytoreduction (LA group), and 46 received cytoreduction alone (non-LA group). We evaluated 15-, 30-, and 90-day mortality and overall survival (OS), and assessed clinical, laboratory, and immunophenotypic predictors using Cox regression, with separate subgroup analyses. Results: Patients in the LA group had significantly higher baseline leukocyte counts and LDH (p = 0.18 and p = 0.024, respectively). Although LA resulted in a median 34% reduction in WBC, there was no statistically significant difference in early mortality: 15-day survival was 68% vs. 76% (HR 0.70, p = 0.423), 30-day survival 50% vs. 65% (HR 0.62, p = 0.197), and 90-day survival 39.3% vs. 41.3% (HR 0.85, p = 0.604). Median OS was similarly poor, about 1 month in the LA group compared to 2 months in the non-LA (HR 0.73). Across all patients, ECOG PS ≥2, elevated LDH, TLS, and DIC were the strongest indicators of early death. In the LA group, elevated LDH and increased peripheral blood (PB) monocyte count predicted 15-day mortality (p = 0.021 and p = 0.031, respectively), but lost significance by day 90. In non-LA patients, CD25 positivity (p = 0.034) and DIC (p = 0.045) predicted 15-day death. By day 90, CD25 expression (p = 0.048) remained prognostic, while PB blast percentage (p = 0.045) and PB monocyte count (p = 0.017) emerged as additional adverse prognostic predictors in the non-LA group. In multivariate analysis, higher PB blast percentage, CD25 positivity, and ECOG PS ≥ 2 independently predicted poorer OS. Conclusions: Although LA did not reduce early mortality in the entire cohort, the loss of prognostic significance of elevated LDH, high PB blast percentage, PB monocyte burden, and CD25 expression in the LA group may suggest that the intervention can attenuate the impact of biologically aggressive disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Hematology and Immunology)
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11 pages, 1676 KB  
Article
Potential Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Low Viability of Gynogenetic WW-Type Super-Female Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus)
by Ruoyu Wang, Yutao Li, Yining Zhang, Sihan Wang, Hongrui Che, Dingchen Cao, Zhipeng Sun, Bo Ma and Ying Zhang
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(1), 207; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27010207 (registering DOI) - 24 Dec 2025
Abstract
WW-type super-female broodstock are essential for all-female breeding in sturgeons under the ZZ/ZW sex-determination system, but their practical use is constrained by high mortality. This study investigates the underlying physiological and molecular mechanisms contributing to the reduced viability of WW-type super-female sterlet ( [...] Read more.
WW-type super-female broodstock are essential for all-female breeding in sturgeons under the ZZ/ZW sex-determination system, but their practical use is constrained by high mortality. This study investigates the underlying physiological and molecular mechanisms contributing to the reduced viability of WW-type super-female sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) by comparing three genotypes (ZZ, ZW and WW) in terms of survival rates, oxidative stress levels, and gonadal gene expression. F2 gynogenetic diploid juvenile sterlet with three genotypes were reared for 100 days under controlled conditions. Survival rates were recorded, and oxidative stress markers, including SOD, CAT, MDA and GSH-Px, were measured using commercially available assay kits. Gonadal gene expression profiles were analyzed using transcriptomic analysis. The results revealed that WW-type juveniles exhibited a significantly lower survival rate (64.2%) compared to ZZ-type and ZW-type fish (both 94.2%, p < 0.0001). While hepatic SOD and CAT activities did not differ among genotypes, MDA and GSH-Px levels were significantly higher in WW-type fish, suggesting enhanced lipid peroxidation and an insufficient compensatory antioxidant response. Transcriptome analysis revealed 747 significantly differentially expressed genes between WW-type super-females and normal ZZ/ZW individuals (p < 0.05), with significant enrichment in pathways related to immune regulation, receptor activity, lipid metabolism, and ferroptosis. Notably, downregulation of arachidonic acid metabolism genes (PTGS2, PTGES, PTGDS) was observed, while ferroptosis-related genes GPX4 and SLC3A2 were upregulated, suggesting that disturbed arachidonic acid metabolism, along with lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis activation, contribute to the reduced survival of WW-type super-females. These findings provide integrative physiological and transcriptomic evidence for the mechanistic basis of poor fitness in gynogenetic WW-type super-females and offer foundational data for improving the feasibility of all-female breeding in sturgeon. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Advances in Reproduction and Fertility of Aquatic Animals: 3rd Edition)
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16 pages, 1002 KB  
Article
Spectral Instability in Modified Pöschl–Teller Effective Potential Triggered by Deterministic and Random Perturbations
by Shui-Fa Shen, Guan-Ru Li, Ramin G. Daghigh, Jodin C. Morey, Michael D. Green, Wei-Liang Qian and Rui-Hong Yue
Universe 2026, 12(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe12010005 (registering DOI) - 24 Dec 2025
Abstract
Owing to its substantial implications for black hole spectroscopy, spectral instability has attracted considerable attention in the literature. While the emergence of such instability is attributed to the non-Hermitian nature of the gravitational system, it remains sensitive to various factors. In this work, [...] Read more.
Owing to its substantial implications for black hole spectroscopy, spectral instability has attracted considerable attention in the literature. While the emergence of such instability is attributed to the non-Hermitian nature of the gravitational system, it remains sensitive to various factors. In this work, we conduct a focused analysis of black hole spectral instability using the Pöschl–Teller potential as a toy model. We investigate the dependence of the resulting spectral instability on the magnitude, spatial scale, and localization of deterministic and random perturbations in the effective potential of the wave equation, and discuss the underlying physical interpretations. It is observed that small perturbations in the potential initially have a limited impact on the less damped black hole quasinormal modes, with deviations typically around their unperturbed values, a phenomenon first derived by Skakala and Visser in a more restrictive context. In the higher-overtone region, the deviation propagates, amplifies, and eventually gives rise to spectral instability and, inclusively, bifurcation in the quasinormal mode spectrum. While deterministic perturbations give rise to a deformed but well-defined quasinormal spectrum, random perturbations lead to uncertainties in the resulting spectrum. Nonetheless, the primary trend of the spectral instability remains consistent, being sensitive to both the strength and location of the perturbation. However, we demonstrate that the observed spectral instability might be suppressed for perturbations that are physically appropriate. Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection Open Questions in Black Hole Physics)
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19 pages, 304 KB  
Article
Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Management of Religious Diversity in Healthcare
by María-José Parejo-Guzmán and David Cobos-Sanchiz
Religions 2026, 17(1), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel17010020 (registering DOI) - 24 Dec 2025
Abstract
Religious plurality is an increasingly prevalent phenomenon in contemporary societies, and managing it within the healthcare sector presents significant challenges. In this regard, healthcare systems must strike a balance between religious freedom and the organisation of healthcare services. This paper will address the [...] Read more.
Religious plurality is an increasingly prevalent phenomenon in contemporary societies, and managing it within the healthcare sector presents significant challenges. In this regard, healthcare systems must strike a balance between religious freedom and the organisation of healthcare services. This paper will address the management and legal treatment of religious diversity in healthcare, focusing on the impact of artificial intelligence in this area. There is no doubt that Artificial Intelligence is transforming the management of religious diversity in healthcare. While many advances have been observed in this area in recent years, numerous ethical and privacy challenges have also emerged, which are undoubtedly leading to the need for a reconfiguration of the legal framework. Issues such as conscientious objection by healthcare personnel, access to treatments compatible with patients’ beliefs, and possible tensions between the right to health and religious freedom will be analysed. The influence of Artificial Intelligence on decision-making and the personalisation of treatments, along with the ethical and legal challenges this entails, will also be explored. Based on this analysis, we will reflect on current challenges and possible improvements in managing religious plurality in healthcare systems. Our aim is to promote a model that provides better medical care, adequately addresses ethical and privacy challenges, respects diversity, and guarantees fundamental rights. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Approaches to Religious Pluralism: Integrating Law, Policies and Practice)
30 pages, 7082 KB  
Article
Stabilization of the MAPK–Epigenetic Signaling Axis Underlies the Protective Effect of Thyme Oil Against Cadmium Stress in Root Meristem Cells of Vicia faba
by Natalia Gocek-Szczurtek, Aneta Żabka, Mateusz Wróblewski and Justyna T. Polit
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(1), 208; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27010208 (registering DOI) - 24 Dec 2025
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) induces oxidative stress and disrupts nuclear organization and chromatin-associated metabolic processes in plant cells. Therefore, identifying natural, biodegradable, non-bioaccumulative compounds that enhance plant tolerance to heavy metals is crucial. We hypothesized that Cd exposure (175 µM CdCl2, 24 h) [...] Read more.
Cadmium (Cd) induces oxidative stress and disrupts nuclear organization and chromatin-associated metabolic processes in plant cells. Therefore, identifying natural, biodegradable, non-bioaccumulative compounds that enhance plant tolerance to heavy metals is crucial. We hypothesized that Cd exposure (175 µM CdCl2, 24 h) activates mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), triggering defined epigenetic modifications that lead to transcriptional repression, and that thyme oil (TO; 0.03% (v/v), emulsified) mitigates these effects by stabilizing chromatin organization. We analyzed nuclear MAPK (p44/42) activation, global DNA methylation (5-methylcytosine; 5-mC), and selected histone modifications as key components of early stress signaling and epigenetic regulation. We found that Cd exposure doubled global 5-mC levels and caused pronounced alterations in histone marks, including decreases in H3K4Me2 (~34%), H3T45Ph (~48%), and H4K5Ac, accompanied by strong increases in H3K9Ac (~57%) and H3K56Ac (~148%). These changes were associated with chromatin condensation and reduced transcriptional activity. In contrast, co-treatment with TO maintained MAPK activity and epigenetic parameters close to control levels, preventing chromatin compaction and transcriptional repression. Together, these findings indicate that TO stabilizes the nuclear signaling–epigenetic interface under Cd stress and represents a promising bioprotective strategy. This work provides the first demonstration that TO modulates both MAPK activation and Cd-induced histone modifications in plants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Plant Sciences)
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37 pages, 3165 KB  
Systematic Review
No One-Size-Fits-All: A Systematic Review of LCA Software and a Selection Framework
by Veridiana Souza da Silva Alves, Vivian Karina Bianchini, Barbara Stolte Bezerra, Carlos do Amaral Razzino, Fernanda Neves da Silva Andrade and Sofia Seniciato Neme
Sustainability 2026, 18(1), 197; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18010197 (registering DOI) - 24 Dec 2025
Abstract
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a fundamental methodology for evaluating environmental impacts across the life cycle of products, processes, and services. However, selecting appropriate LCA software is a complex task due to the wide variety of tools, each with different functionalities, sectoral focuses, [...] Read more.
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a fundamental methodology for evaluating environmental impacts across the life cycle of products, processes, and services. However, selecting appropriate LCA software is a complex task due to the wide variety of tools, each with different functionalities, sectoral focuses, and technical requirements. This study conducts a systematic literature review, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, to map the main characteristics, strengths, and limitations of LCA tools. The review includes 41 studies published between 2017 and 2025, identifying and categorizing 24 different tools. Technical and operational features were analyzed, such as modelling capacity, database compatibility, usability, integration capabilities, costs, and user requirements. Among the tools, five stood out for their frequent application: SimaPro, GaBi, OpenLCA, Umberto, and Athena. SimaPro is recognized for flexibility and robustness; GaBi for its industrial applications and Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) support; OpenLCA for being open-source and accessible; Umberto for energy and process modelling; and Athena for integration with Building Information Modelling (BIM) in construction. Despite their advantages, all tools presented specific limitations, including learning curve challenges and limited scope. The results show that no single tool fits all scenarios. In addition to the synthesis of these characteristics, this study also emphasizes the general features of the identified software, the challenges in making a well-supported selection decision, and proposes a decision flowchart designed to guide users through key selection criteria. This visual tool aims to support a more transparent, systematic, and context-oriented choice of LCA software, aligning capabilities with project-specific needs. Tool selection should align with research objectives, available expertise, and context. This review offers practical guidance for enhancing LCA applications in sustainability science. Full article
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16 pages, 18448 KB  
Article
Effects of Temperature on Anti-Seepage Coating During Vapor Phase Aluminizing of K4125 Ni-Based Superalloy
by Xuxian Zhou, Cheng Xie, Yidi Li and Yunping Li
Surfaces 2026, 9(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/surfaces9010002 (registering DOI) - 24 Dec 2025
Abstract
During the vapor phase aluminizing process, protecting the joint regions of turbine blades remains a critical challenge, as the formation of the aluminide coating can significantly increase the brittleness of these areas. To address this issue, a novel double-layer anti-seepage coating was designed [...] Read more.
During the vapor phase aluminizing process, protecting the joint regions of turbine blades remains a critical challenge, as the formation of the aluminide coating can significantly increase the brittleness of these areas. To address this issue, a novel double-layer anti-seepage coating was designed for the K4125 nickel-based superalloy. The coating employs a self-sealing mechanism, transforming from a porous structure into a dense NiAl/Al2O3 composite barrier at elevated temperatures, thereby suppressing aluminum penetration. Optimal anti-seepage performance is achieved at 1080 °C, reducing the transition zone width to 42 μm, which is a reduction of more than 70% compared to that of 880 °C. These results are attributed to the synergistic action of multiple mechanisms, including high-temperature densification, the formation of NiAl phase, and the growth of an oxide film on the substrate surface. Additionally, the thermal expansion mismatch enables easy mechanical removal of the coating after aluminizing without substrate damage. The coating system offers an effective and practical solution for high-temperature protection during vapor phase aluminizing in aerospace applications. Full article
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27 pages, 322 KB  
Article
What Difference Can a Workshop Make? Lessons from an Evaluation of Eight Place-Based Climate Adaptation Workshops in the United States
by Marc J. Stern, Jennifer J. Brousseau and Caleb O’Brien
Climate 2026, 14(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/cli14010004 (registering DOI) - 24 Dec 2025
Abstract
Place-based climate adaptation workshops are designed to help communities understand their climate-related vulnerabilities and plan adaptive actions in response. Through a series of surveys and interviews with participants, we examined the immediate and long-term impacts of eight place-based climate adaptation workshops in the [...] Read more.
Place-based climate adaptation workshops are designed to help communities understand their climate-related vulnerabilities and plan adaptive actions in response. Through a series of surveys and interviews with participants, we examined the immediate and long-term impacts of eight place-based climate adaptation workshops in the United States. Six took place online due to COVID-19 restrictions; two took place in-person. All workshops positively enhanced declarative, procedural, and relational knowledge of participants and, to a lesser extent, their personal commitment to work on climate adaptation, optimism about climate adaptation in their communities, and perceptions of qualities of the network of actors engaged locally in climate adaptation. In-person workshops yielded somewhat stronger positive influences on relationship-building than online workshops. Most participants who responded to surveys 6 months to a year after the workshop reported that their workshop had a “minor” to “moderate” impact on stimulating meaningful adaptation actions in their area. Reported actions attributed to the workshops included the incorporation of climate adaptation into formal planning documents, the expansion of adaptation outreach, consideration of climate adaptation in day-to-day planning and decision-making in local government departments, and both successful and unsuccessful grant applications for projects and positions associated with climate adaptation. We describe the workshops’ design, as well as participant assessments of the value of different workshop components. We conclude with lessons learned for future effective workshop planning and design. Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection Adaptation and Mitigation Practices and Frameworks)
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