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14 pages, 11233 KB

Open AccessArticle

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Walnuts (Juglans regia L.) in Response to Freezing Stress

by Lin Chen, Juntao Wang, Qi Zhang, Taoyu Xu, Zhongrui Ji, Huazheng Hao, Jing Wang, Gensheng Shi and Jian Li

Plants 2025, 14(19), 3089; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14193089 (registering DOI) - 7 Oct 2025

Abstract

Walnuts (Juglans regia L.) are an economically important woody crop, but spring frost poses a serious threat to their growth and productivity. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying walnut responses to freezing stress remain largely unknown. In this study, transcriptome analyses were performed [...] Read more.

Walnuts (Juglans regia L.) are an economically important woody crop, but spring frost poses a serious threat to their growth and productivity. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying walnut responses to freezing stress remain largely unknown. In this study, transcriptome analyses were performed on cold-tolerant and cold-sensitive walnut varieties subjected to freezing stress. A total of 9611 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) responsive to freezing stress were obtained, of which 2853 were common up-regulated and 2880 were common down-regulated in both varieties. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed 15 significantly enriched pathways in both varieties, including flavonoid biosynthesis. A simplified walnut flavonoid biosynthesis pathway was constructed, encompassing 36 DEGs encoding 13 key enzymes, demonstrating that flavonoid biosynthesis in walnut is significantly activated under freezing stress. Furthermore, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified a regulatory network centered on the JrCBF genes and uncovered 34 potential interacting genes. Collectively, these findings provide novel insights into the molecular responses of walnut to freezing stress and establish a foundation for elucidating the mechanisms underlying walnut cold tolerance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Plant Response to Abiotic Stress and Climate Change)

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16 pages, 901 KB

Open AccessArticle

Factors Influencing Telemedicine Adoption Among Healthcare Professionals in Geriatric Medical Centers: A Technology Acceptance Model Approach

by Tammy Porat-Packer, Gizell Green, Cochava Sharon and Riki Tesler

Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(10), 1367; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15101367 (registering DOI) - 7 Oct 2025

Abstract

Background: Telemedicine has gained significance, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, offering remote healthcare solutions. However, its adoption in geriatric medical centers (GMCs) remains limited. Understanding the factors influencing telemedicine acceptance among care teams in geriatric medical centers is crucial for successful implementation. Aim: [...] Read more.

Background: Telemedicine has gained significance, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, offering remote healthcare solutions. However, its adoption in geriatric medical centers (GMCs) remains limited. Understanding the factors influencing telemedicine acceptance among care teams in geriatric medical centers is crucial for successful implementation. Aim: This study examines behavioral factors influencing telemedicine adoption among care teams in Israeli geriatric medical centers through the lens of the Technology Acceptance Model. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 406 healthcare professionals from four geriatric medical centers in Israel. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire measuring self-efficacy, subjective norms, anxiety, resistance to change, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and intention to use telemedicine. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. Results: Perceived ease of use mediated the associations between self-efficacy and perceived usefulness and between subjective norms and perceived usefulness, demonstrating how confidence shapes technology acceptance. Perceived usefulness mediated the association between perceived ease of use and intention to use. Perceived ease of use did not mediate the relationship between anxiety or resistance to technological changes and perceived usefulness. Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of perceived ease of use and usefulness in promoting telemedicine adoption among geriatric medical center care teams, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to enhance these perceptions. Full article

18 pages, 322 KB

Open AccessArticle

Dark Triad, Depression, Anhedonia and Alexithymia: The Role of Sex Differences

by Daniel French, Gwenolé Loas and Matthieu Hein

Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(10), 1369; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15101369 (registering DOI) - 7 Oct 2025

Abstract

The Dark Triad (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) has been traditionally associated with externalizing behaviors and a lack of empathy. However, emerging evidence suggests that these traits also relate to internal emotional vulnerabilities (such as depression, alexithymia, and anhedonia). This study aimed to examine [...] Read more.

The Dark Triad (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) has been traditionally associated with externalizing behaviors and a lack of empathy. However, emerging evidence suggests that these traits also relate to internal emotional vulnerabilities (such as depression, alexithymia, and anhedonia). This study aimed to examine the association between Dark Triad traits and emotional variabilities (alexithymia and anhedonia) in the general population, with a particular focus on sex differences. A total of 492 French-speaking adults completed a battery of validated self-report measures online, including the SD3fr, BDI-II, TAS-20, and PAS. Comparative and multivariate analyses were conducted separately for males and females. High SD3 scores were associated with greater depression, alexithymia (especially difficulty in identifying feelings), and anhedonia in the overall sample. These associations remained significant after adjusting for depression severity. Sex differences emerged: in females, high Dark Triad traits were strongly linked to emotional dysfunction, while no such associations were observed in males. These findings support the presence of sex-specific emotional correlates of the Dark Triad, particularly in females, where Machiavellianism and psychopathy were linked to emotional distress. Clinical implications are discussed in light of hormonal, sociocultural, and emotional regulation differences. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Individual Differences in Narcissism: From Personality to Psychopathology)

17 pages, 2767 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Novel Whole-Body Wearable Technology for Motor Assessment in Multiple Sclerosis: Feasibility and Usability Pilot Study

by Jessica Podda, Erica Grange, Claudia Latella, Andrea Tacchino, Enrico Valli, Ludovica Danovaro, Gianluca Milani, Marco Forleo, Antonella Tatarelli, Davide Gorbani, Alex Coppola, Ludovico Pedullà, Giampaolo Brichetto and Daniele Pucci

Sensors 2025, 25(19), 6214; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25196214 (registering DOI) - 7 Oct 2025

Abstract

(1) Background: Technological advancements provide new opportunities to objectively assess motor deficits in people with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS). This pilot study aimed to evaluate the performance and usability of iFeel, a novel wearable system which integrates inertial sensors, instrumented shoes, and an AI-based [...] Read more.

(1) Background: Technological advancements provide new opportunities to objectively assess motor deficits in people with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS). This pilot study aimed to evaluate the performance and usability of iFeel, a novel wearable system which integrates inertial sensors, instrumented shoes, and an AI-based algorithm. (2) Methods: Sixteen adult PwMS (Expanded Disability Status Scale—EDSS ≤ 6) performed motor tests (Timed 25-Foot Walk—T25FW; Timed Up and Go—TUG) both with and without the iFeel suit. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) were also collected to assess perceived fatigue, dual-task impact, and walking difficulties. System Usability Scale (SUS) and ad hoc questionnaires have been further administered to test usability. (3) Results: No significant differences were found between the clinician and system-based scores for both T25FW (p = 0.383) and TUG (p = 0.447). Reliability analyses showed good agreement for T25FW (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient—ICC = 0.83) and excellent agreement for TUG (ICC = 0.92). Sensor-derived measures correlated strongly with PROs on fatigue, dual-task interference, and mobility. Usability was rated high (SUS: 78.6 ± 16.1), with participants reporting minimal discomfort and positive perceptions of iFeel usefulness for rehabilitation, health monitoring, and daily activities. (4) Conclusions: This pilot study provides preliminary yet promising evidence on the feasibility, usability, and perceived usefulness of the iFeel technology for motor assessment in PwMS. The findings support its further development and potential integration into clinical practice, particularly for remote or continuous motor monitoring. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensor-Based Rehabilitation in Neurological Diseases)

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14 pages, 1263 KB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of 6 MV-LINAC Radiation on Lymphocyte Phenotypes and Cytokine Profiles

by Papichaya Yudech, Wisawa Phongprapun, Pittaya Dankulchai, Duangporn Polpanich, Abdelhamid Elaissari, Rujira Wanotayan and Kulachart Jangpatarapongsa

Radiation 2025, 5(4), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/radiation5040029 - 7 Oct 2025

Abstract

Radiotherapy employs high-energy X-rays to precisely target tumor tissues while minimizing damage to the surrounding healthy structures. Although its clinical efficacy is well established, the immunomodulatory effects of ionizing radiation remain complex and context-dependent. This study investigated the biological effects of radiotherapeutic doses [...] Read more.

Radiotherapy employs high-energy X-rays to precisely target tumor tissues while minimizing damage to the surrounding healthy structures. Although its clinical efficacy is well established, the immunomodulatory effects of ionizing radiation remain complex and context-dependent. This study investigated the biological effects of radiotherapeutic doses on immune cells by evaluating lymphocyte viability, phenotypic profiles, and cytokine expression levels. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from six healthy donors and irradiated with 0, 2, or 6 Gy using a 6 MV linear accelerator (LINAC). Dose validation with an ionization chamber demonstrated strong agreement between estimated and measured values (intraclass correlation coefficient = 1, 95% CI). Immune subsets, including T cells (CD3+), helper T cells (CD3+CD4+), cytotoxic T cells (CD3+CD8+), regulatory T cells (CD3+CD4+Foxp3+), and natural killer (CD3-CD56+) cells, along with intracellular cytokines interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), were analyzed via flow cytometry at multiple time points. The results showed a significant, dose-dependent decline in overall lymphocyte viability (p < 0.01) compared to control. Cytotoxic T cells were the most radiosensitive, followed by helper and regulatory T cells, while NK cells were the most radioresistant. IL-12 expression initially increased post-irradiation, while IFN-γ levels remained variable. These findings demonstrate that radiation induces distinct alterations in immune phenotypes and cytokine profiles, which may shape the immune response. Immune profiling following irradiation may therefore provide valuable insights for optimizing combination strategies that integrate radiotherapy and immunotherapy in cancer treatment. Full article

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14 pages, 285 KB

Open AccessArticle

Syntactic Awareness Skills in Children with Dyslexia: The Contributions of Phonological Awareness and Morphological Awareness

by Kyriakoula M. Rothou and Constantinos Symeon A. Nisiotis

Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(10), 1368; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15101368 (registering DOI) - 7 Oct 2025

Abstract

Research has shown that children with dyslexia have syntactic awareness difficulties in comparison to typically developing readers. Considering the theoretical connections among phonological awareness, morphological awareness, and syntactic awareness, the present study explored (a) whether Greek-speaking children with dyslexia face syntactic awareness difficulties [...] Read more.

Research has shown that children with dyslexia have syntactic awareness difficulties in comparison to typically developing readers. Considering the theoretical connections among phonological awareness, morphological awareness, and syntactic awareness, the present study explored (a) whether Greek-speaking children with dyslexia face syntactic awareness difficulties in comparison to typically developing readers, and (b) to what extent phonological and non-phonological language skills contribute to syntactic awareness performance. Measures of syntactic awareness, phonological awareness, morphological awareness, and receptive vocabulary were administered among 8.7-year-old children with and without dyslexia. The children with dyslexia had syntactic awareness difficulties in comparison to the typically developing readers. Phonological awareness, morphological awareness, and reading status were significant predictors of syntactic awareness performance. Phonological and morphological awareness made a more substantial contribution to syntactic awareness performance in the typically developing readers. Notably, reading status (i.e., children with dyslexia versus typically developing readers) was highlighted as a significant mediator of the relationship between phonological awareness and syntactic awareness and between morphological awareness and syntactic awareness. Taken together, it could be suggested that both phonological awareness difficulties and morphological awareness difficulties of Greek-speaking children with dyslexia might explain syntactic awareness difficulties. These findings are discussed in light of current research on the nature of syntactic deficits in dyslexia. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Learning Disabilities in Reading and Writing: Current Issues in Assessment and Intervention)

10 pages, 1117 KB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Dual-Tasking on Center-of-Pressure Dynamics and Spectral Balance Control

by Lei Zhang, Qingjie Wang, Yuanyuan Ren and Aming Lu

Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(19), 10788; https://doi.org/10.3390/app151910788 (registering DOI) - 7 Oct 2025

Abstract

Cognitive tasks play a pivotal role in posture control among young adults. This study examined how concurrent cognitive tasks alter balance stability and sensory integration during single-leg stance by analyzing center-of-pressure trajectories and wavelet spectra to elucidate the neurobehavioral mechanisms underlying dual-task balance [...] Read more.

Cognitive tasks play a pivotal role in posture control among young adults. This study examined how concurrent cognitive tasks alter balance stability and sensory integration during single-leg stance by analyzing center-of-pressure trajectories and wavelet spectra to elucidate the neurobehavioral mechanisms underlying dual-task balance degradation. A cohort of 24 young adults completed both single postural control tasks and dual cognitive–postural tasks on a force plate. COP data and wavelet decomposition energy were computed and analyzed. The results revealed significant differences between the dual-task and single-task groups for Lxy, Ly, Vxy, and Vy (p < 0.05). Energy content analysis showed that the dual-task group had significantly different energy ratios across four frequency bands along the x-axis (p < 0.05). Our findings showed that dual-task conditions impair postural control in young adults, increasing anteroposterior sway and altering mediolateral energy patterns. This suggests a shift toward proprioceptive reliance during cognitive division, revealing cognitive–postural interference. These results support using dual-task assessments for fall risk evaluation and inform interventions for populations requiring cognitive–motor integration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering)

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25 pages, 783 KB

Open AccessArticle

Pre-Service EFL Primary Teachers Adopting GenAI-Powered Game-Based Instruction: A Practicum Intervention

by Akbota Raimkulova, Kalibek Ybyraimzhanov, Medera Halmatov, Gulmira Mailybayeva and Yerlan Khaimuldanov

Educ. Sci. 2025, 15(10), 1326; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15101326 (registering DOI) - 7 Oct 2025

Abstract

The rapid proliferation of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in educational settings has created unprecedented opportunities for language instruction, yet empirical evidence regarding its efficacy in primary-level English as a Foreign Language contexts remains scarce, particularly concerning pre-service teachers’ implementation experiences during formative practicum [...] Read more.

The rapid proliferation of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in educational settings has created unprecedented opportunities for language instruction, yet empirical evidence regarding its efficacy in primary-level English as a Foreign Language contexts remains scarce, particularly concerning pre-service teachers’ implementation experiences during formative practicum periods. This investigation, conducted in a public school in a non-Anglophone country during the Spring of 2025, examined the impact of GenAI-driven gamified activities on elementary pupils’ English language competencies while exploring novice educators’ professional development trajectories through a mixed-methods quasi-experimental approach with comparison groups. Four third-grade classes (n = 119 individuals aged 8–9) in a public school were assigned to either ChatGPT-mediated voice-interaction games (n = 58) or conventional non-digital activities (n = 61) across six 45 min lessons spanning three weeks, with four female student-teachers serving as instructors during their culminating practicum. Quantitative assessments of grammar, listening comprehension, and pronunciation occurred at baseline, post-intervention, and one-month follow-up intervals, while reflective journals captured instructors’ evolving perceptions. Linear mixed-effects modeling revealed differential outcomes across linguistic domains: pronunciation demonstrated substantial advantages for GenAI-assisted learners at both immediate and delayed assessments, listening comprehension showed moderate benefits with superior overall performance in the experimental condition, while grammar improvements remained statistically equivalent between groups. Thematic analysis uncovered pre-service teachers’ progression from technical preoccupations toward sophisticated pedagogical reconceptualization, identifying connectivity challenges and assessment complexities as primary barriers alongside reduced performance anxiety and individualized pacing as key facilitators. These findings suggest selective efficacy of GenAI across language skills while highlighting the transformative potential and implementation challenges inherent in technology-enhanced elementary language education. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Technology Enhanced Education)

24 pages, 24721 KB

Open AccessArticle

Parallel Rendezvous Strategy for Node Association in Wi-SUN FAN Networks

by Ananias Ambrosio Quispe, Rodrigo Jardim Riella, Luciana Michelotto Iantorno, Patryk Henrique da Fonseca, Vitalio Alfonso Reguera and Evelio Martin Garcia Fernandez

Sensors 2025, 25(19), 6213; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25196213 (registering DOI) - 7 Oct 2025

Abstract

The Wi-SUN FAN (Wireless Smart Ubiquitous Network Field Area Network) standard facilitates large-scale connectivity among smart devices in utility networks and smart cities. Specifically designed for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (LLNs), Wi-SUN FAN supports the formation of multiple Personal Area Networks (PANs) and [...] Read more.

The Wi-SUN FAN (Wireless Smart Ubiquitous Network Field Area Network) standard facilitates large-scale connectivity among smart devices in utility networks and smart cities. Specifically designed for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (LLNs), Wi-SUN FAN supports the formation of multiple Personal Area Networks (PANs) and mesh topologies with multi-hop transmissions. However, the node association process, divided into five junction states, often results in prolonged connection times, particularly in multi-hop networks, thereby limiting network scalability and reliability. This study analyzes the factors affecting these delays, with a particular focus on Join State 1 (JS1), which relies on PAN Advertisement (PA) packets that use asynchronous communication and the trickle timer algorithm, frequently causing significant delays. To overcome this challenge in JS1, we propose the Parallel Rendezvous (PR) strategy, which forms synchronized clusters of unassociated nodes and leverages the standard’s PAN Advertisement Solicit (PAS) packets to rapidly disseminate network information. The proposed algorithm, PR Wi-SUN FAN, is evaluated through simulations in various network topologies, demonstrating notable improvements in linear, fully connected, and mesh scenarios. The most significant gains are observed in the linear topology, with reductions of up to 71.22% in association time and 59.56% in energy consumption during JS1. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Intelligent Sensors)

22 pages, 8737 KB

Open AccessArticle

UAV-Based Multispectral Imagery for Area-Wide Sustainable Tree Risk Management

by Kinga Mazurek, Łukasz Zając, Marzena Suchocka, Tomasz Jelonek, Adam Juźwiak and Marcin Kubus

Sustainability 2025, 17(19), 8908; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17198908 (registering DOI) - 7 Oct 2025

Abstract

The responsibility for risk assessment and user safety in forested and recreational areas lies with the property owner. This study shows that unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), combined with remote sensing and GIS analysis, effectively support the identification of high-risk trees, particularly those with [...] Read more.

The responsibility for risk assessment and user safety in forested and recreational areas lies with the property owner. This study shows that unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), combined with remote sensing and GIS analysis, effectively support the identification of high-risk trees, particularly those with reduced structural stability. UAV-based surveys successfully detect 78% of dead or declining trees identified during ground inspections, while significantly reducing labor and enabling large-area assessments within a short timeframe. The study covered an area of 6.69 ha with 51 reference trees assessed on the ground. Although the multispectral camera also recorded the red-edge band, it was not included in the present analysis. Compared to traditional ground-based surveys, the UAV-based approach reduced fieldwork time by approx. 20–30% and labor costs by approx. 15–20%. Orthomosaics generated from images captured by commercial multispectral drones (e.g., DJI Mavic 3 Multispectral) provide essential information on tree condition, especially mortality indicators. UAV data collection is fast and relatively low-cost but requires equipment capable of capturing high-resolution imagery in specific spectral bands, particularly near-infrared (NIR). The findings suggest that UAV-based monitoring can enhance the efficiency of large-scale inspections. However, ground-based verification remains necessary in high-traffic areas where safety is critical. Integrating UAV technologies with GIS supports the development of risk management strategies aligned with the principles of precision forestry, enabling sustainable, more proactive and efficient monitoring of tree-related hazards. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Forestry)

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19 pages, 5900 KB

Open AccessArticle

Design of Human-Inspired Feet to Enhance the Performance of the Humanoid Robot Mithra

by Spencer Brewster, Paul J. Rullkoetter and Siavash Rezazadeh

Biomimetics 2025, 10(10), 675; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics10100675 (registering DOI) - 7 Oct 2025

Abstract

This paper presents the foot design for humanoid robot Mithra, with the goal of biomimetically improving impact behavior, natural power cycling throughout the gait cycle, and balance. For this purpose, an optimization framework was built which evaluates the human-inspired objectives using a dynamic [...] Read more.

This paper presents the foot design for humanoid robot Mithra, with the goal of biomimetically improving impact behavior, natural power cycling throughout the gait cycle, and balance. For this purpose, an optimization framework was built which evaluates the human-inspired objectives using a dynamic finite element analysis validated by benchtop experiments. Using this framework and through several concept design iterations, a low-cost, compliant foot was optimized, designed, and fabricated. The analyses showed that the optimized foot significantly outperformed the baseline rigid foot in approaching the characteristics of human feet. The proposed framework is not limited to humanoids and can also be applied to the foot design for lower-limb prostheses and exoskeletons. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioinspired Engineered Systems)

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19 pages, 822 KB

Open AccessArticle

Minimum-Cost Shortest-Path Interdiction Problem Involving Upgrading Edges on Trees with Weighted l_∞ Norm

by Qiao Zhang and Xiao Li

Mathematics 2025, 13(19), 3219; https://doi.org/10.3390/math13193219 (registering DOI) - 7 Oct 2025

Abstract

Network interdiction problems involving edge deletion on shortest paths have wide applications. However, in many practical scenarios, the complete removal of edges is infeasible. The minimum-cost shortest-path interdiction problem for trees with the weighted

l_{\infty}

norm (MCSPIT

_{\infty}

) is studied in [...] Read more.

Network interdiction problems involving edge deletion on shortest paths have wide applications. However, in many practical scenarios, the complete removal of edges is infeasible. The minimum-cost shortest-path interdiction problem for trees with the weighted

l_{\infty}

norm (MCSPIT

_{\infty}

) is studied in this paper. The goal is to upgrade selected edges at minimum total cost such that the shortest root–leaf distance is bounded below by a given value. We designed an

O (n log n)

algorithm based on greedy techniques combined with a binary search method to solve this problem efficiently. We then extended the framework to the minimum-cost shortest-path double interdiction problem for trees with the weighted

l_{\infty}

norm, which imposes an additional requirement that the sum of root–leaf distances exceed a given threshold. Building upon the solution to (MCSPIT

_{\infty}

), we developed an equally efficient

O (n log n)

algorithm for this variant. Finally, numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate both the effectiveness and practical performance of the proposed algorithms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section D2: Operations Research and Fuzzy Decision Making)

19 pages, 1878 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Potential of Bilberry and Blackcurrant Juices as a Source of Colorants in Intelligent Pectin Films

by Anna Pakulska, Magdalena Mikus, Magdalena Karwacka and Sabina Galus

Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(19), 10789; https://doi.org/10.3390/app151910789 (registering DOI) - 7 Oct 2025

Abstract

The aim of this study was to develop biodegradable pectin films enriched with anthocyanin-rich fruit juices and evaluate their functional properties. Films were prepared with bilberry and blackcurrant juices, and their color response to pH, mechanical performance, thermal stability, and water vapor permeability [...] Read more.

The aim of this study was to develop biodegradable pectin films enriched with anthocyanin-rich fruit juices and evaluate their functional properties. Films were prepared with bilberry and blackcurrant juices, and their color response to pH, mechanical performance, thermal stability, and water vapor permeability were analyzed. The incorporation of juices significantly affected the films’ color, with ΔE values ranging from 8.41 to 39.24 for blackcurrant and 36.60 to 59.59 for wild bilberry juice, showing clear visual differences. Increasing juice concentration from 5% to 10% enhanced color intensity and opacity, with the highest opacity (12.90 a.u./mm) observed for films containing 2% pectin and 10% bilberry juice. Mechanical testing indicated reduced tensile strength after juice addition, with the lowest elongation (11.90%) noted for films with 2% pectin and 5% blackcurrant juice. The lowest water vapor permeability (7.43·10⁻¹¹ g/m·s·Pa) was recorded for films with 2% pectin. Thermal analysis revealed greater mass loss in juice-enriched films (40–44.5%) compared to controls (37.6%), reflecting the presence of volatile compounds. pH testing confirmed the films’ indicator function, with red coloration at pH 2 and shifts toward blue-grey (bilberry) or orange-green (blackcurrant) at pH 8. These findings demonstrate that pectin films enriched with dark red fruit juices exhibit promising potential for smart food packaging applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Food: From Discovery to Application)

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23 pages, 8069 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of Jet-Induced Disturbances on the Flame Characteristics of Hydrogen–Air Mixtures

by Xinyu Chang, Mengyuan Ge, Kai Wang, Bo Zhang, Sheng Xue and Yu Sun

Fire 2025, 8(10), 393; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire8100393 (registering DOI) - 7 Oct 2025

Abstract

To mitigate explosion hazards arising from hydrogen leakage and subsequent mixing with air, the injection of inert gases can substantially diminish explosion risk. However, prevailing research has predominantly characterized inert gas dilution effects on explosion behavior under quiescent conditions, largely neglecting the turbulence-mediated [...] Read more.

To mitigate explosion hazards arising from hydrogen leakage and subsequent mixing with air, the injection of inert gases can substantially diminish explosion risk. However, prevailing research has predominantly characterized inert gas dilution effects on explosion behavior under quiescent conditions, largely neglecting the turbulence-mediated explosion enhancement inherent to dynamic mixing scenarios. A comprehensive investigation was conducted on the combustion behavior of 30%, 50%, and 70% H₂-air mixtures subjected to jet-induced (CO₂, N₂, He) turbulent flow, incorporating quantitative characterization of both the evolving turbulent flow field and flame front dynamics. Research has demonstrated that both an increased H₂ concentration and a higher jet medium molecular weight increase the turbulence intensity: the former reduces the mixture molecular weight to accelerate diffusion, whereas the latter results in more pronounced disturbances from heavier molecules. In addition, when CO₂ serves as the jet medium, a critical flame radius threshold emerges where the flame propagation velocity decreases below this threshold because CO₂ dilution effects suppress combustion, whereas exceeding it leads to enhanced propagation as initial disturbances become the dominant factor. Furthermore, at reduced H₂ concentrations (30–50%), flow disturbances induce flame front wrinkling while preserving the spherical geometry; conversely, at 70% H₂, substantial flame deformation occurs because of the inverse correlation between the laminar burning velocity and flame instability governing this transition. Through systematic quantitative analysis, this study elucidates the evolutionary patterns of both turbulent fields and flame fronts, offering groundbreaking perspectives on H₂ combustion and explosion propagation in turbulent environments. Full article

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20 pages, 4005 KB

Open AccessArticle

EEG Complexity Analysis of Psychogenic Non-Epileptic and Epileptic Seizures Using Entropy and Machine Learning

by Hesam Shokouh Alaei, Samaneh Kouchaki, Mahinda Yogarajah and Daniel Abasolo

Entropy 2025, 27(10), 1044; https://doi.org/10.3390/e27101044 (registering DOI) - 7 Oct 2025

Abstract

Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) are often misdiagnosed as epileptic seizures (ES), leading to inappropriate treatment and delayed psychological care. To address this challenge, we analysed electroencephalogram (EEG) data from 74 patients (46 PNES, 28 ES) using one-minute preictal and interictal recordings per subject. [...] Read more.

Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) are often misdiagnosed as epileptic seizures (ES), leading to inappropriate treatment and delayed psychological care. To address this challenge, we analysed electroencephalogram (EEG) data from 74 patients (46 PNES, 28 ES) using one-minute preictal and interictal recordings per subject. Nine entropy measures (Sample, Fuzzy, Permutation, Dispersion, Conditional, Phase, Spectral, Rényi, and Wavelet entropy) were evaluated individually to classify PNES from ES using k-nearest neighbours, Naïve Bayes, linear discriminant analysis, logistic regression, support vector machine, random forest, multilayer perceptron, and XGBoost within a leave-one-subject-out cross-validation framework. In addition, a dynamic state, defined as the entropy difference between interictal and preictal periods, was examined. Sample, Fuzzy, Conditional, and Dispersion entropy were higher in PNES than in ES during interictal recordings (not significant), but significantly lower in the preictal (p < 0.05) and dynamic states (p < 0.01). Spatial mapping and permutation-based importance analyses highlighted O1, O2, T5, F7, and Pz as key discriminative channels. Classification performance peaked in the dynamic state, with Fuzzy entropy and support vector machine achieving the best results (balanced accuracy = 72.4%, F1 score = 77.8%, sensitivity = 74.5%, specificity = 70.4%). These results demonstrate the potential of entropy features for differentiating PNES from ES. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Entropy Analysis of ECG and EEG Signals)

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11 pages, 690 KB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Influence of Preoperative Depression on Pain, Function, and Complications After Total Ankle Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review

by Iosafat Pinto, Panagiotis Konstantinou, Lazaros Kostretzis, Tryfon Ditsios, Chrysanthos Chrysanthou, Anastasios P. Nikolaides, Stylianos Kapetanakis and Konstantinos Ditsios

J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(19), 7080; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14197080 (registering DOI) - 7 Oct 2025

Abstract

Background: Depression has been identified as an important determinant of outcomes in hip and knee arthroplasty, but its impact on total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) remains unclear. Given the growing use of TAA as a treatment for end-stage ankle arthritis, understanding psychosocial risk factors [...] Read more.

Background: Depression has been identified as an important determinant of outcomes in hip and knee arthroplasty, but its impact on total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) remains unclear. Given the growing use of TAA as a treatment for end-stage ankle arthritis, understanding psychosocial risk factors is critical for optimizing surgical outcomes. This study aims to assess the effect of preoperative depression on clinical and functional outcomes following total ankle arthroplasty. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and prospectively registered with the Open Science Framework. PubMed, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL were searched through August 2025 for studies reporting outcomes of TAA stratified by depression status. Eligible designs included randomized trials, cohort studies and case series. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). Given heterogeneity in study designs, depression definitions, and outcome measures, findings were synthesized narratively and summarized using a revised effect-direction plot. Results: Six unique studies involving approximately 9000 patients met inclusion criteria. Five studies were rated as good quality on the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale, while one study was judged to be of moderate quality. Four studies assessing pain outcomes consistently demonstrated worse postoperative pain or less improvement in patients with depression. Three of five studies assessing functional or disability outcomes reported reduced improvement, while two studies found no independent association. Two studies evaluating complications showed higher risks of adverse events, including prolonged hospital stay, non-home discharge, osteophytosis, and implant subsidence, among depressed patients. Revised effect-direction synthesis confirmed a consistent trend toward poorer outcomes across pain, function, and complication domains. Conclusions: Depression is associated with worse pain and higher complication rates following TAA, while its influence on functional recovery was not demonstrated uniformly. These findings support the importance of routine preoperative screening and targeted management of depression. Further prospective, multicenter studies and interventional trials are needed to clarify causality and optimize perioperative care. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Foot and Ankle Surgery: Clinical Challenges and New Insights)

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30 pages, 1344 KB

Open AccessReview

Impact of Maternal Overweight and Obesity on Adipokines During Pregnancy and Lactation

by Anita Froń, Paulina Tomecka and Magdalena Orczyk-Pawiłowicz

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(19), 9757; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26199757 (registering DOI) - 7 Oct 2025

Abstract

Maternal overweight and obesity have reached global epidemic levels, altering metabolic adaptations during pregnancy and lactation. Beyond their well-known impact on gestational outcomes, elevated BMI profoundly influences the secretion of adipokines—hormones derived from adipose tissue that circulate in maternal blood and are secreted [...] Read more.

Maternal overweight and obesity have reached global epidemic levels, altering metabolic adaptations during pregnancy and lactation. Beyond their well-known impact on gestational outcomes, elevated BMI profoundly influences the secretion of adipokines—hormones derived from adipose tissue that circulate in maternal blood and are secreted into breast milk—thereby directly linking maternal metabolism to offspring development. In this state-of-the-art narrative review, we synthesize current evidence on how maternal overweight and obesity shape concentrations of key adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, obestatin, and resistin) in serum, cord blood and breast milk. Excess maternal weight robustly increases leptin, while effects on adiponectin, ghrelin, obestatin, and resistin remain uncertain. To our knowledge, this is the first review to focus specifically on the impact of maternal overweight and obesity on adipokine alterations across both pregnancy and lactation. Future studies should apply standardized sampling and analytical protocols and use longitudinal designs including body composition assessments to clarify their role in maternal and child metabolic health. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Research in Obesity and Obesity Related Disorders: 3rd Edition)

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16 pages, 2226 KB

Open AccessArticle

Reanalyzing and Reinterpreting a Unique Set of Antarctic Acoustic Frazil Data Using River Frazil Results and Self-Validating 2-Frequency Analyses

by John R. Marko, David R. Topham and David B. Fissel

Glacies 2025, 2(4), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/glacies2040011 - 7 Oct 2025

Abstract

A previous analysis of Antarctic acoustic data relevant to quantifying frazil contributions to sea ice accretion is reconsidered to address inconsistencies with river frazil results acquired with similar instrumentation but augmented to suppress instrument icing. It was found that sound attenuation by consequent [...] Read more.

A previous analysis of Antarctic acoustic data relevant to quantifying frazil contributions to sea ice accretion is reconsidered to address inconsistencies with river frazil results acquired with similar instrumentation but augmented to suppress instrument icing. It was found that sound attenuation by consequent icing limited credible Antarctic acoustic frazil measurements to afternoon and early evening periods, which are shown to encompass daily minimums in frazil production. This reality was masked by use of an unvalidated liquid oblate spheroidal frazil characterization model, which greatly overestimated frazil concentrations. Much lower frazil contents were derived for these periods using a robust 2-frequency characterization algorithm, which incorporated a validated, alternative theory of scattering by elastic solid spheres. Physical arguments based on these results and instrument depth data were strongly suggestive of maximal but, currently, unquantified frazil presences during unanalyzed heavily iced late evening and morning time periods. Full article

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19 pages, 650 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Effort, Dyspnea, and Cooperation Scores in Mild and Moderate Post-COVID-19 Patients: Results of a Retrospective Study

by Ovidiu Cristian Chiriac, Corina Sporea, Daniela Miricescu, Ana Raluca Mitrea, Ileana Adela Vacaroiu, Raluca Grigore and Adriana Sarah Nica

Adv. Respir. Med. 2025, 93(5), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/arm93050043 - 7 Oct 2025

Abstract

COVID-19 signs and symptoms varied among patients, with the most common being fever, fatigue, sore throat, cough, anorexia, and shortness of breath. (1) Background: This study aimed to assess effort, dyspnea, and cooperation scores in patients with mild and moderate post-COVID-19 forms, both [...] Read more.

COVID-19 signs and symptoms varied among patients, with the most common being fever, fatigue, sore throat, cough, anorexia, and shortness of breath. (1) Background: This study aimed to assess effort, dyspnea, and cooperation scores in patients with mild and moderate post-COVID-19 forms, both at baseline and after completing a structured physical recovery program. (2) Methods: Our study included 160 post-COVID-19 patients who had experienced mild or moderate disease. (3) Results: Effort and dyspnea scores were significantly lower (p < 0.01), while cooperation scores were significantly higher after the rehabilitation program. Both men and women demonstrated significant increases in cooperation scores after recovery. Additionally, both groups showed statistically significant reductions in effort and dyspnea scores (p < 0.001). Among patients aged under and over 60 years, effort and dyspnea scores decreased after rehabilitation, and cooperation scores increased significantly (p < 0.001). No statistically significant differences were observed between genders in any of the three scores. Similarly, no significant differences by age were found in cooperation or dyspnea scores. A significant negative correlation was observed between cooperation and effort scores: patients with higher cooperation scores tended to report lower effort scores, and vice versa (p < 0.001, R = −0.571). (4) Conclusions: The improved cooperation demonstrated by patients during the physical recovery program was significantly associated with reductions in perceived effort and dyspnea, indicating a positive impact on post-COVID-19 rehabilitation outcomes. Full article

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18 pages, 1311 KB

Open AccessArticle

Thermo-Energetic Analysis of Electrolytic Oxygen Valorization via Biomass Oxy-Fuel Combustion: A Case Study Applied to a Power-to-Liquid Route for Methanol Synthesis

by Flávio S. Pereira, Argimiro R. Secchi and Alexandre Szklo

Thermo 2025, 5(4), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/thermo5040041 - 7 Oct 2025

Abstract

The decarbonization of hard-to-defossilize sectors, such as international maritime transport, requires innovative, and at times disruptive, energy solutions that combine efficiency, scalability, and climate benefits. Therefore, power-to-liquid (PtL) routes have stood out for their potential to use low-emission electricity for the production of [...] Read more.

The decarbonization of hard-to-defossilize sectors, such as international maritime transport, requires innovative, and at times disruptive, energy solutions that combine efficiency, scalability, and climate benefits. Therefore, power-to-liquid (PtL) routes have stood out for their potential to use low-emission electricity for the production of synthetic fuels, via electrolytic hydrogen and CO₂ capture. However, the high energy demand inherent to these routes poses significant challenges to large-scale implementation. Moreover, PtL routes are usually at most neutral in terms of CO₂ emissions. This study evaluates, from a thermo-energetic perspective, the optimization potential of an e-methanol synthesis route through integration with a biomass oxy-fuel combustion process, making use of electrolytic oxygen as the oxidizing agent and the captured CO₂ as the carbon source. From the standpoint of a first-law thermodynamic analysis, mass and energy balances were developed considering the full oxygen supply for oxy-fuel combustion to be met through alkaline electrolysis, thus eliminating the energy penalty associated with conventional oxygen production via air separation units. The balance closure was based on a small-scale plant with a capacity of around 100 kta of methanol. In this integrated configuration, additional CO₂ surpluses beyond methanol synthesis demand can be directed to geological storage, which, when combined with bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) strategies, may lead to net negative CO₂ emissions. The results demonstrate that electrolytic oxygen valorization is a promising pathway to enhance the efficiency and climate performance of PtL processes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermodynamic Analysis and Modeling in Biomass Thermal Conversion Processes)

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19 pages, 1397 KB

Open AccessArticle

Hydrogen Pipelines Safety Using System Dynamics

by Maryam Shourideh, Sirous Yasseri and Hamid Bahai

Hydrogen 2025, 6(4), 81; https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen6040081 - 7 Oct 2025

Abstract

With the global expansion of hydrogen infrastructure, the safe and efficient transportation of hydrogen is becoming more important. In this study, several technical factors, including material degradation, pressure variations, and monitoring effectiveness, that influence hydrogen transportation using pipelines are examined using system dynamics. [...] Read more.

With the global expansion of hydrogen infrastructure, the safe and efficient transportation of hydrogen is becoming more important. In this study, several technical factors, including material degradation, pressure variations, and monitoring effectiveness, that influence hydrogen transportation using pipelines are examined using system dynamics. The results show that hydrogen embrittlement, which is the result of microstructural trapping and limited diffusion in certain steels, can have a profound effect on pipeline integrity. Material incompatibility and pressure fluctuations deepen fatigue damage and leakage risk. Moreover, pipeline monitoring inefficiency, combined with hydrogen’s high flammability and diffusivity, can raise serious safety issues. An 80% decrease in monitoring efficiency will result in a 52% reduction in the total hydrogen provided to the end users. On the other hand, technical risks such as pressure fluctuations and material weakening from hydrogen embrittlement also affect overall system performance. It is essential to understand that real-time detection using hydrogen monitoring is particularly important and will lower the risk of leakage. It is crucial to know where hydrogen is lost and how it impacts transport efficiency. The model offers practical insights for developing stronger and more reliable hydrogen transport systems, thereby supporting the transition to a low-carbon energy future. Full article

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18 pages, 1723 KB

Open AccessArticle

Sensor Placement for the Classification of Multiple Failure Types in Urban Water Distribution Networks

by Utsav Parajuli, Binod Ale Magar, Amrit Babu Ghimire and Sangmin Shin

Urban Sci. 2025, 9(10), 413; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9100413 - 7 Oct 2025

Abstract

Urban water distribution networks (WDNs) are increasingly vulnerable to diverse disruptions, including pipe leaks/bursts and cyber–physical failures. A critical step in a resilience-based approach against these disruptions is the rapid and reliable identification of failures and their types for the timely implementation of [...] Read more.

Urban water distribution networks (WDNs) are increasingly vulnerable to diverse disruptions, including pipe leaks/bursts and cyber–physical failures. A critical step in a resilience-based approach against these disruptions is the rapid and reliable identification of failures and their types for the timely implementation of emergency or recovery actions. This study proposes a framework for sensor placement and multiple failure type classification in WDNs. It applies a wrapper-based feature selection (recursive feature elimination) with Random Forest (RF–RFE) to find the best sensor locations and employs an Autoencoder–Random Forest (AE–RF) framework for failure type identification. The framework was tested on the C-town WDN using the failure type scenarios of pipe leakage, cyberattacks, and physical attacks, which were generated using EPANET-CPA and WNTR models. The results showed a higher performance of the framework for single failure events, with accuracy of 0.99 for leakage, 0.98 for cyberattacks, and 0.95 for physical attacks, while the performance for multiple failure classification was lower, but still acceptable, with a performance accuracy of 0.90. The reduced performance was attributed to the model’s difficulty in distinguishing failure types when they produced hydraulically similar consequences. The proposed framework combining sensor placement and multiple failure identification will contribute to advance the existing data-driven approaches and to strengthen urban WDN resilience to conventional and cyber–physical disruptions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Water Resources Assessment and Environmental Governance)

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16 pages, 3493 KB

Open AccessArticle

Molecular Cloning and Expression Profiling of a Bax-Homologous Gene (EsBax) in the Chinese Mitten Crab (Eriocheir sinensis) Under Exogenous Stimulations

by Mingqiao Ran, Chao Liu, Ying Deng, Wenbin Liu, Dingdong Zhang, Hengtong Liu and Cheng Chi

Fishes 2025, 10(10), 502; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes10100502 - 7 Oct 2025

Abstract

EsBax (bcl-2 Associated X protein), a member of the bcl-2 family involved in the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, plays a crucial role in immune response and defense in invertebrates. In this study, we successfully cloned the full-length cDNA of EsBax from the Chinese [...] Read more.

EsBax (bcl-2 Associated X protein), a member of the bcl-2 family involved in the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, plays a crucial role in immune response and defense in invertebrates. In this study, we successfully cloned the full-length cDNA of EsBax from the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) and investigated its immune-related functions. The EsBax cDNA is 3374 bp in length, including a 1563 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 521 amino acids, a 142 bp 5′ untranslated region (UTR), and a 1699 bp 3′ UTR. The predicted EsBax protein has a molecular weight of 58.0786 kD, a theoretical isoelectric point of 7.28, and contains three conserved BH domains (BH1-BH3), and a transmembrane domain (TM). Amino acid sequence analysis revealed the highest sequence identity (99.42%) with E. sinensis. For the expression analysis, three biological replicates were performed for each tissue and treatment group. Real-time quantitative PCR showed that EsBax mRNA was ubiquitously expressed in all examined tissues, with the highest expression in the hepatopancreas, followed by hemocytes, intestine, gill, and the lowest in muscle. Upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Aeromonas hydrophila (AH), or cycloheximide (CHX), EsBax expression increased and peaked at 24 h (LPS and CHX) or 48 h (A. hydrophila), then decreased. These results suggest that EsBax expression is dynamically responsive to exogenous stimulants (LPS, A. hydrophila, and CHX) in E. sinensis, implying a potential role of EsBax in the molecular events associated with pathogen-induced apoptosis in this species. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crustacean Health, Stress and Disease)

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16 pages, 5738 KB

Open AccessArticle

Image-Processing-Driven Modeling and Reconstruction of Traditional Patterns via Dual-Channel Detection and B-Spline Analysis

by Xuemei He, Siyi Chen, Yin Kuang and Xinyue Yang

J. Imaging 2025, 11(10), 349; https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging11100349 - 7 Oct 2025

Abstract

This study aims to address the research gap in the digital analysis of traditional patterns by proposing an image-processing-driven parametric modeling method that combines graphic primitive function modeling with topological reconstruction. The image is processed using a dual-channel image processing algorithm (Canny edge [...] Read more.

This study aims to address the research gap in the digital analysis of traditional patterns by proposing an image-processing-driven parametric modeling method that combines graphic primitive function modeling with topological reconstruction. The image is processed using a dual-channel image processing algorithm (Canny edge detection and grayscale mapping) to extract and vectorize graphic primitives. These primitives are uniformly represented using B-spline curves, with variations generated through parametric control. A topological reconstruction approach is introduced, incorporating mapped geometric parameters, topological combination rules, and geometric adjustments to output topological configurations. The generated patterns are evaluated using fractal dimension analysis for complexity quantification and applied in cultural heritage imaging practice. The proposed image processing pipeline enables flexible parametric control and continuous structural integration of the graphic primitives and demonstrates high reproducibility and expandability. This study establishes a novel computational framework for traditional patterns, offering a replicable technical pathway that integrates image processing, parametric modeling, and topological reconstruction for digital expression, stylistic innovation, and heritage conservation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Computational Imaging and Computational Photography)

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15 pages, 9626 KB

Open AccessArticle

Development of Resistance to Damping-Off in Rice, Oryza sativa L., Using CRISPR/Cas9

by Seung-Kyo Jeong, Jae-Ryoung Park, Eun-Gyeong Kim and Kyung-Min Kim

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(19), 9761; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26199761 (registering DOI) - 7 Oct 2025

Abstract

Damping-off disease hinders rice seedling growth and reduces yield. Current control methods, such as seed or soil sterilization, rely on chemicals that cause environmental pollution and promote pathogen resistance. As a sustainable alternative, we targeted the damping-off resistance-related gene OsDGTq1 using CRISPR/Cas9. Field [...] Read more.

Damping-off disease hinders rice seedling growth and reduces yield. Current control methods, such as seed or soil sterilization, rely on chemicals that cause environmental pollution and promote pathogen resistance. As a sustainable alternative, we targeted the damping-off resistance-related gene OsDGTq1 using CRISPR/Cas9. Field experiments first verified OsDGTq1’s significance in resistance. The CRISPR/Cas9 system, delivered via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, was used to edit OsDGTq1 in rice cultivar Ilmi. Lesions from major damping-off pathogens, Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium graminicola, were observed on G₀ plants. All 37 regenerated plants contained T-DNA insertions. Among them, edits generated by sgRNA1-1, sgRNA1-2, and sgRNA1-3 resulted in the insertion of two thymine bases as target mutations. Edited lines were assigned names and evaluated for agronomic traits, seed-setting rates, and pathogen responses. Several lines with edited target genes showed distinct disease responses and altered gene expression compared to Ilmi, likely due to CRISPR/Cas9-induced sequence changes. Further studies in subsequent generations are needed to confirm the stability of these edits and their association with resistance. These results confirm that genome editing of OsDGTq1 alters resistance to damping-off. The approach demonstrates that gene-editing technology can accelerate rice breeding, offering an environmentally friendly strategy to develop resistant varieties. Such varieties can reduce chemical inputs, prevent pollution, and minimize seedling loss, ultimately enhancing food self-sufficiency and stabilizing rice supply. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Plant Sciences)

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15 pages, 467 KB

Open AccessArticle

Elevated Alcohol Consumption and Chronic Inflammation Predict Cardiovascular Risk Among Black Americans: Examination of a Dual-Risk Model Using Epigenetic Risk Markers

by Steven R. H. Beach, Robert A. Philibert, Mei-Ling Ong, Man-Kit Lei and Kaixiong Ye

Epigenomes 2025, 9(4), 40; https://doi.org/10.3390/epigenomes9040040 - 7 Oct 2025

Abstract

Background: Heart disease may take a greater toll on Black Americans than White Americans despite similar levels of traditional risk factors. Elevated alcohol consumption (EAC) and chronic inflammation are two potentially important additional risk factors to consider. Both are relevant to understanding health [...] Read more.

Background: Heart disease may take a greater toll on Black Americans than White Americans despite similar levels of traditional risk factors. Elevated alcohol consumption (EAC) and chronic inflammation are two potentially important additional risk factors to consider. Both are relevant to understanding health disparities in cardiovascular health. Methods: Couples with a Black preadolescent or early adolescent child living in the home were recruited and followed. In waves 5 and 6 of data collection, biological samples were also collected allowing the characterization of elevated alcohol consumption, chronic inflammation, and cardiac risk using DNA methylation indices. 383 individual partners comprising 221 couples were examined across the two waves of data, yielding 661 person-wave observations from 383 individuals. Results: EAC at wave 5 forecast increased cardiac risk at W6 (R² change = 0.276), β = −0.193, p = 0.001. However, chronic inflammation at wave 5 did not add significantly to the baseline model, β = −0.042, p = 0.549. Conversely, the slope of change for chronic inflammation was associated with slope of change in cardiac risk (R² change = 0.111), b = −0.014, p = <0.001, but EAC change was not significantly associated with change in cardiac risk, b = −0.001, p = 0.185. Conclusions: Elevated alcohol consumption may be an important risk factor for increased cardiac risk over time in middle age. If so, it could be an important avenue for preventative intervention to decrease cardiac risk. Future research should examine whether similar associations are observed for other racial or minoritized groups and for non-minoritized groups. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Feature Papers in Epigenomes)

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17 pages, 402 KB

Open AccessArticle

From Toxic to Transparent: The Effect of Greenpeace’s Detox Campaign on Market Volatility

by Antonios Sarantidis, Vasileios Bougioukos, Fotios Mitropoulos and Konstantinos Kollias

J. Risk Financial Manag. 2025, 18(10), 569; https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm18100569 - 7 Oct 2025

Abstract

In the contemporary structure of political economy, one of the leading actors is Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs). Some of these organisations, to promote their goals, often engage in public disputes with enterprises that have publicly traded shares on the stock market. Consequently, they serve [...] Read more.

In the contemporary structure of political economy, one of the leading actors is Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs). Some of these organisations, to promote their goals, often engage in public disputes with enterprises that have publicly traded shares on the stock market. Consequently, they serve as channels for negative information relevant to these enterprises that falls within their discourse. In this paper, we examine the impact on the share price volatility of these enterprises due to the public debate initiated by an NGO aiming to change the enterprise’s behaviour on a particular matter (e.g., using more eco-friendly materials). Data from Greenpeace’s Detox Campaign are used to examine its influence on several enterprises. Using GARCH, OLS, and Difference-in-Differences models, we find that volatility increased significantly during the campaign for firms like Burberry (13.71%), Adidas (5.40%), and VFC Group (3.96%). After companies complied, volatility declined, notably in Burberry (−16.84%), Marks & Spencer (−3.24%), and VFC Group (−4.88%). These results highlight how NGO activism can heighten investor uncertainty in the short term but stabilise markets once companies respond, offering key insights for policymakers on the financial impact of civil Society’s engagement. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue AI and Sustainable Growth in Economics and Finance: Global Trends and Challenges)

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